Sciencia Acta Xaveriana

1 - 8

Authors: T. R. Rajasekaran, R. Mary Jenila, J. Benet Charles

Single crystals of pure and MgF2 added Di-Ammonium Penta Fluoro Antimonates , an electro optic crystal has been grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals are subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis studies, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Microhardness studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction confirms the crystals belongs to Orthorhombic system.The FTIR spectrum analysis has confirmed the functional groups in the grown crystals. The optical behavior was examined by UV-Vis studies and found that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region. Microhardness studies reveal the mechanical strength of the grown crystals. The addition of MgF2 makes the surface of the crystal more softer than that of the pure (NH4)2SbF5 crystal.

21 - 38

Authors: T. Mathivanan, A. Lourdusamy, C. Muthulakshmi Sasikala

In graph pebbling games, one considers a distribution of pebbles on the vertices of a graph, and a pebbling move consists of taking two pebbles off one vertex and placing one on adjacent vertex. The pebbling number, f(G), of a graph G is the smallest m such that for every initial distribution of m pebbles on V(G) and every target vertex x, there exists a sequence of pebbling moves leading to a distribution with at least one pebble at x. In this paper, we determine the pebbling number of the square of an odd cycle.

51 - 64

Authors: Ize iyamu O.K., Okojie V.U., Osuide M.O., Ebu S.

A study was carried out to investigate the concentrations, distribution and speciation of some heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr in the bottom sediments of Ijana River which has been contaminated by effluent from petroleum exploitation activities. The total concentration levels of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr were determined specifically at upstream, effluent zone, downstream and recipient of storm water of the river. Pb, Cu, and Cr were found to be the most abundant metals in the river. The distribution pattern of the river indicates the source of pollution to be land-based. Sequential extraction showed that 30 -60% of Cd, were exchangeable fraction, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local environments while Cu, Pb and Cr were at moderate risk levels. From the relationship between percentage fraction of metal speciation and total metal concentration, it was found that the distribution of Cd, Cu, and Pb in some fractions were dynamic in the process of pollutants migration and the stability of metals in sediment of the Ijana River decreased in the order Cr > Pb > Cd > Cu. The correlation analysis suggest that some of the metals are strongly associated, indicating a common source or chemical similarity. The pollution load index (PLI) of the studied area ranged from 0.10 to 50.78 which indicated the sediments were polluted while the index of geoaccumulation showed that all the sampling points may face a severe metal pollution/contamination problem in the future.

1 - 10

Authors: J. Benet Charles, R. Mary Jenila, T. R. Rajasekaran

Ammonium Tetra Fluoro Antimonate NH4SbF4 (ATFA) , an electro optic crystal has been grown by slow evaporation technique. Powder X-ray diffraction method has been used for structural identification and determination of lattice parameters. Micro hardness studies have been carried out using a Vicker’s diamond pyramid indenter. The variation of micro hardness of pure ATFA and with the addition of metal alkali dopants such as Mg2 + are reported for the first time in this paper. The work hardening coefficient ’n’ is 2.32 for pure ATFA and 1.822 for Mg2+ doped ATFA crystal. This is explained on the basis of dislocations present in the crystal. The yield strength and stiffness constant were also calculated and reported in this paper.

27 - 44

Authors: P. Sagayaraj, R. Gunaseelan, A. Antony Raj, S. Selvakumar

We have adopted slope nucleation coupled slow evaporation method for the growth of high quality 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4-N-methylstilbazoliumtosylate (DAST) crystals. The structure of the crystal was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The FTIR results reveal the existence of the vinyl groups and their corresponding vibrational modes. The linear and nonlinear optical properties are studied by UV-Vis absorption and SHG test. The melting point and thermal behavior of DAST were investigated using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric(TG) analyses (TGA). The electrical properties of the crystal are investigated by dielectric and photoconductivity measurements.

61 - 66

Authors: Prem Anand Devarajan, R. Suhin Vimal Raj, S. Anbarasu, K. Kaviyarasu, T. Kishore Kumar

A very simple strategy known as wet chemical method for preparing inorganic CdO nano rods under ambient aqueous condition is presented. The CdO nano particles were harvested by adding a highly concentrated solution of one reactant to a solution of another reactant without adding any capping or surfactant agent. The as obtained nano rods were characterized using X-Ray Powdered Diffraction (XRPD), Fourier Transform Infra- Red (FTIR) and UVVis- NIR analyses. The results are presented in detail.

73 - 78

Authors: Prem Anand Devarajan, A.Sathish Kumar, S. Anbarasu, K. Kaviyarasu T. Kishore Kumar

Single crystals of Sodium 4-nitrophenolate dihydrate were conveniently grown from ethanol solution by employing slow evaporation technique. The as grown S4NP crystals were subjected to XRPD, FTIR and UV - vis - NIR spectral analysis. The results are discussed in detail.

87 - 106

Authors: T Mathivanan, A Lourdusamy, S Samuel Jeyaseelan

Given a configuration of pebbles on the vertices of a connectedgraph G, a pebbling move (or pebbling step) is defined as the removal of two pebbles off a vertex and placing one pebble on an adjacent vertex. The pebbling number, f(G), of a graph G is the least number m such that, however m pebbles are placed on the vertices of G, we can move a pebble to any vertex by a sequence of pebbling moves. In this paper, we determine f(G) for Jahangir graph J2,m.

1 - 8

Authors: B. Nanjegowda, N. Mal Reddy

The authorized commercial bivoltine silkworm hybrid namely, CSR2 x CSR4 was chosen for the present study. The hybrid was subjected to different temperature and humidity treatments i.e., 25±1°C and RH 65±5% (control), 301C, with combinations of low relative humidity (RH 65±5%) and high RH ( 85±5%) at different stages during rearing and spinning of silkworm larvae. The larvae of after 3rd moult were subjected to different thermal and humidity stress till the assessment of cocoon traits. The comparative rearing performance clearly indicated that the deleterious effect of high temperature and high RH was more pronounced for the majority of traits such as survival, cocoon yield, shell weight, and shell percentage, reelability, filament length, raw silk percentage and filament size than other temperature and RH treatments. The characters can be improved by providing ideal environmental conditions even during spinning stage of larvae affected with high temperature and RH.

21 - 28

Authors: PV. Madusoodhanan, M. Sharmina

Effect of NaCl on the growth of the Cyanobacteria Westiellopsis prolifica Janet has been studied. Growth was observed in different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0.1 to 0.9M but, maximum growth, chlorophyll-a ,protein content and ammonia excreation was noted in 0.6 M NaCl.

61 - 72

Authors: D. Prem Anand, T. Kishore Kumar, S. Anbarasu, S. Pandi, S. Selva Kumar, P. Sagayaraj

See the attachment file.

81 - 90

Authors: D. Prem Anand, T. Kishore Kumar, S. Anbarasu, S. Pandi, S. Selva Kumar, P. Sagayaraj

A new organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, Morpholin-4-ium 3 carboxy-2, 3-dihydroxypropanoate (M4CDP) was synthesized and good optical defect free single crystals of M4CDP were grown by slow evaporation solution growth method at room temperature for the first time. UV-Vis-NIR spectrum indicates that the crystal has a very good transmittance in the entire visible and near IR regions of the spectrum suggesting the suitability of the material for NLO applications. The absorbance of M4CDP was used to calculate the refractive index n, the extinction coefficient K and both the real r and imaginary i components of the dielectric constant. The TG trace reveals that the material has good thermal stability. Thermodynamic activation parameters were computed from the TG curve using Coats and Redfern and Non linear regression methods, which confirms second order kinetics.

97 - 102

Authors: P. Benjamin, Jeya Rathna Kumar, A. John De Britto, D. Herin Sheeba Graceli

Plants are the natural medicinal resources. The presence of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites determined the medicinal values of the plants. The medicinal property of the plant denoted the presence of active compounds in it. The presence of maximum numbers of active compounds exhibit high medicinal values. Solanum species are medicinal herbs used for the treatment of diverse ailments (diabetes, cholera, bronchitis, high blood pressure) and as laxatives. S. nigrum, S. torvum, S. trilobatum, S. surattense and S. melongena are important medicinal plants. Many other Solanum species are also used for medicinal purposes. The medicinal uses and antibacterial activity of the Solanum species are mainly due to the presence of bioactive constituents in the plants. Hence, the present study was focused to screen and separate the bioactive antibacterial constituents from the methanol extracts of leaves of five Solanum species, S. nigrum, S. torvum, S. trilobatum, S. surattense and S. melongena using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The chromatogram was observed under visible light, UV (365), UV (265) and Iodine chamber. Maximum numbers of bands were observed in leaves extracts of S. surattense.

1 - 16

Authors: P. Santhanam, J. Siva Kumar, T. Siva Kumar

A total of 56 Actinomycetes strains were isolated from Indian western ghat’s soil and their antagonistic activities were tested against six human pathogenic bacteria viz, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp.,Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis. Out of 56 strains isolated, only ten strains (WGA2, WGA7, WGA12, WGA15, WGA19, WGA21, WG29, WGA31, WGA37, and WGA49) showed high antibacterial activity against all the tested human bacterial pathogens. Among these, only 5 effective antagonistic strains (WGA7, WGA15, WGA21, WGA37 and WGA49) were selected for mutation study by using physical (UV radiation) and chemical (NTG) mutation methods. After the mutations, antibacterial activity of the strains viz WGA15, WGA49 (UV treated) WGA37 (NTG treated) was increased, but the WGA37 UV treated strain showed a decreased antibacterial activity. All the five strains possess LL-DAP and all the strains contained glycine in their cell wall. Presence of LLdiaminopimelicacid indicates that the cell wall having chemo type–1. So the cell wall property of the genes was identified the Streptomycetes.

23 - 29

Authors: R. Malathi, S. Ahmed John

Since plants posses mainly medicine properties, the present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities and phytochemical profile of the extracts from leaves of thylaphora asthamatica leaves. The antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method against bacteria viz.Staphylococcus aureis, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhi, E.coli and fungi aspergillus flavus, aspergellus niger, fusarium. The methanolic extract of leaves of T.asthamatica showed maximum activity than chloroform and aqueous extract. This shows that the plant can be used for medicnal purpose.

49 - 57

Authors: K. A. Hashim, V. Sobha, P. Pournami, S. Santhosh

Vembanadu Lake is the largest backwater systems of the Kerala State. The present study was carried out to evaluate the heavy metal contents from six different stations. Observations revealed that the heavy metal contents in some stations of this backwater system are beyond the standard limit.

73 - 82

Authors: A. Lourdusamy, P. Annammal, T. Nicholas

Let G = (V;E) be a graph with jVj = p and jEj = q. A total labeling l : V [E !f1;2; : : : ; p+qg is a bijection. The weight l : V [E !N is a function induced by l such that l (v) = l(v)+åx v l(vx) and l (e) = l(u)+l(v)+l(e), where e = uv. If l (v) is a constant for all v 2 V, then G is called vertex-magic. If l (e) is a constant for all e 2 E, then G is said to be edge magic. If G is both vertex magic and edge magic, G is called a totally magic graph. In this paper, we define path magic graphs and prove that any star graph is path magic. We also prove that totally magic graphs are path magic, but not the converse.

1-4

Authors: Sait Eren San

A new parameter is introduced in the structure of the phase term of the plane wave solution. This new parameter is satisfying a further symmetry in regard to famous conjugates of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, so the correlation between this parameter and angular momentum could provide new inspirations on the wave-particle duality, propagation dynamics of electromagnetic wave and possible connections between Quantum Mechanics and Electromagnetic Theory.

17 - 33

Authors: T.S. Dhillon P. Sahota; G. Pandove

A technology to produce low alcoholic self carbonated beverage from carrot:amla juice is developed. The yeast culture Clavispora lusitaniae has the potential to produce less alcohol (< 1%) and high bar pressure (1.5 bar) of carbon dioxide in fruit juice during fermentation. CO2 produced adds tangy taste, body and sparkle to the beverage, additionally is effective against gram negative aerobic spoilage bacteria. Its fungistatic and bacteriostatic effect depends on the dissolution of gas in water phase of beverage. When crop is harvested, it often creates a glut-like situation, so to safeguard the interest of progressive horticulturists, the utilization of fruits for the production of low alcoholic self carbonated beverage is economical and an appropriate viable technology.

49 - 55

Authors: S. Ahamed John; A. Cholarajan

Laccase activities were found after GLC analysis of culture liquid of mycelium extract Ganoderma lucidum grown on malt extract medium with or without inducers. These laccase enzyme (E.C.1.10.3.2 paradiphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase) catalysis the oxidation and polymerization of aromatic compounds in the presence of molecular oxygen. Laccase activity in the malt extract medium had on pH 3–4 and was stable from pH 3–10 during 24 hr at room temperature. This enzyme had wide substrates specificity on hydroquinone, methoxy-substituted monophenols and aromatic amines. The laccase activity was found only with compounds having a redox potential lower than 0.5 mV. The highest activity was obtained with methoxy, methyl-substituted p-hydroquinone and aromatic diamines. Some activity also occurred with the aliphatic compounds 3, 5– cyclohexadiene-1, 2-diol.

65 - 72

Authors: R. Malathi; A. Cholarajan

Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. It is an essential ingredient of animal and plant life. Ground water is required for industrial processes. Pollution of land, water and air through water generated as result of increasing population, urbanization and industrialization is a challenge of serious dimensions. Pollution of natural water by industrial waste is objectionable and damaging for many varied reasons. Primary importance is the possible hazard of public health by the contamination of stream with disease producing Microorganisms. The disposal of textile wastewater without treatment is the most common practice in the country, which adversely affects the environment, resulting in serious environmental problems. Environmental pollution is caused predominantly by the industrial effluent disposal in water bodies. To screen and identify different cellulolytic fungal isolates and determine the degradation activity of cellulolytic fungal species. To determine the BOD and COD of the tannery effluent by cellulolytic fungi after various incubation periods. The bioremediation or treating the tannery effluents using various cellulolytic fungi Trichoderma, Pencillium, Aspergillus Sp.

91 - 99

Authors: A. Lourdusamy M. Seenivasan

For any abelian group A, a graph G is said to be A-cordial if there exists a labeling f : V(G)→A such that for every a,b ∈ A we have |va −vb| ≤ 1 and (2) |ea −eb| ≤ 1, where va and ea respectively denote the number of vertices and edges having particular label a. In the present work we investigate a necessary condition for an Eulerian graph to be V4-cordial. In addition to this we show that all trees except P4 and P5 are V4-cordial and the cycle Cn is V4-cordial if and only if n # 4 or 5 or n # 2(mod 4).

107 - 117

Authors: Sangeeta. N. Bhat; A. Basavanagoud

Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) , edge set E(G). For each vertex (or edge) of G, a new vertex is taken and the resulting set of vertices is denoted by V1(G) (or E1(G)) respectively. Let G and L(G) denote the complement graph and line graph of G. The middle graph M(G) as an intersection graph ...