European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

8-13

Authors: Mitesh D Parmar, RJ Parmar, VR Solanki, RJ Pathak and VM Pathak

Sun light replenishes the earth with energetic radiation, which sustains the life on earth and It also considered as a primary source of energy. The solar energy is converted to electricity using the solar cells so the effect of solar radiation on the performance of the solar cell is an important factor. In this paper, we have compared various parameters of solar cell like open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum output power and efficiency by changing the area of solar array from 270cm2 to 299.52cm2 for the location of Latitude: 23°49' 47.5'' N, Longitude: 73°0' 10.8''E.

20-25

Authors: JR Chaudhari and CR Patil

Active vibration control of fixed free rectangular cantilever beam considered and analyzed using ANSYS. Natural frequency and amplitudes of free vibration determine both from ANSYS 14.5 and experimental setup. Uncrack and crack beam with same cross section used for analysis. PZT 5H attached near the fixed end of the beam and voltage with different values applied for controlling the amplitudes of vibration. The simulation and experimental results studied for the uncrack and crack beam. The results are in the good agreement for the control of amplitude of vibration when the voltage range increases. The voltage range is from 50V to 200V at a step increase of 50V. The natural frequency of the crack beam is larger than uncrack beam. In uncrack beam, increase in crack depth at the same location natural frequencies decreases. Both the experimental and ANSYS results indicate that piezoelectric patch as an actuator is an effective method for the vibration suppression.

31-36

Authors: Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Rajendra Kumar Srivastava and Manish Nigam

Expensive soil is mostly found in arid and semi-arid regions and it covers very large area of the world. It covers nearly 20% of the land mass in India and includes almost the entire ocean plateau western Madhya Pradesh, Parts of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh especially Bundelkhand belt, Karnataka & Maharashtra the swelling soil is commonly known by the name of black cotton soils swelling to occur, these soil initially unsaturated at same water content. If the unsaturated soil gains water content, it swells on the other band it decrease in Water content occur occurs the soil shrinks the presence of mantmorllonite clay in these soil imparts them high swell – shrink potentials. One of the major indicators of a country’s prosperity is its road length and vehicle Ownership India is a country where a large population lives in villages with their livelihood depending upon agriculture. Industrial growth is also shifting towards villages. Both of these activities require a better means of communication which can be provided by good conditioned roads3% village roads have very low volume of traffic, consisting mostly of rural transport vehicles, like agricultural tractors/trailers, light goods vehicles, buses, animal drawn vehicles, motorized two-wheelers and cycles. Some of the village roads may also have light and medium trucks carrying sugarcane, timber, quarry materials, etc. Flexible pavements are in use for village connectivity program because of low initial cost of construction to high cost of maintenance, being very sensitive to water logging and lack of institutional set up for their maintenance, the village roads deteriorate very fast, especially in expensive soil regions. Every year several kilometers of village roads are washed away by floods and water logging Thus, the planners and engineers are bound to think about the option of rigid pavement as a substitute of flexible pavement for village roads. Rigid pavement is an alternative to flexible pavement where the soil strength is poor, aggregate are costly and the drainage conditions are bad (as in portions of the roads passing through villages and water logged areas). However, they demand a high degree of professional expertise at the design stage, construction and maintenance besides high initial cost.

8-15

Authors: Joe Denny, Mohamed Elyas, Shannon Angel D’costa and Royson Donate D’Souza

This journal presents the timeline of humanoid robots divided into 3 aspects such as its past, its present and its possible future .This paper showcases the need for the creation of the first few humanoid robots to the present ones to the ones that are yet to be created. The need for the robots to have aspects of a human is put forward in this paper along with the specific application of the robots. The journal has three parts as mentioned above. The first section consists of the present scenario about humanoid robots under this section the complexity of the motion of a human hand and the biomechanics required in duplicating the motion is showcased alongside the mimicking of human functions such as walking and swimming. The first part even comprises about the sensing method for a humanoid robot. Advancement of humanoid robots in the field of cerebral palsy and autism has also been briefed through in this journal. The second phase of the journal comprises the past life of the humanoid robots; the beginning thoughts that lead to the idea of humanoid robots to the first ever created working humanoid robots is shown in the second section along with the advancement in bipedal locomotion and in environmental perception . The third section consists of the upcoming future development in the field of humanoid robots .The difficulties in the existing means of motion of humanoid robot and the further possible future motion of humanoid robots is depicted in the third phase. Human to humanoid control is briefed in the final chapter of the journal along with other technology such as grasping force .It also shows the trend towards the research in robotics towards development of humanoid robots using cogitative system utilizing artificial intelligence .At the end of the journal the list of humanoid robot developments as to understand the depth of development in the field of humanoid robots and the importance of humanoid robots in the existing and the coming era.

23-28

Authors: Laeeq Ahmed Khan Aqil and Md. Abdul Raheem Junaidi

A rocket motor is designed based on the burning rate of 10mm/sec with the burning index of 0.4, which shall be useful to fire at sea level to perform its objective at the maximum altitude of 2 km. Thickness of the shell will be calculated based on the maximum operating pressure of the rocket motor and its throat area, based on the mass flow rate, chamber pressure, and characteristic velocity of propulsion. Propellant composition shall provide its characteristic velocity. Based on the burning rate, chamber pressure shall be evaluated and also operational range will be helpful in evaluating its maximum thrust generated at the time of its operation. A suitable material shall be selected to withstand internal pressure of the rocket motor generated during operation.

36-39

Authors: Ashraf Balabel

Recently, an increased attention is turned to the problem of the natural convection heat transfer from a heated vertical plate due to its increasing importance in many industrial and technological applications. In the present paper, the numerical simulation of natural-convective heat transfer of a heated vertical plate subjected to periodic boundary conditions is carried out. The numerical approach applied here is based on solving the set of the governing equations using the control volume technique over a non-staggered grid system. In our algorithm, the implicit fractional step-non iterative method is applied to obtain the velocity and the temperature fields. The exact solutions for the classical Stoke’s problem and the similarity solution are used to verify the numerical results obtained. The comparison of the numerical results obtained showed that the present numerical method applied can be used in such applications with confidence.

46-55

Authors: Ravindra Janga and Sushama Malaji

With the rapid development of Microprocessors/Microcontrollers digital controllers are becoming viable one as compared to conventional controllers. To overcome the drawbacks in single loop simple Voltage Mode Controllers and improve the performance of the converter, two loop current mode Controllers need to be designed. This paper presents the step by step design procedure to design a Digital Current Mode Controller for Active Clamp Forward Converter. Small Signal Discrete-time Model of the converter is first designed. Control dynamics of the converter are explained in detailed to design a current mode controller for Active Clamp Forward Converter. A continuous –time current mode controller is first designed and with the help of digital redesign method a digital current mode controller is designed. Finally, the behavior of the Active clamp Forward Converter with designed controllers and achievement of desired compensation is verified by applying disturbances at both ends of the converter.

66-69

Authors: Akhil Nigam

This paper deals with the discrimination analysis between conventional and modified perturb and observe algorithm for solar PV cell. Basically perturb and observe algorithm is the most widely used algorithm because it contains less maintenance and less complexity. But due to sudden change in weather conditions this algorithm cannot work properly and efficiency reduces. So there is an algorithm which reduces the drawbacks of conventional perturb and observe algorithm is called modified perturb and observe algorithm.

7-11

Authors: T Soren Craig, Sudeer Chinta, Mary Eshaghian-Wilner, Nikila Goli, Aman Gupta and Andrew Prajogi

Current healthcare and wellness monitoring devices make medical follow-up convenient. However, the decentralization of data processing and extensive reliance on network connectivity introduces security threats. Current smart health devices often focus their attention more on usability and design rather than solidifying underlying security measures. While web-based security is available, device-level security in smart health devices needs to be explored further. In this paper, we propose an advanced security module that can be used in any generic healthcare and wellness monitoring smart devices. This generic infrastructure can be used as a macro in any available technologies to enhance overall security.

18-22

Authors: M Kumar, SV Jagadeesh Chandra, S Aruna sree, B Siva Nageswara Rao

Hafnium oxide (HfO2) films were grown by atomic layer deposition on chemically cleaned p-type Ge and Si substrates with different thicknesses. For the electrical measurements, we fabricated the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices with Platinum (Pt) electrode. The capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics were measured on the sandwich structure of Pt/HfO2/substrate. From the C-V measurement and we confirmed that the accumulation capacitance is reduced more significantly in the Si device than Ge device, might be thickness of interfacial layer (IL) at the HfO2/semiconductor. The Ge device exhibited thin interfacial layers than Si device and it is thermally unstable. The measured dielectric constant value is relative high for Ge-devices when compare with Si-devices. Besides, Ge device exhibited similar leakage current as Si devices. Therefore, Ge might be a reliable substrate material for high frequency MOS devices.

39-47

Authors: Kanchana Rajesh Babu

In this paper, a buck half-bridge DC-DC converter is used as a single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter [9,10]for feeding a voltage source inverter (VSI) based permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive. The front end of this PFC converter is a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed from single-phase AC mains. The PMBLDCM is used to drive a compressor load of an air conditioner through a three-phase VSI fed from a controlled DC link voltage [9]. The speed of the compressor is controlled [1,2]to achieve energy conservation using a concept of the voltage control at DC link proportional to the desired speed of the PMBLDCM. Therefore the VSI is operated only as an electronic commutator [2] of the PMBLDCM. The stator current of the PMBLDCM during step change of reference speed is controlled by a rate limiter for the reference voltage at DC link. The proposed PMBLDCM drive with voltage control based PFC converter is designed, modeled and its performance is simulated in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. The evaluation results of the proposed speed control scheme are presented to demonstrate an improved efficiency of the proposed drive system with PFC feature in wide range of the speed and an input AC voltage.

54-59

Authors: Priti Dubey, Navin Chand, Smita Mathur and Pradeep Upadhyaya

The present study shows effect of nano calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) in LLDPE/LDPE/PLA blend compatibilized with MA-g-PE in photodegrdation. LLDPE/LDPE/PLA blend with and without n-CaCO3 were tested for durability towards weather condition. Prepared blends were exposed for 144 hours (hrs) in accelerated weatherometer. These analyses were completed in outdoor environmental condition like heat, moisture and UV light to study the degradability. Tensile properties of the blends were recorded at different time intervals and compared with neat LLDPE/LDPE/PLA blend. Effect of accelerated weathering on tensile properties were observed and found that tensile strength was decreased upto 56% with time. DSC SEM, FTIR analysis were also used to analyze the degradation. It is indicated that the rate of photodegradation of nano-CaCO3 in LLDPE/LDPE/PLA as a nano composite is much faster than that of LLDPE/LDPE/PLA.

66-70

Authors: Rizwan Mohd Khan and Gaurav Acharya

Due to environment of competition, industries are into heavy pressure to produce products at a rapid rate. This led to evolve new technologies and production processes. Plastic injection molding process is one of the production technique used to produce plastic products at a rapid rate with minimum defects, but it is a complex process in terms of product, process parameters, and production set-up etc. A small change in the environment of process can affect the quality of the product. In the past two decades researchers have worked on injection molding process and optimized different aspects of injection molding process such as mold design, process parameters, machines set up, product design and shape etc. This review work is done to identify the most critical aspects of the injection molding process and to identify the factors which requires consideration at the time of production to produce objects with minimum defects.

14-19

Authors: A Masood and MU Zuberi

The objective of this work is to determine if a relationship could be found between dielectric strength and other basic properties of electrical insulating materials such as volume resistivity, dielectric constant or relative permittivity and dissipation factor or loss tangent, on empirical basis, by using variables predicted by basic theory. A simple equation to predict the dielectric strength of a solid insulating material in the ambient medium has been proposed using ASTM electrode system. Also, Artificial neural network theory is used to predict the value of dielectric strength of solid insulating materials provided thickness of insulation, volume resistivity, dissipation factor and dielectric constant are known and the results thus obtained have been compared with those obtained by the proposed equation.

26-29

Authors: Supriya Deshpande and SC Dharmadhikari

All smart phones have features like camera and touch screen, these features may lead to different types of attacks on smart phones. Modern smart phone platforms let users customize their device via third-party applications found on “app stores” or traditional websites. Application originality is a problem so users are constantly at risk of installing malicious apps that stealthily take away personal data or gain root access to devices. This paper reviews new security threats that occur frequently for mobile. It also shows novel user interface attacks on Android-based cell phones focusing on showcasing the conceivable alleviation strategies for such attacks. This Paper also discusses various attacks on different computer components like browser and ad libraries, such as UI Readdressing attack and Sidewinder attack.

37-39

Authors: OS Lamba, VK Saxena, LM Joshi, D Pal, D Kant and A Bandhopadhyay

The paper deals with the design study of pillbox-type reduced waveguide RF window[1] for 5 GHz klystron. Numerical simulation of the window has been carried out using the software “CST MW Studio”. The proposed window is designed for 5 GHz operating frequency for handling a few kilowatts of RF power. The simulated results are validated through experiments. In the proposed window geometry, metalized alumina disc (99.5 % purity) of diameter 56 mm and thickness 1.5 mm is brazed in a cylindrical waveguide of diameter 56 mm. The cylindrical waveguide is terminated to WR 187 waveguide at its one end and 8 mm reduced height waveguide on the other end of the window. The return loss and insertion loss of the window length 26.7 mm has been found to be –34.88 dB and - 0.014 dB respectively. The bandwidth of 60 MHz is achieved.

45-48

Authors: Joyanta Pal, Manish Pal, Pankaj Kumar Roy and Asis Mazumdar

Rudrasagar Lake is one of the prominent tourist destinations in north eastern part of India which surrounds Neermahal Palace. It is also declared as Ramsar site (i.e. a wetland of international importance). The surrounding Lake area was initially developed based on the fishing activity in the lake, although later on people started agricultural activity too. People in the surrounded village area of the Lake mainly use groundwater for fulfilling their water demand, in spite of the presence of the Lake. Even for irrigation purpose groundwater is used. Moreover, treated water is not available to all the households in the nearby village area. Whereas the excess water of the lake is discharged into the river, through connecting Kachigang channel, without proper utilization. In this study a quantitative assessment of water of Rudrasagar lake has been done for possible use of drinking and Irrigation etc. For the evaluation of quantity of water, the hydrologic simulation model has been used using HEC-HMS software. From the observation of model discharge of the Lake water, for various season viz. Pre Monsoon, Monsoon and Post monsoon during the period 2006-2015, it has been found that minimum discharge is 0.41m3/s during pre monsoon and maximum discharge is 6.77m3/s during monsoon. So, using the available water, during pre monsoon 50 liters per person per day of water can be supplied to every household and during monsoon the quantity is above 135 liters. Beside this for irrigation purpose also the excess water may be supplied to the local farmer.

55-59

Authors: Amit Kumar Sharma, Gaurav Rajoria, Ravinder Singh Chauhan and Sawan Sharma

A single-phase five-level PWM inverter is presented to alleviate harmonic components of the output voltage and the load current. Operational principles with switching functions are analyzed. Two reference signals identical to each other with an offset equivalent to the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal were used to generate PWM signals for the switches. The inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion and can operate at near-unity power factor. The proposed system is verified through simulation and is implemented in a prototype.

6-14

Authors: Swain Sunita, Badajena J Chandrakanta and Rout Chinmayee

The rapid development and expansion of World Wide Web and local network systems have changed the computing world in the last decade. However, this outstanding achievement has a drawback. The highly connected computing world has also equipped the intruders and hackers with new facilities for their destructive purposes. The costs of temporary or permanent damages caused by unauthorized access of the intruders to computer systems have urged different organizations to increasingly implement various systems to monitor data flow in their networks. These systems are generally referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). There are two main approaches to the design of IDSs. In a misuse detection based IDS, intrusions are detected by looking for activities that correspond to known signatures of intrusions or vulnerabilities. On the other hand, anomaly detection based IDS detect intrusions by searching for abnormal network traffic. In the present study, an off-line intrusion detection system is implemented using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network. While in many previous studies the implemented system is a neural network with the capability of detecting normal or attack connections, in the present study a more general problem is considered in which the attack type is also detected. Fuzzy C-mean clustering is used to classify the input into different classes of clusters.

21-26

Authors: M Shahid Mirza, Zunair Shahzad, Umar Shafiq and Ahmad Mukhtar

The significance of isopropyl benzene has made isopropylation reactions the most widely studied using a wide range of catalysts such as Lewis acids (metal halides) i.e. aluminum chloride, and inorganic acids (Bronsted acids) i.e. sulphuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, supported phosphoric acid, and zeolite. Therefore, in order to produce higher yield of isopropyl benzene from di isopropyl benzenes which are the results of the above isopropylation processes, a series of isomerization and trans alkylation reactions of p- and m-di isopropyl benzenes in the presence of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (Triflic acid) as catalyst with different molar ratios 1:1, 1:3 and 1:6 of catalyst to each isomer were carried out in liquid phase under atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The results shows that the isomerization and trans alkylation reactions gives higher yield of cumene (46 mol%) at 1:1 molar ratio with both isomers. When the molar ratio of isomer to benzene increases, the conversion of di isopropyl benzene isomers and the yield of cumene also increase.

31-38

Authors: Rani D Kubetkar and Emmanuel M

In recent years, recommendation systems which help to suggest several items such as movie, friends, books to users have become more and more famous. These systems gather and analyze data from user’s behavior, activities or preferences. After that it predicts what users will like depending on similarity among users. Now-a-days, friend recommendations have become most popular with the development in social networking systems. The existing system recommends a friend based on mutual friends. This does not reveal users’ choices about their friend selection in real life. Recommending friends based on the user life styles prove to be more realistic. In this paper various friend recommendation techniques are surveyed and comparison among them is done. Also several models are studied and analyzed to form the base of this paper.

45-47

Authors: Dheeraj Nimawat and Ashish Shrivastava

There are many productivity improvement techniques like method study and work measurement, cost reduction, modernization, investment in machine and equipment, re-engineering etc. automation is about speed, accuracy, precision of the process. There are many systems where we can apply automation for better and accurate result. Automation is one of the most effective methodologies for cost cutting by elimination waste as scrap, reducing man power, reducing time, controlling quality, and improving overall performance of any machine, system or process in any industry with the complete assurance of large annual profit margins. This paper talks about concept of automation, tools and& technique to be used for improving productivity, process of implementation of automation and its advantages.

52-55

Authors: Shafeena T

Aquaponics, despite their name, pose a revolutionary change to the organic agriculture field. The world is facing a number of serious issues of which climate variation, population rise, water scarcity, soil degradation, and food security are among the most significant. Aquaponics, as a closed loop system consisting of hydroponics and aquaculture elements, could contribute to addressing these issues. However, there is a lack of assessable research to sustenance the growth of economically feasible Aquaponics systems. The Aquaponics system aided as a model for an aquatic ecosystem established in nature. Because of the synergetic uptake and release of effluent from fish to plants, periodic monitoring of Aquaponics system is vital. To address this problem, an autonomous control system is needed. This takes the benefits of integrating an autonomous control system for continuous autonomous monitoring and control of a dynamic system. In this paper, opportunities that have the potential to fill the gap between execution and research of commercial Aquaponics systems have been recognized. The analysis shows that Aquaponics is proficient of being an imperative driver for the growth of integrated food production systems. The regions suffering from water scarcity will predominantly benefit from this technology being functioned in a commercial environs. This paper comprehensively surveys the antiquity of Aquaponics, interprets their key aspects and significance, and delivers a contrast of various smart Aquaponics systems.