Asian Journal of Chemistry

477-487

Authors: G. Santosh

Tetrapyrrolic porphyrins are the molecules of choice for nature where light absorption and metal based chemistry plays an important role in biological systems. Constant efforts are directed at modifying the porphyrin skeletal structure to result in porphyrins with fine-tuned physical properties. This review focusses on the chemistry of porphyrins with five-membered aromatic rings such as furan, pyrrole and thiophene as substituents at the meso position of porphyrins. Substitution with these five-membered rings at the meso-position of porphyrins brings about significant modulation of HOMO-LUMO gap, which reflects in shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra and in their electrochemical properties compared to the conventional porphyrins with six-membered aryl substituents. The synthetic modification of these five-membered rings by introdcution of various functional groups were also discussed.

495-500

Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Harish Sharma, M.C. Vishwakarma, S.K. Joshi, N.S. Bhandari and N.D. Kandpal

In the present study, removal efficiency (%) of Rubus ellipticus leaves (REL) as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions was investigated. Different parameters i.e., pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose and initial metal ion concentration were investigated to obtain the optimum adsorption efficiency. At pH 4, a maximum adsorption was 84.6, 80.2 and 74.5 % for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. The maximum adsorption of all the three metal ions obtained at contact time (75 min), initial metal ion concentration (10 mg/L), temperature (25 ºC) and adsorbent dose (5.0 g). The equilibrium adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions at different temperature was described by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The equilibrium data fitted well the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters like Gibb′s free energy (ΔGº), enthalpy (ΔHº) and entropy (ΔSº) were also calculated. The calculated parameters indicated that adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions onto Rubus ellipticus leaves (REL) was spontaneous (ΔGº < 0), endothermic (ΔGº > 0). The feasibility of the process was evident from the positive value of ΔSº.

508-514

Authors: Vinay Kumar Chintalapudi, Ramya Krishna S.L. Kanamarlapudi, Useni Reddy Mallu and Sudhamani Muddada*

In the present study, initially Aspergillus niger was tested for biosorption of Pb(II) ions and then studied the effect of pretreatment for enhanced biosorption. It was found that the maximum biosorption potential was achieved with citric acid treatment (70.56 %) in comparison with the biomass without treatment (65.46 %) at a biosorbent dose of 20 mg/L, pH 4, 100 rpm, 37 ºC for 8 h. The optimized conditions for treated Aspergillus niger were determined by optimizing the biosorption parameters such as pH, temperature, biomass dose, incubation time and agitation speed. This study indicates that the citric acid treated Aspergillus niger is an effective biosorbent for removal of lead (II) at optimized conditions with the maximum biosorption potential of 83.6 % as compared to previous reported work. SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis showed the structural variations and the functional groups involved in lead biosorption, respectively. Biosorption kinetics showed that pseudo second order kinetic model as the better fit.

519-527

Authors: S.R. Kande, B.H. Zaware, G.G. Muley and A.B. Gambhire*

A series of SnO2/activated carbon (AC) nanomaterials were prepared by co-doping V(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) with nitrogen and sulphur, separately by co-precipitation method, combined with surfactant incorporation method. The as-prepared sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Brunauer-Teller method (BET), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the phase composition, crystallite size, BET surface area and optical absorption of samples varied significantly with the nature dopants. The photocatalytic activities of these co-doped SnO2/AC catalysts were investigated by degradation rhodamine B in aqueous solution under solar-light illumination. The results showed an appreciable enhancement in the photoactivity of Fe/N/SnO2/AC as compared to other co-doped SnO2/AC because of smaller particle size, higher specific surface area, photogenerated carrier′s separation and solar light absorption. The degradation rate of rhodamine B dye reached 98 % in 30 min, which is about 10 times higher than that of pure SnO2.

539-542

Authors: S. Arthi, D. Sumalatha*, K. Susmitha, Manan Bhargavi and Alina Jyothi Joseph

A novel Schiff base [SAL-L=2-((2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-ylimino)methyl phenol] was synthesized and used as ligand for the synthesis of Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes. The structural characterization of ligand and its Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes was determined using various spectroscopic methods. Based on spectral studies, a square planar and octahedral geometry have been proposed for Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes, respectively. DNA binding properties of these metal complexes with calf-thymus DNA in tris-hydrochloride buffer (pH 7.2) were investigated using UV- visible absorption studies. The binding constants were in the order of 105 M-1 suggested a good binding affinity towards CT-DNA. The synthesized ligand is docked on TSPO protein showing good binding energy and found to be a potent inhibitor of cancer.

550-554

Authors: Suresh Kumar Patel, Dhananjay Singh* and Rahul Dev

Arsenic is a ubiquitous and short-term poisoning element, which affects living things. In this study, the removal of arsenic from Gomti river water, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh integrated modified double slope solar still with activated adsorption bed has been applied. Arsenic contamination in Gomti river at five places were found in the river water in the range of 55.70 ppb to 681.60 ppb, which exceed the maximum permissible limit of 10 ppb as recommended by WHO. Maximum concentration of arsenic in water was found in Mohan Maekins (681.60 ppb). However, mean arsenic concentration in water followed the order: Gaughat (115.37 ppb) < Hanuman setu (297.80 ppb) < Barrage (302.62 ppb) < Kukrail (336.27 ppb) < Mohan Maekins (481.89 ppb). The amount of adsorbed arsenic was increased with increasing initial concentration of arsenic. The aim of this study is to develop a low-cost process for the removal of arsenic effectively including the production of potable water. After results, data were analyzed with ICP-MS method and also verified with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.

561-564

Authors: Dileep Kumar M. Guruswamy and Shankar Jayarama*

(2E)-3-(2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(naphthalene-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (d1) was synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation method and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral studies. The anti-inflammatory activity was conducted in Swiss albino rats for paw edema model. Edema was actuated with 1 % carrageenan to every one of the animals following 1 h of the oral medicines. Paw thickness was checked at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 24 h. Stair climbing score and motility score were surveyed at t = 24 h. Compound d1 signicant decline in paw thickness at p < 0.001 diminished by 32 % in paw thickness. The compound d1 signicantly expanded the stair climbing and motility score. This study suggested that the compound d1 exhibits remarkable anti-inflammatory activity when compared with that of the standard drug

570-574

Authors: Annie Aureen Albert*, D.G. Harris Samuel, and V. Parthasarathy

CuO-PVA hybrid nanofluid was synthesized within PVA matrix by a simple wet chemical precipitation method. The influence of rate of addition of precursor (NaOH) on the structure, morphology and stability of CuO-PVA hybrid nanofluids were studied. The structure was confirmed by XRD and UV-visible spectroscopy. High resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed the formation of smaller particles for addition of precursor in solid form or rapid addition (RA), whereas slow addition of precursor (SA) resulted in uniform particle size. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of sample SA shows rings with small bright spots indicating that the sample is nano crystalline. The SAED pattern of sample RA shows diffuse rings with lesser number of bright spots indicating that it is less crystalline. The stability studies indicate that both the samples were stable for more than one year.

580-586

Authors: Ranjit V. Gadhave* and Bhanudas S. Kuchekar

A new series of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized by condensation of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxylate derivatives with substituted benzothiazoles. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, MS and 1H NMR spectra. Designed triazoloquinazoline derivatives were docked with oxido-reductase enzyme (PDB Code 4h1j) and DNA gyrase enzyme (PDB Code 3g75). Based on high binding affinity score, the best compound were selected for synthesis and subjected to in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Compounds 7a and 7d were found to be most active compounds as antioxidant agent among this series when compared with ascorbic acid. Compounds 7a, 7d and 7f were found to be most active compounds as an antibacterial agents among this series when compared with ciprofloxacin against bacterial strains such as S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Study revealed that the most active compounds after structural modifications can be exploited as lead molecules for other pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidepressant activities.

592-596

Authors: Ami Ansul Shah, Belina Xavier and D. Jayalakshmi*

The prospect of developing new approaches in the assembly of noble metal nanoparticles and its functions has been garnering intense interest among researchers in various fields. The green synthesis method is an evolving trend as it is environment benign and aids in large-scale formation of nanoparticles. The versatile properties of green synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) like surface plasmon resonance, stability and morphology are examined by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies at pH 7. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis confirms the pivotal role of anthocyanins and polyphenols in Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) fruit extract for the capping of AuNPs. The size of gold nanoparticles is in the range of 10 to 40 nm and they exhibit greater negative value of zeta potential. The catalytically active AuNPs follow the pseudo-first order kinetic model and takes 10 min for rapid degradation and adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. These results confirm that Fragaria ananassa has a remarkable function in the plant-mediated synthesis of AuNPs and thus can emerge as a positive platform to convert water pollutants into harmless molecules.

602-606

Authors: Pham Thi Mai Huong*, Truong Anh Thu, Chu Qui Thuong, Tran Hong Con and Nguyen Thi Huong*

Tay Nguyen red mud abundantly found in Vietnam, is a waste product of alumina production formed during processing of bauxite. It is rich in aluminate, residual alkaline, and oxides, such as silicon, iron, and titanium oxides. Iron oxide, which constitutes 45-55 % of Tay Nguyen, is useful for Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesis. In this study, a Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using Tay Nguyen by the chemical co-precipitation method, which required a non-oxidizing oxygen-free environment. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and vibrating-sample magnetometry. Adsorption of hexavalent chromium by the nanocomposite was conducted under batch conditions. Pseudo-second-order equations were used to describe kinetic data of adsorption reactions; the equations were fitted to kinetic data as shown by the results. The isotherms of adsorption were also studied using the linear forms of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir equation exhibited higher linear correlation with the experimental data than the Freundlich equation did. The maximum monolayer coverage, qmax at 297 K was 31.44 mg/g.

612-618

Authors: Rotimi A. Larayetan*, Yahaya Abdulrazaq and Omobola O. Okoh

Callistemon citrinus belong to the kingdom plantae, family Myrtaceae and genus Callistemon. It grows in Australia but has been naturalized in South Africa. It is used as traditional herb to combat both gastro-intestinal and respiratory diseases, pain, diseases caused by bacteria and fungi infection. About 500 g of the air-dried leaves were pulverized each month and subjected to hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus. Hydro-distillation of the fresh leaves of C. citrinus gave a pale yellow volatile oil with a strong scenty fragrance, about 97 components were identified in the 12 treatments analyzed each month. The key components were pinocarvone (1.25-6.17 %), pinocarveol (0.10-9.56 %), α-terpineol (5.24-9.94 %), α-pinene (7.45-22.75 %), limonene (24.08) and eucalyptol (14.69-72.35 %). The compositional profile of the leaves of C. citrinus varied between (January-December). Treatments under investigation revealed markedly qualitatively and quantitatively differences. Antioxidant capacity of the volatile oil of C. citrinus leaves evaluated also demonstrated significance influence of seasonal variation on its activity. The most exigent activity for DPPH free radical scavenging was recorded in the month of September (spring) with an IC50 of 0.50 ± 0.04 mg mL-1, while the most paramount activity for the ABTS assay was 0.94 ± 0.02 mg mL-1 in January (summer).The lowest activity were observed in the June (winter) collection with IC50 of 1.45 ± 0.00 mg mL-1 and 2.19 ± 0.05 mg mL-1 for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Results show that seasonal variations affected the chemical compositions, oil yield as well as antioxidant activities of the volatile oil of the leaves of (C. citrinus); therefore, it is important to consider such effects for industrial and therapeutic purposes.

627-633

Authors: Anurag Geete*, B.D. Shrivastava and Ashutosh Mishra

In present investigation, seven copper(II) complexes were synthesized using various aniline dithiocarbamate. The synthesized Cu(II) complexes were studied for different structural and chemical parameters using XRD, EXAFS and XANES. The output obtained from X-ray studies was synthesized using Athena and Origin 6.0 software. The results of the investigation were used in determining the structures of the synthesized complexes. The particle size of the synthesized complexes ranged between 46.7 and 125.3 nm. The lattice constant of Cu(II) complexes was found 3.61-3.62 Å.

641-645

Authors: E. Jayanthi*, M. Anusuya, R. Anusuya, K. Thenmozhi, A. Nagaveni and N.S.P. Bhuvanesh

A new ruthenium arsine complex was prepared by reacting equimolar ratio of [RuBr3(AsPh3)3] and 2-benzoyl pyridine. It was characterized by microanalysis, FT-IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. X-ray diffraction data showed the distorted octahedral geometry of the complex. The pyridine nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen of the ligand coordinated with the metal center. Antioxidant activity of the complex was analyzed using different assays, which manifested significant activity. It has been found that a newly synthesized complex possessed better antioxidant activity than the ligand and precursor complex.

653-658

Authors: S. Anandhi, D. Keerthika, M. Leo Edward and V. Jaisankar*

In present work, polyindole-Nb2O5 nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by various analytical methods. Niobium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by sol gel method. Polyindole and Nb2O5 nanocomposites was prepared by chemical polymerization method and the morphology of Nb2O5 nanoparticles, polyindole and the nanocomposite was studied by SEM. The chemical structure of Nb2O5 nanoparticle, polyindole and the nanocomposite was characterized by UV-visible, FTIR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Elemental composition and chemical character was analyzed by the use of EDAX technique. The X-ray powder diffraction technique was used to determine the degree of crystallinity and crystallite sizes. Thermal analysis such as TGA and DSC showed that the conducting polymers in the nanocomposites were stable even at high temperatures.

665-677

Authors: R. Suganthi Devi and N. Kumaraguru*

To enhance the application of metalosurfactants in the field of drug delivery, it is essential to acquire the role of surfactants in terms of micellization, hydrophobicity, interaction with nucleic acids, reactive changes with abnormal cells and pathogenic organisms. A new class of two ruthenium(II) metallosurfactant complexes [Ru(DMP)2(CA)Cl](ClO4) (1) and [Ru(DMP)2(CA)2](ClO4)2 (2), where DMP = 2,9-dimethyl[1,10]phenanthroline) and CA = cetyl amine were synthesized and characterized. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the thermodynamic parameters of micellization were determined and the variations suggest the expression of hydrophobic interaction in these complexes. The binding affinity of ruthenium(II) metallosurfactant complexes with CT-DNA has been investigated by spectroscopic and viscosity magnitudes. The outcomes expose that the complexes associate with CT-DNA through intercalation mode. Subsequently the complexes were taken for in vitro anticancer and antimicrobial inhibition study against human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) and pathogenic microorganisms and found that the complexes exhibited remarkable inhibitory action. The cytotoxic nature of the complexes towards, HeLa cells, was adopted by MTT assay and apoptosis were examined by AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) and tryphanblue staining methods showing that complexes affected the viability of the cells significantly.

683-689

Authors: Blassan Samuel* and Madhvesh Pathak

A new class of moisture stable heteroleptic titanium(IV) complexes, synthesized from 8-hydroxyquinoline of the type [(Q)2Ti(2-O-5-X-C6H3CH2NC6H4R] (3a-j), was prepared by reacting the antecedent molecule [(Q2)Ti(OiPr)2] (2) with various 2-hydroxy-N-phenyl-benzylamine analogues in 1:1 molar ratios in dry toluene (where, HQ = 8-hydroxyquinoline; iPr = isopropyl; R = H, 4-CH3, 4-OCH3, 2-Cl, 4-Cl, 2-Br, 4-Br; X= H, Br). Moisture sensitive study disclosed that these new metal complexes were unreacted for 72 h. Mass spectral data were employed for proving the mono-nuclearity of the new derivatives. Thermal decomposition pattern of the new derivatives was explained by thermogravimetric analyses. Elemental analyses data are in concordance with their expected values. The hexa-coordinated way of titanium-ligand linkage is further proved through NMR, FTIR, and UV-visible spectral studies. The cytotoxic efficiency of new complexes was tested against MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell line. Complex 3a exhibited the highest cytotoxic potential of 0.039 μM in comparison to all its analogues of this series by employing cisplatin as the standard.

697-702

Authors: Dohyun Moon, Sunghwan Jeon, Keon Sang Ryoo and Jong-Ha Choi*

The crystal structure of 3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo(16.4.0.07,12)docosane-2-(nitric acid), C20H40N4·2(NO2OH) had been determined using synchrotron radiation at 220 K. The compound crystallized in the space group P21/n of the monoclinic system with two mononuclear formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 9.1930(18), b = 10.120(2), c = 12.979(3) Å and β = 101.06(3)º. The asymmetric unit contains half a centrosymmetric macrocycle and one nitric acid molecule. There were two molecules in the unit cell. In structure of macrocycle, C-C and N-C bond lengths were in the range 1.5198(19) to 1.5367(18) Å and 1.4744(16) to 1.4986 (16) Å, respectively. The NO2OH group has one longer N-O bond of 1.3441(18) Å and two shorter N-O bond of 1.2509(19) Å and 1.2510(19) Å, and O-N-O angles of 126.31(14)º, 117.98(14)º and 115.71(14)º. The N-H···O and N-H···N hydrogen bonds interconnect macrocycle (C20H40N4) with nitric acid molecules while two O-H···O hydrogen bonds link the nitric acid molecule to neighboring nitric acid molecule each other. The molecule was stabilized by forming intermolecular N-H···O, N-H−N and O-H···O hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis by 3D molecular surface contours and 2D fingerprint plots have been used to analyze intermolecular interactions present in the crystal.

706-726

Authors: Ashutosh Kumar*, Anjali Pandey and Anil Mishra*

In this paper, a complete quantum chemical calculation has been done to describe the relevant structural aspects of novel 2,3-bis[(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)sulfanyl]quinoxaline with combination of DFT/B3LYP method 6-311++G(d,p) basis set in gas phase and in solvent phase. The molecular structure was examined by using IR, 1H & 13C NMR and UV-visible techniques and solvent effect on spectroscopic properties are also discussed. The vibrational assignments are analyzed by PED using Gauss View 5.0 and VEDA 4.0 program. The 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shifts are calculated using the gauge-independent atomic orbital method (GIAO method) in gas phase and in solvents (water, DMSO and chloroform). The UV spectrum is calculated by using TD-DFT/6-311++G(d,p) method in gas phase and in solvent (water, DMSO and chloroform) using IEF-PCM model. With the help of theoretical calculations chemical activities, electrophilic/nucleophilic nature and sites in the molecule, molecular and chemical properties that cannot be obtained by experimental way are obtained. Accordingly, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), hardness (η)/softness (S) parameters, net charges analyses are investigated to gain electrophilic and nucleophilic nature. Also the sites in molecule and Fukui function analysis are discussed. The dipole moment (μ), polarizability (αtot), anisotropic polarizability (Δα) and first-order hyperpolarizability (βtot) of the title compound are reported and results shows that the material is capable to generate non-linear effect (NLO). The in silico study of all the biological and ADMET properties of title molecule are also discussed and compared with reference drug ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The title molecule and reference drug ciprofloxacin docked with biotin carboxylase enzyme (PDB ID: 2V59) of E. coli and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase APH(2")IVA (PDB ID: 4DFU) of Enterococcus casseliflavus receptor with the help of Molegro molecular viewer 2.5 program and binding affinity (ΔG) were determined by ParDock server.

1-8

Authors: N. Sharma,* and T. Sinderpal

Physico-chemical properties are crucial characteristics of hydrocolloids as they decide the applicability of them. Rheology of system, flow behaviour and mechanical properties make hydrocolloids suitable for food industry. Modification of consistency or texture properties of functional polymers also controls their sensory characteristics, thereby they become significant essences such as thickener, gelling agents, foaming agent, texture modifier, viscosifier, emulsifier, stabilizer and binder. Industrial and pharmaceutical applications are also controlled by some suitable physico-chemical properties of hydrocolloids. The polysaccharide gum exudates constitute a architecturally distinct class of complex biomacromolecules having unique physico-chemical properties. Due to their good bio/tissue compatibility, non-toxicity, they are extensively used in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Chemical and molecular architecture of hydrocolloids in turn controls their physico-chemical and functional properties. Sterculia gum is a substituted rhamnogalacturonoglycan (pectic) type exudate gum used as suspending agent, gelling agents, emulsifier, bulk laxative, dental adhesive, drug delivery agent and wound healing agent. It exhibits high water retention capacity, high viscosity and least solubility. Solutions of sterculia gum are viscoelastic and thixotropic. Sterculia gum has been recommended as effective wound dressing material as it can form a intensely adhesive gel when dispersed in minimum ammount of water. Owing to wide applications and distinctive properties of sterculia gum, present work is an endeavor to summarize the molecular organization, chemical configuration and physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum and the factors affecting physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum.

13-16

Authors: Nanik Dwi Nurhayati1,*, , Karna Wijaya2, , Triyono2, and Eddy Heraldy3

This study was aimed at modifying local Shellac with citric acid in varied concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % (w/w) to prepare Shellac-Bagasse (Sh-Bg) biocomposite and determining its physico-chemical properties. The biocomposite was made from the natural Shellac matrices and Bagasse fibers. Physico-chemical properties of non-modified Shellac and Shellac modified with citric acid including functional groups, intrinsic viscosity, density, and mechanical tensile strength were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Oswald viscometer and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The analysis results showed an optimum modification of shellac-citric acid at a concentration of 4% (w/w). FTIR analysis of the modified Shellac showed a broad absorption at 3448 cm–1 which indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH). The presence of C=O ester groups was indicated by the absorption appearing at 1712 cm–1. The absorption at 1251-1250 cm–1 indicated the presence of C-O groups, while the presence of -CH2 methylene groups was indicated by the absorption at 1465 cm–1. The modified Shellac with its optimal intrinsic viscosity of 169.97 mL/g indicated that there was a reaction between citric acid and Shellac to form an ester, so that the polymer chains formed were longer with a low density of 0,6662-0,8168 mg/L when compared to Shellac without modification. The low density indicated that the citric acid-modified Shellac could be processed to be biocomposite. The biocomposite was made with various compositions of Shellac and Bagasse with hot press at 80 °C and under a pressure of 6 Kgf/cm2. The optimum ratio of Shellac to Bagasse in Shellac-Bagasse (Sh-Bg) biocomposite was of 60:40 %. While, the analysis using Universal testing machine resulted a mechanical tensile strength of 0.6 MPa and an elongation at break of 0.45 %.

21-25

Authors: Vidya G. Kartha, Vandana Suryavanshi and Tungabidya Maharana*

In present study, a herbal extract, Cassia alata seed extract has been loaded into chitosan matrix as drug delivery systems. The major components of Cassia alata seed extract are flavonoids and anthraquinone. Cassia alata seed extract loaded chitosan has been characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, thermal and NMR analysis. The characterization has shown successful loading of Cassia alata seed extract into chitosan. Further, swelling properties and drug release profiles of Cassia alata seed extract loaded chitosan has been carried out at two different pH 2 and 7.4. It is observed that the swelling behaviour and drug release profile was much better at pH 2 than pH 7.4. Thus, the loaded chitosan can be used as a biomedicine.

31-35

Authors: Ch. Vinuthna1,*, Sandupatla Raju1 and D. Ravinder2

CoxZn1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical citrate precursor synthesis method. The Young’s modulus ‘E’ and the rigidity modulus ‘n’ of mixed cobalt-zinc ferrites have been determined by the ultrasonic pulse transmission technique at 1 MHz. The elastic modules of the ferrites were corrected to zero porosity using the formulae of Harselman and Fulrath. The observed variation of the elastic module with composition has been interpreted on the basis of binding forces between the atoms of the spinal lattice. A linear relationship between Debye temperature ØD and average sound velocity Vm has also been observed.

41-44

Authors: Ida Duma Riris*, , Albinus Silalahi, Tita Juwitaningsih and Wesly Hutabarat

Secondary metabolites investigation of local plants, such as Psidium guajava L, Curcuma longa rhizome, Citrus hystrix and Lawsonia intracellularis shown that they have antibacterial activities against Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 27853) and Staphylococcus epidermis (ATCC 12228) with chloramphenicol as antibiotic controlled. The phytoscreening method used to find out compounds in the plants and inhibition tests carried out by diffuse test with a concentration variation of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 %. It was found that Lawsonia intracellularis plants has the highest inhibitory growth of 17; 12, 15, 14, 12 mm at 10 % concentration

49-52

Authors: M. Jaganadha Rao1,2,*, K.S.R. Murthy2, Ch. Ravi Shankar Kumar3, , Anjali Jha4, G.S.V.R.K. Choudary5, and M. Chaitanya Varma2

Present day technology requires synthesis of materials with low energy consumption, free mercury pollution and its reliability. A novel material with control of crystallite size, composition and simple for white light relies in synthesis of materials. The present focus of article attributes series of manganese doped Ca1-xMnxWO4 luminescent materials with co-precipitation method. Reported studies attempts with change in structure of calcium tungstate (CaWO4) are observed with dopants like Eu3+, Eu2+, Tb3+, etc. However the effect of Mn2+ on structural properties of CaWO4 are quite interesting. The synthesized samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction for lattice parameters, crystallite size and FTIR studies for bonding mechanism of O-W-O stretching and W-O-W bridge bond. Rietveld profile refinement of XRD patterns using MAUD program Ca1-xMnxWO4 revealed the Scheelite type structure with C4h point group and I41/a space group. Characterization studies reveal that doping of Mn2+ doping upto 0.1 in place of Ca2+ will not change the phase of Scheelite structure

59-63

Authors: Sunil R. Khapate1, Dnyaneshwar S. Wankhede1,*, , Anitha S. Deshpande2, Neeta S. Khillare3 and Anil Khandagale3

Facile synthesis of various organophosphorus trichalcones, possessing substantial insecticidal activity, by using tris(4-acetylphenyl)-phosphate (3) and substituted benzaldehydes as a precursor has been reported. Key precursor 3 has been prepared under mild conditions in presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer catalyst. All the synthesized compounds (5a-h) were screened for their antibacterial activity and inhibition of α-amylase of insect pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionadeae). Biological activity evaluation study revealed that among all the compounds screened, compound 5g found to have promising inhibition of α-amylase of insect pest, Tribolium castaneum. All the synthesized compounds revealed insignificant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria even at 500 μg/mL.

69-72

Authors: T. Naga Jhansi1,2, *, D. Pavan Kumar2, Nagaraju Rajana1,2, D. Jayadeep Kumar2 and G. Nageswara Rao1

A reverse phase chiral HPLC method was developed for the determination of (R)-2-aminobutanamide isomer content in (S)-2-amino-butanamide key starting material for levetiracetam drug substance by using a CROWNPAK CR (+) column. Perchloric acid solution (0.05 %) was used as mobile phase and the flow rate was finalized as 0.3 mL/min. UV detection wavelength was 200 nm and column temperature was set as 15 ºC. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.0002 mg/mL and 0.0005 mg/mL, respectively. The linearity calibration curve of (R)-2-aminobutanamide was shown good from the range of 0.0005 mg/mL to 0.004 mg/mL. The recovery of (R)-2-aminobutanamide isomer was between the range of 93 to 106 % in presence of (S)-2-aminobutanamide. The method was validated and found to be precise, accurate and robust. The method can be used for determination of (R)-2-aminobutanamide in presence of (S)-2-aminobutanamide, which is the key intermediate for preparation of levetiracetam. This method was validated in as per ICH Q2 (R1) and USP validation of compendial methods (1225).

79-83

Authors: R. Manimekalai* and S. Chidambaram

Adipic acid doped potassium hydrogen phthalate (AAKHP) and pure potassium hydrogen phthalate single crystals were grown by slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to determine the lattice parameters in a = 6.47 Å, b = 9.59 Å, c = 13.25 Å and space group of Pca21. This confirms the grown AAKHP belongs to the orthorhombic system. Various diffracting planes of the grown crystal were indexed using powder X-ray diffraction study. Fourier-transform infrared studies confirm the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The transmittance spectrum shows that the lower cutoff wavelength is around 290 nm. The nonlinear optical property of the grown crystal has been studied by Kurtz powder second harmonic generation (SHG) analysis. EDAX analysis confirms the presence of various elements in the AAKHP crystal. Vickers micro-hardness studies are used for the analysis of mechanical behaviour of the grown crystal. The paramagnetic nature of the grown crystal was confirmed by vibration spectrum magnetometer technique.

91-94

Authors: L. Alphonse1, P. Tharmaraj1 , B. Avila Josephine2 and V. Mary Teresita2,*

In this work, Mn(II) complex of triazine based ligand has been synthesized and characterized using various physico-chemical methods including C,H,N elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and EI-mass analysis. The synthesized compounds serve as potential photoactive material as indicated from its characteristic fluorescent properties. The ligand and its metal complex were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity on four bacterial strains (S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and K. pneumoniae) using well-diffusion method and it was observed that metal complex showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against all tested strains as compared to ligand.

101-105

Authors: C. Subashini1,*, R. Ezhil Pavai2 and L. Balu3

B2O3-CaO-PbO glasses with different concentrations of PbO (5-20 mol % in four steps) were prepared by melt quench technique. The amorphous nature and homogeneities of the prepared glasses were confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses. Ultrasonic velocities and density were measured at 303 K using pulse-echo technique and Archimedes’ principle respectively. Various parameters, viz., molar volume, longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, micro-hardness and Debye temperature have been evaluated from the measured data. The results of ultrasonic properties indicate that the incorporation of lead ions expand the calcium borate network structure. FTIR spectra revealed that boron exists in both trigonal and tetrahedral structural units and no boroxial ring formation takes place in the glass structure. The transition temperature, melting temperature and crystallization temperature have been identified using DTA measurements

111-114

Authors: Larny Mary Jayan1,2, S. Karthikeyan1, D. Joice Sheeba1, G.R. Angel1, E.V. Kripa1, S. Madeswaran3 and A. Stephen2,*

Membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), gum arabic (GA) homopolymer and their blends of six different compositions (w/w) were prepared using solution casting method. Mixing of synthetic polymer e.g., PVA and natural polymer e.g., gum arabic can give a new class of polymer blend with better mechanical properties and biocompatibility than those of single components. The structural, optical and conductivity studies of these prepared membranes were examined by XRD, FTIR, UV and EIS. The XRD diffraction patterns for the polymer blend samples showed that they are more amorphous in nature as compared to pure PVA and pure gum arabic. The FTIR analysis of the samples gave information about various functional groups present in the samples. The energy band gap of various samples were obtained from UV-visible analysis. The conductivity of polymer membrane was analyzed by electronics impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Addition of natural polymer gum arabic has resulted slight increase in the conductivity of blend polymer.

122-126

Authors: Shiva Lall Sunar, Keisham Surjit Singh and Sajal Kundu*

A series of four neutral zinc complexes with substituted N,N-donor ligands viz. Ln = (E)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)anilines of composition [Zn(NO3)2(L1)] (1), [Zn(NO3)2L2] (2), [Zn(NO3)2L3] (3), [Zn(NO3)2L4] (4) were synthesized and characterized. The spectroscopic properties of the Zn(II) complexes were studied by UV-visible, fluorescence, IR and 1H NMR spectral analysis. All the zinc(II) complexes are water soluble and non-electrolyte in solution. Efforts for getting single crystals suitable for X-ray crystal structure could not be achieved. However, on the basis of spectral studies, compounds 1-4 are proposed to have octahedral geometry. The emission spectra of all the complexes show π-π* (intra-ligand) transition

133-136

Authors: Simanchal Dash

Some substituted 4-thiazolidinones have been prepared by taking 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole as a staring material. Polar solvent water makes less solubility of these compounds. Hence inclusions of compounds are prepared by taking suitable ratio of compound and β-cyclodextrin. The purpose of this work is to synthesize more soluble and more bioaccesible compounds. The synthesized compounds and their inclusions are known from the study of their thermodynamic properties and spectral characteristics (UV, IR and NMR). Pharmaceutical activity of the compounds and inclusion can be performed by using the bacteria namely E. coli, S. aureus and P. vulgaris. Considering and discussing all the matters, it has been found that inclusion formation shows more antibacterial activity than simple compound

142-146

Authors: P. Nirmala Jyothi and B. Sireesha*

Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes with novel Schiff base 1-propionyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (PMTSC) were synthesized and characterized by LC-MS, IR, 1H NMR (D2O exchangeable), 13C NMR and UV-visible spectra, ESR, TGA, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectro-analytical studies revealed the composition of complexes as ML2 for Cu(II)-PMTSC and Zn(II)-PMTSC complex. The proton-ligand dissociation constant and metal-ligand formation constants of PMTSC with Zn(II) have been determined in 70 % (v/v) DMF-water medium at 0.1M (KNO3) ionic strength and 303 K using potentiometric Irving-Rossotti titration technique. The results revealed that PMTSC acts as monobasic ligand by releasing proton from amide via enol form and forms 1:2 (Zn-L) complex in solution. The cleavage of plasmid pBR322 DNA without any additives was monitored by gel electrophoresis and these complexes exhibited hydrolytic cleavage of plasmid DNA. The antibacterial activity of the Schiff base and its Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

153-160

Authors: Harish Kumar1,*, and Tilak Dhanda2,

Corrosion inhibition property of 1,2,3-benzotriazole for mild steel in 0.1 N sulphuric acid was evaluated at different concentrations and temperatures using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, differential pulse, stripping voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The surface study was carried out using metallurgical research and SEM microscopy. Increase in Warburg impedance and capacitive current and decrease in Faradaic current and capacitive loop was observed with increase in concentration of inhibitor. 1,2,3-Benzotriazole was found as a best corrosion inhibitor (94 %) for mild steel as compared to other inhibitors suggesting 1,2,3-benzotriazole as a potential alternate corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4.

167-173

Authors: Hema , Tara Bhatt*, , Tarun Pant, Charu Ch. Dhondiyal and Himani Tiwari

Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity in the ternary mixture of propylene glycol, benzene and ethanol have been measured at 303, 308, 313 and 318 K and 2 MHz. The values of excess thermo-acoustic parameters uE, ηE, Ks E , Lf E , Vm E, ZE; and the Lennard-Jones potential repulsive term exponent (n) have been calculated by using the values of measured parameters. The variation in values and signs of excess parameters with increase in concentration of propylene glycol and temperature is explained by the mechanism of changing the nature of molecular interactions between unlike molecules. Further, the experimental ultrasonic velocities are compared with theoretical values calculated by using various theories like Nomoto′s relation (NR), Schaaffs′s collision factor theory (CFT) and Jacobson′s free length theory (FLT). The relative applicability of these theories is discussed in terms of average percentage errors (APE). The average percentage errors follows the order CFT < NR < FLT at each temperature.

183-186

Authors: Ram Kishore1, M. Kamboj1, M. Shukla2 and Devdutt Chaturvedi3,*

A simple, mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of thioxoimidazolidine-4,5-diones (1-15) from substituted thiourea employing Triton-B/CS2 system has been discussed. The protocol described is an easy, efficient, nature-friendly method using cheap, easily available, less toxic reagents at room temperature. The synthesis involves the reaction between substituted thiourea in toluene and oxalyl chloride at room temperature using phase transfer catalyst Triton-B/CS2 system

192-194

Authors: S. Sudha Kumari

In present work, the screening of antimicrobial activities of copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation of citral with valine (amino acid) was carried out on agar plates are reported. The antibacterial activity of Schiff base and its copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes were evaluated against two bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and fungus Candida albicans. The results revealed that the Schiff base ligand exhibited the poor antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans except for Staphylococcus aureus. Generally, Gram-negative bacteria shows rigid outer membrane, well enough to defend against the drug but Schiff base (citral with valine derived) impregnated cobalt(II) complex seem to be more active against Escherichia coli organisms in comparison to copper(II) complex, which exhibits higher activity than uncomplexed ligand. The antimicrobial results revealed that cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes have a considerable antibacterial activity than antifungal activity and suggest their potential application as antibacterial agents

199-204

Authors: Shailesh Kumar Singh1 and Laxmi Tripathi2,*

Novel (benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-N′-(4-substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide derivatives were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activity evaluated by MES and scMET seizure models. Compound 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-N′-benzylideneacetohydrazide (4a) was found to be most potent in MES seizure test and showed no neurotoxicity at the highest administered dose. All the compounds showed high docking score with γ-aminobutyric acid receptor, GABAAR-β3 homopentamer (PDB ID: 4COF). Thus, the probable mechanism of action of benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy-N′-(4-substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide derivatives (4a-h) may be augmentation of GABAergic activity

209-214

Authors: Deepak Kumar1, Arun Kumar Singh1, Ajay Kumar1, Dayanand Prasad1, Vijay Kumar2 and Shivadhar Sharma1,*

2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde was condensed with S-benzyldithiocarbazate to give Schiff base 2,4,5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde-S-benzyldithiocarbazone (BBTC), which was used for complexation with Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) metal ions. The complexes were formulated as M(BBTC)2X2 where X is Cl−, NO3 − and CH3COO−. The FTIR spectra of the metal complexes in comparison to that of free ligand suggested the coordination through azomethine nitrogen and thion sulphur forming six membered chelating with metal ion. The magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectral bands revealed octahedral symmetry (Oh) around Mn(II) but tetragonally distorted octahedral symmetry (D4h) of Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes. The positive value of Dt for Fe(II) (68.42-135.2 cm-1) and Co(II) (263-280 cm-1) clearly indicated elongation along z-axis in these complexes which was also supported by the less value of Dq(z) than Dq(xy) for the metal complexes. The ligand as well as its metal complexes have been found active against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antibacterial activity of the free ligand has been observed to have enhanced in metal complexes.

219-227

Authors: Y.V.S. Veerendra1,2, Pradeep Kumar Brahman1,*, Sharad D. Mankumare2, Jaya Raju CH2 and J. Satish2

The present work demonstrates the development of an optimal, robust, validated UHPLC method for quantification of related impurities and assay determination of spironolactone. Design of experiment procedure, in combination with statistical evaluation of the data was used to test the robustness of developed method. A stability indicating method was established by forced degradation experiments. Analytical robustness was determined using design of experiment approach. The chromatographic separation was achieved with Agilent SB-C18 RRHD column using gradient elution with mobile phase-A consists of a mixture of 0.1 % each formic acid and ammonia in water and methanol as mobile phase-B respectively. The developed method is exhaustively validated for parameters like precision, accuracy, linearity, LOD, LOQ, ruggedness and robustness. The stability tests were also performed on drug substances as per ICH norms. Base line separation was achieved for all impurities, degradation products and the API. All impurities were eluted within 12 min, there was a remarkable 3.5-fold decrease in runtime and a clear baseline separation between all peaks in comparison with Ph.Eur monograph. A multi-dimensional design space was built to study the robustness of developed method using design expert software. Significant parameters such as effect of flow rate, buffer strength and mobile phase compositions were optimized at three levels. Plackett-Burman design was applied for screening of chromatographic conditions and factorial design was applied for optimization of essential factors in robustness studies.

233-236

Authors: Ram Naresh Yadav, Ashok Kumar Srivastava and Bimal Krishna Banik*

Microwave-induced bismuth nitrate-catalyzed reaction of 3-amino β-lactams with unsaturated ketones is performed in order to obtain substituted amino β-lactams. Amino β-lactams were obtained through the strategy of [2+2] ketene-imine cycloaddition followed by deprotection of phthalimido β-lactams with ethylene diamine.

244-248

Authors: J. Jani Matilda and T.F. Abbs Fen Reji*

A novel series of indolyl isoxazole derivatives were synthesized and the structure of the products is confirmed on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, MS and analytical data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. The results revealed clearly those compounds 4b and 4d exhibited better radical scavenging ability. The optimized structural parameters of all compounds was carried out at the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level of DFT basis set implemented in Gaussian 09 program package. Theoretical calculation of the title compounds were carried out using density functional theory method (DFT).

255-259

Authors: Nguyen Van Thuy, Nguyen Minh Tien, Nguyen Ngoc Quy, Tri Duc Lam, Huynh Thi Kieu Linh, Ly Hai Trieu, Le Van Minh, Pham Minh Quan, Le Minh Bui*, Tran Thanh Truc and Nguyen Van Muoi*

Gomphrena celosioides Mart. is well known for its medicinal values worldwide. In this study, three extracts, viz. diethyl ether extract (DEE), ethanolic extract (EE) and aqueous extract (AE), were successively obtained from the leaves and stem of Gomphrena celosioides to determine the polyphenol and flavonoid content in this plant. A wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, tannin and polyphenol compounds were present in Gomphrena celosioides. The results of quantitative determination showed that total polyphenol content of DEE, EE and AE reached 35.35 ± 1.47, 250.17 ± 2.95 and 133.92 ± 3.17 mgGAE/g, respectively. Moreover, total flavonoid content of the DEE, EE and AE was 23.21 ± 1.87, 50.74 ± 2.32 and 27.25 ± 1.34 mgQE/g, respectively.In comparison with DEE and AE, the ethanolic extract exhibited the highest DPPH (IC50 = 13.29 ± 0.10 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 6.3 ± 0.11 μg/mL).

265-270

Authors: R. Suganthi, S. Padmaja and S. Jhancy Mary*

Poly(2-nitroaniline), poly(2-nitroaniline)-Fe2O3 and poly(2-methylaniline)-Fe2O3 nanocomposites synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization technique were characterized by XRD, thermal (TGA and DTA) and FTIR & UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The thermal stability was confirmed by the integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) and oxidation index (OI) calculations. The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties were also investigated. At low frequency region, the dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency due to electrical relaxation process. At high frequencies, dielectric constant is independent of frequency. At low frequency, there was strong frequency dispersion of permittivity and above 3 Hz, a frequency independent behaviour in permittivity was observed. The materials exhibit ferromagnetic behaviour.

276-280

Authors: D. Ashokkumar, M. Gopalakrishnan and G. Ramalingam*

An efficient multi-component one pot synthesis of some novel bioactive 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives from melamine using various aldehydes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are reported. This reaction carried out microwave irradiation under solvent free condition using low cost and efficient acetic acid catalyst. The excellent futures of this method are eco-friendly, short reaction time and mild reaction condition. This method is convincing route for highly substituted dihydropyridine trimer synthesis. The synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives are screened for antimicrobial properties

287-292

Authors: Wachirawit Samerjai, Piyada Jittangprasert and Pan Tongraung*

A facile, highly selective colorimetric sensor based on 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and Schiff base naphthalene-2-ol (L) modified silver nanoparticles (4-ATP-L-AgNPs) for detection of Fe(III) ion in aqueous solution. The presence of Fe(III) ion induced the aggregation of AgNPs that caused the red-shift from 430 to 440 nm, through a cooperative metal-ligand interaction from the coordination bond between Fe(III) ion and functional groups on AgNPs surface resulting in a colour change from dark brown to dark yellow with increasing absorption at 365 nm. The absorbance at 365 nm is linear with the concentration of Fe(III) ion ranging from 9.0 × 10-6 M to 9.0 × 10-3 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The detection limit of the developed method was 7.9 × 10-6 M. The practical application of 4-ATP-L-AgNPs for selective sensor for Fe(III) ion in various drinking water samples were demonstrated.

297-302

Authors: Bharath Samannan, Jothi Selvam and Jeyabalan Thavasikani*

A novel hybrid composite, namely {[VIV+PMo11O40]⊂[β-CD]} which shows the high percent of apoptosis of MTT assay of A549 cell line (lung cancer) in different concentrations. The composite has been characterized using techniques such as FT-IR, EPR, SEM, EDS and X-ray diffraction. The anticancer (lung cancer A549 cell line) was investigated using direct microscopic observations for drug treated cell line and IC50 value of 1.93. The apoptosis of 45.37 % cell death in cell line of minimum concentration (3.12 μg/mL) shows the good viability of β-CD-POM against lung cancer A549 cell line.

311-316

Authors: Rino Laly Jose, M.G. Gigimol and Beena Mathew*

N,N-Methylene bis-acrylamide crosslinked poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels were synthesized and binding of the hydrogel with the dye solution was followed spectrophotometrically. The chemical structure and morphology of the hydrogel before and after adsorption of acid black 194 was confirmed by FT-IR and SEM. Effect of various physico-chemical parameters such as concentration, temperature, pH, time and the amount of hydrogel used were investigated by batch adsorption studies. Hydrogel used as adsorbent in this study was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer before and after adsorption of acid black 194. Kinetic studies suggested pseudo second order reaction. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied on equilibrium adsorption data and found that Freundlich isotherm fit better for the present investigation. N,N-methylene bisacrylamide crosslinked poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone hydrogel displayed excellent properties for the removal of the azo dye, acid black 194 from aqueous solution.

322-328

Authors: K. Anuja, K. Hussain Reddy*, K. Srinivasulu and D. Dhanalakshmi

The hydrazone ligand, 2-formylpyridine benzoylhydrazone (FPBH) has been used to synthesize copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes and characterized by elemental analyses, mass spectra, molar conductivity data IR, UV-visible spectroscopy. The complexes are found to have general formula M(FPBH)2 (where, M = Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II). Further the copper complex is investigated using ESR spectra. The spin Hamiltonian, orbital reduction and bonding parameters are calculated for the complex. The complex, Ni(FPBH)2 is structurally characterized based on single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 11.2632(2) Å, b = 8.8958(2) Å, c = 23.0834(5) Å, α = 90°, β = 90.858(2)°, γ = 90°, V = 2312.59(8) Å3 and Z = 4 with central Ni(II) ion in distorted octahedral structure coordinated by two tridentate FPBH ligand. The interactions of these complexes with calf thymus DNA have been investigated using absorption spectrophotometry. The copper complex binds more strongly than either nickel or cobalt complexes

335-338

Authors: Huynh Cang Mai*, Duy Chinh Nguyen, Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan and Long Giang Bach

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil was studied for physico-chemical characteristics and chemical composition. Through gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID) process, the fatty acid composition in the oil was analyzed, revealing that the oil is rich in linoleic acid (42.62 %), linolenic acid (36.32 %) and oleic acid (11.64 %). The tocopherol level in the oil was also high (7.7 ± 0.005 mg/Kg), revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet-visible detector (HPLC/UV-VIS). The physico-chemical properties of the oil were also examined, including viscosity (88-92 cP), acid value (2.05 ± 0.005 mg KOH/g), saponification content (183.5 ± 1.45 mg KOH/g) and iodine value (192.4 ± 1.55 g I2/100 g). The results also indicated that sacha inchi is a health beneficial oil due to the high contents of essential fatty acids (ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9).

342-348

Authors: M. Rekha and M. Kowsalya*

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by a novel modified sol-gel for the fabrication of natural dye sensitized solar cells. The natural photo sensitizer extracted from Cordia sebestena flower was mixed with the precursor solution. The flower dye has put the effort of a surfactant which has resulted colourized TiO2 instead of white TiO2. Whencompared to the conventional sol-gel method, this modified process has enhanced the properties of TiO2 like, morphology, uniformity in dye absorption. It has reduced the agglomeration of TiO2 and dye aggregation significantly. The optimized molecular geometry of sebestenoid D, the major pigment of Cordia sebestena and HOMO-LUMO plot are found using density functional theory. The TiO2 nanoparticles were subjected to structural, optical, spectral and morphological studies which showed improved properties in modified sol-gel process. Ecofriendly and low-cost natural dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated using conventional and pre-dye treated TiO2 sensitized by Cordia sebestena flower extract. The I-V studies showed the solar light photon to electron conversion efficiencies of 0.87 and 1.28 % for sol-gel and modified sol-gel methods, respectively. There has been an enhancement in efficiency by 47 % in modified sol-gel method which is very much promising in terms of efficiency for natural dye sensitized solar cells.

354-358

Authors: A. Jenifer, P. Sakthivel*, K. Senthilarasan, S. Arumugam and P. Sivaprakash

A rapid, efficient and cost-effective method for the synthesis of titanium(IV) doped hydroxyapatite using microwave assisted wet chemical method is reported. The synthesized hydroxyapatite and titanium(IV) doped hydroxyapatite (THA) samples were characterized by using XRD, FTIR and HR-TEM with EDAX. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated by using the disc diffusion method showed good results. The anti-inflammatory activity by using the protein denaturation method proves to be less inflammable for in vivo applications. The hemolytic test showed that the samples are less hemolytic.

369-373

Authors: S. Arul* and T. Senthilnathan

ZnO nanocomposites co-doped with dopants like Mg with Ti or Al were prepared and assigned as ZnO-A and ZnO-B. All the nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX and its utility towards the photodegradation of Congo red is studied. The present study was carried out in 30 W mercury lamp fitted in batch photoreactor and the effect of decomposition was measured in UV-absorption. Nanocomposite with combination of Ti dopant (ZnO-A) exhibited effective degrading ability to aqueous Congo red solution. A solution of 100 ppm of above concentrated ZnO nanocomposite solution was reduced nearly to 5ppm within 5 h. The photodegradation kinetics revealed that the photodegradation of aqueous Congo red follows first order reaction and showed quite comparable degradation effeciency with earlier reports.

381-384

Authors: G. Venkateshappa, P. Raghavendra Kumar*, and Krishna

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of N-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetyl derivatives of various (S)-amino acids such as (S)-alanine, (S)-phenylalanine, (S)-leucine, (S)-methionine, (S)-proline and (S)-tryptophane. These compounds have been successfully synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of these six (S)-amino acids derivatives have been evaluated by the agar well diffusion method against pathogens both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (K. aerogenes, E. coli and P. desmolyticumas) bacteria and fungi (A. flavus and C. albicans). All these compounds have shown mild to moderate antimicrobial activity.

391-394

Authors: Hui-Ping Xiong, Ning Zhang, Wan-Sheng Chen, Xiang-Lei Wu* and Zhi-Jun Wu*

Chemical investigation of the constituents of the whole herb of Ainsliaea yunnanensis Franch has led to isolation of hentriacontane (1), (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6, 9-diene (2), methyl linoleate (3), dodecyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate (4), heptadecan-8-ol (5), α-linolenic acid (6), (Z)-6-hexadecenoic acid (7), (Z)-10-eicosenoic acid (8), stearic acid (9), phytenoic acid (10), tripalmitolein (11), trilinolenin (12), phthalic acid bis-(2-ethylhexyl) ester (13), diisobutyl phthalate (14), 2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid-4-methyl ester (15), diacylgalactolipids I (16), β-D-galactopyranoside-1,2-bis[(1-oxo-9,12,15- octadecatrienyl)oxy]propyl (17), (2S)-1,2-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-3-O-[α-D-galactopyranosyl- (1′′′′→6′′′)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl]glycerol (18). The structures of the compounds were identified by comparison of their NMR data with literature data.

401-407

Authors: M. Dinesh Kumar*, P. Rajesh, R. Priya Dharsini and M. Ezhil Inban

The quantum chemical calculations of organic compounds viz. (E)-1-(2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3- ethylpiperidine-4-ylidene)-2-phenyl-hydrazine (3ECl), (E)-1-(2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3- methylpiperidine-4-ylidene)-2-phenylhydrazine (3MCl) and (E)-1-(2,6-bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-3,5- dimethylpiperidine-4-ylidene)-2-phenylhydrazine (3,5-DMCl) have been performed by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP method with 6-311G (d,p) basis set. The electronic properties such as Frontier orbital and band gap energies have been calculated using DFT. Global reactivity descriptor has been computed to predict chemical stability and reactivity of the molecule. The chemical reactivity sites of compounds were predicted by mapping molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface over optimized geometries and comparing these with MEP map generated over crystal structures. The charge distribution of molecules predict by using Mulliken atomic charges. The non-linear optical property was predicted and interpreted the dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) and hyperpolarizability (β) by using density functional theory.

415-419

Authors: F.Z. Bentebba*, Z. Ghiaba , M. Saidi and C. Bensasi

Edible parts of two dates cultivars (Deguel ahmar and Tanslit) at four maturation stages khellal, besser, rutab and tamr were analyzed for their phytochemical composition (total phenolic, total flavonoid and condensed tannins contents) as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activity evaluated in vitro using scavenging assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2′-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical and ferric reducing power. Antibacterial activity of extracts were evaluated in vitro by the agar disk diffusion method against five pathogenic bacterias trains: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus ATCC 3315, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 7320. Results suggested that the content of these phytochemicals are very important at khellal stage and then decreased during maturation followed by a decrease in the antioxidant activity

427-434

Authors: Maha R. Al Rimawi*, Yusuf M. Al-Hiari, Amal G. Al-Bakri, and Sanaa K. Bardaweel

Fluoroquinolones are clinically successful antibacterial agents. In this work a series of novel 7-substituted anilino-8-nitrofluoroquinolone esters (3-9), acids (10-16) and 8-amino reduced derivatives (17-23) of the later compounds were successfully prepared and characterized using spectroscopic techniques. All the compounds tested (10-23) showed good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram- negative standard bacterial strains. Interestingly, 8-amino reduced derivatives (17-22) were more active against both standard strains than their 8-nitro acid analogues (10-15). Moreover, some targeted compounds have shown reasonable activity mainly against resistant gram positive bacteria. In particular compounds 10, 12 and 16 displayed a potent activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with MIC values of 4.7, 2.3 and 1.2 μg/mL, respectively. Lipophilicity could be a plausible explanation of such higher activity against the gram positive resistant strain (MRSA). Biological screening of cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines using an in vitro cell culture system was achieved for all tested compounds. These derivatives have shown weak activity for most of them. Interestingly, more lipophilic nitroacids (10-15) were more active than their analogous reduced acids (17-22).

441-450

Authors: Ravi K. Kottalanka*, Eswar Pagadala, Shiva K. Loke, S. Rex Jeya Rajkumar, Venkatesan Srinivasadesikan, and Balajee Ramchandran

Titanium(IV)-complex of chemical composition [{(NNO)2Ti}3O3] (2) bearing bidentate heteroditopic Schiff base [(C5H4OH)-N=CH-C4H3-NH] (L1) ligand in titanium coordination sphere was reported and its biological significance was evaluated. The in vitro cytotoxicity of L1 and 2 were evaluated by using MTT assay on cancer cell lines (MCF-7 & A549) and observed significant cytotoxicity. Further, the LDH and NO assay studies on both L1 and 2 on cancer cell lines revealed that the enhanced cytotoxicity compared to standard anticancer drug i.e. cisplatin. The DNA binding studies of tested compounds with Ct-DNA molecule by using UV-visible and fluorescence spectra and molecular docking studies revealed that moderate to good binding interactions with test molecules. Thus, the present work contributes and implies the biological significance of Ti-complex (2) and the correlation between the structure and the biological activities of such Ti-complexes supported by Schiff base systems opens up opportunities for further exploitation of similar biologically active titanium systems.

458-462

Authors: Gugulothu Yaku, Bandi Rajkumar and T.V.D. Prasad Rao*

In the present work, a simple and low cost and eco-friendly technique is applied for the microwave assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the extract of pomegranate peel wastes, which does not require any use of external stabilizing agent. The extract of pomegranates peelings waste served as a reducing as well as capping/stabilizing agent. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission eelectron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The stability of AgNPs was analyzed by zeta potential measurements. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs was also evaluated on six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method.

466-470

Authors: Bijendra Singh and Chhagan Lal*

The study focused on the enhancement of solar power generation and storage capacity of a photogalvanic cell ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid as reductant, xylene cyanol FF and patent blue as photosensitizers. This chemical system with changed concentrations, a combination electrode and a very small Pt electrode was used to fabricate a modified photogalvanic cell. The modified cell showed greatly enhanced performance in terms of photopotential (868.0 mV), photocurrent (230.0 μA), efficiency (0.64 %) and the maximum output (power) of the cell was found to be 199.64 W. The photogalvanic cell can be used at this power level for 115 min in the dark due to the storage capacity of the cell. The effects of various parameters such as pH, reductant concentration, dye concentration, diffusion length, light intensity, and electrode area on electrical output of the cell were also investigated. The currentvoltage (i-v) characteristics of the cell have been studied and a mechanism for the photocurrent generation in photogalvanic cell has also been proposed.

760-762

Authors: T. Raj Kumar *, S.V. Suresh Kumar and N. Srinivasan

Isoxazoles were synthesized by condensing different aldehydes with 3-aminoacetophenone coupled to N-methyl piperazines. All the compounds were screened for anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines- MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. The antimycobacterial activity of compounds were assessed against M. tuberculosis using microplate alamar blue assay (MABA). The structures of newly synthesized compounds established on the basis of their m.p., TLC, FTIR, mass and 1 H NMR data. The results of antimycobacterial and anticancer studies shows that some of it posses mild to moderate activity against standard. These new synthesized compounds were identified and characterized, demonstrated antitubercular, in vivo efficacy in tumor models like MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468.

767-772

Authors: Duy Trinh Nguyen, Phu Thuong Nhan Nguyen , Thien Hien Tran , Dai Hai Nguyen , Dai Viet N. Vo , Md. Rafiqul Islam , Kwon Taek Lim , Sang Thanh Vo and Long Giang Bach *

A combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and coordination chemistry methodology has been expanded for the synthesis of a multifunctional, biocompatible, magnetic, luminescent nanohybrid complex comprising magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and europium ions (Eu3+). The structural and morphological characteristic of the nanohybrid intricate were studied by appropriate spectrum and physical researches. The superparamagnetic behaviour and unique Eu3+ fluorescence properties with a high emission intensity of MNP-PCL-Eu3+ were investigated via measurements with a superconducting quantum interference equipment magnetism and fluorescence spectroscopy.

780-784

Authors: P. Manimaran and S. Balasubramaniyan*

The metal complexes of Fe(III) and Cu(II) were prepared by using 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) and thiocyanate (SCN) with stirrer refluxed for about 6 h. The prepared Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectrum, FT-IR spectral studies. The result suggested the octahedral geometry for Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes. Powder X-ray diffraction indicate the crystalline nature of the metal complexes. The antimicrobial activities of the Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes were tested with various micro organisms by disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial results indicate that the metal complexes are highly active with compared to the free ligand. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the free ligand and its metal complexes was assayed by radical scavenging activity (DPPH). The result proposed that Fe (III) and Cu(II) complexes exhibited strong antioxidant activity than that of the ligand.

793-798

Authors: S. Karpagavalli *, S. John Kennady Vethanathan and S. Perumal

Hausmannite manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles are synthesized by microwave assisted solvothermal method. The calcination temperature of manganese oxide was determined from TG-DTA analysis.The structural characteristics of as prepared Mn3O4 nanoparticles are analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. The Fourier transform infrared analysis is used to identify molecular structural changes of the manganese oxide sample. The SEM images revealed the surface morphology of the Mn3O4 nanoparticles and determined the size of the particle to be in the range of 30-40 nm. UV-visible spectrum showed that pure Mn3O4 nanoparticle exhibits maximum absorption at 396 nm. The cyclic voltammetry studies are used to evaluate specific capacitance and electrochemical behaviour of Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of Mn3O4 nanoparticles are examined by vibrating sample magnetometer.

805-812

Authors: Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula , Girija Sastry Vedula*, and A.V.S. Sastry

The chemical examination of acetone extract of Dirinaria consimilis resulted in isolation of six depsides of which two novel metabolites namely antarvediside A (1) and antarvediside B (2) and four known metabolites i.e. sekikaic acid (3), atranorin (4), divaricatic acid (5) and 2’-O-methyl divaricatic acid (6). From the pharmacological screening of the isolates (1-6), it was found that 1 and 2 exhibited better inhibition of ABTS and superoxide free radicals than that of the standard and compound 4 showed significant inhibition of protein denaturation with IC50 value of 390 mg/mL with respect to indomethacin with 110 mg/mL. From the SRB assay results, the better IC50 values was determined by compound 2 of 10.5, 11.50 and 12.50 µg/mL on HeLa, MCF-7 and FADU cancer cell lines, respectively. Thus, the outcomes revealed that the D. consimilis is a new source to treat free radicals, inflammation and cancer.

820-824

Authors: Husam S. Khalaf*, , Zainab A.H. Al-Dulaimy , Ahmed M. Abbas and Maida H. Saleem

At the temperature 298.15 K, some physical properties such as: refractive indices (nD), viscosities (η) and densities (ρ) were studied in four liquid-liquid mixtures: carboxylic acids (HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH and CH3CH2CH2COOH) with tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) with the identified configuration set. These empirical data were utilized to estimate the excess molar volumes (Vm E ), refractive index perversions (∆R), viscosity deviations (ηE ) and excess molar Gibbs free energy (∆G*E). Values of Vm E , ηE , ∆G*E and ∆R were plotted versus mole fraction of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. In all cases, the values of Vm E , ηE , ∆G*E and ∆R that obtained in this study were found to be negative at 298.15 K. The excess parameters were applied in the Redlich-Kister equation by utilizing multi-parameter coefficients that concluded binary coefficients and in respect to the standard deviation. The difference of these characteristics with the formation of binary liquid systems indicates the absence of bipolar bond, variation in the shape and size of component molecules, hydrogen bonding and dipolar interaction among unlike molecules.

829-833

Authors: D.S. Bhagat *, S.G. Pande , M.V. Katariya , R.P. Pawar and P.S. Kendrekar

One-pot efficient protocol to the synthesis of 2-amino-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrano(3,2-c)chromene-3- carbonitrile derivatives via condensation of various aryl aldehydes, dicyanomethane and 4-hydroxycoumarin in presence of Emim hydroxide as an excellent homogeneous liquid catalyst. The key advantages of this methodology are mild reaction conditions, novel catalyst, short reaction time, eco-friendly, easy work-up procedure and high yield of isolation of derivatives.

839-844

Authors: Umesh Chandra Sharma *, , Abhishek Kumar Chandra and Sadhana Sachan

Vegetable oils lack acceptable thermo-oxidative stability due to the presence of tertiary β-hydrogen in glycerol backbone of triglyceride molecule. Chemical modification methods may significantly improve the thermo-oxidative stability of vegetable oils derived biolubricants without hindering their environmentally benign characteristics. This study was aimed at evaluation of thermo-oxidative stability of non-edible karanja oil derived biolubricant base oil. The biolubricant karanja oil trimethylolpropane ester (KOTMPE) was synthesized by conventional two step transesterification process. Thermal stability of synthesized product was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis in non-isothermal mode under nitrogen atmosphere, whereas the oxidation stability was analyzed using Rancimat method. Kinetics of thermal degradation of biolubricant was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis to obtain order of thermal degradation, activation energy and the frequency factor. The results revealed excellent thermo-oxidative stability for synthesized product at high temperatures with ample scope for further improvement by blending with appropriate additives as demanded by specific applications

851-854

Authors: Santhosh Guduru, V.V.S.R.N. Anji Karun Mutha, B. Vijayabhaskar, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal , Raghu Babu Korupolu , Kishore Babu Bonige and Chidananda Swamy Rumalla *

The stability of aceclofenac under stress conditions was assessed to identify the degradation products. So, it was subjected to stress conditions like acid, base and oxidation, according to ICH guideline Q1A (R2). One degradation product formed when the drug was subjected to acid stress. Three degradation products were formed during the basic stress condition. The drug substance was found to be stable to oxidative stress. The degradants formed during the stress were separated on a C-18 column using gradient preparative HPLC elution. The only product (DP-2) formed during the acid stress and this one is same as of one of the three degradation products (DP-1, DP-2, DP-3) were formed during base stress. 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectral analysis supported the proposed structures for the products. The products DP-2 and DP-3 have been reported earlier but this is the first report of product DP-1 as a degradation product of aceclofenac.

860-872

Authors: F. Mary Anjalin , N. Kanagathara *, M.K. Marchewka and T. Srinivasan

The comprehensive elucidation of the crystal structure, vibrational and Hirshfeld surface analysis of new crystalline product anilinium malonate C6H5NH3 + . C3H3O4 – are presented in this communication. Single crystals of anilinium malonate have been grown by the method of slow evaporation at room temperature. Single crystal XRD study has been carried out to study the structural properties of the grown crystal and it reveals that the crystal crystallizes in the monoclinic system with centrosymmetric space group P2(1)/n. Room temperature powder infrared and Raman spectra of the aniline malonic acid molecular complex (1:1) were carried out. All the characteristic frequencies present in the crystal gives the notable vibrational effect. Hirshfeld surface analysis has been carried out to know the intercontact between the atoms in the structure of the grown crystal

879-885

Authors: Swathi Pon Sakthi Sri V. , A. Vijayakumar and Mary George*

Deep eutectic solvent comprising of choline chloride and D(+)-glucose was synthesized by mixing in the molar ratio 2:1. Iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method. Deep eutectic solvent consisting of D(+)-glucose acts as a promising reducing agent for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Direct optical band gap of iron oxide nanoparticles was found to be 2.262 eV. Powder X-ray diffraction technique was used to identify the crystalline phases. Surface morphology analysis by Field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the rod shape structure of the iron oxide nanoparticles. Selected area electron diffraction pattern revealed the identity of lattice planes with the XRD data. The antibacterial and photocatalytic activities of the iron oxide nanoparticles were also studied. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles showed appreciable antibacterial and photocatalytic activities

891-895

Authors: Dinesh Kumar Chelike and K. Juliet Gnana Sundari*

Considering the good corrosion resistance of Zn-Ni alloy, it is selected in the present study to be the protective coating on mild steel and it is considered as a strong candidate for the replacement of environmentally hazardous cadmium. Zn-Ni alloy coating is applied by electrodeposition at optimum temperature, current density and time. The bath solution used is consisting of EDTA as complexing agent. The electrodeposition is also carried out with tartaric acid and benzaldehyde additives to have good corrosion resistance and brightness. The electrodeposits obtained with and without additives are examined for nature and alloy composition. The corrosion behaviour of the electrodeposits is studied by Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

901-906

Authors: K. Radhi Devi , G. Selvan , M. Karunakaran * and K. Kasirajan

Pure and metals (Mn & Mg) doped zinc oxide (ZnO, ZnO/Mn and ZnO/Mg) thin films have been successfully grown onto a glass substrates by low cost SILAR method. The structural, morphological, compositional, functional group and optical properties of the prepared films were studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and EDAX, FTIR and UV-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The structure of the films were found to be hexagonal with polycrystalline in nature with preferential orientation along (002) plane. From Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, the presence of functional groups and its corresponding molecular vibrations were assessed. In UV-visible spectroscopy, the obtained direct optical band gap values 3.46, 3.56 and 3.7 eV for pure, Mn and Mg doped ZnO thin films, respectively. Morphological results showed that the remarkable changes in morphology due to the effect of metal doping. EDAX studies showed that the presence of zinc and oxygen content and also a doping metal ions.

917-924

Authors: K. Dhanalakshmi * , A. Jagannatha Reddy and L. Parashuram

Y2SiO5:Ce3+ (1-7 mol %) nanophosphors were prepared by solution combustion method using oxalyldihydrazide fuel. The phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The XRD patterns confirm the monoclinic structure of the prepared phosphors, with crystallite size of 66-74 nm. The surface morphology and elemental composition were evaluated by SEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The optical band gap was calculated and is between 4.66 eV – 4.9 eV. The presence of Si-O-Si and Y-O bonds was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. Effect of cerium concentration on photoluminescence and thermoluminescence intensity were interpreted. The photoluminescence emission spectrum was recorded under excitation wavelength of 370 nm, the emission spectra showed three significant peaks positioned at 418 nm, 459 nm and 485 nm, which are ascribed to electronic transitions between 5d-4f levels. The nature and activity of trap centers were evaluated from the parameters obtained from Chen′s peak shape method. The intense blue emission by phosphor makes it a competent material for blue emission display devices. Also, its thermoluminescence properties make it a good material for dosimetric applications.

938-942

Authors: S.P. Bhale , A.R. Yadav , S.U. Tekale , R.B. Nawale , R.P. Marathe , P.S. Kendrekar and R.P. Pawar*

Different transition metal complexes were synthesized from novel 3-bromo-2-[1-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazide ligand (H2L) and characterized by spectral techniques. The synthesized ligand was found to act mono as well as di deprotonated (OH, NH) manner and stoichiometry of the ligand to metal ions was confirmed to be 1:1 in case of complex using metal chloride salts, whereas 1:2 in case of metal(II) complexes using metal acetate(II) salt. Structures of metal complexes were confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR, TGA, XRD, elemental analysis and UV technique which revealed that Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) complexes were octahedral geometry and those of Cu(II), Zn(II) showed square planner and tetrahedral geometry around metal ion respectively. Furthermore H2L and its metal complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity which showed that ligand enhanced its biological activity after coordination with metal ions. In particular, Cd(II) and Mn(II) complexes exhibited excellent antifungal activity

951-959

Authors: N.K. Chaudhary*, and B. Guragain

A novel AMXTC2 ligand was prepared by simultaneous stirring and refluxing of an equimolar mixture of amoxicillin and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde in methanol and was further used to synthesize metal complexes by metalation with cobalt and cadmium salts, taking ligand metal ratio 2:1. They were characterized by elemental microanalysis, FT-IR, mass, UV-visible, 1 H NMR, thermal analysis, magnetic moment and molar conductance measurements. The coordination sites in the ligand were verified by their comparative and extensive spectral studies. The detailed exploration of the data suggested octahedral geometry for Co-AMXTC2 and tetrahedral geometry for Cd-AMXTC2 complexes. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters such as E*, ∆H*, ∆S* and ∆G* of various decomposition steps were calculated from TGA curves using the Coats-Redfern method. The molar conductivity data suggested non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. SEM analysis was done to observe their surface morphology. The geometry optimization of the proposed molecular structure of the complexes was achieved by running MM2 calculation in Gaussian supported Cs-ChemOffice Ultra-11 program software. The biological activities had been evaluated in vitro against E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. vulgaris and S. aureus pathogens in order to assess their antibacterial potency. The biological data revealed better growth inhibitory action of the ligand and metal complexes with bacterial pathogens.

965-970

Authors: Veerabhadrayya S. Negalurmat , Obelannavar Kotresh* and Mahantesha Basanagouda

In the present study, a series of benzofuran-oxadiazole conjugates 7(a-o) was designed, synthesized and characterized through IR, 1 H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. All the compounds were screened for preliminary antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV. Among all the target compounds, the compound possessing chlorine (7k, MIC 1.56 µg/mL) and bromine (7m, MIC 1.56 µg/mL) on 6th position of benzofuran showed highest activity against Mycobacterium phlei. Whereas, bromine on either 5th position (7l, MIC 3.125 µg/mL) or 6th position (7m MIC 3.125 µg/mL) on benzofuran exhibited highest activity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37 RV).

255-260

Authors: Swathi Thumula

Eco-friendly synthesis of 2-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N-phenylbenzamide derivatives from diethylphthalate, anilines and pyridine-2,3-diamine was described by one-pot three component method via green approaches. Phosphoric acid has been used as an effective catalyst for this kind of one-pot three component reaction. This reaction takes short time, easy workup and gives excellent yields in glycerol medium

268-274

Authors: Vijaykumar S. Bhamare* and Raviraj M. Kulkarni

The influences of [permanganate], [linezolid], [Ru3+], pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent polarity, etc. on the rates of uncatalyzed and Ru3+ catalyzed oxidative degradation of linezolid by Mn7+ were investigated at environmentally relevant pH. The increase in [permanganate], [linezolid] and temperature increases the rates of uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions. It is observed from the calculated pH dependent second order constants that the rate of reaction decreases with increase in pH from 3.0 to 9.0. The values of apparent second order rate constants are 12 times faster in the presence of Ru3+. Four degraded products of linezolid were identified with the help of HR-MS data. Based on kinetic and HR-MS data, a plausible catalytic mechanism was proposed. In this mechanism, Ru3+ acts as an electron shuttle and was oxidized by Mn7+ to the higher oxidation states of ruthenium such as Ru6+ and Ru7+. Activation parameters were determined and discussed.

279-282

Authors: Ashwani Kumar* and Mamta Kamboj

A novel, rapid and facile procedure is described for the determination of vitamin E. It involves the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) with vitamin E that results the formation of pink colored complex of reduced Fe(II) with dimethyl glyoxime in presence of pyridine in pH range between 6.5-7.2. The absorbance of the complex was measured at 512 nm. Beer′s law was obeyed in the range 2.0 to 5.2 µg/ mL of vitamin E with molar absorptivity of 1.23 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and the Sandell′s sensitivity was 0.0351 µg/cm2 . The coefficient of determination was r2 = 0.997 with the relative standard deviation 1.1 %. The various factors which affect the resulting complex were optimized to obtain maximum absorption. The proposed method is satisfactorily utilized for pure as well as various dosage forms of vitamin E in pharmaceutical formulations which contains common reductants by pre-treatment of the samples

287-292

Authors: M. Chandrakala*

The Schiff base, 2-salicylidene-4-aminophenyl benzimidazole (I, SAPbzlH) in ethanolic medium reacts with palladium(II) in acidic medium (HCl/HBr) and coordinated SAPbzlH undergoes hydrolysis at -N=CH- bond to yield salicylaldehyde and square planar complexes having composition [Pd(C13H11N3)2X2]·2HX (II) (X = Cl, Br). The obtained complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectra, infrared, electronic and extensive utility of NMR. Possible mechanism for the hydrolysis of coordinated 2-salicylidene-4-aminophenyl benzimidazole (SAPbzlH) has been proposed.

297-302

Authors: Jeevanreddy Miryala, Mahesh Morthad and Satyanarayana Battu*

As a part of our ongoing research in the development of new, selective and environmental friendly methodologies, herein we report a new series of 2-bromo-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide derivatives using polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) as a solvent. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened to their in vitro antimicrobial activities and all the compounds exhibited remarkable growth inhibition of wide spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Molecular docking was done performed computational software GOLD (Genetic algorithm based, flexible ligand, partial flexibility for protein).

309-316

Authors: M. Mesrar , T. Lamcharfi , N.S. Echatoui , F. Abdi and F.Z. Ahjyaje

In this study, the synthesis of ferroelectric (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3 ceramics have been successfully prepared via a hydrothermal process, using bismuth oxide and barium carbonate. The characterization is done using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy and dielectric measurements. The XRD patterns recorded at room temperature confirmed the formation of a single phase with rhombohedral structure. There is a transformation in crystal structure from rhombohedral to coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal to a single tetragonal phase with the increase in BaTiO3 concentration in basic (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-x-BaTiO3 composition. From SEM microscopy, the particle sizes are estimated in the range of 5-24 µm. The analysis of both Raman and the spectral deconvolution data of our samples also indicated the distortion of (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3 lattice with the addition of Ba2+ ion. Rietveld refinement method allows us to verify the morphotropic phase boundary at x = 0.05-0.07. The dielectric properties of the solid solution increase with a rise in Ba-TiO3 content and shows optimum value at x = 0.07 owing to the co-existence of two ferroelectric phases. Based on these results, it is proved that morphotropic phase boundary in the studied system is included in the composition x = 0.05 and 0.07.

321-326

Authors: B. Vijaya Kumari*, M. Subbarao and P.V.S. Machi Raju

The mangroves region in East Godavari region of India has its significance and existing as an ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities in the surrounding areas influence the quality of surface as well as ground waters in this region as such there will be a threat to the environment. The present study is focused in characterizing the surface and ground waters to assess the influence of surface waters on ground water quality. Surface and ground water samples were collected from Chollangi mangrove region and characterized for physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), calcium and magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate and phosphate. The metal ion concentrations were also analyzed by ICP-MS technique. The irrigation parameters like percent sodium (% Na), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's ratio (KR) and magnesium hazard (MH) were determined. The results revealed that the higher value of all the parameters are due to the hectic interactions of surface waters with ground waters, which are a significant cause for contamination of ground waters in the study area. Lower concentrations of metal ions indicate the absence of metal toxicity in waters. However, higher level of magnesium hazard can deplete the soil quality. The presence of bacteria like Pseudomonas spp, E. coli and Bacillus spps can also cause severe health hazards.

333-336

Authors: Chinnadurai Anbuselvan

A series of ((3E,4E)-3,4-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone compounds (1-3) were synthesized by a simple one-step condensation reaction of pyridinyl compounds. The synthesized compounds 1-3 were characterized by elemental, FTIR, 1 H and 13C NMR spectral data. From IR and NMR spectra, the characteristic frequencies were assigned and the data used for confirmation of the formation pyridinyl methylene amino. All the compounds were screened for their preliminary antibacterial and antifungal activities. The antimicrobial activity of pyridinyl methylene amino and Schiff bases of pyridinyl substituted compounds were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus mutans. Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, Salmonella typhi) and Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (fungi). The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity of Schiff bases was stronger than that of pyridinyl compounds and dependent on the substituent group. The pyridinyl substituted compounds 1 and 2 show good antibacterial activity against their bacterial strains within the agreed mm of zone of inhibition. The compounds 1 and 2 substituted pyridinyl also showed good antifungal activities against their fungal strains.

343-347

Authors: S. Archana * and Manjunathan Munisamy

A series of poly(o-phenylenediamine) doped with TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method using ferric chloride as an oxidant. The structural, morphological and optical properties were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), FTIR, UV-visible, photoluminescence spectroscopies. It was found that the photoluminescence spectra of polymer nanocomposites emit radiation at 540 nm which corresponds to the emission of green light. The polymer and its nanocomposites exhibit interesting concentration-dependent optical properties.

353-359

Authors: Mouyed Khudhair Hassan and Ahmed Fadhil Khudhair*

For pre-concentration, cloud-point extraction method is used to extract and determine the trace amount of copper element present in urine samples and analyzed by using UV-visible spectrophotometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry techniques, when copper reacted with salicylaldoxime by using Triton X-114 as non-ionic surfactant to form the complex. The most important factors studied in present work are the order of additions, pH values, the concentration of salicylaldoxime, temperature and appropriate time of extraction process. Other factors studied were the effect of types and concentration of Triton X-114 as non-ionic surfactant. The scatter curve was in the range of 0.50- 16.00 µg/L with r2 = 0.9979 for UV-visible spectrophotometer (λmax = 380 nm). The LOD was 0.103 µg/L. The RSD for six replicates was found to be 4.917 %. This method was applied successfully to determine copper(II) contents in 44 urine samples of occupational workers.

367-372

Authors: U.M. Mandle , L.A. Dhale , Ketan A. Ganure , B.L. Shinde and K.S. Lohar*

Nanocrystalline copper substituted nickel zinc ferrites with composition, Ni0.5CuxZn0.5-xFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion technique. All the precursors sintered at 400 ºC for 4 h. The stoichiometry and single phase cubic spinel structure confirmed from EDAX and XRD patterns, respectively. Morphology studied by SEM technique. Infrared spectrum of prepared samples investigated at room temperature in the range of 800-300 cm-1. Three major IR absorption bands of tetrahedral frequency in the range of 578-551 cm-1, octahedral frequency in the range of 422-406 cm-1 and ν3 in the range of 352.08 to 325.01 cm-1 observed. The stiffness constant (C11 and C12), elastic moduli, such as Young′s modulus, rigidity modulus, Poisson′s ratio and Debye temperature were determined from IR and structural data. The stiffness constant (C11 and C12) and elastic moduli decreases while Debye temperature increases with copper substitution.

378-384

Authors: P. Jahfar Ali*, S. Elumalai , M. Sathya and G. Muthuraman

Textile industries consume a large quantity of water and generate highly dye contaminated effluents. Textile wastewaters have to be treated or recycled before being discharged. Present work gives a light of extraction, recovery and reuse of methylene blue (MB) a cationic dye; one of the most commonly used substance for dyeing cotton, wood, silk etc., using liquid-liquid extraction method. Even though methylene blue is not only strongly hazardous, it shows some health problems like increased heart rate on acute exposure, shock, vomiting, Heinz body formation, etc. Extraction of methylene blue was carried out using phenol and xylene as carrier and diluent respectively in this work. It was found that extraction increased by increasing the pH of the feed solution and concentration of the carrier. The extracted dye was stripped using acetic acid and found stripping efficiency, increased with increase of acid concentration. More than 99 % dye was extracted with 0.9 mol of phenol and extracted dye was stripped 99 % with 8 N acetic acid. Factors like initial dye concentration, temperature, contact time, the effect of pH, aqueous to organic phase ratio, various stripping agents and different diluents were investigated. Stripped dye and used carrier were reused. FT-IR technique was used to check the reusability of stripped dye.

389-392

Authors: S.S. Kurdur1 , K.A. Thabaj*, R.M. Kulkarni , A.D. Kulkarni , D.P. Rendedula , S.A. Malladi and P.B. Belavi

Oxidative degradation reactions of paliperidone are studied using potassium permanganate in acidic medium spectrophotometrically. Complete reaction was carried out in pseudo first order condition. The reaction orders were calculated with respect to the paliperidone and acid, the obtained values indicate that these reactant have less than first order dependency on the reaction rate. Oxidation products were identified using LC-MS technique and their m/z values were found to be 207, 221 and 443. Kinetics and the mechanism of the reactions were derived from the results identified. The reactions were studied at four different temperatures with different paliperidone and acid concentrations. The activation and thermodynamic parameters were calculated by graphical method.

396-402

Authors: Archana Gautam * and Sulekh Chandra

Complexes of Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Cu(II) with a novel azamacrocyclic ligand viz. 5,7,12,14- tetramethyl-1,2,4,8,10,11-hexaazacyclotetradeca-4,7,11,14-tetraene-3,9-dione (L) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibitity, mass spectra, 1 H NMR (L), FT-IR and electronic spectral studies. In molecular modeling, the geometry of ligand (L) was fully optimized with respect to the energy using the 6-31g(d,p) basis set. On the basis of these spectral studies a distorted octahedral geometry was assigned for Ni(II) complex, square planar for Pd(II), octahedral and tetragonal geometry for Pt(IV) and Cu(II) complexes respectively. The ligand and its metal complexes were screened in vitro against some species of bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi. Electrochemical behaviour of nickel and copper complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.

410-416

Authors: Hathama Razooki Hasan* and Thikra Hasan Mathkor

Numerous studies have pointed a link between exposure to environmental chemicals and disturbance of hormones. The present study consisted of 22 chemistry undergraduate final year students (11 males and 11 females) of Baghdad University, Iraq. Samples (serum and saliva) were collected in the middle of September, 2017 (before exposure group) and after 3 months of their practical study at chemistry teaching laboratory (after exposure group). All studied hormones (TSH, testosterone and cortisol) were found to increase in both male and female subgroups. The increase was statistically significant for serum TSH and testosterone (p < 0.05) and insignificant for cortisol. Insignificant variations were reported for salivary hormones (testosterone and cortisol). Serum and salivary α-amylase activity was found to be insignificantly decreased and increased respectively, in the exposure groups.

422-426

Authors: Chandrakant V. Zure and Rahul V. Pinjari*

Ethyl-3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate is being used in flavor, fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Generally acetonitrile, benzene, toluene, methanol and dichloromethane are used as solvent in synthesis of ethyl-3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate. Complete removal of such organic volatile components is not always possible and they may remain at residual level. However, these solvents are harmful and toxic to human as well as in environment above certain concentration. This necessitates the identification of the residual solvents and controlling them within residual solvents acceptance limit set by ICH (Q3C) guidelines. In present work, simple and rapid gas chromatographic method using head space sampler and flame ionization detector have been developed for determination of a residual solvents in ethyl-3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate. This method resulted into a well separation of residual solvents on non-polar capillary columns. The method is validated for precision, recovery, linearity, range and limit of detection as per ICH guideline

433-437

Authors: Siti Umi Kalthum Ab Wahab, Kamaruzzaman Yunus* , Mohd Armi Abu Samah* , Mohd Shukri Mohd Aris and Asnor Azrin Sabuti

This study was focused on the correlation between water quality parameters with the level of radioactive elements and heavy metals at six different sampling points of rivers. For achieving these objectives, collected data was done for Balok river and Tunggak river in dry seasons. Both of the rivers selected were located in Gebeng industrial area, Pahang, Malaysia. The physical parameters such as temperature, specific conductivity, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen were measured by using hydrolab. The water samples were then collected for tracing the radioactive elements and heavy metals by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The readings obtained from both in situ and ex situ analysis was analyzed by using SPSS to know the correlation between water quality parameter, radioactive elements and heavy metals. There were significant relationships found between all water quality parameters and most heavy metals selected (lead and cadmium), except for arsenic. While, for radioactive elements, in the year 2015, there were significant relationships found between most water quality parameters and thorium, exception for uranium. However, for year 2014, there is no significant relationship observed. The findings of the study showed some of the presence of pollutants such as heavy metals and radioactive elements concentrations were reflected some of the water quality parameters at all the sampling locations

445-448

Authors: Abdalfatah Abdalla Fadlelmula* and Abdulaziz Ali Alomari

Capparis spinosa and Dodonaea viscose are commonly known plants in South of Saudi Arabia (Jabal Shuda in Albahah area). They are extremely valued medicinal plants. The variety of active chemicals like flavonoids, tannin and other antioxidants which are responsible of therapeutic properties in these plants, which are vary in their constituents in all plant parts. In this study, the medicinal plants Capparis spinosa and Dodonaea viscose were collected from Jabal Shuda in Albaha Area of Saudi Arabia. Total phenolic content and the effectiveness of the leaves extracts against the free radical scavenging DPPH were carried out. Four different solvents (ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were studied and their results were compared. Total phenolic contents expressed as gallic acid equivalent, whereas scavenging capacity for DPPH radical was measured as IC50 values. The elevated total phenolic content (351.59 ± 0.06 mg/g GAE) and highest value of antioxidant activity (76.58 ± 0.024 % lower value of IC50, 0.0358 ± 0.09 mg/mL) were observed in ethyl acetate extract of D. viscose leaves. The n-butanol extract of C. spinosa leaves exhibited total phenolic content (128.32 ± 0.4 mg GAE/g) which was lower than that shown by n-butanol leaves extract of D. viscose (231.98 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g). Leaves extracts of Capparis spinosa and Dodonaea viscose that grow wildly in Jabal Shuda in Albahah area of Southern Saudi Arabia are rich in phenolic compounds which exhibited high antioxidant activity, but Dodonaea viscose was more valued than Capparis spinosa in these compounds.

453-459

Authors: N. Mahendran, S. Johnson Jeyakumar* , M. Jothibas and A. Muthuvel

The novel HfO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized using sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed the transition of cubic to monoclinic phase and calculated particle sizes are 34.92 and 35.66 nm in cubic phase and increase in molar concentration increased the size to 60.31 and 60.33 nm. The optical band gap energy decrease with increasing molar concentrations. We expect that this sol-gel method may be extended to the preparation of nanostructures of other kinds of metal oxides.

463-468

Authors: Chitra Manro* and Ritu Jain

The changes in dielectric parameters of 4-bromoacetanilide in dilute solution of carbon tetrachloride with temperature variation are studied at a fixed frequency of 9.27 GHz. The investigation are being done for five different mole fractions of 4-bromoacetanilide in the microwave region. The values of dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε′′) are determined by using Heston et al. method. Permittivity at a static frequency (εo) and at an optical frequency (ε∞) is calculated with the help of dipole meter and Abbe’s refractometer, respectively. Higasi’s method is used to calculate the values of relaxation times (τ1, τ2 and τ0). From these values, it is found that the relaxation time decreases systematically with the increase in temperature. The fall of τ2 with the increase in temperature has been observed to be more remarkable in comparison to the value of τ1. It indicates that the rate of falls of the relaxation time related to intramolecular rotation with temperature is faster as compared to the internal group rotation.

472-476

Authors: M. Gourouza*, M. Harouna , A. Zanguina , I. Natatou and A. Boos

Niger imports a huge quantity of bentonite, which it uses in mining and oil exploration, but also in village hydraulics. The objective of this study is the search for a bentonite-type clay deposit on the Nigerian territory. The clay fraction of a material collected on a clay deposit of the Paleocene Garadaoua Formation in the Ullemmeden basin (central Niger) was the subject of a series of analyzes: DRX; ICP-AES; ICP-MS; ATD-ATG; IR; Adsorption/desorption of N2 at 77 K; cation exchange capacity, granulometry. DRX results corroborated by those of IR and ATD-ATG indicate that the clay minerals constituting the collected material are: montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite, with a strong predominance of montmorillonite. The mineralogical and chemical composition, the specific surface and the cation exchange capacity obtained indicate that the analyzed material is similar to that of Maghnia bentonite in Algeria.

481-486

Authors: Monika Tyagi and Sulekh Chandra*

Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with Schiff's base ligand, 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2- yliminomethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol have been synthesized. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, NMR, mass, IR, EPR and electronic spectral studies. The geometry of complexes has been optimized by using Gaussian 09 W. The complexes were found to be non electrolytes. These complexes have general composition [M(L)2X2] [where L = Schiff′s base ligand, M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) and X = Cl− , CH3COO− ]. Spectral data indicates octahedral geometry for Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), but Cu(II) complexes were found to have tetragonal geometry. The fungal activity of ligand and complexes has been examined against fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis by means of food poison method. The results suggest that the metal complexes show better antifungal activity in the comparison of ligand.