Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

1-6

Authors: Dawid Majdanik, Adrian Madoń, Tomasz Szymczyk

This article is devoted to the comparison of the effectiveness of solutions used in automatic testing of web applications. In order to carry out the analysis, test scenarios were created and tests were carried out using each of the tested programming frameworks (Selenium WebDriver, Cucumber, Ranorex, Robot Framework, Cypress, Unified Functional Testing, TestComplete and Katalon Studio). The study showed that there is no single best tool that meets all the requirements. Taking into account the analyzed aspects of effectiveness, the TestComplete program was the best, however, when choosing a solution, the team's skills and project specification should be taken into account.

15-21

Authors: Piotr Mieszawski, Tomasz Szymczyk

The subject of this work is to evaluate the precision of the Kinect controller operation. Research study was performed and a measuring stand have been prepared. Then an application was created that captures the user's throw gesture and simulates the flight of a virtual ball. Based on this, measurements were made to determine the difference between hand movement and it’s detection by the application, and differences among throw made in real life and in VR. The analysis of these results allowed the accuracy of the controller to be assessed.

30-36

Authors: Vladyslav Shkuta, Marek Miłosz

This article describes the methods, approaches and technologies of information systems integration, compares the functionality of the selected tools for information systems integration from a selected point of view. In this case, it is an evaluation of the ability to perform the main functions of the Enterprice Service Bus and the resulting benefits.

42-48

Authors: Bartosz Miłosierny, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The subject of the research was the comparative analysis of three frameworks for building web applications, i.e. Express, Hapi and Koa, operating in the Node.js ecosystem. An experiment was prepared consisting of a number of scenarios, during which the server response times to incoming requests from the client were measured. As part of the work, server test applications handling HTTP requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) performing typical data operations were implemented. The applications contained the same functionalities and were built using the three tested frameworks. In individual scenarios, 1000 requests of a given type were sent from independent clients, the times of successive responses were measured and their averages were calculated. On the basis of the obtained results, Hapi and Koa frameworks for GET, POST, PUT, DELETE requests, operating on one object or a string "Hello World!" have achieved the best, although very similar, response times. In the case of the GET request, the Koa framework proved to be the best for higher loads, achieving response times approximately 20% better than the Express framework. For high loads, the Hapi framework achieved the worst results, reaching over 2 times longer response times than the Koa framework.

55-60

Authors: Jakub Machowski, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The Raspberry Pi is a computer platform that is widely used in education, has a very large community and extensive documentation. Therefore, it can be a good and cheap alternative to a traditional computer, a TV streaming device or a console for less demanding games. In the case of observing a lower efficiency of the microcomputer, one of many possibilities of improvement, which this device offers is overclocking the processor. It is associated with a proper selection of parameters (voltage, clocking) and software in order to achieve the highest possible performance of the dedicated Raspbian system. However, increasing the work efficiency causes the temperature rise up to the limit values. Therefore, an appropriate, i.e. effective, kind of cooling should be applied. Taking all these circumstances into account, an experiment was developed in which temperature measurements were taken during the maximum processor load on all cores at the clock setting that enabled reaching the highest performance. During the research three cases were considered: without the use of cooling, with passive cooling and with active cooling. The results showed that only the use of active cooling clearly improves the operating conditions of the device, due to lowering the temperature by about 16°C compared to the situation without cooling or with the use of a passive radiator.

326-331

Authors: Kamil Siebyła, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska

There are various methods for creating web applications. Each of these methods has different levels of performance. This factor is measurable at every level of the application. The performance of the frontend layer depends on the response time from individual endpoint of the used API (Application Programming Interface). The way the data access will be programmed at a specific endpoint, therefore, determines the performance of the entire application. There are many programming methods that are often time-consuming to implement. This article presents a comparison of the available methods of handling the persistence layer in relation to the efficiency of their implementation.

339-344

Authors: Damian Gromek, Dariusz Gutek

This article compares and discusses the programming skeletons for automatic tests. Two test skeletons have been selected for testing purposes and then a test environment has been installed and configured, in which appropriate test scenarios have been prepared. Once the test environment has been properly prepared, measurements of the time to launch both frameworks were performed. The results obtained were shown in the form of tables and charts for later analysis. The frameworks were also analyzed in terms of syntax and functionality. At the end, a summary was presented, containing more information and conclusions that resulted from the analysis.

351-357

Authors: Agata Kołtun, Beata Pańczyk

Recent years have brought the rise of importance of quality of developed software. Web applications should be functional, user friendly as also efficient. There are many tools available on the market for testing the performance of web applications. To help you choose the right tool, the article compares three of them: Apache JMeter, LoadNinja and Gatling. They were analyzed in terms of a user-friendly interface, parameterization of the requests and creation of own testing scripts. The research was carried out using a specially prepared application. The summary indicates the most important advantages and disadvantages of the selected tools.

365-372

Authors: Przemysław Suszek, Tomasz Szymczyk

This work concerns the design, creation and testing of popular microcontrollers from the Arduino family, and other selected ones, compatible with the Arduino Software (IDE). The purpose of the tests was to conduct a comparative analysis of selected devices in terms of various aspects of their operation. The following features were thoroughly ana-lyzed: the speed of calculations, heat generation by the device, quality of the received Wi-Fi signal (for those devices that have this module), and the general evaluation of the microcontroller, resulting from selected features of its specifi-cations.

379-383

Authors: Sylwia Duda, Dominik Fijałek, Grzegorz Kozieł

The article is devoted to the analysis of watermarking algorithms in terms of their use in marking medical images. The algorithms based on the Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) were compared. The algorithms were implemented using the combinations: IWT, IWT-DCT, and IWT-SVD. As part of the research, the level of disturbances caused by embedding the watermark was checked using subjective and objective methods. The attack resistance of the watermarked images was tested and the steganographic capacity was measured. All algorithms are based on IWT, however, each has different advantages. The algorithm based on the IWT showed the highest capacity. The most resistant to attacks is IWT-SVD, and the lowest level of interference was obtained for the IWT-DCT algorithm.

390-395

Authors: Babatunde Abdulrauph Olarenwaju, Igboeli Uchenna Harrison

COVID-19 has stamped an indelible mark in the history of humanity as one of the recorded deadly virus that has wiped out millions of lives on planet earth many whose exact cause of death cannot be account for due to lack of knowledge. It has become a household name in every nook and cranny from developed to the underdeveloped nations of the world. Most of the prominent signs of COVID-19 like fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and accessional muscle pain can also resemble those of many other notable diseases thereby making it highly necessary to undergo a diagnostic test to be able to categorically identify COVID-19 patients. The use of medical diagnostic tests can also help determine patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Various studies abound with researchers trying to predict and even forecast the level of damage and disruption of economic activities this may have brought to almost every nation of the world. This research attempts to find out the nature of the spread of the virus using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The essence is to ascertain the exact model to use in forecasting the future occurrence of the pandemic especially at this stage where the second wave of the pandemic is in view. The study found that both linear and nonlinear predictions models can fit the trend of the virus in Nigeria with ARIMA producing results of over 97% on a 120-day period while ANN produced results of about 98.01% in some states. We conclude that future waves of the virus in addition to other epidemics of this nature can be predicted with high degree of accuracy with ARIMA or ANN.

401-404

Authors: Błażej Łach, Edyta Łukasik

Machine learning requires a human description of the data. The manual dataset description is very time consuming. In this article was examined how the model learns from artificially created images, with the least human participation in describing the data. It was checked how the model learned on artificially produced images with augmentations and progressive image size. The model has achieve up to 3.35 higher mean average precision on syntetic dataset in the training with increasing images resolution. Augmentations improved the quality of detection on real photos. The production of artificially generated training data has a great impact on the acceleration of prepare training, because it does not require as much human resources as normal learning process.

412-416

Authors: Michał Tomecki

Computer games have come a long way since their inception using increasingly advanced graphics. With so many models present on the screen at the same time, simplified models are needed that will be replaced when they are further away from the camera in the game. The aim of the study was to compare the tool for automatic generation of model detail levels in Unity and Unreal Engine. The article presents the results of the equipment load test and the time needed for generation, as well as a survey checking the opinion of people.

421-427

Authors: Jakub bis, Magda Kojro

The problem of movement is very important in the context of logistic management, which has been gaining importance in recent years with the increasing phenomenon of people moving to large urban agglomerations. The article presents the transport preferences of employees and students the Lublin University of Technology. IT tools were used for the analysis, such as the Analysis ToolPak add-on and PowerMap in Microsoft Excel.

219-226

Authors: Grzegorz Bujnowski, Jakub Smołka

This paper discusses the issue of comparing Java and Kotlin technologies based on the web application framework. The criteria taken into account for testing purposes are: execution time, memory usage, CPU load, database response in set time. A series of tests and their in-depth comparative analysis are carried out. For this case, tests and code analysis were carried out to draw comparative conclusions. The performance in terms of web frameworks, database response speed and tests implementation in different languages - in all these Kotlin proved to be less efficient. There is no significant difference between CPU load between individual easurements, the difference does not exceed 2%. Implementation in the Kotlin language has never achieved the best result in any group of measurements.

233-240

Authors: Łukasz Gałka, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The aim of the article was to analyze selected methods of creating artificial intelligence in a popular card game. Two experiments were conducted: with a human and with a computer. The following algorithms were analyzed: random, min-max, based on a neural network, statistical and statistical with the use of "cheating" technique. The examined parameters were as follows: efficiency, execution time, number of implementation code lines, implementation time and training duration. The indicator with the greatest impact on the selection of the most optimal method was efficiency. The research has shown no difference in efficiency for the neural network-based algorithm and the statistical algorithm. In other cases, the differences in this feature were significant. The use of the "cheating" technique has increased the efficiency.

247-251

Authors: Piotr Krasowski, Jakub Smołka

In recent years multithreaded processing has become a important programming aspect. Computers with a multi-core processor are now widely available, enabling the creation of more efficient applications. Many libraries support multithreaded solutions, but performance information is often lacking. The use of appropriate data structures and algorithms significantly speeds up the process of creation and development of applications. Article describes selected elements of the Qt and STL library and compares their performance in concurrent programming. The time needed to perform individual operations was analysed.

261-268

Authors: Patryk Zamościński, Grzegorz Kozieł

Subject of security the most popular CMS platforms has been undertaken in the following thesis. There were introduced fundamental informations about subject CMS platforms and vulnerability scanners utilised to research. For research purposes Wordpress and Joomla websites were created and investigated for security by vulnerability scanners OWASP ZAP, Vega, Detectify and Skipfish. Results were grouped by some criteria: vulnerabilities by category and vulnerabilities by threat level. Obtained results were examined in two ways: analysis of residual results, for each website scanning and analysis of aggregated results from all scanners. After that, conclusions about CMS platforms security have been drawn.

274-278

Authors: Mykhailo Kuzyk, Elżbieta Miłosz

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of selected IT tools supporting the management of a distributed IT team in companies from the IT sector. The research was carried out using two methods: scientific experiment (implementation of a test project in the tested tools) and comparative analysis (assessment of tools from the side of management and contractors of a distributed team according to the proposed criteria). The research results were aimed at choosing the best solutions that could be implemented to manage a distributed team in IT sector companies.

285-292

Authors: Krzysztof Drzazga, Marcin Bobel, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska

This article is devoted to the comparison of two object-relational mapping systems supported by .NET platform - Entity Framework Core and NHibernate. The research hypothesis “framework NHibernate is more efficient than Entity Framework Core in the context of DML operations” was put forward. In order to make an efficiency analysis of ORM frameworks, a desktop application was designed and implemented to enable testing and visualization of results. The NHibernate framework turned out to be much more efficient than Entity Framework Core in single tests and slightly faster in bulk tests. The stability of both frameworks was similar.

300-304

Authors: Przemysław Koter

JSON parser, that has been developed, is made of two modules, each dedicated to process structure of either an object or an array. In both modules, building step of document model, that represents its structure, is combined with tokenization step. Design and development of algorithm is aimed at improving speed of parsing of documents.

309-316

Authors: Mateusz Mikuła, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

The aim of the study was to compare the performance of two data exchange styles commonly used in web applications, i.e. REST and GraphQL. For the purposes of the study two test applications were developed containing the same functionalities, one of which was REST and the other one was GraphQL. They were used for performance tests done with the help of the JMeter tool, during which measurements of the total processing time of requests and the volume of data downloaded and sent were performed. An experiment was developed that tested the basic operations found in most network services: display, add, update, and delete data. The most attention was devoted to the information display operation in the case of which load tests were done. On the basis of performed studies and obtained results, no differences in performance during the operation of adding, editing and deleting data by applications based on REST API and GraphQL were found. During the display operation under heavy load conditions and while downloading small portions of data, the service using GraphQL had a better performance. When downloading large portions of data, the REST-based service exhibited a higher performance.

109-113

Authors: Bernadetta Michalik, Marek Miłosz

Artificial neural networks consist of many simple elements capable of processing data. These are tools inspired by the construction of the human brain, used in machine learning. The aim of the research was to analyze the occuracy of the created neural network in the process of handwriting recognition. The article presents the results obtained during the learning and testing of a convolution network with a different number of hidden layers. Each time learning and testing the network was carried out using the same set of images (taken from the publicly available IAM database) depicting handwritten words in English.

121-125

Authors: Dmytro Malenko

Most multi-user applications need an access system so that users can log in from different devices. To identify a user, at least one authentication method must be used. The article presents a comparison of the authentication method using NFC technology with other methods that are available for Android devices and differ in both implementation and specific usage.

133-138

Authors: Dominik Klej

The following article focuses on ilustrating the content of the master thesis with the same title. The methodology of developed by author digital indicator will be presented, as well as the results and conclusions based on the comparative analysis. The research concerns the comparative analysis between digital services in Poland, Japan and China, based on the IDI, WDC and ITC digital indicators. The analysis is based on publicly available data of digitization.

143-149

Authors: Mateusz Wlaź, Grzegorz Kozieł

The research work presents the study of the quality of telecommunications and satellite signals. For this purpose, a proprietary application for mobile devices has been designed, which allowed the collection data. The tests were performed on several models of cell phones and for different operators. The test checked the impact of such things as weather conditions, device architecture, device age, type of terrain. Based on the results, heat maps were created to visualize the research.

156-163

Authors: Agnieszka Dorota Wac, Tomasz Kamil Watras, Grzegorz Kozieł

The article presents a comparative analysis of tools supporting the production of automated tests for specific test scenarios. Within the framework of the research, the described tools were installed and then their functionalities were described. Using each of the tools, author's automatic tests were written and performed. The tool discussion was examined both in terms of the process of creating the tests and the speed of their execution. In addition, the selected tools were evaluated and subjective evaluations of the comfort of using the tool were taken into account, taking into account aspects such as the ease of installation and configuration of the tool, the need for programming skills, the simplicity of creating tests, additional functionalities and access to documentation. The summary includes the evaluation of the compared applications, and also discusses specific cases for which the tool will work better.

168-171

Authors: Andriy Dragni, Tomasz Szymczyk

This work presents the results research on interfaces enabling navigation in virtual reality. An original program presenting a typical museum gallery has been written. It implemented a number of different moving scenarios. The paper analyzes which of these methods is best for the user. The optimal speed was tested and determined, using the user feels comfortable and does not lose the sense of control over the program.

178-183

Authors: Michał Jusięga, Mariusz Dzieńkowski

This article is about research during which selected versions of the Symfony programming framework were compared in terms of their performance. The following versions of the framework were analysed: 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 LTS, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 LTS. For the purpose of the research, a simple test application in PHP was developed in ten variants corresponding to selected versions of the framework and consisting of 17 fragments of code – methods in the class, each of which operates on one basic component of Symfony. The application prepared in this manner was subject to performance tests in a two-stage experiment. After the experiment, the quantitative analyses were conducted in which the following aspects were taken into consideration: the average values of execution times and the average amounts of memory usage for specific code fragments for individual versions of the Symfony framework components and the average time of execution and demand for memory for the entire tested application. The obtained results for each code fragment representing a given component were visualized in the forms of graphs. The performed analyses showed that the best version of the Symfony programming framework in terms of performance is version 4.1.

189-195

Authors: Katarzyna Buszewicz

This article presents the results of a literature study related to the construction and operation of Java Virtual Machine, as well as performance tests of selected languages using the aforementioned runtime environment on the example of Java, Scala and Kotlin. Performance testing was carried out using two applications built using the Apache Maven archetype with the built-in Java Microbenchmark Harness library.

202-205

Authors: Monika Kaczorowska

The research paper contains a review and analysis of common programming mistakes made by first and second year students of Computer Science. The data were collected during the courses entitled “Algorithmics and Data Structures” and “Numerical Methods”, where students have to write programs in the C++ language. The article includes examples of three selected mistake types. A comparison of mistakes made by first and second year students is presented. The analysis carried out shows that the percentage of mistakes made decreases when the students are in the second year, but three types of mistakes demonstrate the opposite trend. It can be concluded that those three types of mistakes are related to the course of Numerical Methods, where students have to deal with a significant amount of mathematical expressions. The results show that the students have the most significant problems with memory management.

214-218

Authors: Martyna Wawrzyk

The paper is focused on application of the clustering algorithm and Decision Tress classifier (DTs) as a semi-supervised method for the task of cognitive workload level classification. The analyzed data were collected during examination of Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) with use of eye-tracker device. 26 participants took part in examination as volunteers. There were conducted three parts of DSST test with different levels of difficulty. As a results there were obtained three versions of data: low, middle and high level of cognitive workload. The case study covered clustering of collected data by using k-means algorithm to detect three clusters or more. The obtained clusters were evaluated by three internal indices to measure the quality of clustering. The David-Boudin index detected the best results in case of four clusters. Based on this information it is possible to formulate the hypothesis of the existence of four clusters. The obtained clusters were adopted as classes in supervised learning and have been subjected to classification. The DTs was applied in classification. There were obtained the 0.85 mean accuracy for three-class classification and 0.73 mean accuracy for four-class classification.

1-7

Authors: Katarzyna Krocz, Oleksandra Kizun, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska

This article will compare the performance of relational databases MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB and H2. The speed of executing will be tested on simple and more complex SQL queries. The tests results will show which database is more efficient.

14-18

Authors: Marek Szmit, Paweł Wojtaszko, Grzegorz Kozieł

Foreign languages learning is becoming more and more popular. A lot of people decides to start learning but in many cases some barriers exist. In small towns or villages there are no qualified teachers. This problem can be solved by remote teaching. Last time it is a popular method to make language lessons via voice communicators. Such a method should be supported by another tool to send tasks to do to students or to examine them. A portal to support learning foreign languages and to ensure communication between teacher and students was created by authors. The goal of the paper is to present its capabilities and to verify its usefulness.

26-30

Authors: Michał Pasztaleniec, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska

The article presents a comparison of two technologies for creating desktop applications based on C#. The analysis conserns the use of the processor, RAM and time of the operation was carried out on the technologies of Windows Presentation Foundation and Windows Forms. The research use applications with the same functionality in both technologies. The comparative analysis took into account the times of operations and application performance.

37-42

Authors: Artur Całuch, Adam Cieślikowski, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik

This article presents the process of adapting support vector machine model’s parameters used for studying the effect of traffic light cycle length parameter’s value on traffic quality. The survey is carried out using data collected during running simulations in author’s traffic simulator. The article shows results of searching for optimum traffic light cycle length parameter’s value.

48-54

Authors: Paweł Stręciwilk, Grzegorz Kozieł

Instant Messengers, though being around for decades, only in recent years they have managed to gain much more popularity. Today, they are the most common way of communicating, especially among young people. However, where information is being transferred there is a potential risk of it being intercepted, manipulated or disrupted. Thus, Security of Instant Messengers became a matter of high importance comprising of not only protecting the users’ sensitive information but also privacy. Also important is the awareness of the users. Are they aware of the dangers that come with directing sensitive information in this manner? Are they taking the necessary steps to shield themselves from breach attempts? This article was written to present and evaluate the awareness of IT students in the field of instant messengers security.

59-64

Authors: Roman Baida, Maksym Andriienko, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik

The aim of the paper is to compare the performance of popular JavaScript frameworks Angular and Vue.js in the context of game development. The comparative criteria are as follows: time of data exchanging with server and rendering of various application components, memory consumption during refreshing the current game information and restoring the user to the current game, browser load level and size of the final application files. The test results show that the Vue.js framework is more efficient.

73-77

Authors: Krzysztof Boczkowski, Beata Pańczyk

The article analyses the performance of currently used tools for creating a SPA application interface. The study was conducted using two applications with the same functionality, implemented in React and Vue.js. The tools available in web browsers and appropriate implementations of own methods were used to measure SPA performance.

82-87

Authors: Yehor Timanovskyi, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik

The article presents analysis of the performance of selected tools to build a Single Page Application. Chrome browser with DevTools tool was used to evaluate the performance of the test application. The total number of all tests was 112. As part of the study, a test application was created using different JavaScript frameworks - the Angular framework and the Vue.js framework.

94-100

Authors: Katarzyna Lachewicz

The main purpose of this article is to check which database: MySQL, MS SQL, PostgerSQL is the most efficient for Internet applications. This work contains information about the databases used, but the most important part of this article is database performance research. They are based on an application whose main task was database queries. The program was created based on new technologies, such as the Spring framework, the Hibernate library and JDBC Interface.