European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

1-6

Authors: K Kalyani Radha, G Srinivas Kumar and J Paul Rufus Babu

Wheel spokes are the supports consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim with Carbon Fiber, Magnesium Alloy, Titanium Alloy and Aluminum Alloy. The two main types of motorcycle rims are solid wheels, in which case the rim and spokes are all cast as one unit, usually in Aluminum or magnesium alloys and the other spoke wheels, where the motorcycle rims are laced with spokes which require high spoke tension, since the load is carried by fewer spokes. If a spoke does break, the wheel generally becomes instantly un-ridable also the hub may break. Presently, for high cc bikes Magnesium wheels are used, due to its low heat resistance and micronisation of crystal grains, replacing it with Aluminum alloy. This Simulation work attempts to model the wheel of a two wheeler racing by using the Pro/Engineer Software, and conducting the tests: Static and Fatigue analysis using the Cosmos (Solid Simulation Work) software by reducing the number of spokes from 5 to 4 for the existing model. Based on simulation work, a better material for alloy wheels may be analyzed from the results obtained and validated.

9-18

Authors: Jyoti Mehta, Neeraj Dilbaghi, Surjit Singh Dudeja, Anoop Yadav and Parveen Sharma

India is the one of the world's largest producers of textiles and garments. Textile processes requires large volume of fresh water in various cloth processing operations. The inputs of wide range of chemicals/dyes, which, if not incorporated in the final products (fabric), become waste and turn out to be part of water ecosystem. This experiment was designed to optimize the various parameters for dye removal and to study the removal of dye from treated and untreated textile industry effluent by isolated bacterial strains in optimized conditions. Observations revealed that the rate of dye decolourization efficiency by bacterial strains was significantly influenced by initial dye concentration, pH, temperature of incubation and incubation time. About 60-70% colour removal from the samples was achieved after the incubation period of four days, and a little change in decolourization rate was observed thereafter. It was also observed in the study that optimal conditions for CR dye removal by using strain 1 were found to be pH of 6 (70.4%), incubation temperature, 35°C (76.5%) and by using strain 2 it was found to be pH of 6 (77%), incubation temperature of 30°C (77.1 %) at a constant string speed of 150 rpm with 25 ppm dye concentration. While in case of PR dye optimal conditions were pH 6 (69-74%) and incubation temperature of 30°C. Dye degrading capacity of both the strains was evaluated and it was found that strain 2 namely Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from untreated effluent was found to be highly effective for the removal of both the dye from solution as compare to strain 1.

24-29

Authors: Louay A Hussein Al-Nuamy

Encryption software executes an algorithm that is designed to encrypt computer data in such a way that it cannot be recovered without access to the key. Software encryption is a fundamental part of all aspects of modern computer communication and files protection. The purpose of encryption is to prevent third parties from recovering the original information. This is particularly important for sensitive data like credit card numbers. In this paper a new stream cipher, called LFSR key position, is proposed. The design of the proposed cipher is quite simple, composing two important cipher algorithms LFSR and Key position ciphers. The design goal of producing the LFSR key position stream cipher significantly depend on eliminating the weakness of both LFSR and key position ciphers through combine the two randomize factors characteristics of character position and the plain text context. The paper also explains the importance of the stream ciphers as modern class of encryption algorithms.

33-37

Authors: Akanksha J Kulkarni, Dipali R Shinde, Sanjivani R Gaidhani, Yogita B Labhade and Monali Borade

Security of apps is becoming one of the major concerns today. Android mobile phones are the most popular way to access social sites, mails very easily. Many applications are available for android users to protect their applications. But, these applications are not enough to provide high end security. So this paper focuses on the new techniques for providing better security to the android apps that will remove the attacks such as shoulder surfing, sharing of password attack, guessing attacks etc. To address these attacks this paper introduces different password schemes. This paper elaborates the survey done for 4 techniques and the attacks they can withstand.

46-50

Authors: Santosh M Nejakar, Prabhu G Benakop and Sharanabasappa RR

The next generation wireless communications systems need to be of a higher standard in order to provide the customers with the multitude of high quality services they demand. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a key technique for achieving high data rates and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems OFDM is becoming the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. OFDM can provide large data rates with sufficient robustness to radio channel impairments. The purpose of this paper is to implement the basic processing involved in the transmission and reception of an OFDM technique. The implementation of OFDM is done in MATLAB.

59-68

Authors: Muruganandam Mohanamurthy and Nur Yazdani

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite material wraps provide effective and economic solution for rehabilitating and upgrading of existing reinforced and precast concrete bridge structures with damage or deterioration, and is being used by many highway departments This study consisted of the review and comparison of relevant design guidelines and standards for FRP wrap strengthening of damaged concrete bridge elements, both from U.S.A. and abroad. Based on the flexural load carrying capacity of a prestressed bridge girder and possible failure modes, the various design provisions were validated against experimental results from literature and finite element analysis. FRP rupture, the preferred failure flexural mode, is validated in both experimental and theoretical analysis. In general, the code and practice guidelines are quite conservative in predicting the flexural strength of AASHTO type bridge girders with FRP wrapping. FRP strengthening design provisions are recommended based on the comparative study.

76-83

Authors: Prakash Sarkar

Na-carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) is biopolymer that offers immense structural possibilities for chemical and mechanical modifications to generate novel properties, functions and applications especially in biomedical area. In this work films fabricated from cmc incorporated with plasticizer at different weight ratios were prepared. This was carried out by employing a solvent-casting method incorporating halloysite nanoclay (nanotube) and silica nanoparticle (spherical) into the films. Scanning Electron Micrographs showed that nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously throughout the polymer matrix in all of the cmc-nanocomposite films; tensile test showed that the mechanical strength of the films increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration. It was observed from the thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) results that there is no significant variation in the thermal degradation temperature of the films with the addition of the nanoparticles. The hydrophilicity increased with the addition of nanoparticles, as seen from the contact angle, moisture content and water solubility results.

90-95

Authors: Raghavendra N, Pramod R Sharma and M C Math

This deals with design and analysis of two plate mould injection mould tool. The objective of this is to design two plate mould tool and analyze the material flow of the selected product. This describes the material flow analysis to analyzed the material flow in the part and identify the best gate locations of the components. The structural three-dimensional solid modeling of two plate mould was developed using the computer-aided drawing software. The strategy of analysis model was developed. The material flow and gate location analysis was then performed using Mould Flow low Plastic Insight software. The analysis model of the component was analyzed using the single cavities with cold runner design. It is observed that the analysis using Mould flow material flow analysis show the different orientation skin for different gate locations. Based on the analysis, improvement has been made to the part design and feed systems in the mould. This includes the location of the gate at the part design, size of sprue, runners and gates. From the analysis also, Plastic insight5 software helps to determine the part defects that might occurred during plastic injection moulding process such as Short shot, unequal filling, over filling, welding lines and others. From that, the optimum parameters setting are selected in order to get a quality plastic. So this will explain the plastic flow analysis clearly. The final design was done in solid modeling and details drawing using Solid Works software. The results can also significantly reduce the cost and time to fabricate the Tool. That is also can be a reference for the future works of fabrications.

1-5

Authors: Sampath S S, Sawan Shetty and Chithirai Pon Selvan M

This paper investigates the vibration characteristic of a curved beam. A beam of known dimensions is modeled and analyzed using computational analysis software ANSYS CFX and the results obtained are compared with the straight beam undergoing vibrations. A study is conducted by considering various materials to obtain optimum material selection. Different degrees of vibration are considered and the corresponding changes in the dimensions are determined.

14-18

Authors: Anjani Kumar, S K Sharma and Ashok Kumar

The present work focuses on the determination of light induced defects by using thermally stimulated currents (TSC) technique in glassy alloy of Se90Sb8Ag2, prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. Amorphous nature of sample was verified by XRD. Thin films of the present sample were prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation technique. For this, amorphous thin films are exposed to white light of intensity 15000 Lux at room temperature in the presence of vacuum (~ 10-2 Torr). TSC have been measured, before and after exposure of light in the temperature range 308 K to 378 K. From these measurements, the density of traps (Nt) has been calculated in exposed and unexposed samples. Results indicate that the density of traps increases with the increase of exposure time. The defect density increase with exposure time indicates that more and more defects are created as exposure time increases. Due to light soaking, number of dangling bonds may increase due to breaking of covalent bonds which increases the density of defect states.

24-28

Authors: Amam Hossain Bagdadee

Bangladesh has seen annual growth rates of around 6% for the last decade the recent international downturn has not had significant negative effects. On the contrary, an increased focus on Bangladesh as the most cost efficient production hub in Asia has been seen. Further economic growth is, however, seriously threatened by unfulfilled and growing energy needs 3.800 MW of electricity is produced. Demand is estimated at 5.500 MW and growing at ~500 MW a year 1.800 MMCFD of gas is produced. Demand is 2.300 MMCFD Government is set to undertake emergency plans to add more generation capacity each year until 2014. Focus will be on setting up new power plants, promote sustainable energy activities and increase energy efficiency large number of tenders will be floated in the coming months leaving ample business opportunities for Danish investors and technology providers within the energy sector.

34-39

Authors: Sanjivani Shantaiya, Kesari Verma and Kamal Mehta

In this paper we presented a tracking of multiple objects from a given video dataset. Multiple objects can be tracked simultaneously using Kalman filter and optical flow algorithm. We presented improved optical flow algorithm which not only gives better accuracy but also handles occlusion in a video. So, improved optical flow algorithm is found to be more promising as it gives better accuracy in less computation.

44-45

Authors: Kaustubh S Kulkarni, Sanket U Bhagare, Deepak P Shete and Deepthi D Kulkarni

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a modified feedback Technique where operating point of power converter connecting source to load is constantly dithered by a small amount. In general, the output impedance of energy harvesting sources varies with input level, temperature, often input frequency, and other parameters. Matching the resulting impedance deterministically is virtually impossible, so a technique called MPPT is developed. This paper presents a literature survey on various techniques used in achieving the Maximum Power Point (MPP) and the algorithms used in it.

50-54

Authors: Mikhail A Artemov and Evgeni S Baranovskii

The objective of this paper is to investigate unsteady flows of a low concentrated aqueous polymer solution through a planar channel under Navier-type slip boundary conditions. We obtain analytical formulas for the calculation of the time-dependent velocity field. We also show the existence of a unique solution for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem in the generalized formulation.

60-68

Authors: Ilan Rusnak

The Joint Maximum Likelihood (JML) criterion is used to derive the optimal recursive-iterative estimator for discrete nonlinear dynamic systems. For linear systems this approach constitutes, in its recursive form, the structure of the Kalman Filter. The JML approach to estimation of nonlinear systems can be solved by batch formulas at the cost of extensive computational effort, i.e. with each new measurement the for derivation of the new estimate all available data has to be processed. This paper presents recursive-iterative implicit closed form solution that gives formulas of the optimal estimator, i.e. gives the value of the optimal estimated state. The computation of the estimator's gains needs the solution of non-symmetric Difference Matrix Riccati Equation (DMRE).

80-91

Authors: S Sohrabi and I Moser

The Cloud computing has enabled businesses and individuals to utilise the potential infrastructure in the Cloud without dealing with the cost and complexities associated with large computations. It saves businesses the initial setup, updates and maintenance cost. And individuals are provided by the physical resources they might need for a time they need them. They pay as they use the resources. Cloud computing has revolutionized the way processing is carried out. Cloud led to the establishment of large data centers that contribute in the energy consumed worldwide and consequently the carbon emission and environmental drawbacks. Green Cloud computing evolves around the development of algorithms that decreases the energy consumption and became an active research area. Green cloud strategies are proposed and tested via a broad range of assumptions. Surveying these strategies can identify the fitness of them in achieving the common objectives along with the energy consumption. We identified the way energy consumption is observed and what energy saving methods are applied. Based on that we present a taxonomy and analysis of their strength and weakness of the existing methods. Ultimately, regarding the result of the analysis, the challenges are discussed and trends for future research in green Cloud computing are identified.

102-105

Authors: Neetu Dabi

Attached growth wastewater treatment processes have long been recognized as more energy efficient than suspended growth processes. The rotating biological contactor (RBC) attached growth process has been promoted as being nearly twice as efficient as the most common suspended growth process - activated sludge process (ASP).This paper presents field data from MNIT, Jaipur wastewater treatment plant, with the exception of the secondary treatment process, which in one case is ASP and the other isRBC. The results of this study show RBC process is an approximately 30% more energy efficient process than ASP and In addition, the labor requirements of the RBC facilities were found to be significantly less than for ASP, primarily because of the need for additional process monitoring and management for the ASP process.

1-10

Authors: Pankaj Kumar Dewangan, Manoj Pradhan and GD Ramtekkar

An understanding of the shear strength characteristics of geomaterials forming overburden dumps in coal mines is required for assessing the stability of overburden dumps. The effective shear strength of dump materials depends on a wide variety of interrelated parameters including: fragment size, intact particle strength, gradation, compaction density, water content, degree of saturation and others. In this study, an investigation was carried out to assess the effect of fragment size and moisture content on shear strength behavior of the coal mine overburden dump rock material by conducting a series of small and large scale direct shear test on samples differing in average fragment size, uniformity coefficient and moisture content. The overall mobilized shear strength was found higher in case of samples having larger average fragment size and lower moisture content. The angle of internal friction of all the tested samples was found to be increased with the increase in average fragment size while reduction in the same was noticed with the increase in moisture content.

21-24

Authors: YMWGSD Vijebandara, PR Dadigamuwa and HD Goonatilleke

Cable manufacturing company is using upward die casting machine to produce 8mm diameter copper wires. Copper sheets are melted in induction furnace. Copper melting temperature is 1089°C. In order to avoid oxidization and stop heat dissipation of copper liquid, a layer of wood charcoal is floating on top of the copper liquid while burning in molten copper chamber. Normally wood charcoal burnt out within three to four hours due to high temperature. Then burnt out charcoal has to be removed from the molten copper chamber and new charcoal has to be added. While removing ash from molten copper bath using stainless steel shovel some amount of copper come out with the whole mixture. The copper particles which come out with the ash mixture do not have regular shape and around 25% (by weight) of copper consist of the whole mixture. There is an ash wastage mixture (around 4000kg) currently without a proper solution. Objective of the study was to find a solution to separate copper from the existing ash wastage. Various separation methods were analyzed and finally sieving method with a vibrating unit was designed and fabricated to solve the problem. Cam was used to generate vibration to the sieves. Main challenge was dust generation. To overcome dust generation, dust extraction unit was designed. At the fabrication process reusable material was used. Therefore overall fabrication cost was reduced. Sieving cage angle can be adjusted using square thread bar. However the machine would be helpful for efficient copper recovering process.

32-35

Authors: Praveen Kumar Sharma, Pradeep Upadhyaya and Navin Chand

Gamma-Alumina (γ - Al2O3) reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/Ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends have been developed. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/Ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) based nanocomposites having 1, 2, 3, and 4 Phr γ - Al2O3 were synthesized via co-rotated intermeshing twin-screw extruder. Structure and properties of TPU/EPDM based nanocomposites are composed. The surface functionalised by aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and interactions between nanomaterial and polymers observed by SEM. The upgraded dispersion and interfacial bonding that produced the best significant enhancement in properties of Gamma-Alumina (γ - Al2O3) nanocomposite were found at 2 Phr loading.

41-46

Authors: Sneha Gupta and RP Tiwari

Contamination of soil is a serious environmental issue from past decades & removal of contaminants from soil may be costly or time taking. The nature of the electrostatic potential near the surface of a particle is known as Zeta Potential. Zeta Potential is determined by measuring the velocity of the particles in a D.C. electric field. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of Chemical additive on the Zeta Potential of heavy metal contaminated soil. Copper used as a heavy metal and EDTA as a chemical additive in the present investigation. The sample taken from the field is basically clayey in nature. Various engineering properties of soil determined and the soil is artificially contaminated with Copper in the laboratory. Removal of Cu from artificially contaminated soil analyzed by using solution of EDTA in different concentrations and at different pH. Zeta potential measurements are performed by using Zeta Meter System 4.0. The Zeta Potential of virgin, contaminated and contaminated soil treated with different concentration of EDTA has been calculated at different pH in acidic as well as in basic range. At different pH the zeta potential of the soil changes & it affect the efficiency of removal of Copper from artificially contaminated soil.

53-58

Authors: Samiran Maiti, Nirmalya Chandra and Achintya Das

A simple state feedback method for satellite trajectory design on a halo orbit is developed. The communication link using satellite trajectory control is from the earth to the satellite and then to the far side of the moon. The nonlinearities inherent to the halo orbit problem are treated as trajectory-dependent, persistent disturbance inputs. A controller has been designed along with a full order estimator of linear state variable feedback using pole placement method. This type of compensated linear controllers gives satisfactory performance for limited dynamic range and limited input. The design has been made by specially constructed programs and the results have been checked up using MATLAB tools.

68-74

Authors: Anju Pradeep, S Mridula and P Mohanan

Electrically small metamaterial antenna of zeroth order resonance incorporating a spiral resonator embedded into an asymmetric coplanar stripline is reported. The proposed antenna exhibits frequency reconfigurability of 1:1.47. The performance of the proposed antenna is compared with reported metamaterial antenna of comparable dimensions and found to be better.

1-9

Authors: Salah A Aly, Mohammed E Issa and Magda M Elgaml

The Super Crete (Icon) is one of the polymer concrete types that was developed recently in many countries and still considered as a new material especially in Egypt. It is a concrete without coarse aggregate that consists of powder material (which contains high percentage of calcium silicate) and polymer liquid. So it looks like a mortar paste more than a concrete. The use of powder material and polymer liquid for the production of new type of concrete is one common means for achieving a more environment-friendly concrete. Icon has shown superior high performance in compressive strength, durability, very fast curing time and very low permeability that breaks the current known limitations. It has been used widely in the architectural applications like decorative features, facade and cladding. Due to the newness of Icon and the lack of information about the materials and manufacturing process of this type in the Egyptian market, this research was carried out to investigate the shear behavior of polymer concrete beams under different conditions. The shear strength is one of the important properties of concrete polymers when used in structural elements subjected to shear like slender beams and columns. Fifteen beams were cast to investigate the effect of the shear span to depth ratios, different locations and different reinforcement of openings on the shear behavior of the tested specimens. All these beams were designed to fail in shear. The test results showed that, the absence of coarse aggregates reduced the ultimate shear strength of the fine aggregate polymer concrete. This may be attributed that, the rougher crack surfaces are better able to transfer shear due to aggregate interlock. The validity of both the Egyptian Code for the design and implementation of Concrete Structures (ECCS) 203-2007 and American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318-2011Codes for estimating the shear strength of the tested Super Crete beams was investigated. The research described in this paper provides additional experimental information on the shear behavior of polymer concrete beams. Different conclusions and recommendations are introduced.

15-19

Authors: Anshul Kumar, Mansi Chaudhary and Nagresh Kumar

This paper defines social engineering and explains how one can use the human mind for capturing useful information about organizations or individuals. It also provides recommendations on how to defend and protect against attackers using social engineering techniques. Social engineering is a non-technical method of intrusion hacker’s use that relies heavily on human interaction and often involves tricking people into breaking normal security procedure. Since there is neither hardware nor software available to protect an enterprise or individual against social engineering, it is essential that good practices be implemented. The overall purpose of this survey is to highlight the different social engineering attacks and how they can prevented.

26-33

Authors: Navin Chand, Manish Kumar Patel, S Tiwari and OP Modi

In this study, preparation of fumed silica reinforced Hydroxyapatite (HAp) composites having different concentration of fumed silica from 1 to 4wt% has been prepared. XRD studies on HAp calcined at two temperatures have been done and analysed. XRD analysis indicates the structural modification with the addition of fumed silica. X ray analysis of fumed silica filled Hydroxyapatite (HAp) composites dried and calcined showed additional X ray peaks at 46.4 and 28.8 ° in case of 4 wt% fumed silica composite. Diameter of HAp particles changed on changing the calcination temperature.

43-48

Authors: Deepa Sharma and Bipul Kumar

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller based Load Frequency Control (LFC) proposed here for controlling the frequency deviation which is a one of major technical issue of a two area interconnected power system. In order to improvise the performance of supplying power of a power system, error function is minimized. The objective function taken into consideration over here is Integral of Square of Error (ISE). To optimize the gain values of controller, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used. Tuning of controllers is done in order to get the gain values or controller parameters such that the desired frequency and power interchange with adjoining systems are maintained within specific value. Controllers must possess the property of being sensitive against changes in frequency and load. Tuning of controllers based on PSO algorithm is justified by making a comparison with Conventional Ziegler–Nichols tuning method.

56-61

Authors: Dharmeswar Deka

Unsteady flow of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible fluid with small electrical conductivity and electromagnetic force in a horizontal channel under the influence of constant head flux is investigated. Approximate solutions for the velocity and temperature fields as well as heat transfer co-efficient have been derived. Results obtained are discussed with the help of graphs and tables.

69-72

Authors: S Sundararaman and S Azhagarsamy

Fast depleting natural resources, huge consumption of energy, and environmental hazards involved in the production of cement has inspired for searching the substitution by other material with similar material, especially in developing countries. Cement is widely noted to be most expensive constituents of concrete. The objective of is study is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete with different replacement levels of ordinary Portland cement by rice husk ash and silica fume. The cement has been replaced by rice husk ash (RHA) accordingly in the range of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by weight of cement and 10% of silica fume in common for M-20 mix. The compressive strength at 3 days, 7days and 28 days have been obtained with normal curing condition. A maximum increase in compressive strength of 32.2Mpa with 10% of RHA replacement and silica fume of approximately 10% was observed. The compressive strengths of concrete is reduced as the percentage of RHA replacement is increased beyond 10%.

1-11

Authors: Sotoudeh Hamedi-Hagh and Ahmet Bindal

SNTs (surrounding-gate nanowire transistors) are good candidates to implement low power electronic devices. They provide full gate control over the channel and minimize short channel effects. Design of a high-speed opamp is presented in this paper. It consists of two amplifying stages and an output buffer and is frequency compensated for stable operation. Transistors used have 10nm channel length and 2nm channel radius. The amplifier operates from 1.8V supply and has a voltage gain of 40dB and a phase margin of 42°. The current gain cutoff frequency of the amplifier is 5.1THz and it provides 40dB common mode rejection ratio and 54dB power supply rejection ratio with a slew-rate of 2V/ns. The amplifier area is 320nm by 250nm.

17-25

Authors: Soumen Saha, Utpal Roy and Devadutta Sinha

The latest mobile communications is two types of ad hoc networks are introduced; one is Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) and second one is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET).VANET is based on IEEE 802.11b wireless standard. This helps to communicate vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside communications. According to Federal Communications Commission (FCC)[1] suggestion for VANET frequency spectrum of 75 MHz in the range of 5.850 GHz to 5.925 GHz. It communicates from one vehicle (source) to another vehicle (destination) through different vehicles (intermediate nodes). A numbers of different routing protocols for communication, ie multimedia data, text data etc. from one vehicle (node) to another vehicle are existing. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing algorithm is one of the popular routing protocols for ad-hoc mobile networks. AODV is used for both unicast and multicast routing. In this paper, we propose and implement in the NCTUns-6.0 simulator neural network based Modified AODV routing protocol considering Power, TTL, Node distance and Payload parameter to find the optimal route from the source station (vehicle) to the destination station in VANET communications.

36-42

Authors: Amber Batwara and Sharad Shrivastav

The aim of this study is to numerically simulate the continuous casting products using commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. CFD code only give numerical results on casting like fill time, conversion of liquid to solid phase and many more, but it is not show relation among factors and their responses, so in this study a DOE technique is used for making relationship among factors and responses. Surface response methodology is used for this study using MINITAB software. Four factors are selected for DOE analysis. Box-Behnken Design methodology is final approach which is used in this study.

49-55

Authors: Anu Nair P, Saju Elias, Vincy John and Rajan K Amboori

Heat transfer using natural convection and fluid flow is an important phenomenon in daily life and engineering applications such as HVAC systems of building, harvesting energy using non-conventional energy sources, extraction of heat from electronic equipment and cooling technologies integrated in computer systems. The present study investigates about the two experiments: (1) Heat transfer taking place between two parallel-Vertical Plates by natural convection, in which two walls are adiabatic and other two ends are open to the ambient air and (2) The estimation of constant C in the expression of Nusselt Number from the data of temperature distribution obtained by performing experiments using a parallel Vertical-Plate by maintaining steady state conditions. Two parallel vertical plates made of Aluminium are allowed to cool in air, to ensure that Lumped capacitance formulation is valid. In the first case the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers were calculated experimentally and compared with the value available from the correlation which is found to be in good agreement. In the second case, the value of C in the expression of Nusselt Number was calculated using Least Square Residual Method and validated this result by introducing this value into the correlation available. The experimental setup which is required has been designed and fabricated.

61-65

Authors: Balwinder Singh, Lini Mathew and Sumit Patel

The objective of this paper is to describe the method for implementing smart features in sugar mill SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system. Indian sugar industry is the second largest agriculture based processing industry after the cotton textiles industry in India. There are more than 500 sugar factories in India. Over the years, the Indian Sugar Industry has been relying on ‘analog automation systems’ for various controls in Mill Section. Since last decade, the whole world of process industry is transforming from analog to digital, and even Sugar Industry cannot stay lagging the world. But in India, digital automation in sugar industry is very limited. Fully automated sugar mills are very few. The presented method aims towards providing smart automation system in sugar mill. The graphical programming software LabVIEW has been utilized to develop SCADA software. Virtual instrumentation is the latest form of modern technology and it is highly customizable. By using smart SCADA system, the performance and reliability of the sugar mill can be improved.

70-76

Authors: Chithirai Pon Selvan M, Nethri Rammohan and Sachidananda HK

Laser beam machining is a form of non-traditional machining that can machine almost any known materials. It is thermal, non-contact process, which does not induce any mechanical stresses in the work-piece. This paper presents a review on the conclusions of the various research papers available on laser beam machining on the various properties that affect the quality of the process such as heat affected zone formed in the work-piece, laser cut quality and why laser beam machining is more advanced than the other machining processes.