Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

66-70

Authors: Radosław Książek, Beata Pańczyk

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of Spring (with Spring Boot configuration), Micronaut and Quarkus programming frameworks. The recently observed increase in popularity of these solutions made it necessary to determine their application profile. In order to determine the characteristics of the researched technologies, a series of performance and optimization tests of applications built on the basis of the above-mentioned programming frameworks were carried out. The results of the analyzes showed that thanks to the high degree of optimization, the Micronaut and Quarkus skeletons are perfectly adapted to work in cloud environments, while Spring (Boot) framework, despite its lower efficiency, is an irreplacible solution in complex projects.

77-83

Authors: Konrad Bielak, Bartłomiej Borek, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik

The aim of the work is to conduct a performance analysis and, on its basis, to indicate the most user-friendly and fastest operating framework. Three Internet applications have been written to test the speed of operation of selected technologies. Some of the most popular frameworks were analyzed: Angular, React and Vue. Static comparative criteria used in the work are: favorable and generally available documentation, application development, speed of application development, development and support by creators. The practical criteria are the times measured during the execution of the tests. The tests were performed with simple operations using the CRUD (Create Read Update Delete) function. The performance analysis carried out in this way shows the differences between the frameworks. The following developerPersian tools were used for the comparative analysis: Google Analytics, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome DevTools.

89-96

Authors: Mateusz Kaczor, Paweł Powroźnik

The article presents a comparative analysis of the two most popular message brokers: Apache Kafka and RabbitMQ. The purpose of this paper was to perform a comparative analysis of selected technologies and to determine their time efficiency. For the needs of the research four applications were prepared (two for each tested technology) that were sending and receiving messages. The research was supplemented with tests with the use of auxiliary tools and theoretical comparison. The comparative analysis of gathered data allowed us to determine the most effective technology, which happened to be Apache Kafka.

105-111

Authors: Quoc Toan Nguyen

There is a great range of spectacular coral reefs in the ocean world. Unfortunately, they are in jeopardy, due to an overabundance of one specific starfish called the coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (or COTS). This article provides research to deliver innovation in COTS control. Using a deep learning model based on the You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) deep learning algorithm on an embedded device for COTS detection. It aids professionals in optimizing their time, resources and enhancing efficiency for the preservation of coral reefs all around the world. As a result, the performance over the algorithm was outstanding with Precision: 0.93 - Recall: 0.77 - F1-score: 0.84.

118-122

Authors: Katarzyna Mróz, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik

The main objective of this paper is to carry out a research on the analysis of the use of brain-computer interface in everyday life. In this paper, various methods of recording brain activity are presented. Special attention is given to electroencephalography, which was used in the study. The brain activity used in the brain-computer interface and the general principle of brain-computer interface design are also described. The performed study allowed to develop an analysis of the obtained results in the matter of evaluating the usability of brain-computer interfaces using motor imagery. In the final stage, it was possible to evaluate the usability of the brain-computer interface in everyday life.

128-134

Authors: Marcin Golec, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik

The subject of the research was a comparative analysis of programming frameworks that are intended for building applications. NestJS (version 8.1.1), FoalTS (version 2.5.0) and Ts.ED (version 6.69.1) were put together. An experiment was prepared based on scenarios that focused on the response time of applications to requests. Each of them had the same set of functionalities. NestJS turned out to be the most efficient of the compared skeletons. It achieved the best results. The worst results in each scenario were achieved by Ts.ED, especially with higher loads. The biggest differences in the comparison can be seen in studies conducted according to a scenario based on GET-type requests, and in particular with more objects in response.

140-144

Authors: Ravi Kanth Motupalli, Krishna Prasad K.

In the digitalized era of the information technology the expansion of the data usage is very high accounting for about enormous data transaction in day to day life. Data from different sources like sensors, mobile phones, satellite, social media and networks, logical transaction and ventures, etc add an gigantic pile to the existing stack of data. One of the best way to handle this exponential data production is the Hadoop network. Thus in the current scenario big industries and organizations rely on the Hadoop network for the production of their essential data. Focusing on the data generation and organization, data security one of the most primary important consideration was left unnoticed making data vulnerable to cyber attacks and hacking. Hence this article proposes an effective mixed algorithm concept with the Salsa20 and AES algorithm to enhance the security of the transaction against unauthorised access and validates the quick data transaction with minimal encryption and decryption time. High throughput obtained in this hybrid framework demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithmic structure over the existing systems.

152-164

Authors: Keshra Sangwal

The real data of cumulative citations ln of selected nth paper of individual N papers published by some highly- and moderately-cited individual authors are analyzed to compare Hirsch and Hirsch-type indices h, h1, hf and hm, and citation radii R and Rf from consideration of: (1) the number An of coauthors of the paper, (2) the normalization of citations ln and cumulative fraction lnf of citation of the nth paper by mean and median citations of the citations ln of all Nc cited papers, and (3) the determination of effective rank neff of the lnf citations. Analysis of the ln(n), lnf(n) and lnf(neff) data was also carried out by using a Langmuir-type function l = l0[1-aKn/(1+Kn)], where l denotes the citations ln and lnf of all cited Nc papers arranged in the decreasing order, a is an effectiveness parameter, K is the so-called Langmuir constant, n denotes the rank n or neff of citations and l0 is the value of l when n or neff approaches zero. For a comparison of the publication output of different authors it was found that the hm index is more consistent than other indices, and it can be normalized to account for the publication career of different authors. However, Langmuir-type function is not adequate for comparison of the publication output of different authors because it describes the rank-order distribution patterns satisfactorily in terms of two parameters. To compare the publication output of different authors independent of their career length t, it is suggested to use scaling parameters h/t, hf/t and hm/t.

1-7

Authors: Krystian Demidiuk, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik

Gamification has become a very popular term for a wide range of opportunities to increase customer interest and satisfaction. This has many uses, including science, commerce and everyday life. Despite the widespread use of gamification mechanisms, the scale of possible benefits is still unknown. The following work examines the influence of various gamification factors on a player's playing time and satisfaction in order to find the factor that brings the greatest benefit. The research was carried out using a game specially created for this purpose and on the basis of the results of the survey presented to the players. The results show that the five selected gamification factors are the challenges and the badges awarded for them have the greatest impact on both examined metrics.

13-17

Authors: Szymon Dudziak, Natalia Jakubczak, Maciej Pańczyk

The purpose of this article is to compare selected configuration management systems on Linux. These systems had to meet the condition of integration with Linux. The two of the most popular systems were chosen which are Puppet and Ansible. The comparison was based on a simple system configuration using these two systems in several aspects: installation, file and folder management, package management, user management, configuration of the Apache server and Firewall. Through this comparison, it was possible to determine which system is more suitable for a novice Linux system administrator.

26-34

Authors: Kamil Pawelec, Piotr Kopniak

The article presents a comparative analysis of two frameworks of PHP application development such as Laravel and Code Igniter. Test results obtained using the implemented implementation problem compare the application code size, code execution time, hardware resources used, as well as the complexity of the code. The purpose of the research was to present the possibilities of given application development skeletons, with the help of which the web application programmer will be able to decide on its use depending on the implemented solution.

40-45

Authors: Teofil Rozaliuk, Petro Kopyl, Jakub Smołka

The article describes a comparative analysis of the ASP.NET Core and Spring Boot framework ecosystems. The research was carried out on the basis of implemented two applications with identical functionality, which use the PostgreSQL database engine. In the implementation of the application, appropriate ORM tools were used to perform database operations, ie Spring Data and Entity Framework Core, technologies enabling the implementation of authentication and authorization (Spring Security and ASP.NET Core Identity) and several additional libraries that simplify the entire process of building the application. The criteria of comparison were the ease and intuitiveness of a given tool in the implementation of the application, the offered possibilities of the tools implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms, the efficiency of database operations, the general structure of the application and basic code metrics. Based on the research, it was found that Spring Data technology is a faster tool than Entity Framework Core, while Spring Security, unlike Asp.Net Core Identity, is less integrated into the framework ecosystem.

51-58

Authors: Edyta Kowalczyk, Agnieszka Glinka, Tomasz Szymczyk

The design stage plays a significant role in software development. Making skeleton models helps to understand the specification and requirements of the product. Design tools, as well as any other tools, should focus on User Experience. The aim of the publication is to compare tools for sketching interfaces taking into account User Experience. The main criterion for the evaluation of the tools was a test consisting in measuring the time and distance of a computer mouse during the execution of a given application sketch in 8 selected tools. Then, the respondents assessed the possibilities and experiences resulting from working in a given tool. This was supplemented by the assessment of the technical criteria. Ultimately, the best and the worst tools were selected according to the research subgroups. The level of education has been proven to influence the evaluation of interface sketch design tools.

259-278

Authors: Keshra Sangwal

Empirical data of sigmoidal-shaped y(t) growth behavior of different types of items, such as papers and citations earned by individual and all successively published papers of selected top-cited authors, germination of tomato seeds and three different bacteria, are analyzed and compared by Avrami-Weibull, Verhulst (logistic) and Gompertz functions. It was found that: (1) Avrami-Weibull function describes different types of the data better than Gompertz and Verhulst funtions, and (2), in comparison with Verhulst and Gompertz functions, Avrami-Weibull function, expressed in the form: y(t)/ymax = 1-exp[(t/Θ)q] (where ymax is the maximum value of y(t) when t→∞, and Θ and q are constants), is equally very versatile in explaining the generation rate dy(t)/dt of items in terms of its parameters Θ and q. Using the basic concepts involved in the derivation of Avrami-Weibull function for overall crystallization from melt and supersaturated solution, the growth behavior of cumulative number y(t) of items produced at time t by individual (simple) sources and collectives or groups of simple sources (i.e. complex or composite sources) is presented. Comparison of the process of receiving of citations by papers with the processes of occurrence of chemical reactions and crystallization of solid phases from melts and supersaturated solutions shows that this process is similar to that of overall crystallization of solid phases from melts and solutions. Analysis of growth of citations using Avrami-Weibull function to individual papers published by different authors shows that 1 < q < 4 for most cases. This suggests that the process of citations to individual articles is mainly determined by progressive nucleation mode involving both diffusion and integration of published knowledge.

287-294

Authors: Maciej Jeleń, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of three frameworks designed for building web applications for the Java programming language: Spring Boot 2.4.4, Micronaut 2.5.4 and Quarkus 1.13.4.Final. Test applications were prepared, equipped with the same functionality as used in the experiment consisting in measuring the server response times to a POST request – performing the data entry into the database. For each test application, the scenario aimed at measuring the time of handling requests under various load conditions was repeated five times. During each repetition of the scenario, the load which was the average number of requests sent per second by virtual users was increased. In parallel with performance tests, the reliability of the test applications was measured. Reliability was defined as the percentage of requests sent to the server that ended in a failure. The comparative analysis also took into consideration the volume of the code of the test applications based on the selected frameworks. The performed analyses showed that in terms of all the criteria considered in this work Micronaut proved to be the best framework.

303-308

Authors: Maryna Dovbnych, Małgorzata Plechawska–Wójcik

The aim of the research is to compare traditional and deep learning methods in image classification tasks. The conducted research experiment covers the analysis of five different models of neural networks: two models of multi–layer perceptron architecture: MLP with two hidden layers, MLP with three hidden layers; and three models of convolutional architecture: the three VGG blocks model, AlexNet and GoogLeNet. The models were tested on two different datasets: CIFAR–10 and MNIST and have been applied to the task of image classification. They were tested for classification performance, training speed, and the effect of the complexity of the dataset on the training outcome.

316-323

Authors: Roman Voitovych, Edyta Łukasik

This paper presents an approach to compare and classify books written in the Polish language by comparing their lexis fields. Books can be classified by their features, such as literature type, literary genre, style, author, etc. Using a preassembled dictionary and Jaccard index, we managed to prove a compact hypothesis concerning similar books. Further analysis with the PAM clustering algorithm presented a lexical connection between books of the same type or author. Overall static behaviour of similarities of any particular field on one side and some anomalous tendencies in other cases suggest that recognition of other features is possible. The method presented in this article allows drawing conclusions regarding the connection between any arbitrary books based solely on their vocabulary.

330-335

Authors: Maciej Wadas, Jakub Smołka

This paper presents the results of performance analysis of the Tensorflow library used in machine learning and deep neural networks. The analysis focuses on comparing the parameters obtained when training the neural network model for optimization algorithms: Adam, Nadam, AdaMax, AdaDelta, AdaGrad. Special attention has been paid to the differences between the training efficiency on tasks using microprocessor and graphics card. For the study, neural network models were created in order to recognise Polish handwritten characters. The results obtained showed that the most efficient algorithm is AdaMax, while the computer component used during the research only affects the training time of the neural network model used.

344-348

Authors: Kamil Jeżowski, Marcin Badurowicz

The paper describes the process of analyzing the data of the Polish community on the Twitch.tv streaming platform. The research was conducted on the basis of three issues. Separate graphs have been generated for each of the questions. The code was written in R language. Conclusions were drawn on the basis of the generated graphs.

356-361

Authors: Mariusz Śliwa, Beata Pańczyk

The article presents a comparison of the performance of three ways of implementing programming interfaces used in web applications - REST, GraphQL and gRPC. For the purposes of the research, three applications were developed, which were made in each of the indicated technologies and with the same functionalities. The applications were used for performance tests carried out with the use of the k6 tool. The applications are used to measure the execution time, performance and volume of processed data during display and adding operations. The obtained results allowed for the conclusion that the best interface in terms of performance (measured as the number of transactions per second) and server response time is REST. However, in terms of the smallest data volume, gRPC is the best choice.

367-372

Authors: Krzysztof Kuflewski, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

This paper is a comparative analysis of PHP programming frameworks - Symfony and Laravel. The analysis was conducted on two test applications prepared for this purpose, based on the latest versions of the following technologies: Symfony 5.2 and Laravel 8. Both applications, being simple auction systems, have the same set of functionalities. They were compared in terms of selected criteria. Their implementation process, software metrics, performance and amount of community support were compared. Apache jMeter was used for performance testing. With its help, tests of several operations on databases were performed. The operations were as follows: adding auctions, retrieving auction details, editing, deleting auctions, bidding on an auction and simultaneous closing 1,000 auctions. The test results for the selected criteria were significantly better for the Laravel framework based application.

378-382

Authors: Dominika Kornaś

This article presents a comparison of data storage methods available in the Android SDK. Analyzes the following information storage methods: SQLite, Room, Content Providers, SharedPreferences and DataStore. It examines the relationship between the complexity of the data structure and the cost and efficiency of data storage with the use of given methods. Presents the results of the performance test and conclusions drawn from their analysis.

165-169

Authors: Jakub Janicki, Ernest Wójcik

This article discusses topics in the field of business analysis, which is the basic element of the operation of modern organizations. The aim of this publication is to present and evaluate four selected tools for modeling business diagrams in BPMN notation. As part of the introduction to the topic, business processes were characterized, their analysis was defined, and the reader was introduced to the BPMN notation and the tested tools. The research methodology and its course were also defined. Then, the research was carried out in accordance with the adopted methodology. The conclusion of this work was the result of the research together with the analysis. Finally, the conducted experiments were summarized together with conclusions.

175-182

Authors: Albert Woś, Beata Pańczyk

This article presents the result of a comparison of selected view creation technologies in applications using the Laravel framework. Using the multi-criteria analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method the most efficient template system was selected from Blade, Twig, and Smarty. Presented template systems were used with Laravel framework to create a landing page on the basis of which the experiment was conducted.

189-196

Authors: Weronika Kulbaka, Paulina Paluch, Grzegorz Kozieł

This paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of watermarking algorithms for X-ray images. The techniques based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD) and DWT-SVD hybrid were compared. Transparency, resistance to graphical transformations, and performance were investigated. The watermarked images were visually evaluated and quality tested. SVD showed the highest resistance to attacks, and the embedded watermarked images were of better quality in the comparison to the other algorithms. The DWT technique was the fastest, but not resistant to graphical transformations. In DWT-SVD labeled images, the watermark is indistinguishable, but the resistance to attacks is low. The SVD was found to be the most suitable method for watermarking of X-ray images.

205-209

Authors: Piotr Lipski, Jarosław Kyć, Beata Pańczyk

The aim of this article is to perform a comparative analysis of the Angular v10 and Vue v3.0 frameworks. The basis of the comparison is the performance tested with two applications that are similar in terms of functionality. The view with a variable number of displayed elements was examined, and the time was measured from the moment the number of components was indicated to the end of rendering. The amount of disk space occupied by the final applications and application segments was also compared in relation to the method of implementing their functionality. The results of the research allowed to formulate the conclusions that Vue is more efficient than Angular and additionally the Vue application takes up less disk space.

217-224

Authors: Maciej Kempny, Marcin Barszcz

Navigation systems are advanced tools that allow you to create characters intelligently moving around the game world. The purpose of this thesis was to conduct a comparative analysis of the proprietary navigation system “AlchemyNavigation” and the built-in tool of the Unity engine - “NavMesh”. An proprietary application created with the Unity engine was used to conduct the research, under which identical scenarios based on the tested systems were implemented. Finally, on the basis of the collected results and documentation of the research objects, a comparative analysis was carried out and proved the thesis that own solutions can match the default solutions.

230-236

Authors: Ewa Justyna Kędziora, Grzegorz Krzysztof Maksim

The paper presents results of performance analysis of machine learning libraries. The research was based on ML.NET and TensorFlow tools. The analysis was based on a comparison of running time of the libraries, during detection of objects on sets of images, using hardware with different parameters. The library, consuming fewer hardware resources, turned out to be TensorFlow. The choice of hardware platform and the possibility of using graphic cores, affecting the increase in computational efficiency, turned out to be not without significance.

243-246

Authors: Arkadiusz Wójtowicz, Marek Miłosz

This article raises issues of online stores. An analysis of many aspects of sales platforms was carried out, such as awareness of these platforms, frequency of purchases, assessment of interface quality, intuitiveness, safety and their popularity. Allegro, Amazon, Aliexpress, Ebay and Wish were selected from the most popular online stores.. In addition, a survey conducted and properly analysed, which examines the awareness and experiences of users related to online stores. This article allowed us to draw relevant conclusions about these sales platforms and their community.

254-258

Authors: Asif Rahman Rumee

In-situ monitoring of mangrove forests is expensive, cumbersome, time consuming and error-prone, hence remote approaches are being used widely nowadays. Remote sensing using satellites, UAVs and other devices is incapable of collecting many important types of data required for processing, therefore a prototype of an IoT device is designed and built for monitoring environmental parameters of the largest mangrove forest in the world, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. The prototype is tested for a few hours in a simulated environment where the readings are updated every 2 seconds and alert notifications are received if an emergency event occurs. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed device and the feasibility of it for low cost remote monitoring of the mangrove forest.

67-74

Authors: Wojciech Łasocha, Marcin Badurowicz

The aim of the author of this article is analyze the performance of WebSocket and HTTP protocol and their comparison. For this purpose, was used equipment working in a local network consisting of server, two client computers, switch and self-created research web application. Using a test application was measured time of data transfer between clients and server as well server and clients. The tests included transmission 100-character texts in specified number of copies considering speed of hardware (laptops) and software (web browsers). Additionally, was investigated the impact of overhead and TLS encryption to performance. The obtained results have illustrated in the form of charts, discussed and appropriate conclusions drawn.

81-88

Authors: Wojciech Stasiak, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The accessibility of websites consists in ensuring the possibility of using the information posted there by all users, especially by disabled people. The aim of the study was to examine the levels of accessibility of websites of Lublin universities and compare them with the websites of two universities in Poland selected for the purpose of the study. With this aim in view, an experiment was developed, which consisted of two parts. In the first part of the experiment, a specially made original checklist was used containing questions about specific functionalities of websites corresponding to important accessibility issues. In the second part, automated tools were used to with a view to assessing the accessibility. The research material consisted of eight websites of universities from Lublin and two websites of universities from other cities in Poland that were compared in the study. Those two universities in contrast to the eight ones additionally had special sets of websites for people with disabilities. Such additional sets of websites specifically designed for the needs of people with disabilities were also included in the research. After conducting the experiment, it was possible to identify the universities which have the best and the worst websites in terms of accessibility results. Furthermore, the study revealed specific pages of these websites that were characterized by the highest and the lowest average accessibility ratings. The results of the expert analysis showed that the examined university websites do not have an attached declaration of accessibility, contain documents in the PDF format that are not accessible, often do not allow for changes of colour and do not have a mobile version.

95-99

Authors: Marcin Górski, Wojciech Andrzej Piwowarski, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The article presents a comparative analysis of popular ASP.NET Core MVC and Symfony 4 frameworks. Two web applications, containing the same functionalities and acting as a simple system for managing articles, were implemented in these technologies. The applications underwent time performance tests during typical operations performed by means of a simple form such as entering, editing, viewing and deleting data. These actions were performed automatically using commands from the Puppeteer library. The listed operations were repeated 10, 100 and 1,000 times in order to obtain precise mean times. On the basis of the obtained results, it was difficult to clearly state which of the compared programming tools is better. The ASP.NET Core MVC framework coped much better with two time-consuming operations, i.e. entering and editing data. Its results in this regard (the average from 1,000 repetitions) were respectively approximately 28% and 25% better compared to the Symphony 4 framework. However, for the two less time-consuming operations, i.e. displaying and deleting articles, the Symphony 4 framework proved to be considerably better. Its results with regard to displaying and deleting articles (the average for 1,000 measurements) were respectively 15% and 36% lower compared to the other of the tested frameworks.

107-113

Authors: Damian Gałan, Konrad Fisz, Piotr Kopniak

This publication presents a multi-criteria comparison of two mobile applications built with the use of Android and Flutter SDK. The former has been implemented with Kotlin and the latter with Dart. The benchmarking process examines factors such as execution time and CPU usage during data and disk operations. During the analysis, attention was paid to the length and volume the source code, community support and the availability of libraries. The comparative analysis shows that a mobile application written using Android SDK is often not only faster and more efficient, but also has greater community support and the number of libraries available. In addition, an analysis of the source code volume showed that Flutter has more concise but more difficult to navigate code than Android.

121-125

Authors: Marcin Grudniak, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The aim of the work was to compare two technologies for creating server applications based on the JavaScript programming language. For the purposes of the research, two test applications were created. The first one was built on the basis of the Express programming framework and the second one on the basis of the Hapi framework. The client part of both applications was prepared using the React library. The client and server parts communicated with each other by means of REST API – the universal HTTP interface. The client application sent requests to the server application which then performed basic operations on the MongoDB basis and returned the result. As part of the work, an experiment consisting of four scenarios was developed. In each scenario, a different type of data was taken into consideration: a string of characters, an array, an object and an array of objects. The research focused on the efficiency aspect – measuring the response time of requests during GET, POST, PUT and DELETE operations. The tests were performed on two computers and the measurements were made in two ways: using a single code embedded in test applications and using the Postman tool. The obtained results, after averaging and analyzing them allowed for the conclusion that the Express framework proved to be more efficient than Hapi due to the shorter response time of requests. Only in the scenario where operations with large datasets were performed was the response time of requests at a similar level.

132-143

Authors: Łukasz Rutkowski, Piotr Kopniak

This paper analyzes possibility of using open-source tools to compile iOS frameworks in Linux operating system. The purpose of this analysis was to determine how compilation in Linux could be performed and identify possible limita- tions when using LLVM compiler. The analysis has been performed on own frameworks written using Objective-C and Swift languages containing graphic and text files in different formats and sizes. Results of the analysis show that compi- lation of iOS frameworks under Linux operating system is possible unless the compiler frameworks use interface com- ponents written in xib format for which there are no compilation tools available on Linux operating system.

144-150

Authors: Dmytro Salahor, Jakub Smołka

Classification of work’s subject area by keywords is an actual and important task. This article describes algorithms for classifying keywords by subject area. A model was developed using both algorithms and tested on test data. The results were compared with the results of other existing algorithms suitable for this tasks. The obtained results of the model were analysed. This algorithm can be used in real-life tasks.

159-164

Authors: Michał Błaszczyk, Marek Pucek, Piotr Kopniak

There are many frameworks available in the IT environment that differ in performance, security, complexity, and speed. The user who wants to start working with the selected framework should know whether it will meet the architectural requirements and business assumptions. The aim of this work is to compare the performance and complexity of web applications built using different lightweight frameworks for the Java language. Spring Boot, Micronaut, Quarkus and Javalin frameworks will be compared. At the beginning of the work, the main problems related to the creation of modern applications were discussed. In the following sections, basic analysis of the complexity of the syntax and conventions of the selected skeletons was performed. Then, experiments were conducted to compare performance - response and build times and memory consumption during application development and use. A wide cross-section of efficiency has been obtained in selected lightweight framework usages. The prepared comparison can be used to select the appropriate framework for the project.