European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology

7-15

Authors: Celia Shahnaz, Md. Saleh Ebn Sharif, Md. Ziaul Hoque and Md. Shofiqul Islam

In this Paper, high resolution methods, such as Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), Root MUSIC and Estima-tion of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) are discussed that model the data as the output of a linear system driven by white noise, and then attempt to estimate the parameters of that linear system. The comparison of the amplitude, power (squared amplitude) and frequency estimation error, based on Matlab simulations is carried out in order to analyse the performance of MUSIC, RootMUSIC, ESPRIT methods in estimat-ing amplitude, power (squared amplitude) and frequency estimation of synthetic power signal both in clean and noisy conditions. Simulation results are presented on signal using mean square error (MSE) as the evaluation criterion. The variation of amplitude, power (squared amplitude) and frequency estimation are compared with respect to data sequence length and Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and their influences on MSE that demonstrate the performance of the high resolution methods are provided. Also the influences of different estimation methods on MSE are compared.

23-29

Authors: Syed Amjad Ahmad, Muzammal Mobeen, M Ahmad and Usama Ali

Vapour pressure is the most encouraging innovation for meeting all the cooling and refrigeration needs around the entire world. It is a develop innovation yet its ecological effects remain a worldwide issue. VC's refrigerants, for example, hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFC) and hydroflurocarbons (HFC) are a noteworthy wellspring of nursery discharges, and a dangerous atmospheric deviation potential (GWP) of these toxins is high 1000 times than CO2. So there is a critical need to build up an option high proficient cooling innovation that is moderate for the commercialization and environment inviting as well. Thermo-elastic cooling framework is among one of the option advances, and have exhibited promising execution potential on the material level. We exhibit that thermo-elasticcooling; a sort of cooling system which depends on the inert warmth of reversible marten-sitic change can have a coefficient of execution up-to 11, with a specifically measured ∆T up-to 17K. The execution of thermo-elastic cooling cycle utilizing Ni-Ti (Nitinol) composite was assessed based upon an adaptable model created in this study. It was found that the general framework COP was 1.53 for a standard case considering both driving engine and pump control utilizations, while COP ran from 5.2 to 7.7 when assessed with future enhancements. This new idea of separating cooling by pressing a strong state shape memory compound has pulled in individuals' consideration since it is an exceptional and new idea and does not depend upon fluorinated liquids. Thermo-elastic cooling framework has shown its potential for cooling in view of its better idle warmth than other focused advancements. The idea of thermo-elastic cooling framework is a feasible and ecological neighbourly cooling choice yet it is still in an early innovative work arrange. With the more research endeavours and upgrades to be carried out in future, this fresh out of the plastic new cooling innovation could be utilized as a part of our homes and workplaces.

39-42

Authors: AD Kulkarni and GS Anaokar

The quantification of evaporation losses is essentially carried out for systematic planning and management of irrigation system for draught prone area. Direct and indirect methods are popularly adopted for measurement of evaporation. In case of minor irrigation projects, it is challenging and unaffordable to setup, operate and maintain meteorological monitoring systems. Forecasting tools will be helpful in such minor irrigation projects. A fuzzy computing technique will be one of the significant tools to forecast the evaporative losses. In the present paper a fuzzy approach for forecasting evaporation losses of Makani Reservoir, Osmanabad (MS); India has been carried out. The parameters; temperature, wind speed, and humidity are considered. Linguistic variables are utilized to define input variables and output ranges. An evaporation loss is forecasted by taking into consideration a database for the year 2004 to 2014. A rule base system is adopted for greater precision. The validation is carried out for the next successive years.

51-55

Authors: H Vettrivel and P Mathiazhagan

Solar energy is received from sun can be converted into useful energy in the form of heat energy. One of the most efficient method water is heated using solar flat plate collector. This heated water can be used for domestic as well as industrial applications. The efficiency of collector depends with many parameters such as area of the collector, number of glass cover, wind velocity and overall top heat loss coefficient. To reduce top loss heat transfer coeffi-cient and improve heat transfer the conventional solar flat plate collector has modified with double glazing ar-rangements. The modified solar collector has installed at a latitude angle of 12 degree facing towards north-south directions. The experiments were carried out in thermosyphon principle from 10:00 to 16:00 hrs. The results show that over all top loss heat transfer coefficient has marginally reduced and collector efficiency 68% obtained. The flow pattern also studied using CFD analysis

10-14

Authors: Syed Amjad Ahmad, Anas Ahmad, Ahmed Butt and Taimoor Waqas

The objective of this research is to study the performance of the cooling towers and the factors affecting this per-formance and hence improving its efficiency by applying various methods the conducted research dealt with meas-uring performance parameters like temperature and flow rates of air and water in and out of the tower during a specific period. Then these measured parameters were evaluated and compared to ideal design data. Various methods were studied for performance improvement such as using rotating type aluminium packing, introducing water spraying louvers, using ceramic type packing etc. Declination in the efficiency is attributed to many reasons. Some of these reasons are due to negligence of routine cleaning and maintenance, dusty conditions, formation of deposits, failure of any mechanical parts... etc. Many suggestions have been presented in this study to improve the situation and hence the efficiency of the cooling towers which hopefully is expected to increase the performance of the cooling tower.

22-29

Authors: Younes Bourass and Saoudi Taibi

Topological analysis based on graph theory, has the merit of revealing the relevant properties of the structure of a network system.In this working paper, the topological analysis is used to analyse the structural properties of the project risk network. The main idea here is that the risks faced by a large infrastructure project are not independent but are often interrelated and can evolve by propagation, whence their structuration in network. Therefore, the appeal to the network theory is not trivial but is a significant development in the field of research on the analysis and management of project risks. The aim of this study is to identify critical risks and interactions among risks with regard to their roles in the network. This will provide valuable information that complements the traditional analysis based on the evaluation of the likelihood and impact of risks. The originality of this work manifests itself, particularly, through the application of topological analysis in the field of project risks management, and the adaptation of indicators of network theory, in particular, the indicators of connectivity, interface and betweenness centrality.The application on a real complex engineering project allows us to validate the usefulness and feasibility of the proposed approach.

37-41

Authors: Syed Amjad Ahmad, Umair Muneer, Saifullah, Mohsin Jamshed, Hafiz Saad Abdullah

The word Solar in the title of the project has key importance because our main aim to develop this project was to introduce such a refrigeration system which could utilize the solar energy instead of electricity.Besides solar en-ergy,the system could also be run on waste heat from engines,turbines etc.As sun is the ultimate source of energy and can be found everywhere in the universe and especially Pakistan is one of those countries where there are maximum number of sunny days per annum.The rural areas where there is inadequate electricity can be easily benefitted with such a refrigeration system. We have tried our best to make the system as efficient as possible by using Titanium Nitride Oxide coating to enhance the absorbing capacity of solar collector.Styrofoam has been used to increase insulation.This system can easily be used by the tourists during camping stay far away from home.The working process is very simple with three fluid systems namely water as an absorber,ammonia as a refrigerant and hydrogen as a pressure regulating gas having its currents within the evaporator and absorber. Water after absorbing ammonia is moved to the generator with the help of a bubble pump where heat is given to the mixture from the solar collector. After heating, ammonia is separated from water because of its low boiling point and moves to the condenser where heat is extracted from it and is sent to the evaporator. In the evaporator the overall pressure of ammonia and hydrogen is divided causing faster evaporation of ammonia in the evaporator by achieving low boiling point and causing cooling. The work illustrated deals with the design, fabrication and testing of the aforementioned concept. The system was operated on a sunny day, the collector fluid temperature and cabin temperatures were monitored. The obtained results have been tabulated and the C.O.P and tonnage of the refrigerator were also computed.

46-51

Authors: Aqeel Ur Rehman, Arshad Ahmad, Amjad Ahmad, Arslan Hayat and Ahsan Badr Khan

Thermoelectric devices convert temperature gradient to electric voltage, and vice-versa. With the rising awareness about global warming and the scarcity of fossil fuels, these devices recently drew worldwide attention. Thermoelectric devices have emerged as promising power generating source from waste heat without burning any extra fuel. Due to this green feature and distinct advantages, the thermoelectric technology is instrumental in designing simple, compact and environment friendly system for harnessing waste heat emitted by automobile exhaust. The project is based on an array of thermoelectric modules which convert thermal energy into electricity for the purpose of charging small batteries etc. During this research, an assembly of thermoelectric modules is tested at various RPMs of the engine and several temperature gradients with a goal of proving its effectiveness in producing current for electrical parts running in an automobile. The research data proved that their current conversion efficiency is technically and economically practical for small applications.

62-67

Authors: Ashish Shrivastava and Gitesh Vijay

An assembly line is a manufacturing processor simply a progressive assembly in whichthe components are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced. By mechanically moving the parts to the assembly work and moving the semi-finished assembly from workstation to workstation, there may arises a problem of sudden stoppage of assembly line due to failure of some machine parts because of many reasons.In this research task,an effective algorithm for avoidance in the assembly line stop-page is designed and implemented using ant colony and firefly approach to get the root cause of stoppage of assembly line and thereafter a comparative study is done to find out the better approach among them.

5-10

Authors: Md.Saleh Ebn Sharif, Mohammad Shakil Khanand Ahmad Fahad Tayab

Energy efficiency improvement and energy saving are major industrial concerns now-a-days. This paper mainly aims at focusing key issues for reducing energy wastage and subsequent reduction of excessive energy consumption due to inefficient machinery and unplanned electrical system. In order to improve the energy consumption pattern, particularly jute processing industry of Bangladesh is considered as case study; several energy saving scopes and way of improvement have been identified. The objective is to addresses utilization strategy through mathematical analysis to maximize machine efficiency leads to greater production, financial profit by reduction of energy bill as well as trapping carbon emission. In addition, to attain the target of improving energy efficiency of Bangladesh Government’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), this strategy can contribute by decarbonizing industrial operation and supply chains thorough improved energy efficiency. Also tend to reduce the carbon footprint of jute products, services and processes. This leads to setting ambitious emissions reductions targets in line with development of green industry; also scaling up potential investment scope as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects in the development of innovative low-carbon products and services.

18-24

Authors: Deepak P Hujare, Nitesh R Girase and Madhuri G Karnik

Crack is one of the measure catastrophic failure in mechanical machines so it’s necessary to detect it in early stage. In this paper proposed a method to identify crack in early stage. The purpose of this study is to describe relation between modal natural frequencies change due to crack in shaft with respective crack parameters like Depth, Location and Width. Analysis is done for Single Crack and is evaluated. Analysis reveals how modal natural frequency decreases with change in crack size. It has been observed that when shaft suffers from a crack or any damage then its dynamic properties changes. Crack causes a reduction in stiffness and ultimately reduction in its modal natural frequencies which leads to change in dynamic response of the shaft. The results of modal analysis using FEA are validated with experimental modal analysis.

32-35

Authors: Rohit G Bal

IP filtering is a technique used to control IP packets flow in and out of a network where Filter engine inspects at source and destination IP of incoming and outgoing packets. Here Filter engine is designed to improve the performance of the filter, i.e. to reduce the processing time of the filtering mechanism. The data structure used in the IP filter is hashing, for larger number of hosts and various ranges IP network of hosts hashing provides much better performance than link list. Here hash function for the hash table is valid IP ranges. In hash table technique the comparison can be done with minimum number of comparisons.

40-46

Authors: Md. Zulfikar Hasan

In this study the author analyzed the effects of sewing thread count on seam strength. In this study different types of seam classes (Superimposed Seam, Lapped Seam & Bound Seam) were produced by using different sewing thread counts (Tex-27, Tex-60, Tex-80 & Tex-120) and Stitch Class-300 (Lock Stitch) was used to produce the seams keeping the Stitch Per Inch at 4.5. Here seam strengths of different seams were determined by using Titan Universal Strength Tester and ASTM D1683-04 method was used to determine seam strengths. After completing the research work, it was found that seam strength increased with the increment of sewing thread count for same seam class. But the suitability of the sewing thread countchanged with the variation in thread size whendifferent seam classescame into account.

55-60

Authors: Senthilkumar Palaniappan and Murugappan Alagappan

The purpose of this observational work is to produce an innovative engineered technique in vegetable market waste management.Even though many treatment methods were currently adopted in treating the organic green waste (composting, land fill, vermicomposting etc.,) but vermicomposting is highly commended, since it converts the green waste into enriched nutrient manure with less operational cost.The trouble with the vermicomposting process is, it consumes more time.And very particular, when it comes to vermicomposting, the waste should be pre-composted for two weeks (depends on the nature of waste) before they fed to worms to avoid the impact load on worms (Ndegwa and Thompson, 1999).This work focuses on getting rid of the pre-composting process in vermicomposting, by carrying the green waste and feed the stocked waste to vermi at the needed time.This will shorten the time expelled in the process and high percent of intensity reduction of waste will be attained. The findings from the current study show the high feasibility of using the modified vermicomposting process because of the following reasons; (i) high volume reduction of waste in short duration. (ii) The stocked waste can be utilized at any time for vermicomposting (iii) 40%-time difference was recorded in the modified vermicomposting process than the formal one.

5-11

Authors: Amber Batwara and Pankaj Sharma

This paper deals with the application computer aided engineering integrating with statistical technique to reduce the fill time variation depends on injection molding process parameters. Injection molding is one of the most exploited industrial processes in the production of plastic parts. Fill Time behavior of molded plastic part plays an important role in determining the final dimensions of part. Input parameters play an important role of quality of plastic parts. In this work input parameter melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed and packing pressure to control fill time as response of injection molded parts to improve the quality of plastic part. In this study Mold Flow Advisor (MFA) is used to study & verify the effect to process parameters and optimize the fill time. Optimization of process parameters done using design of experiments (DOE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) optimum combination of process parameter is governed by signals to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) and using the fuzzy logic approach .

21-25

Authors: Kamlesh Pandey, Nidhi Asthana, Sharda Sundaram Sanjay and Mrigank Mauli Dwivedi

Development of biodegradable natural polymers, open the enormous field of applications in the area of technical as well as medical science. Today, various natural polymers have been utilized in different biomedical applications. Aloe vera is one of them. Synthesis of PEO- Lithium acetate composite polymer electrolyte with organic and natural plasticizers shows the better thermal stability and ionic conductivity. The electrolyte film was synthesized by solution cast technique. Changes in structural morphology have been observed using XRD and FTIR technique. Variation of electrical conductivity with temperature was studied with the aid of impedance spectroscopy.

34-39

Authors: V Divyateja, P Aruna Kumari and Dhiren Kumar Sethi

Speaker recognition is defined as the ability to recognize an individual based on the speech signal. The speech signals are recorded using microphones and the data stored in .wav format. Since the speaker recognition systems are mostly used in security based applications modeling, the distribution in the presence of noise and extracting the features efficiently with moderate or low signals is very much needed. The input speech signal is processed and converted in to machine readable format. The features are extracted using feature extraction algorithm. The identity of the speaker is then established with the matching of those feature vectors with that of the data available in database. Several models are utilized for the effective recognition of the speaker. In this paper using different techniques like MFCC, SDC and PCA, the speech is detected along with gamma distribution. The software used for implementing the above techniques is MATLAB.

43-46

Authors: Sabirov B, Ruziev I, Radjabov M, Samandarov A and Rajabov J

One of the actual questions of the present time is the necessity of widely increasing degree of automatization of productive process and raising the reliability the technological equipments, lowering of their material and power consumption . Due to this issues research on this area is very important. This article discusses the (standalone) device for cutting a plastic bar. The analysis is done for the forces acting on the components of the installation when cutting plastic bar.

56-61

Authors: RN Barik

An attempt is made to study the effect of heat and mass transfer of an unsteady rotating flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past an uniformly accelerated infinite isothermal vertical plate embedded in a porous medium, in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field, heat sink and chemical reaction. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using Laplace transform method. It is observed that the velocity increases with increasing values of thermal Grashof number or mass Grashof number. The permeability of the porous medium accelerates the velocity whereas the heat absorbing coefficient decelerates the velocity of flow field at all points. Further, it is found that the chemical reaction parameter has a retarding effect on velocity and concentration profile.

66-72

Authors: PK Mishra and Dipty Rani Dhal

In this paper we have estimate bounds of the number of level crossings of the random algebraic polynomials where are dependent random variables assuming real values only and following the normal distribution with mean zero and joint density function . There exists an integer n0 and a set E of measure at most such that, for each n>n0 and all not belonging to E, the equations (1) satisfying the condition (2), have at most roots where α and A are constants.

8-15

Authors: PK Das and Prasanta Haldar

After passing two V -type atoms successively through a single mode interacting field in a cavity we arrive at a state which has been analyzed to study nonclassicality of the evolved state of the system. In the process we plan to study Mandel’s Q-parameter and normal squeezing of the resulting field.

20-24

Authors: Waqar Ali Khan, Imran Shamshad, Umar Shafiq and Ahmad Mukhtar

The world is facing declining liquid fuel reserves at a time when energy demand is exploding. Alternative fuel is currently an important issue all over the world due to efforts on reducing the global warming which is contributed by the combustion of petroleum or petrol diesel. In order to achieve a secure and stable energy supply that does not cause environmental damage, renewable energy sources must be explored and promising technologies must be developed. In this study one of the renewable energy technology known and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis is considered and a design methodology for the Fischer-Tropsch Reactor for the production of Green Diesel from Coal Syngas is presented.

34-38

Authors: Uttam S Narwaria, Premanand S Chauhan and Juber Husain

Finite difference simulation of horizontal fin with an aspect ratio of 3 has been conducted in the present study for cooling of electronic equipment. Two-dimensional heat conduction equation governs the physical problem. Three different materials Aluminium, Copper and Nickel will be studied to see the effect of thermophysical property on the cooling rate of fin at particular given temperature range or heat flux range. Appropriate boundary conditions have been adopted which represent the actual physical scenario of a fin. MATLAB used to simulate the governing equation and boundary conditions.

45-51

Authors: D Anjaneyulu, B Ajanta Reddy and BVNR Siva Kumar

This paper describes the design of a wheelchair which is controlled with a Keyboard or Accelerometer. Accelerometer is going to produce different voltages based on tilting. The ADX335 MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) Accelerometer senses the tilt of the hand. According to tilt it will produce voltages are given to microcontroller then the controller gives directions to Relays in the board. The Relays in the board will decides direction of wheelchair by ON/OFF corresponding motors. And also it can be controlled by using Arrow keys in the keyboard i.e. (Up. Down, Left, Right). Based on Arrow keys pressed on key board the corresponding direction of wheelchair is going to be change. Advantage of wheelchair is cost is low, power consumption of batteries is less, we can control easily, Complexity of design is less.

59-71

Authors: Salah A Aly, Mohammed A Ibrahim and Mostafa M Khttab

The amount of construction and demolition (C&D) waste has increased considerably over the last few decades. From the viewpoint of environmental preservation and effective utilization of resources, crushing C&D concrete waste to produce coarse aggregate (CA) with different replacement percentage for the production of new concrete is one common means for achieving a more environment-friendly concrete. In the study presented herein, the investigation was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the selection of the materials was carried out and the physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics of these materials were evaluated. Different concrete mixes were designed. The investigation parameter was Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) ratios. The mechanical properties of all mixes were evaluated based on compressive strength and workability results. Accordingly, two mixes have been chosen to be used in the next phase. In the second phase, the study of the structural behavior of the concrete beams was developed. Sixteen beams were casted to investigate the effect of RCA ratios, the shear span to depth ratios and the effect of different locations and reinforcement of openings on the shear behavior of the tested specimens. All these beams were designed to fail in shear. Test results of the compressive strength of concrete indicated that, replacement of natural aggregate by up to 50% recycled concrete aggregates in mixtures with 350 Kg/m3 cement content led to increase of concrete compressive strength. Moreover, the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity of the specimens with RCA have very close values to those with natural aggregates. The ultimate shear strength of beams with RCA is very close to those with natural aggregates indicating the possibility of using RCA as partial replacement to produce structural concrete elements. The validity of both the Egyptian Code for the design and implementation of Concrete Structures (ECCS) 203-2007 and American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318-2011Codes for estimating the shear strength of the tested RCA beams was investigated. It was found that the codes procedures gives conservative estimates for shear strength.

78-82

Authors: SM Omair and Samir Kumar Pandey

An e-epidemic SI1I2R (susceptible - Infectious1 - Infectious2 - Recovered) model characterizing the spread of viruses in a computer network has been developed to have a better understanding of the reason of virus attack. A study of the basic reproduction number reveals the affect of virus attack. Moreover, primary simulation results show the positive impact of increasing security measures on virus propagation in computer network. We have analyzed the behavior of the Susceptible, Infected and Recovered nodes in the computer network with real parametric values. Efficiency of antivirus software and crashing of the nodes due to virus attack critically analyzed. Numerical methods and MATLAB are employed to solve and simulate the system of equations developed and interpretation of the model yields interesting revelations.