European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

9-15

Authors: TV Rajesh, M Kumar, Chel Jong Choi, E Fortunato, S Uthanna and SV Jagadeesh Chandra

Hafnium oxide mixed tantalum oxide (HTO) and Zirconium oxide mixed tantalum oxide (ZTO) layers were deposited on chemically cleaned p-Si substrate using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The oxide/Si stacks were annealed in oxygen for 30 minutes at 400 °C as on initial investigation. Both composition and structural properties were absolutely interesting to move further for electrical measurements. In continuation, metal-oxide-semiconductor devices were fabricated with aluminum gate electrode. ZTO devices showed attractive dielectric and electrical properties, relatively when compare with HTO devices, it could be due to the electrical, chemical and thermal properties of ZTO layer with Si, resulting good interface at ZTO/Si stack.

21-43

Authors: Shalini Chaudhary, Vinod Kumar Nirala, Sanjay Singh, Pankaj Punia and Dheeraj Kumar­­­­­

Frequency filters are linear electric circuits that are used in wide area of electronics. They are also the basic building blocks in analogue signal processing. In the last decade, a huge number of active building blocks for analogue signal processing were introduced. However, there is still the need to develop new active elements that offer new possibilities and better parameters. The current, voltage or mixed-mode analog circuits and their various aspects are discussed in the Paper. This work reflects the trend of low-power (LP) low-voltage (LV) circuits for portable electronic and mobile communication systems and the problems of their design. The need for high performance LV circuits encourages the analog designers to look for new circuit Architectures and new LV techniques. This paper presents a high-performance current differencing transconductance Amplifier (CDTA), a recently reported active element, especially suitable for analog signal processing applications. A high linearity CMOS configuration for a CDTA is made up of high linearity input and output stages. It is a resistor less circuit, so it is beneficial to IC implementation in terms of space consideration. The circuit is a second order single input multiple output (SIMO) current-mode filter. This filter can simultaneously realize all basic filter functions high pass, low pass and band pass Responses without any component-matching conditions. All the active and passive sensitivities are low presents a voltage-mode universal filter using a CDTA. It has two inputs and one output. The circuit can simultaneously realize low-pass, band pass, and high pass, band reject and all pass filter functions without changing the circuit topology and passive elements. A voltage-mode Oscillator using CDTA is presented, in which Oscillator has high input impedance and employs four active elements, two grounded capacitors and there is no resistor. Based on the generalized description of the structure various solutions are presented and compared. Universal filter, Adder, Integrator, Second order butterworth filter these circuits are designed in Tanner tool and all results are verified with the help of T Spices imulation results are Included to verify and demonstrate the feasibility of the Oscillator. All the simulation Results using a TSMC 0.35-μm CMOS process model were included to verify the Expected values.

49-53

Authors: Rashmi AS, Vangara Namratha and P Sahithi

In ever growing populated world there is no enough space to accommodate the remains of the deceased, so the concept of capsula mundi has been developed by Italian designers Anna Cielli and Raoul Bretzel. Capsula mundi is an organic burial pod made of natural starch plastic in which body of deceased is placed in foetal position that nurture tree seeds as the body break downs. The natural decomposition process feeds the tree above, and over time, burial spaces can be transformed from bleak graveyards into inhabited memorial forests. As the burial space grows and more trees are added, the area transforms into sacred woodland, bodies are returned to the natural world from which they came, and barren land can be reforested. This is just a conceptual design right now as burial legislation is being revisited around the world, but hopefully in the near future it can turn to reality. Biodegradable burial pods could save our planet, as they are the ultimate eco-friendly statement. The release of various nutrients and its uptake by the plant for its growth and metabolism is discussed with some information on biodegradable materials that can be used for the designing of the capsula.

65-76

Authors: Bindeshwar Singh, Deependra Singh, and Ashok Kumar

This paper presents the enhancements of PQ parameters such as voltage profile (voltage swell, voltage sag, harmonics, etc.) in Distribution power system by Distributed Generation (DGs) using exhaustive search method. This article is very much useful for researchers, scientific engineers and industrial persons in conjunction with improvements of PQ parameters in distribution systems by DGs exhaustive search method. The investigation of proposed methodology tested on IEEE37 bus distribution power systems.

82-86

Authors: Anu Nair P, Saju Elias and Vincy John

This paper deals with the use of an Exhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR) system on a given Spark Ignition engine for studying the performance and emission characteristics. For various openings of EGR-Valve, experiments are carried out on a set of loads varying from 0 to 15 percent of engine loads at a cruising speed of 3500rpm. The results when compared with those obtained from the same engine without EGR system, show nearly a 10 percent fuel savings when 4.8 percent of exhaust gas was recirculated. Also, fall in engine friction by 8% leads to a marginal 2% improvement in engine power. The exhaust gas emission contents like carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons are reduced from 5.3 percent and 1530 parts per million to 3.21 percent and 640parts per million respectively for the above position of the EGR valve. An energy conservation study using neat ethanol as a fuel to replace gasoline shows a remarkable reduction of engine emission by three and half times with respect to the above emission values. In other words, EGR system for gasoline operation and neat ethanol (without EGR) as an eco-friendly substitute to gasoline fuel curtail engine emissions by 40 to 50 per cent.

95-99

Authors: Rakshit Ameta, Sanyogita Sharma, Shweta Sharma and Yogesh Gorana

Environmental pollution is a big problem, which we all are facing today. Out of which, water pollution is a major problem. Different technologies of advanced oxidation processes are playing important role in solving this problem. Photocatalysis, which is an important part of advanced oxidation process, is considered as a promising technology for waste water treatment. In the present investigation, the photocatalytic degradation of toluidine blue-O (TB) has been studied using molybdenum doped titanium dioxide. The progress of the reaction was observed spectrophotometrically. The conditions for optimum degradation rate of the dye were achieved. It was observed that degradation of the dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics.

10-17

Authors: Vijayakumar and Chithirai Pon Selvan M

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a very important component of the global carbon cycle, and the fate of SOC will have an important impact on the future global climate. Moreover healthy soils are not only more productive from an agricultural point of view, but they also provide other key ecosystem services. Maintaining a healthy level of SOC is essential to maintain or improve soil health and is explicitly mentioned in Global environmental facility strategy documents. Two thousand five hundred ninety surface soil samples from the entire 232257 ha. area which covers fifteen soil series of Nagapattinam district, Tamilnadu, India were analyzed to know the strength and mapping of soil organic pool. The standard procedure was used for the analysis. This study showed that Kutthalam taluk soils ranged between 0.20 and 0.26% with an average value of 0.23%, Mayiladuthurai taluk soil: min 0.14% max 0.49% with the mean value of 0.29%, Kilvelur taluk soils: min 0.29% max 0.57% mean value of 0.39%, Vedaranyam taluk: ranged between 0.21 and 0.37% with an average value of 0.28%, Nagapattinam taluk: ranged from 0.16% to 0.49% mean- 0.29%. Sirkali taluk soils: from 0.23% to 0.67% mean value - 0.43%, Tharangampadi Taluk OC level was ranged between 0.30% and 4.56% with the mean value of 1.51% and Thirukkuvalai taluk was varied from 0.19% to 0.65% with the mean value of 0.36%. The area where the OC pool is low, medium and high is identified, nutrient index calculated and mapped. The results of present study about organic carbon (OC) of Nagapattinam district revealed that the range was 0.14 to 4.56 % with the mean value of 0.47%. The low content organic carbon was 100% in Kutthalam, 83.58% in Mayiladuthurai taluk, 53.70% in Kilvelur taluk, 100% in Vedaranyam taluk, 90.59% in Nagapattinam taluk, 28.72% in Sirkali, 15.71%in Tharangampadi and 62.86% in Thirukkuvalai. Out of 232257 ha. area of Nagapattinam District, 152584.5 ha area under low level, 67392.7 ha. area under medium level and 12279.8 ha area has sufficient quantity of OC. 66.9% of this district under low level of OC. The inappropriate land use and mismanagement practices including natural calamity are the reason for the depletion and the land users are urged to adapt with best land use practices to reclaim SOC pool in the soil.

23-28

Authors: Prafulla Kumar Panda

Floodplains are land areas adjacent to rivers and streams that are subject to recurring inundation. Owing to their continually changing nature, floodplains and other flood-prone areas need to be examined in the light of how they might affect or be affected by development A Floodplain is the normally dry land area adjoining river or stream that is inundated during flood events. The most common reason for flooding could be overtopping of river or stream due to heavy downfall. The floodplain carries flow in excess of the river or stream capacity. Flood frequency and flood water-surface elevations are the crucial components for the evaluation of flood hazard. This Review paper presents the recent methodology that incorporates advanced technologies for hydrologic and hydraulic analyses that are needed to be carried out to predict the flood water-surface elevations for any ungagged watershed.

33-37

Authors: Biswajit Sarma and Srishti Dasgupta

A buffer is a sequential section of memory allocated to contain anything from a character string to an array of integers. A buffer overflow or buffer overrun occurs when more data is put into a fixed-length buffer than that the buffer can handle. Adjacent memory space becomes overwritten and corrupted. In computer security and programming, a buffer overflow, or buffer overrun, is an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer's boundary and overwrites adjacent memory. This is a special case of violation of memory safety. A buffer overflow is a common software coding mistake. This paper discusses certain issues about buffer overflow from the very basic and its details in the system.

43-47

Authors: Ishandeep Singh and Rinkesh Mittal

A IRIS recognition system provides automatic identification of an individual based on a unique iris feature. Iris recognition is considered as one of the most unique and exact biometric recognition system. In this paper, we implement a new technique for the development of Iris Recognition System, additionally results has been analyzed and compared with other researches work. We use the reverse biorthogonal 2-D wavelet transform in order to extract the most deterministic patterns in a human’s iris and forms of a feature vector. the quantized vectors compared using the Hamming Distance, and with the proposed approach we have achieved a recognition rate 99.92% with the equal error rate 0.09% which is highest recognition rate ever being achieved in the era.

56-61

Authors: Jasneet Chawla and Ashima Singh

Component based software engineering has become a modern approach for software development. It is a multifaceted approach in complex scenarios that focuses on “develop once reuse multiple times” methodology. As per user requirements, the components from repository are selected and integrated to develop software. It helps developers to deliver high quality softwares within a less amount of time and cost with less effort. Component based softwares are based on modular approach that provides the benefit of easy scalability and flexibility of the software. But along with this advantage comes the disadvantages too. Adding more components may result in performance degradation in terms of responsiveness, throughput, bandwidth as well as incompatibility problems in terms of resource requirement. This research paper propose to identify the non participating components of a component based software like excessive graphics , unnecessary animations and other optional components and deactivating them for that time to increase compatibility and optimize the system for best performance. By using the case study of Windows XP as reference, we successfully demonstrated that a component based software that has higher system requirements can run smoothly on a lower configured system by identifying and disabling the non participating sub-components. We successfully achieve up to 27.43% increase in performance by this method.

66-69

Authors: Sunil Pal and RP Rajoria

The purpose of this paper is to reduce the machining time of a crankshaft machined in a small scale industry where most of the work is done manually. The systematic stop watch time study is applied in the methodology on various processes of operation performed in the machining unit and total time is calculated thoroughly. Better utilization of man power, decreasing lead time, reduction in cost of component by implementing the observed solutions in the running process.

76-81

Authors: Sanwar Mal Yadav and Vikas Gupta

This article proposed a new single switch control based single phase inverter using dynamic evolution controller. Single switch control technique reduces the losses which is occurs during switching operation of an inverter and also minimize the cooling equipment cost for control switches. An inverter is a non-linear time invariant system; hence DEC makes it suitable, robust, large range over conventional control methods by its simplicity. In this paper, DEC simulates in MATLAB on single phase inverter for resistive, inductive and capacitive load by single switch control or varies the dc voltage according the required output voltage of inverter. Harmonics is also compared with IEEE519 harmonics standard.

10-13

Authors: Vivekanand Sharma, Sandeep Kumar, Sanjay Singh, and Faiz Ali

In this paper, design of compact Microstrip patch antenna using parasitic technique for line of sight communication is proposed, having hexagonal shape ground plane. The proposed antenna has slots in the patch to achieve wideband. The antenna model is simulated using Finite element method at the frequency 4.65 GHz to 5.25 GHz. The antenna design demonstrates desirable features for wireless communication.

20-23

Authors: Amit Kumar Malik and VK Gorana

In this paper, the effect of tool rake, tool shape, tool radius and tool material on the cutting forces was investigated when machining mild steel work piece material. The machining tests were carried out on a shaper. For cutting force measurement, a test setup that was designed and constructed for cutting force measurement was used. The beam type load cells were used to construct the setup and cutting force measurement readings were recorded on a computer during the tests. The MINITAB15 software is used to draw main effect plots and interaction plots between parameters. In the measurement of the cutting forces, elastic defections of the cutting tool due to the cutting forces were measured by means of the load cells located suitable position on the cutting tool .The effect of process parameters like feed, cutting speed, depth of cut, tool material, tool shape and tool geometry is seen on the cutting forces.

29-36

Authors: Moina Arora and Satbir Singh

Turbo codes are widely used in satellite communication and 3G services. These are the major area of research in these days. Turbo codes are the forward error correcting codes that has made the near Shannon limit performance possible when suboptimal iterative decoding algorithms are used. The classical turbo encoder is built by using two recursive convolution encoders separated by an interleaver. In this paper we have implemented a system in which data is first encoded using turbo encoder and then using AWGN channel it is transferred to decoder where it is decoded using iterative soft input soft output decoder and the performance of the decoder with respect to the number of iterations has been discussed in the result section of this paper. Also, how the bit error rate changes with respect to the number of iteration is been discussed.

43-46

Authors: P Ashkarali, S Sreenath, RK Raj and CK Aanandan

Asymmetric coplanar strip fed pattern reconfigurable antenna is presented. An asymmetric coplanar strip feed line is introduced for the first time to design a simple pattern reconfigurable antenna. The antenna consists of two arms placed orthogonally on an asymmetric coplanar strip feed line. Omni directional reconfigurable pattern is attained by alternately switching the radiating arms. A prototype of the antenna is developed and tested, the simulated and experimental results are compared and are found to be in good agreement. The antenna is suitable for different wireless applications in the 2.4GHz band.

56-61

Authors: D Vimalakeerthy

For the past years DC motors are widely used in industries. There mainly preferred due to the fact that they offer good speed controllability. Most of the applications require precise speed control and accurate dynamic performance. A normal DC motor available in the market can not satisfy the requirement of the industry due to the problem of torque controllability. Hence in order to improve the dynamic response of the DC motors controllers are introduced. In this paper the actual timer response of the DC motor is experimentally determined using the transfer function and the time response analysis is done by the introduction of different types of controllers. From the analysis an efficient controller is proposed. Matlab simulink is used as the analytical tool to measure the time response of DC motor.

70-76

Authors: Umesh and Satbir Singh

This proposed research work describes a system that is used for recognition and classification of vehicles from low vision video footage captured by surveillance cameras. It's an important step for many applications in intelligent transportation systems and video surveillance. For carrying out the above said process, first step is detection of the vehicles present in the enhanced video frame & then classification of a particular vehicle based on vehicle features like color, shape and corner points in the video. An innovative method is proposed for recognizing the vehicle present in the video. At first, enhancement of the low/night vision footage is done. After it, the features are extracted. Color is extracted using RGB color values of the vehicle, Shape is extracted based upon Zernike moments & for Corner detection, Harris corner detector process is applied. Finally the Fuzzy Inference system takes the help of extracted features to classify the type of vehicle.

83-87

Authors: Kavitha KJ and B Priestly Shan

The main Objective of this paper is to develop digital watermarking system for authentication of video. Here we present implementation of a visible digital video watermarking system. The system is implemented using Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink.

92-97

Authors: Abdelaziz Mourad and Ghedjati Keltoum

In this paper one present an asymptotic output tracking algorithm based on direct model reference adaptive control procedure (DMRAC). The new algorithm is applied to control the level of the blood glucose which represents a nonlinear system and its regulation is a big challenge for decades. The regulation is able using the virtual linearization concept. Simulations examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm.

103-106

Authors: Priti Subramanium and Vijay J Chaudhari

In a dynamic Wireless Sensor Network fault occurring in sensor nodes are common due low-cost sensors used in WSNs, deployed in large quantities and prone to failure. A wireless sensor network can get separated into multiple network connected components due to the failure of some of its component nodes that is called a “cut”. Cuts are group of failure nodes. An algorithm is proposed for detection and prevention that allows (i) every node to detect when the connectivity to a source node has been lost, and (ii) one or more nodes (that are connected to the neighbour node after the failure nodes) to detect the occurrence of the cut using nearest neighbours. (iii) Path selection using neighbour nodes. In this paper we have implemented NNS algorithm for detecting failure nodes by neighbours and avoiding failure paths for transmission in dynamic wireless sensor network. The RCDPWSN system can very easily prevent from data lost using rerouting.

7-11

Authors: S Sreenath, P Ashkarali, Nair M Sreejith, Thomas Paulbert and Chandroth Aanandan

A compact dual band uniplanar antenna suitable for 2.4 and 5.8 GHz (IEEE 802.11 b/g and 802.11a) WLAN application is presented. The 0.28λ0 × 0.32λ0 structure comprises of a modified slot line as the radiating element. The ground plane size of proposed antenna has negligible effect on the radiation characteristics which enables easy integration of the antenna with MMIC circuits. Design equations of the antenna are developed and validated on different substrates. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance match, moderate gain and stable radiation patterns in both the frequency bands.

18-22

Authors: Martin Bastian

Dynamic Terrain Generator creates terrain and character elements interact with the terrain dynamically during the start and duration of the game .Dynamic terrain tool allow player to navigate unlimitedly through all four directions with newly generating terrain fields as progress forward without consuming system resources too much. It gives the illusion of a real world that gives user the feeling to move anywhere he want while playing the game. It is suited for war games, hunting games and modified version can also use for racing games

27-31

Authors: Neha Bansal, Manish Mahajan and Shashi Bhushan

Plagiarism detection created providing similar options are detected inside identical distance of options associated to connect blocks. Copy-move Plagiarism may be a specific style of image meddling wherever a vicinity of the image is traced and glued on another part usually to hide unwanted parts of the image. Hence, the goal of conversion of copy-move plagiarism is to detect image that are same or extraordinarily similar detection of malicious manipulation with digital pictures (digital forgeries) is the topic of this paper. Particularly, we have a tendency to specialise in detection of a special style of digital plagiarism – the copy-move attack within which a locality of the image is traced and glued elsewhere within the image with the intent to hide a vital image feature. In this given paper, we have a tendency to review many strategies projected to realize this goal.

38-43

Authors: Nguyen Thanh Loi, Nguyen Nam Hai, Ngo Vu Duc, Nguyen Hoang Dung and Thai Nam Son

With the desire to improve performance of the HEVC’s De-blocking Filter, a new filtering order is proposed. This method maximally supports for parallel processing by dissolving the data dependency between the adjacent filtering operations. This order allows handling the horizontal edges and vertical edges at the same time. In this paper, we implement the HEVC De-blocking Filter architecture based on the new filtering order in a Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGA. This design has maximum clock frequency 113MHz, provide throughput up to 38 Gbps.

52-61

Authors: Rahul Soangra, CB Majumder and Partha Roy

The threat of arsenic pollution to public health and wild life has led to an increased interest in developing systems that can monitor bioavailable arsenic in potable water. This paper reviews the principal milestones in the development of arsenic biosensor combining a selective biological recognition element (microorganism) and a sensitive transducer (microilluminator), are environmental tools applied for environmental bioavailable arsenic pollution monitoring. We have discussed here the mechanism of Arsenic intake and expression of reporter gene in the bioreporter. The bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit (BBIC) can be developed in which a bioreporter is engineered to luminescence when target substrate (arsenite) is encountered, while the circuit detects the luminescence and after processing the signal, the results are communicated by remote sensing. BBIC provides a low power, inexpensive, selective and highly sensitive Arsenic biosensors.

66-71

Authors: PR Dewan

EDM is one of the most advanced, non-traditional material removal processes which may help overcome the limitations of conventional mechanical cutting methods. This study represents the recent trends in EDM process. The varying input parameters are identified as peak current Ip, pulse duration Ton, types of dielectric medium and powder-mixed dielectrics. The output responses are measured as Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness (Ra). MRR was found to increase with powder-mixed dielectrics. Ton and Ip seems to be the most influencing factors for MRR. Addition of powders like SiC and B4C to the dielectric lowers the tool wear. Ra improves with addition of powder to the dielectric medium and also the desired properties like hardness, corrosion resistance etc are imparted to the machined surface of the work piece.

77-80

Authors: Hayder A Yasir, Mohammed H Al Maamori and Hussam Mohammad Ali

This research extensively investigated to improve the processing characteristics of natural rubber NR by insertion various types of carbon black. The average of nitrogen surface area (34 for N660, 76 for N330, 77for N326, and 91for N375) m2/g and range of particles size (26 -63)nm high abrasive furnace. The curing kinetics was determined using the rheometer with an oscillating disk, in which the network formation process is registered by the torque variation during time. The vulcanization was obtained in a hydraulic press at 185 °C. OSD rheometer results clearly indicate that optimum cure time, scorch time and cure rate (100/t90-ts2) are exponentially decreases with increasing in particles surface area. However, increase in Max., Min. torque of OSD rheometer, reversion period time of cure characteristics and Mooney viscosity ML (1+4) at 100C° with increasing the surface area. This result clearly indicates the improvement of curing characteristics.

85-90

Authors: Ajith Joseph, Berlin Baby, Akhil Babu Thomas and Sreyas Krishnan S

Fibre reinforced polymer composites has been used in a variety of application as class of structure material because of their many advantages such as relatively low cost of production, easy to fabricate and superior strength compare to neat polymer resins. A light weight composite material had prepared using banana fibre as reinforcement in phenol formaldehyde resin matrix by compression moulding (CM) techniques. The mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural behavior were studied for different fibre lengths.

97-102

Authors: Amit Kumar, Manoj kumar Gaur, Dinesh Kumar Kasdekar and Sharad Agrawal

This Present study has been made to optimize the process parameters during forming of PVC (L-bow) fitting by injection moulding machine using response surface methodology (RSM).Four input process parameters of injection moulding machine namely filling time, refill time (RFT), tonnage time (TT) and Ejector retraction time (ERT)) is chosen as variables to determine the process performance in terms of cycle time (CT). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out to determine the effect of process parameter on process performance. The parameters filling time (23), refill time (36) tonnage time (0.68) and Ejector retraction time (1.36) are identified as the most significant optimal setting for Cycle time (CT).

108-111

Authors: Hemant Dhabhai, Ravindra Prakash Gupta and Anand Jain

The main objective of this research work is to analyze the effect on SNR over BER in Different Fading channel using various digital modulation techniques (i.e. BPSK and BFSK) using Single Frame and Multi Frame data transmission techniques. Nakagami fading channel gives better analysis of results as compared to Rayleigh and Rician fading Channels. We present a highly accurate closed-form approximation for the PDF of Nakagami-m Random Variables (RVs) with identical (integer) fading parameters.

117-122

Authors: Anu Nair P and K Karuppasamy

Emissivity is a parameter which helps to determine emissive power of a Surface. Much experimental work in radiation has been done to find out the value of emissivity for different surfaces. The paper reports the ability of Bayesian Approach and least square method in parameter estimation when radiation heat transfer is encountered. The aim is to estimate the value of Emissivity of material using Bayesian optimization method and least square residual method where air is used as a working medium. The steady temperature time history is mainly used to estimate Emissivity of material in Bayesian and least square optimization method. The experimental setup has been designed and fabricated. Finally, Estimated Parameter is compared with Actual benchmark.

129-134

Authors: Anita and Prerna Gaur

This paper presents a three phase DC-AC inverter for grid connected PV system using Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) technique. The SPWM technique is easiest modulation scheme to understand but it requires complicated mathematical operation so third harmonic injection techniques for PWM (THIPWM) is employed to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) and to make the inverter suitable for grid connection, by synchronizing the inverter voltage with the grid voltage. The application of THIPWM to inverter increases for management of voltage and constancy in frequency of the system thereby increasing its overall efficiency.. MATLAB simulink model is developed to illustrate the proposed system. The inverter model complies with all IEEE 1547 standards varying a maximum of 5% under different testing conditions

8-10

Authors: Fatemeh Hakkak and Mohammad Mahdi Salehi

In order to prepare porous PAN/PVdF nanofibers, PAN/PVdF/PMMA blend nanofibers were electrospun and then the PMMA was removed via a selective dissolution technique with chloroform. After extraction of the PMMA, the resulting PAN/PVdF nanofibers had highly porous surface. The surface morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN/PVdF nanofibers made from PAN/PVdF/PMMA blend precursors is higher than that of PAN/PVdF nanofibers.

14-19

Authors: Satish Kumar and VK Bansal

Construction site planning affects the construction progress, safety, and functioning of various resources especially in hilly regions where space is always limited. In hilly regions, proper allocation of space for various resources keeping in view the site safety is difficult due to the involvement of number of resources and interlinked constraints. This affects site layout planning, influence construction progress and safety related issues. In order to utilize the available site space and to enhance the safety and productivity of construction operations, sufficient number of site layouts are generated and analyzed in advance, generally ignoring safety related issues. The present study proposes a framework for safe site layout planning in hilly regions in identifying the optimum positions of various resources. The site layout elements which affect safety and progress on construction site layouts have been also explored.

23-30

Authors: Nandish M and Kailash Rudra

With the huge growth of computer networks and the latest advances in digital technologies, a huge amount of digital data is being exchanged over various types of networks. It is true that a large part of the information is either confidential or private. As a result, different techniques have been used to provide the security. The security of digital images has attracted more attention and many different image encryption methods have been proposed to enhance the security of the images. Digital data security is achieved by methods of cryptography, which deals with encryption of data. The common method of protecting the digital documents is to scramble the content so that the true message of the documents is unknown. The proposed method combines the concept of scan patterns and dyadic permutation. Scan patterns shuffles the pixels of the image and dissipate the high correlation among pixels. Dyadic permutation process performs repositioning of the pixels in the image. Carrier images are generated using random sequence based on DNA. Carrier image has been used for encrypting and decrypting images. The system is tested for different types of images of different size. The results obtained are analyzed through histograms and correlation coefficient which shows that the developed system is working satisfactorily.

34-37

Authors: Syed Reyaz Hasan, Umakant Prasad, Nawnit Kumar, Rajiv Ranjan and RNP Choudhary

Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric (BLSF) compound barium bismuth niobate (BBN) with a chemical formula BaBi2Nb2O9 has been prepared using a solid-state reaction technique. Preliminary structural and microstructural properties of the compound were investigated through X-ray diffraction technique and SEM-microphotographs respectively. Its dielectric properties have been analyzed within a wide range of temperature and frequency. Relative dielectric constant (εr) of the material is found to be higher at a lower frequency suggesting a normal behavior of ferroelectrics. Studies of temperature–frequency dependence of dielectric studies show broadened anomaly (with shift in peak) suggesting the occurrence of diffused-relaxor type of ferroelectric phase transition well above the room temperature. Temperature dependence of the ac-conductivity at selected frequencies and the values of activation energies in the different regions suggest that the conduction process in the material is mainly due to singly ionized oxygen vacancies in the ferroelectric region.

42-45

Authors: Sudhir Sharma and Vikas Sharma

Isolated operation and control of induction motor fed from a solar photovoltaic array along with resistive loads is presented in this paper. New controllers are proposed to control the induction motor used for water pumping systems and for controlling of resistive loads with the varying solar irradiation are proposed. The simulations are performed in MATLAB/ SIMULINK environment. Performance of new proposed controllers is compared with that of conventional controllers.

51-56

Authors: Pritam Sangwan, S Mary Celin and Lakshmi Hooda

The aim of present paper was to study the biodegradation of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) in waste water using free cultures of a bacterial strain Acinetobacter noscomialis isolated from a TNT contaminated site. Three operating variables i.e. pH, initial TNT concentration and time for degradation were studied using response surface methodology (RSM), involving Box-Behnken design. Experiments were performed in the batch mode to determine maximum degradation of 2, 4, 6- trinitrotoluene (TNT). Very high regression coefficient between the variables and the response (R2 =0.9909) indicates excellent evaluation of experimental data by second-order polynomial regression model. Results indicated that 50–60 mg/L initial TNT concentration, 8-9 pH and a time period of 48-72 hrs were optimal for degradation of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene by free cultures of Acinetobacter noscomialis and 99% of degradation was observed at optimal conditions. It was confirmed that the studied bacterial strain has a good potential for the degradation of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene within a short time period of 72 Hrs.

62-67

Authors: Aviral Awasthi, SK Gupta and MK Panda

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller is designed for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to enhance interconnected power system stability. The power frequency model for STATCOM with conventional PI (Proportional Integral) controller is presented first. Fuzzy logic controller in then designed for main controller of the STATCOM. The main controller is used for regulating the AC bus voltage. The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is performing a significant role in reactive power compensation and transient stability enhancement in modern power systems. This paper investigates the application of a rule based fuzzy logic control technique for controlling a STATCOM at steady and transient condition. This study demonstrates that fuzzy logic based STATCOM considerably improves the transient stability of power system during occurrence of fault. The control strategy is evaluated by simulation programs and the comparison indicates the fuzzy logic based STATCOM gives improved performance compared with PI STATCOM controller based technique.

72-76

Authors: Raghavendra N, Pramod R Sharma, H Yogish and Varuna Srivastava

Ductile cast iron also referred to as nodular iron or spheroidal graphite iron. The Ductile Cast Iron contains graphite which is in the form of discrete nodules or spheroids. This paper deals with some factors influencing microstructure and mechanical properties of Ductile Cast Iron. Ductile Cast Iron have been used for a wide variety of application in automotive, rail and heavy engineering industry because of its excellent mechanical properties such as high strength with good ductility, good wear resistance and good fatigue properties. The properties of ductile cast iron depend on both chemistry and heat treatment. Nodular cast iron is primarily heat treated to create matrix micro structure and associated mechanical properties not readily obtained in the casted condition. Final structure and properties of Ductile Cast Iron are obtained by controlled process of heat treatment. The influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile cast iron above austenising temperature is altered. Experiments were conducted on 600/3 and 500/7 grades of ductile cast iron and following observations were made to know the properties of metal. Results of the experiment shows that it dependence of temperature and various matrixes can be obtained (i.e. mixture of graphite, ferrite and pearlite). Different quenching media are selected to check the behaviour of the materials. Quenching Medias like vegetable oil, mineral oil and water were used for this experimental analysis. After heat treatment the tensile strength, hardness, elongation and yield stress of the specimens were obtained with respect to different quenching media.

81-83

Authors: Sukhpreet Singh and Rinkesh Mittal

In this research paper, we had studied the various concepts related to image segmentation and different mapping methods. We had discussed Poincare maps for segmentation of images. To implement this method, we had considered pair wise region comparison so that we get to know the minimum edge weight comprising between two regions and also calculate difference between both of them. We had discussed other mapping methods also which have their own importance to show grids of local surrounding points between pixels. These methods can also represent mapping sent mapping of pixels in feature space. It has been shown that modes of segmentation can be very coarse or fine.

90-94

Authors: Girish Nille, Deepanjali Yadav, Varsha Jadhav and Priyanka Nagargoje

The aim of this paper is to propose the low cost hardware unit of monitoring vehicle parameter and tracking by transmitting values to android phone or remote server. A hardware unit is fixed on vehicles OBD system with android phone. The cellular Bluetooth module which is in-built in the phone enables transmission of data. This data further used to monitor the different values of vehicle parameter along with that tracking of vehicle is also possible by enabling the internet connection.