Bulletin of Science and Practice

21-28

Authors: Dziuba M., Navrotskaya I., Brovko R., Doluda V.

The universally depleting reserves of traditional hydrocarbons require the development of a technology for producing synthetic hydrocarbons from renewable sources or human waste. Currently, among the possible methods for producing synthetic hydrocarbons, it is necessary to note the Fischer–Tropsch method and the method of methanol/dimethyl ether catalytic transformation. Moreover, the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas — the Fischer–Tropsch method, is suitable for the production of linear hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons synthesis using methanol/dimethyl ether is suitable for the production of olefins, branched paraffin, aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the synthesis conditions, it is possible to preferentially obtain a certain type of hydrocarbon, which significantly increases the value of this process. In this article modification of zeolite type H-ZSM-5 with zinc is studied in order to increase the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. Zeolite in acid form was treated with zinс acetate solutions of different concentrations, followed by calcination of the samples. The efficiency of the catalysts was studied in a flow tube reactor set-up, and the surface acidity of the samples was also determined. An increase in the zinc content in zeolite contributed to a decrease in the acidity of the samples and modification of their active centers. However, at high zinc content, a separate oxide phase forms, which contributes to a slight increase in acidity. Modification of zeolite with zinc leads to a decrease in the rate of transformation of dimethyl ether and the rate of liquid hydrocarbons formation. However, a general decrease in acidity and modification of zeolite with zinc contributes to a significant decrease in the amount of heavy aromatic compounds formed, with an increase in the amount of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons being formed.

38-45

Authors: Gendugov T., Glushko A., Chiriapkin A., Chiriapkin V.

The article considers the study in silico of the affinity of 3-[2-oxo-2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone (VMA-10-21 compound) to the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA А receptor by molecular docking method. The computational experiment was carried out using a set of Autodock programs. As a result, the method for predicting the affinity of the simulated compounds to the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA A receptor was developed. The highest correlation coefficient between the PKI value and the average docking energy in the benzodiazepine binding site (0.54) was obtained using a set of amino acids Tyr 58 and Tyr 159. The predicted Ki value of the VMA-10-21 compound is 2.864 nM, which suggests a high affinity of the studied compound to this receptor.

53-57

Authors: Ibadullayeva, S., & Alakbarov, R.

New for the flora of Azerbaijan species Salvia modesta Boiss. Was found for the first time during the expeditions in the vicinity of Agbulag, Kyulyus, Bicheneg (Batabat plateau) villages of Shahbaz district of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan under floristic, geobotanical and ethnobotanical studies. Bioecological and phenomenological features of the species were studied, and location coordinates were determined.

63-73

Authors: Mammadov G., Sultanov E., Agabalaev F.

Discusses aspects of the environmental assessment of biocenoses in protected areas of the country. Due to the high anthropogenic press, there is a need for an environmental assessment of soil and vegetation cover and avifauna in specific changing environmental conditions in Altyaghach National Park. As a result of studies on various parameters, estimated ecological scales were compiled for the soil, vegetation cover, and for the avifauna of this territory. Based on the compiled scales, ecological assessments for biotopes were calculated. The highest average ecological value is estimated for the residential biotope 87, and the lowest in the mountain–steppe biotope 62, for the dense forest biotope 82 and 69 for the woodland forest. The Altyaghach National Park has an average ecological rating of 89 for the land cover, 68 for the vegetation cover, and 69 for the avifauna. The total ecological assessment based on the three ecosystem components throughout the Altyaghach National Park is an average of 75 points.

83-88

Authors: Ashrapov A., Yuldoshev Kh., Kamilov B.

Embryonic development of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was studied; the species was introduced from China to Uzbekistan in the early 1960s. More than 10 generation changes were taken place in local conditions. Artificial reproduction by using gonadotropic stimulation of ripening and egg incubation is the main method to provide reproduction of the species in the country. Embryonic development passed normally. A larvae hatching occurs after 32 hours after fertilization at water temperature 21–23 °C, the transition to mixed feeding of larvae after 4 days, to exogenous feeding after 5 days. The embryonic development rate is some higher than in the 1960–1980s in local conditions and higher than in the river Yangtze. Construction of water supply in hatchery provides a more stable water temperature without noticeable changes in the night.

97-104

Authors: Stepanov N., Duvayarov Z., Bystrova I., Chepaikina T., Kostrova V.

The prevalence and incidence of prostate cancer are gradually increasing both in our country and in countries near and far abroad. The difficulties in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer are convincingly evidenced by the fact that the level of diagnostic errors reaches 40%. It should be noted that in assessing the differential diagnostic capabilities of the indicators of the clinical and special examination methods for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, disagreements were found in 46–77% of the analyzed clinical signs, the changes of which mainly reflect the negative nature of the effect of tumor decay products on the patient’s body. The aim of the study was to improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer by using the mathematical method of differential diagnosis of prostate pathology, as well as the rationale for the proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with clinical symptoms. Using our proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer makes the diagnosis not only reliable and accurate but also independent of the level of qualification of the urologist and his personal experience, allows you to unify, optimize and personify the differential diagnosis of prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer.

113-119

Authors: Maimerova G., Vychigzhanina N., Kondratieva E.

The article presents the results of 92 preterm infants with various pathological conditions (study group) and 28 “conditionally healthy” preterm infants (control group). Bacteriological inoculation in premature infants was performed on the 1-7th day of life. To establish the features of the formation of intestinal microflora of a premature newborn in various pathological conditions in the early neonatal period.

128-136

Authors: Matkeeva A., Kondratieva E.

The article studies the mechanisms of various types of formation of somatic diseases that underwent perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. And also, the study included 30 children with attention deficit disorder with hyperreactivity in combination with various somatic diseases aged 6 to 8 years and a control group of 30 children (children’s health). The study concluded that the severity of disorders depends on the level of neuropsychic development. Children showed high morbidity, delayed maturation of bioelectrical activity of the brain, impaired autoregulation of cerebral circulation, tension and overstrain of autonomic regulation, imbalance of the immune system, reflecting the immaturity of the central, autonomic nervous, immune system.

147-152

Authors: Jiemuratova G., Janabaeva G., Otekeeva S.

The review highlights the state of the skin as an organ of immunogenic due to the presence in it of various populations of immunocompetent cells: T-, B-lymphocytes, NK- and dendritic cells, which are so important for the development of the immune response. This gives the skin the opportunity to perform a number of physiological functions important for the body: recognition of antigenic material and its elimination, extrathymic differentiation of immature cells into T-lymphocytes, immunological surveillance of tumor cells and others. The variety of cells included in the immune system of the skin, as well as the diversity of their functions, explain the fact that at the skin level, all types of immunopathological syndromes (immunodeficiency, autoimmune, allergic, lymphoproliferative) can occur.

157-162

Authors: Utepbergenova, G., Kalenderova, G., & Tursynbekova, H.

A review of the literature on the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis, physical activity of patients, its role in the development of functional problems that cause restriction of life and decrease in the quality of life, as well as the effectiveness of physical exercise (exercise therapy, physical therapy) in the treatment of this pathology. Particular attention is paid to the good tolerability of exercise therapy, which some authors call additional treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, improving the functional state, but not affecting the course and outcome of the disease.

184-194

Authors: Akpysharov N.

Mental disorders are an acute public health problem in the WHO European region, affecting 25% of the entire population every year. WHO activities in the area of mental health promotion at the level of individuals and society as a whole are aimed at improving human mental well-being, preventing mental disorders, protecting human rights and caring for people with mental disorders. The WHO European Conference on Mental Health (2005), 66th Session of the World Health Assembly (2013), 63rd Session of the WHO European Regional Committee (2013) have focused on mental health. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the State policy to change the system of assistance to persons with mental disabilities, to establish a unified mental health service and to change the attitude of society towards mental health and the mentally ill is reflected in the National Program Mental health of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2001–2010, the National Health Reform Program of the Kyrgyz Republic Den Sooluk for 2012–2018, for the Sustainable Development Goals up to 2030, adopted at the Summit by UN members, the Program for Mental Health Protection of the Population of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2018-2030. Given the negative trends in the mental health care system, an important element in addressing the shortcomings is the increased use of new institutional forms of mental health care, such as the Medical Rehabilitation Unit, Intensive Mental Health Care Unit, Psychiatric Dispensaries and Outpatient Psychiatric Rooms, in dispensary monitoring. Priority in the further development of psychiatric care should be given to the most effective and less costly forms of its provision, ahead of the development of outpatient level, inter-agency interaction, and integration of psychiatric service with other levels of regional health and social protection.

203-210

Authors: Pechenkina V., Boronnikova S.

Monitoring of potato varieties phytosanitary status is a necessary measure of its stable yield since due to the vegetative propagation method, the accumulation of viruses increases over generations. Fourteen varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. grown in the Perm Territory were studied for infection with the potato viruses PVX (X) and PVY (Y). Among the six (Rosara, Impala, Aladdin, Lady Claire, Gala, Madeira) are varieties of foreign selection, and 8 varieties (Golubizna, Udacha, Krasavchik, Charodei, Nevsky, Otrada, Tescha, Elizaveta) — domestic selection. A real-time PCR method was used for material investigation since it allows quick and efficient evaluation of plant material for the presence of viral infection. During real-time PCR Y, potato virus was detected in all 90 samples of 14 studied potato varieties from three storage locations. Potato X virus was detected in 54 samples of 11 studied potato varieties from three different storage locations. It was established that the studied planting material of all 14 varieties of potatoes is infected with the Y virus, which affects crop yields to a greater extent. Private households are most susceptible to infection of planting material with X and Y potato viruses. Recommendations are given on reducing the viral diseases of potato planting material.

217-223

Authors: Mustafayev Z.

The article presents the general physical and geographical location of the terrain, geomorphological and geological structure, climatic condition, soil and vegetation cover of the Lesser Caucasus, the results of soil microorganisms of gray-brown (Kastanozems) soils under grain are considered and analyzed. The studies were conducted in 2018–2019. in the field and in the laboratory by conventional methods. It was found that the number of aerobic diazotrophs in the rhizosphere from May to July varies considerably. Changes depend on crop development and the greatest number and activity were observed in June. Activation of bacteria in agro phytocoenosis winter grain falls on the dairy phase and waxy hundred related to high soil moisture and temperature.

233-238

Authors: Erlygina E., Shalimova T.

The article considers ways to manage the innovative adaptation of agro-industrial enterprises, taking into account the innovative susceptibility. Innovative susceptibility is considered as the most important characteristic that allows us to judge the readiness of the enterprise to changes and adaptability to new conditions of the economic environment. Prospects of development of agro-defined innovation activity due to the need to increase demand and increased competition.

244-248

Authors: Erlygina E., Yamanov A.

The article discusses the features of the marketing system in the agricultural sector. The features of the marketing system in the agro-industrial complex are closely related to the features of agriculture, the ongoing natural and economic processes, as well as the variety of organizational forms of management. The article deals with the tasks and functions of marketing in agricultural enterprises, reveals the problems, and suggests ways to solve them.

257-266

Authors: Burdinov D.

The stages of the water life cycle are considered not only in the water supply system but also in the water disposal system. The pros and cons of various methods of disinfecting freshwater are examined. Particular attention is paid to the problems of water reserves not only in Russia but also in the world. The problems of the water supply and sewage system in Russia are considered. Examples of solutions to these problems are provided.

276-279

Authors: Gofman M., Mauru Z.

The article discusses modern technologies for the reconstruction of buildings and structures. Innovative materials used in the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures are presented. Their structure and properties are described. Their advantages and disadvantages are given.

286-290

Authors: Tsukanov V., Burdinov D.

Currently, in cities, there is a problem of a deficit of territories for residential development. Given the problems of natural nature and the limitations of urban standards, the solution to this problem is the reconstruction of existing multi-story residential buildings. This technology to strengthen the housing stock will solve social, economic, and urban problems. Today, there are a number of technological solutions that have already been put into practice and are used with varying degrees of prevalence on the territory of the Russian Federation. These methods have their characteristic technical features and are discussed in detail in this article.

295-300

Authors: Karanova, V., & Sebeleva, A.

Currently, in Russian cities, a significant part of the housing stock in the areas of existing development has a high level of physical and moral wear and tear. Reconstruction of residential buildings will not only extend the life cycle but also significantly improve the quality of housing, equip homes with modern engineering equipment, improve the architectural expressiveness of buildings, and increase their energy efficiency.

305-309

Authors: Grigorenko A., Gandilyan D.

The reconstruction of buildings and their stages are considered. The process is aimed at changing the characteristics of the structure, its layout, and its purpose. This is a complex procedure that requires a certain amount of time and training to complete it. It is necessary to take into account all the factors that can affect it, to prepare and implement the project itself.

318-325

Authors: Karimov B.

The article reveals the advantages and disadvantages of using medium-term planning of the state budget in the practice of foreign countries. The importance of medium-term planning of the state budget is justified in order to implement state priorities, minimize costs, and increase the efficiency of budget expenditures.

346-355

Authors: Nakonechnaya T., Artemyeva, D., Elizarieva, A., & Stepanova, N.

The history of the emergence of outsourcing in the world and its appearance in Russia is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of using outsourcing are analyzed. The assessment of the opportunities and prospects of outsourcing in the field of accounting services in Russia. In conclusion, it is concluded that outsourcing can improve the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole and use the freed-up organizational, financial and human resources to develop new areas or concentrate efforts that do not require increased attention.

362-366

Authors: Najimov I.

In the innovative development of the economy of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the building materials industry has a special priority. The paper considers the most important factors for the sustainable development of this industry. It is determined that it is the basis for subsequent work to ensure the effective innovative development of enterprises in the industry under study.

374-381

Authors: Lazareva A., Goncharov A., Kvasnikova T.

We study such a characteristic of criminal behavior as the emotional state of the guilty person at the time the crime was committed, namely, the state of sudden strong emotional disturbance, which was called “affect” in psychology and psychiatry. The effect is a multidimensional phenomenon that should be considered not only from the criminal law but also from a medical point of view. The analysis and generalization of the attributes of effect are important not only for theoretical research but also for solving issues of law enforcement practice.

388-392

Authors: Sutalinova N., Toktobaev B.

The article is devoted to the study of legal mechanisms for consolidating the principle of humanism in constitutional legislation. The authors, assuming that humanism as a universal, including legal category, is a fundamental guideline for the formation of the legal system of the state, explores the forms of expression of this principle through constitutional and legal norms. At the same time, the authors make the assumption that humanism, being a comprehensive category, sometimes does not receive that direct fixation in the norms of direct action, which he could count on, given the significance of this principle for the entire system of regulators. In this regard, the author sets himself the goal of exploring the mechanisms of legal formation that lead to the desired result of the formation of an array of legal norms that mediate the principle of humanism. To achieve this goal, the author used general and private scientific research methods, which allowed to come to a number of conclusions, including a certain degree of decorativeness in the legal consolidation of the principle of humanism, when it comes to constitutional and legal norms.

18-26

Authors: Mushinskii L., Navrotskaya I., Brovko R., Doluda V.

This paper presents a study of the kinetics of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in the presence of Ni-containing catalysts based on super-crosslinked polystyrene. Aniline hydrogenation is a complex multi-stage process accompanied by the formation of a large number of both intermediate and by-products, including azobenzene, azoxybenzene, nitrosobenzene, phenylhydroxylamine, and other substances. Therefore the study of the process kinetics is an important scientific and technical task necessary to increase the yield of the target product — aniline. The hydrogenation reaction of nitrobenzene was carried out in a six-cell high-pressure reactor Parr instruments, Series 5000. The products were analyzed by chromatography using a gas chromatograph Kristallux-4000M (Russia, Meta–Chrom). The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration of the catalyst was studied; optimal reaction conditions were selected that ensure the maximum yield of aniline. Investigation of the effect of the nitrobenzene initial concentration on the rate of its transformation shows that increase of catalyst to nitrobenzene ratio from 0.2 to 0.6 kg (Cat)/kg (NB) leads to a linear increase in the rate of transformation of nitrobenzene from 0.0002 kg (NB) / (kg (Cat)*s ) to 0.0028 kg(NB)/(kg(Cat)*s), a further increase in the ratio of catalyst concentration to nitrobenzene concentration to 1.2 kg (Cat)/kg(NB) leads to stabilization of the nitrobenzene transformation rate at the level of 0.003 kg(NB)/(kg(Cat)*s). An increase in the temperature of the reaction from 90 to 160 °C contributes to a significant increase in the nitrobenzene transformation rate. The constructed dependencies made it possible to calculate the apparent activation energy of the process, which amounted to be 50.4 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor, which amounted to be 15821.1 1/s. The applicability of the Langmuir–Henschelwood model to describe the basic kinetic laws of the reaction of catalytic nitrobenzene hydrogenation with the formation of aniline is studied. Numerical methods in the Matlab software allows to determine the values of preexponential factors and activation energies of the nitrobenzene hydrogenation processes, adsorption of nitrobenzene and adsorption of hydrogen, which made it possible to establish the optimal area of nitrobenzene hydrogenation process of hydrogenation of Pн2 = 15–18 atm, C(NB) = 1.2 kg(NB)/kg(Cat), t =115–120 °C providing maximum speed.

37-40

Authors: Rzayeva A.

The article provides some information about spore-forming bacteria (bacilli) and micromycetes of natural (virgin) stenosis under herbaceous vegetation and agrocenosis (cereals). It was established that in both senses there are 3 strains of spore-forming bacteria and 4 strains of micromycetes. Bacilli and micromycetes actively decompose complex polysaccharides to monosaccharides, which are easily absorbed by plants. Bacilli and micromycetes have a strong enzymatic effect on plant residues, transforming decomposition products in the process of humus formation. Together with invertebrate animals, they are included in the decomposition chain of phytomass residues. Bacilli and micromycetes, being active under mesophilic conditions, are also significant in arid soils.

58-65

Authors: Mammadova Z.

During the study of seed productivity in species of leguminous plants Vicia sativa L., V. crocea Desf., V. alpestris Stev., V. sepium L., Medicago glutinosa Bieb., Astragalus glycyphyllus L., A. falcatus Lam., A. aduncus L., A. kubensis Grossh. and Trifolium caucasicum Tausch. Studied at the level of cenopopulation in the area of different botanical geographical districts of Azerbaijan Republic the highest value has been observed in T. caucasicum Tausch. species (Cp=0.80), and the lowest values in A. glycyphyllus L. (Cp=0.43) and A. aduncus L. (Cp=0.43). By studying seed productivity of leguminous crops, it is possible to achieve significant results in the development of animal husbandry in the country, including the provision of food security.

74-80

Authors: Kantsavaya I., Nikitin A., Tankevich E., Sidareika Yu.

The work examines the number of the main physiological groups of microorganisms in the peat soil of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Methods: Koch cup method, agrochemical methods, γ-spectrometry, statistical analysis. An analysis of the numbers of the main physiological groups of microorganisms showed that a peat soil sample II, which was characterized by a lower level of contamination with technogenic radionuclides as compared to sample I, contains a smaller amount of ammonifying and phosphate — mobilizing bacteria, as well as micromycetes, respectively, more than 2–20 times compared with sample I. For the remaining studied groups of microorganisms in sample II, in comparison with the sample I was noted an excess of the number of microorganisms by less than 1.5 times. For this soil sample, the largest number is typical for autochthonous microorganisms, then in a row with decreasing numbers are presented: amylolytic, oligonitrophilic, spore ammonifiers, cellulose–destroying aerobic bacteria. It was established that the peat soil of the sample plot I am characterized by a greater degree of enrichment of the soil with microorganisms. This is due, firstly, with an increased water content in the peat sample I (up to 90%) that promotes rapid growth soil microorganism’s population; secondly, it is determined by a large number of plant roots. The density of peat soil radionuclide contamination to a lesser extent affects the quantitative content of most of the physiological groups of microorganisms studied in it.

93-98

Authors: Emilbekov M.

The article presents the results of conservative treatment in 35 patients with the diagnosis of Torticollis, who was hospitalized at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. For 2 years, these patients received regular conservative therapy and were registered. 16 (65%) had good results, and 9 (35%) had satisfactory results. To support the results of treatment, 82% of patients needed to continue treatment with conservative methods for another 1.0–1.5 years.

106-111

Authors: Shaiderova I.

The article presents a comparative analysis of indicators of electromechanical activity and cardiohemodynamics in children of the first 3 years of life, patients with recurrent bronchitis. The direction and frequency of changes in the electro– and echocardiogram in sick children in the age aspect were determined.

118-123

Authors: Satarkulova A.

Prenosological assessment of the functional state of students studying in different climatic and geographical conditions is a very important task since it allows timely detection of conditions that precede pathologies in students and contributes to the preservation of health. Goal. Study of the state of the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system in foreign students living and studying in the midlands. Materials and methods. The study involved 342 first- and third-year students aged 20.0±1.9 years from India. The survey was carried out in the conditions of the low mountains (760 m above sea level, control group) and the midlands (1650 m above sea level). The main time and spectral parameters of HRV were recorded within 5 minutes using the hardware and software complex Psychophysiologist. Results. The comparative assessment showed that students living in the conditions of the midlands had low values of SDNN, TP, VLF, LF and HF and high indicators of Amo, HR, SI, which indicates the predominance of central regulatory mechanisms and the shift of the vegetative balance towards the sympathetic link in this group. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the spectral and temporal parameters of HRV in midlands students characterize the idea of a regulatory and adaptive state of the body, in which energy and metabolic resources are activated, primarily the circulatory system, aimed at maintaining homeostasis in changing environmental conditions.

130-134

Authors: Tashpolotov K.

The article describes the judgment on the nature of living-related transplantation. We must proceed from the fact that any patient who is doomed to death, while breathing, remains a person aimed at the future. With a related organ transplant, doctors act morally, but with elements of error. And if you take into account the fact those doctors have an alternative way — transplantation of organs taken from a corpse; that is, in a linear order, then they would act morally without any reservations. In moral matters, doctors should strive for an affordable optimum, guided by moral responsibility.

147-152

Authors: Babaev F.

In the general structure of chronic renal failure, up to 40% is terminal chronic renal failure requiring replacement renal therapy, particularly hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Azerbaijan has an annual increase in the number of patients with chronic renal failure by 10–12 percent. In 2006, the State Program of Measures for Chronic Renal Failure 2006–2011 was adopted to reduce the prevalence and improve the quality of treatment for chronic renal failure. The implementation of this program allowed to create a state register of patients with chronic renal failure, expand the network of hemodialysis centers, increase availability in medicines, use modern methods of early diagnosis and prevention of chronic renal failure. In order to further improve nephrological assistance, the second stage of the State Program for the Reduction of Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Azerbaijan for 2011–2016 years has been adopted. The effectiveness of the Program to reduce chronic renal insufficiency in Azerbaijan has been demonstrated by the improvement of the quality of medical care, the increase in life expectancy, and the reduction of mortality. It should be noted that thanks to this program, the number of patients receiving hemodialysis per 21.0–25.0% increases annually. In 2010, the Republican Clinical Urological Hospital opened a kidney transplant center. The main objectives of the Program are to reduce mortality from chronic renal failure, Increasing hemodialysis centers according to the number of patients with chronic renal failure and kidney transplant operations. In 2016, the State Program of chronic renal failure for 2016–2020 was adopted. Some progress has been made during the implementation of the State Program. In many parts of Azerbaijan, the population is provided with dialysis assistance free of charge from the State budget. By January 1, 2020, there are 3 kidney transplantation centers and 45 hemodialysis centers equipped with 716 dialysis devices.

173-180

Authors: Ganiyeva S.

The morphogenetic analysis of the soils in the Absheron administrative region was analyzed, the peculiarity of the ecological factors affecting the formation of physical, physicochemical characters was given. The composition of soil fund is analyzed. An area of clayey, heavy, average, light clayey, sandy soils was calculated. The land grouping was performed for soil profile density. The analysis was performed on administrative–zone units of the areas in the agricultural places (tillage, perennial planting, pastures, and hayfield), the distribution legislation of the land property forms were studied.

192-197

Authors: Achundova S.

The bioecological potential and resource potential of feed plants distributed on the pastures of the North-Eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus are studied. 440 Angiosperms species belonging to 171 genera and 27 families have been identified in the flora of the territory. The biological resources relatively wet and dry mass of some species were calculated in different years and were found the reserves of the Lotus corniculatus L., Dactylis glomerata L., Anthyllis lachnophora Juz. and Urtica dioica L. species respectively — 246.55 (59.2%); 198.0 (45.5%); 149.53 (32.9%); 135.4 (28.4%) centners on ha. For farmers advisable to use both dry and wet messes to enrich the diet of animals. So, the yield of each species in 2019 increased compared to 2017–2018 years. Indicators of feed value were also analyzed to assess the feed value of these species, common among the meadow vegetation types. The species Dactylis glomerata L. should be distinguished according to the highest dry weight and crude protein (18.0%), and Lotus corniculatus L. — by the feed unit (0.22). Cultivate the highest yielding fodder plants and studies the indicators of fodder quality are necessary for accelerating the development of animal husbandry and obtain high-quality animal products.

205-213

Authors: Epimakhov V., Sarukhanov V.

In order to prevent the development of pathological processes in the body of farm animals, the intravital determination of the content of heavy metals in organs and tissues is relevant. The state of the solution to this problem is considered. A description is given of various approaches that allow testing the content of heavy metals in animals, assessing and adjusting the environmental safety of livestock products.

223-231

Authors: Liu Z., Zhou Y., Golyanin A.

Recently, more and more scholars have devoted themselves to researching new methods of vibration reduction and noise reduction by manipulating the elastic waves in the structure to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction and noise reduction. To this end, a new type of ‘acoustic black hole’ structure is proposed, which reduces structural vibration while avoiding problems such as mass increase. In this paper, the vibration damping performance of the structure is mainly calculated by finite element software, and the energy concentration effect of the thin plate containing the acoustic black hole is verified by finite element analysis. A thin plate structure with four acoustic black holes is proposed. The calculation shows that the structure has an obvious vibration reduction effect, and the vibration reduction effect can reach more than 20dB at high frequency.

252-256

Authors: Aldasheva, N.

This article investigated and determined the specific surface area of artificial graphite for adsorption through a methylene blue solution. The study showed that the specific surface area of graphite adsorption obtained from coal from the Uzgen deposit in Kyrgyzstan for methylene blue is 599.4 m2/g and this is very close to the performance of activated carbons. The specific surface area of artificial graphite obtained from coal from the Uzgen deposit for adsorption activity was determined by titration of a suspension with a methylene blue indicator solution.

264-271

Authors: Zainutdinov Sh., Ashurov Z., Nurimbenov R.

In all countries of the world, the standard of living of the population remains the most acute economic problem. This paper discusses the issues and factors of improving the living standards of the population, it highlights the issues of demography, population growth, consumption growth, resource endowment, consumer baskets, consumer ability and purchasing power of the population, what is expected for a standard of living in the long term — for the millennium, the approaches to this issue of the UN and leading international organizations.

288-293

Authors: Shvaiba D.

Considering the role of the trade union movement in Belarus in the current specific historical conditions, their place in civil society of the future and the ability to exist in the long term, and in particular the conclusions that will be drawn from the results of the analysis directly depend on the personality of the researcher, to set a not simple task, its potential of knowledge and experience. That is why the presented arguments and conclusions do not claim to be absolutely true, but at the same time form the outline of the study, making this topic less vague for further research.

303-308

Authors: Matrizayeva D.

The main goal of the article is to analyze the successful optimization of the issue under consideration in accordance with the general goals of management through innovation. The study of the theory and practice of innovation management in industrial enterprises, as one of the main directions of increasing competitiveness in a market economy. The data presented in this article show the possibilities of ensuring sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan. Discusses modern skills and effective management in companies to ensure appropriate competencies in the national economy.

315-321

Authors: Kalmuratov B.

At present, there is no single state policy for the development of the building materials industry, including innovation. In this regard, it is necessary to form a strategic approach to the innovative building materials industry. The formation of a regional construction cluster will allow us to link the development of the industry in question with the priorities of state policy, as well as the interests of other participants in the construction complex and the scientific base.

332-369

Authors: Nemtsov A.

This article is a continuation, the second part of the publication Cultural and historical attitudes of students of humanitarian and technical specializations. It presents and analyzes the results obtained by the implementation of shortened and expanded versions of the questionnaire aimed at studying the perception of students of the period of existence, causes, and consequences of the collapse of the USSR. The basic ideas of students about the possibility of a similar negative scenario for modern Russia are also considered. The factors associated with the degree of stability of certain cultural and historical attitudes of students are analyzed. The main potential lines of confrontation are outlined, as well as possible areas of compromise. An attempt is made to correlate the obtained data with modern theoretical approaches to the studied problem.

381-387

Authors: Kurbatova V.

The article discusses the basic psychological characteristics of a person and character, characteristic of representatives of Jewish nationality, whose life and professional fate has developed in Russia. Preserving their national characteristics, they were forced to interact with a new culture and mentality, modifying some of their personality traits.

394-400

Authors: Shvets L.

This article describes the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the representatives of the Lezgin ethnic group. Moral–ethical foundations of interaction within the Lezgin ethnic group, gender norms in ethnic culture, features of parent-child relationships, and psychological characteristics of representatives of a given people were described. Also, based on cultural and ethnic features, assumptions were made regarding possible options for experiencing extreme situations.

405-410

Authors: Aliev I.

This article highlights current issues of the organization of distance learning and its role in the educational policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The role of this form of education as a factor in improving the quality of education in higher education is considered. One of the factors for improving the quality of education in the system of higher professional education is the widespread adoption of modern information technologies, including multimedia and virtual. Modern information technologies in combination with pedagogical technologies can significantly increase the effectiveness of the educational process; to achieve a solution to the main problem: the development of cognitive skills of students, critical and creative thinking, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate in the information space.

416-421

Authors: Azimbaeva R.

The purpose of this study is to consider the effectiveness of using interactive technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language at a higher educational institution. The principal result of our research is the analysis of the influence of using interactive techniques on acquiring communicative competence and personal development of students. The major conclusions estimate the significance of applying interactive technologies in learning process.

428-433

Authors: Isamukhamedova M., Tukhtabaeva Z.

It is widely known that enhancement of the system of teaching foreign languages can be achieved by introducing progressive teaching methods as well as using modern teaching and information–communication technologies thus enabling them to access the achievements of the world civilization and globally available information resources, ensuring international collaboration and communication. Nowadays, culture is playing an important role in foreign language teaching and learning, therefore, a lot of researches has been done in this field in recent years. It has been recognized that a language is used as the main medium through which culture is expressed. It is believed that students are aware of language rules but are not always capable enough to use the language sufficiently as they do not have a sound knowledge of the target culture. Nevertheless, “pure information” is insight; while the development of people’s cultural understanding leads them to better critical thinking. There are ample methodologies for developing learners’ intercultural competence. The present study also seeks the ways of developing a model of blended learning course on intercultural communication.

438-443

Authors: Parpieva N., Yakubova U., Mirkhodjaeva N.

Mathematics acts as the basic subject of higher education. Most students around the world, particularly in this study, in Uzbekistan, sometimes lack the motivation to be good at mathematical disciplines. The work presented in this article is aimed to promote the development of new teaching and learning methods by using modern digital technologies, in order to encourage studying mathematics.

453-459

Authors: Brattsev M., Shimichev A.

The article discusses the issue of achieving secondary school students’ personal learning outcomes using pedagogical technology of critical thinking development in foreign language classes. They are determined the advantages of this technology in comparison with traditional training. Analyze the requirements of normative documents in relation to the personal results of the educational process, they are summarized in three groups: self-determination, semantic formation, and moral and ethical orientation. The prerequisites and personal qualities of students necessary for the development of critical thinking are established. It is presented a three-stage model for the implementation of the critical thinking development technology in teaching foreign languages which includes the stages of challenge, comprehension, and reflection.

465-473

Authors: Yakovleva, E.

The article traces dynamics of the share of first-year students using an intra-extramural form of study at the Nizhnekamsk Chemical Technological Institute of Kazan National Research Technological University. The advantages and disadvantages of bachelor training in an intraan extramural form of study are considered. The author dwells on the extension of students’ age brackets which is common for our country in recent years. Defining characteristics of teaching adults are revealed. Possible directions of organizational and methodological improvement of intraan extramural form of study in terms of professional training of bachelors in a higher educational institution are featured. The main aims solved by a lecturer are defined. Special attention is paid to developing the methodology of conducting micro-seminars during laboratory classes in physics which contributes to the active independent cognitive activity of students. Attention is drawn to the need for effective supervision during the midterm assessment.

480-483

Authors: Petrov I.

Since its inception, sociology has focused on the analysis of cultural patterns, patterns of functioning and development of society, and the search for optimal solutions to various socio-cultural problems. The article deals with the interpretation of culture based on its value understanding. Today, the axiological approach continues to play an important role in the sociology of culture. This allows us to study the structure of social values, as well as the dominant value orientations of diverse social groups, not only in the sphere of culture but also in other areas of society. Based on these studies, practical recommendations can be developed on a wide range of cultural issues — from the moral education of young people to the optimization of the activities of certain socio-cultural institutions.

488-504

Authors: Glushchenko, V.

The subject of the article is the development of scientific theory, technological paradigms and research directions of its practical application, the object of study is technological way as a socio-economic and technological phenomenon, the aim of this work is to optimize the process of crisis management by accelerating the formation of the sixth technological structure in the economy to achieve this goal the following tasks: research the features and roles (entity) technological system in the real economy and social life; the scientific methods of the article are philosophy and methodology of science, functional and decomposition representation of complex systems, algebra of logic, search and normative forecasting, heuristic forecasting, expert methods, system approach, system analysis and synthesis, the scientific novelty of the work is associated with the development of the scientific theory of technological systems and the study of its practical use.

516-522

Authors: Grudeva E.

The article is based on the materials of a comprehensive study of the concepts summer and autumn from the point of view of their perception by representatives of Russian and English linguistic cultures. This paper shows the features of the paradigmatic relations of Russian and English concept summer. The study was built on the identification of synonymous (quasi-synonymous), antonymic, (hypo) hyperonymic, or genus-species relationships, as well as the incompatibility relations of this concept. The study is based on the materials of the explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian and English languages; illustrative material was taken from the National Corpus of the Russian language and the British National Corpus. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the paradigmatic explication of the content of the concept summer most clearly actualizes only one of the four previously identified cognitive features of the concept, namely the sign ‘time of year, season’.

527-531

Authors: Tursunova M.

This article compares three prominent villains — Macbeth, Brutus, and Iago in three famous tragedies: Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and Othello by William Shakespeare according to the terms of intelligence and devilry. These two main aspects are considered for the analysis to find the main similarities and differences and categorize their villainy on the basis of devilry.

536-541

Authors: Eltuzerova G.

The article is devoted to the actual problems of the modern Kyrgyz language. The main object of the research is the study of the semantics of symbolic gestures and the facial expressions of a literary text in the linguistic aspect. The semantics of symbolic gestures and facial expressions in the literary text in the transmission of information is analyzed on the basis of the example of an excerpt of the texts of the Broken Sword novel by T. Kasymbekov. The results of the study based on the interpretation of symbolic national facial expressions and gestures in the linguistic aspect.

562-569

Authors: Mukhamedova Sh.

The article considers the Holocaust reflection in world literature and popular authors as the best painters of the Holocaust repressions. Naturally, the Holocaust is a trauma which cannot ever be restored, a gap that cannot be bridged. Down to the present day, this remains an important topic for discussion. Despite the overwhelming persecution and death that surrounded the Jewish nation, hundreds of thousands of Jews survived the nightmare of the Holocaust. In order to integrate the past in their lives, survivors want to testify and/or write down their experiences. These stories of survival provide the only glimpse of ‘goodness’ that comes from the terrible story of the Holocaust. It proves that, even in history’s darkest hour, there was a glimmer of hope; that in a world that seemed to be falling apart, good still had the capacity to overcome evil. All stories written on the destiny and sufferings of the Jewish nation are worth analysis. However, we took only those which are in the form of confession. The chosen novels can be classified by the types of the central heroes and heroes have been divided into subgroups according to their age, nation, and, of course, the gender. The article aims to reaffirm the importance of the novels by using three literary approaches — historical, biographical, and social. The biographical approach is taken for the analysis to identify the link between the work and the authors, who build a story on the basis of their own memories and real-life experience. Furthermore, the socio-historical problems highlighted in the novels are very relevant, since they still exist in modern societies in one or another form. The article reflects how even one novel encompasses morality, dignity, humanity issues and at the same time reveals the author’s position related to the indifference of the world regarding cruelty and evading responsibility for anti-human crimes along with how to avoid them in the near future.

576-580

Authors: Gulyamova, O.

The article discusses some aspects of the methods for translating phraseological and metaphorical combinations and idioms from English into Russian and Uzbek. In particular, the question arises of the equivalent reproduction of the semantics of figurative phraseological units, the question of choice depending on the context conditions is the possibility of preference for the image existing in the language of translation due to the loss of a national–ethnic component, or, on the contrary, refusal to use phraseological units of the translated language due to differences in emotionally stylistic characteristic.

23-31

Authors: Kurennykh A., Sudakov V., Batkovsky A.

In this paper, the authors propose an effective and understandable method for substantiating and choosing the optimal corporate information system for an enterprise. The authors offer a number of essential criteria that ensure the completeness and sufficiency of information for making the optimal (rational) decision on the suitability of the corporate information system for the enterprise. Such criteria include the scale of the information system, its cost, functional characteristics, the ability to integrate with related systems, setup and development time, and ease of support at all stages of the life cycle. The estimation method is based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of decision theory. The mathematical approach to the assessment of information system options allows us to ensure the accuracy of estimates when it is possible to process both qualitative and quantitative judgments of experts, users, and the management team. In the software implementation of these methods, the authors focused on the use of web services that are convenient to use, easy to integrate, and do not impose restrictions on the applied and system software used by the expert in evaluating information systems. An important place in the software implementation is occupied by checking the quality and correctness of the source data – an error in the initial judgments of the evaluating person can lead to incorrect decisions, it is this fact that allows one to make optimal or close to optimal decisions.

39-43

Authors: Shaidurova G., Gatina E., Shevyakov Ya.

The results of studies on the possibility of using secondary carbon fiber extracted from the volume of spent polymer composite material by high-temperature pyrolysis for reinforcing chipboards are reflected. Studies were conducted on the physicomechanical characteristics of reinforced slabs, which showed a significant increase in performance. The results obtained make it possible to assess the possibility of the promising use of secondary fibers, which will provide a solution to the problem of completing the life cycle of polymer composite materials.

49-53

Authors: Kantsavaya I., Alekseenko O.

The work examines the impact of aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin) and cytokinin 6-BAP on the mitotic activity of cells meristematic tissue of the roots of the onion. Research methods: Allium-test, cytogenetic analysis, statistical analysis. Invariants of the experiment using 6-BAP at concentrations of 5.0 mg/l, tested with aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin in concentrations of 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l, and streptomycin in concentrations of 150.0 and 1000.0 mg/l) when microscopic drugs observed in apical meristem in 68.8–88.0% of the appendage roots of onions lack division. Their mitotic index was close to zero and most of the cells were in a profatestate condition. It was established that the tested concentrations of aminoglycoside antibiotics suppressed mitotic activity in the meristematic tissue of the appendages of the onion roots. Considerably, in 1.6–2.5 times MI reduced invariants of application of 6-BAP, gentamicin, streptomycin in concentrations of 1000.0 mg/l, amikacin, and gentamicin. Increased concentration of gentamicin from 50 mg/l to 100.0 mg/l, streptomycin from 150.0 mg/l to 1000.0 mg/l, kanamycin from 100.0 mg/l to 100.0 mg/l doesn’t have a significant negative effect on mitotic activity of meristem cells.

60-68

Authors: Novruzov V., Iskender E., Veliyeva L., Abbasov R., Rustamova F.

The article studied and analyzed the effects of wind, light, and temperature on the phanerophytes used in landscaping the Absheron Peninsula (Azerbaijan). When studying the interaction of light with the studied plants, it was found that 311 species are heliophytes, and 51 are sciophytes. The study showed that 298 species unstable to the wind and 64 wind resistant. In terms of heat resistance, the studied plants were divided into 3 groups: resistant to high (54–56 °C), moderate (52 °C), and low (48–50°C) temperature. The results of the study showed that these environmental factors are crucial and make a number of changes in the dynamics of plant development.

96-126

Authors: Bulgakova S., Romanchuk P., Treneva E.

The last four decades have been marked by a number of scientific discoveries. So, it became known that insulin, receptors for it are found in the structures of the brain. In addition, the role of this hormone in the activation of neuronal stem cells, growth, development of the neuronal network, synaptic transmission, cognitive functions, and so on has become known. Signal dysfunction and insulin metabolism contribute to the development of a number of degenerative diseases of the brain. More and more evidence suggests a relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease, which share many common pathophysiological characteristics. This review of the literature is devoted to the analysis of clinical and experimental data linking insulin, insulin resistance with degenerative processes in the brain, and the evaluation of pharmacological strategies aimed at the correction of insulin signaling pathways in the central nervous system and cognitive functions. Artificial intelligence, brain–microbiota neural networks allow us to control the interaction of genetic and epigenetic programs of aging and healthy longevity. The new managed healthy microbiota and personalized functional and balanced nutrition of ‘brain and microbiota’ is a long-term medical program of the patient, which allows the combined application of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacogenetics, and the main thing to carry out prevention of polypragmasia.

138-144

Authors: Babayev F., Karataev M.

The high incidence of chronic kidney disease worldwide is the most pressing medical and social problem due to progressive growth with the transition to chronic renal failure. Currently, in the general structure of chronic renal failure, up to 40% is due to terminal chronic renal failure requiring replacement renal therapy, particularly hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. At the same time, the general structure of dialysis therapy is sharply dominated by hemodialysis (93%). Therefore, the problem of health systems in various countries is the availability of specialized medical care in connection with the development of the latest high-tech scientific and innovative technologies, the increase in the age of patients, as well as the restriction of state financial resources. The Republican Clinical Urological Hospital named after Academician M. D. Javad-zade revealed in dynamics a significant increase in attendance in 2017 by 13.0%, 2018 by 9.9% and 2016 by 5.5%. The trend of increasing hospital hospitalizations was observed in 2017 and 2019 by 42.6% and 16.8%, respectively. Among the hospitalized renal disease in dynamics had a trend of increase, from 2016 to 2019 by 17.3%, 11.7%, and 34.7%, respectively. A sharp jump in the incidence of chronic inflammatory kidney diseases was observed in 2016 by 112.5%, bladder, and prostate diseases in 2017 by 23.9% and 2018 by 14.0%. The trend of increase of patients receiving dialysis was observed in 2016, 2017, and 2019 by 10.9%, 11.0%, and 3.3%, respectively. The increase in the availability of dialysis devices by year was noted by 15.4%, 10.0%, 6.0%, and 1.4%, respectively, the frequency of dialysis sessions in 2018 and 2019 by 8.1% and 0.6%. Prevention, early detection, as well as timely treatment of kidney and urinary tract diseases will reduce the number of neglected forms of diseases, delay the dialysis period of treatment of these patients and thus reduce not only the percentage of temporary disability and disability of the population but also the financial costs of treatment of patients in the future by means of replacement renal therapy.

150-155

Authors: Nurpulatova S., Kunnazarova Z.

The incidence rate among the population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan for the period 2017–2018 is presented. Patients who received treatment at the Department of Pulmonology and Allergology of the Republican Multidisciplinary Medical Center named after U. Halmuratov were examined. Studies have shown an increase in the number of patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis disease, interstitial lung disease, urticaria, allergic dermatitis, Quincke’s edema, lung cancer. In order to prevent allergic diseases, early prevention consists of an informative method — the installation of an allergic history in the family and relatives. If patients have a hereditary predisposition to allergic diseases, it is recommended to exclude in the last trimester products with a high allergenic effect (chocolate, nuts, citrus fruits, contact allergens), minimize drug intake, abandon bad habits, general hardening of the body, prevention of seasonal respiratory diseases.

161-169

Authors: Talybova J.

The feature of running the suffosion of sand grounds in the top five-meter soil-ground layer where drainage is constructed on the basis of existing normative documents and granulo¬metric composition of filter material was determined with reports. The actual and report contents of the filter differ sharply. Large particles (40% by weight) of more than 20 mm should be sorted out from the sand-gravel ground to be used for the construction of drainage.

177-185

Authors: Ganiyeva S.

The morphogenetic features of the soils of the Absheron administrative district of Azerbaijan were studied, the composition and properties of soils (humus, nitrogen, the number of absorbed bases) were taken as evaluation criteria. The main grading scale was compiled, heavy gray-brown soils (100 points) were approved as standard and in comparison, with them, the points of soil quality of other soils were calculated. To determine bonus points of soil types salinity and salt levels are distinguished, and points of soil quality were set.

194-197

Authors: Garadaghli L.

Soil animals are a very important biological factor in soil formation and the formation of high soil fertility. The soil is abundantly inhabited by numerous representatives of different groups of animals, for which it represents not only the habitat but also the result of their combined activity. Changes in soil invertebrate complexes are important indicators of industrial pollution. A study conducted on a natural genesis grey-brown soils under wormwood–ephemeral vegetation contaminated waste Aluminum Plant and Tube–rolling Mill of Sumgait. Our purpose is to carry out soil and zoological research (as well as samples taken for microbiological analyzes) and on basis collected material and subsequent detection of a theoretical analysis of the major dominant group's bioindicators. Soil and zoological studies will help the future identify invertebrates that are most resistant to pollution factors, which can also be used as bioindicators of technologically polluted soils.

208-214

Authors: Aslanov G., Salimova V., Yakubov R.

The Caspian coast of Azerbaijan is notable for its considerable diversity and complexity, it requires appropriate theoretical and practical work to make the most correct decisions ensuring the proper organization of rural recreational farms and industry of the territory. To successfully conduct agricultural production and increase the area of irrigated land used, along with the study of the land fund, the study of the region’s water resources is of great importance.

222-225

Authors: Jafarova A.

The Salyan plain is the smallest of the 5 plains of the Kur-Araz lowland. Salyan Plateau was formed in the recent past as a result of the withdrawal of the Caspian Sea. The Salyan plain borders on the Akkusha River in the west, the Caspian Sea in the east, the Kur River in the north, and Kyzylagach Bay in the south and covers an area of 149,000 ha. The article provides information about the relief of the Salyan plain, climate, soil, and vegetation.

236-240

Authors: Haydarova R.

The role of macro– and micronutrients for corn plants is great. They increase the intensity of photosynthesis, participate in biological processes. The work is devoted to the development of science-based methods for increasing the yield and quality of corn. Field experiments were conducted in the northwestern zone of Azerbaijan. Test sites were laid in 4-fold repetition, in 6 versions. Used: ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate, potassium sulfate, manure, compost of various waste products. All agricultural activities were carried out according to the developed technology. Before plowing, the entire rate of manure, phosphorus, and potassium was introduced, in early spring before tillage. As a result, it was revealed that with the introduction of 20 t/ha of compost — the yield of corn was 85.1 c/ha, i.e. an increase of 15.9 c/ha. It can be concluded that mineral fertilizers in combination with manure in the proportions chosen by the authors effectively affect not only the growth and development of plants, corn productivity also increases.

245-251

Authors: Batkovskiy M., Kravchuk P., Sudakov V., Trofimets V.

The article presents the results of the research, the relevance of which is determined by the urgent need to improve the management tools of enterprises of the radio-electronic industry at the present time. The subject of the study is this tool used in the conditions of incomplete initial data and uncertainty of the external environment of enterprises due to changes in their production and economic activities during the period of product diversification. Some models describing the analyzed process taking into account its specifics are considered, which allow obtaining probabilistic–time estimates of the development of enterprises in the studied conditions. For this purpose, we used methods that take into account the vibrational component in the analyzed time series, as well as expert methods. The application of the proposed algorithms in practice helps to optimize diversification measures, accelerate the innovative development of radio-electronic industry enterprises and increase their efficiency.

260-265

Authors: Smirnov V., Lipatov M.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise of the national economy. Based on the analysis of the competitive position developed and proposed measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the organization.

275-278

Authors: Abdullayev A., Gaffarov M.

The functioning of the transport system of the logistics center based on synergetic methods is investigating. The main provisions of synergetic useful for organizing the work of logistics centers are outlining. A model has been built to study the transportation process and the control parameter interval has been found to ensure the stable functioning of the transport network of the logistics center.

289-294

Authors: Balakina N., Balakin A.

An assessment of the socio-economic aspects of the negative impact of noise on the human body is given. The procedure for calculating the expected annual economic efficiency of implementing measures to reduce in-plant noise is considered. The dependence of the risk of hearing damage on the equivalent noise level and duration of the operation is given. The relationship between measures to reduce in-plant noise and economic losses of the enterprise is established.

299-303

Authors: Yusupova L., Nakonechnaya T., Shamanaeva O.

A study of the concept of corruption risks has been carried out. The definition of this concept and the legal regulation of corruption risk issues when the organization uses budget funds is given. The sequence of organizations' work in the direction of anti-corruption activities, which includes the stages of identifying corruption risks, is given; corruption risk management and anti-corruption strategy development.

308-313

Authors: Adylova E., Tashpolotov Y., Tokonova T.

This article provides a dynamic analysis of the volume of water accumulation in the Toktogul hydroelectric station, variance analysis of the electricity production of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as a dynamic analysis of electricity production. To analyze the trend of water accumulation, water volumes for twelve years were used. Using dynamic analysis, the deviation of the annual volume of water over 12 years is determined, and it deviates from the average annual level by 27.94%. The dynamic analysis method revealed that the production of electricity is unstable.

320-323

Authors: Imankulov T.

The author analyzes the reasons for the failed reforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic for the entire time of the sovereignty of the Kyrgyz Republic and suggests examining the issues of state–legal construction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the proposed classic by this topic in Russia, Professor Yu. E. Avrutin’s philosophical plan: in line with axiology, epistemology, and ontology. The author, based on a philosophical approach, concludes that at present the only normative document defining the main guidelines for reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs is the 2012 National Security Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic.

338-345

Authors: Sopubekova N.

The article describes the characteristics of the judicial system of Kyrgyzstan in XIX - early XX century, the attention to a special role in the proceedings of people’s courts, examines features of government approach to the reform of the judicial system of the Republic in the periods of the rule of the Kokand khanate and citizenship in the Russian Empire.

351-356

Authors: Ryspaeva G.

In the article, the author examines the state of the legal framework of the organization and activities in the field of digital transformation in Kyrgyzstan. According to the author, in order to create a favorable political and regulatory environment that promotes innovation, development of infrastructure and services, information and communication technologies in the digital economy, strengthening communication and cooperation with other sectors, taking into account the intersectoral nature of digital technologies, and requires timely improvement of legislative acts on a permanent and continuous basis. The author aims to investigate the impact of digital transformation on improving the regulatory framework, highlighting new advantages and threats associated with the use of digital technologies in legal practice.

363-403

Authors: Nemtsov A.

The article is devoted to the study of cultural and historical attitudes of students. The attitudes of students to the period of existence, causes, and consequences of the collapse of the USSR as the main topic being investigated. The study used two versions of the questionnaire developed for this purpose: an abbreviated one, containing 14 questions and expanded version based on it, containing 50 questions. The expanded version of the questionnaire in particular allowed to obtain data on students perception of the problem of the existence of the people as a cultural and historical phenomenon, the problem of the existence of sovereign countries, democracy, the possibility of creating a union world state and a number of others. The article presents the results concerning the connection between cultural and historical attitudes of students with their socio-demographic characteristics.

416-420

Authors: Kertaeva Z.

The article discusses the role of discourse in foreign language teaching by studying previous investigations in the field of discourse analysis and communicative approach–based language teaching. Moreover, it presents an analysis of some authentic examples of target language use to prove the role of discourse to prevent possible miscommunication.

426-430

Authors: Chelpakova S.

In recent years, the direction of the sport in the activities of Nonscholastic Organizations of Supplementary Education has become widespread. Characteristic is the fact that all of them without exception achieve good results

438-441

Authors: Sek N., Kakadiy I.

The socialization of the child in modern society. The main aspects affecting the formation of the personality of the younger generation are analyzed.

450-461

Authors: Ashimov I., Abdurakhmonov Sh.

The new concept of a systemically responsible increase in the level of an individual’s scientific and philosophical culture is based on the dynamic three-phase nature of the main elements of the triad of the scientific and cognitive component (popularization of science, the conceptualization of science, philosophization of science), which ultimately determines the context of the scientific and philosophical culture, and which is a generalized theoretical principle explaining the essence of the regular reflexive-recursive processuality and dialogic of formation and cyclic development scientific world outlook culture.

474-483

Authors: Adykulov A.

The article shows the role of instincts, archetypes, an unconscious attitude as the content of the unconscious sphere, and also identifies correlation and the relationship between them. The problem: to find ways of influencing culture on unconscious psychological determinants is also solved. Three levels of the unconscious have been distinguished, each level of which is inaccessible to consciousness and has its own nature of formation and affects the behavior and consciousness of the individual, where the relationship between these components of the unconscious plays a dominant role. From deep levels of the unconscious to awareness, the formation of the meaning and behavior of the individual, an unconscious psychological determinant (instincts, archetypes, unconscious attitudes), and the relationships between them play a major role.

491-497

Authors: Zhdanova A.

This article describes the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the representatives of the Azerbaijanian ethnic group. Moral–ethical foundations of interaction within the Azerbaijanian ethnic group, gender norms in ethnic culture, features of parent-child relationships, and psychological characteristics of representatives of a given people were described. Also, based on cultural and ethnic features, assumptions were made regarding possible options for experiencing extreme situations.

505-526

Authors: Sherkova T., Kuzina N.

The question of the appropriateness of the use of the term and category of Personality in relation to studies of the model of the world and the model of I in predynastic Egypt is considered. Points of view are given on the scope and application of the concept, both from the point of view of various schools of psychological science, and researchers belonging to a number of humanitarian areas of science who consider the concept of identity in the context of historical development and historical memory. At the same time, it is taken into account that a personality is traditionally defined in psychology as a self-regulating dynamic functional system of continuously interacting properties, relationships, and actions that take shape in the process of ontogenesis of a person. A person is considered as a phenomenon of social development, a specific living person with consciousness and self-awareness (capable of self-reflection). It is taken into account that in social sciences a person is considered as a special quality of a person acquired by him in a sociocultural environment in the process of joint activity and communication. The article considers the social role and hierarchy in predynastic Egypt, as well as funeral rituals in the context of individualizing practices or in the context of attributing it to a collective personality. Two of these arguments allow us to talk about the applicability of the concept of Personality to this historical period. The study suggests that in relation to the period under study, the level of formation of self-awareness Personality can be talked about in relation to social leaders (chief / regional kings). The study is based on the study of archaeological sites such as elite necropolis, a ritual center in Hierakonpolis, as well as artifacts originating from the tombs of an elite necropolis in Hierakonpolis, determining the development of a socially hierarchical society with an aristocratic clan to which the social leader (chief — regional king) belonged. The study of the formation of the category Personality notes the special role of finds of funerary masks, which most likely represent the first ancestors in the developing form of the cult of the ancestors. The leader in the period under study in the history of Egypt is a collective person and he also leaves for the ancestors, who are also the incarnations of a collective person. Thus, for the preliterate period, there is no way to talk about specific personalities (including named personalities). But already at the initial stages of the development of the Early kingdom, when writing occurs, we can talk about the naming of each of the kings, since the name reflects the personality (its qualities that contain the names themselves). Nevertheless, the name of each king was also accompanied by the name of the ancestor — the deified legendary king Horus in Hierokonpolis, and later — in the royal title, his name as a name of the god was added to the names of the ruling pharaohs until the end of the era of ancient Egypt. The work, therefore, is debatable, since in psychological science the emergence of self-consciousness and personality as an entity is usually referred to as the New Time. The question of the possibility of using modern psychological concepts (Personality), to a person of antiquity, in particular to representatives of preliterate culture, is investigated. The image of a person for an individual of a given era was reconstructed through the prism of the reflection of a person of a given period over the limitations of social stratification, ritual, and death. Specific personality traits are described as an individual who performs various social roles and is buried according to his merit, both in terms of personal ethics and in the hierarchy of society.

532-544

Authors: Ashimov I., Abdurakhmonov Sh.

To trace the parallelism between the main paradigms of the formation of the scientific-cognitive strategy and scientific–world–viewed culture. The traditional model of cognition does not meet modern requirements, and therefore, within the framework of the Post-nonclassical Science Strategy, there is a need for a radical restructuring of the cognitive strategy and its transition to a completely different level of methodology. The triad system A, B, C is a more spectacular scientific-cognitive system, the feature of which is the effective replenishment of knowledge of different levels and values (triad A, B, C), as a necessary condition for increasing scientific–world–viewed culture level. Each of them (triad A, B, C) does not cease to be an element of the initial integrity of the cognitive process. The regularity of the relationship of the triad A, B, C is important prerequisites for the progressive, consistent formation and development of scientific–world–viewed culture. As a result of the introduction of the concept, the technology of cognitive activity is changing at the social and individual levels. Thanks to the Idea, the provisions of the state, public and individual policies regarding the triad A, B, C, and, in general, the problem of the formation of scientific–world–viewed culture are changing to one degree or another.

550-554

Authors: Atajanova S.

The article is devoted to the history of the missionary influence of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church in the late XIX — early XX centuries in Central Asia. Based on scientific materials, the author characterizes the tasks, methods, organization features, and the results of the missionary work of the Russian Orthodox Church in Central Asia.

561-566

Authors: Begalieva M.

The article analyses information in the press periodicals about geographical location, climate, irrigation potential, agricultural production, agricultural trade, activities of primary industrial enterprises of Surkhan oasis in the period of the Russian Empire.

571-584

Authors: Muratova E., Pulatova D.

Nowadays the genre eclecticism is so widespread that it is sometimes impossible to identify to which genre a work belongs. This situation, in turn, is reflected in the blurring of the frontiers between Highbrow and Lowbrow literature. Moreover, there are novels that contain some elements of Pulp fiction, and yet they do not belong to this type of literature. This situation is particularly topical with the works that open a series of sequels exploring the same theme or featuring the same protagonist, like the novel under our investigation. This research has proved that this novel contains artistic merit and cannot be referred to as Pop culture product, repeating the same stamp. Furthermore, we traced how the author’s concept of the archetypal notions of Angels and Demons was reflected in the novel. Thus, these results have been reached by implementing a biographical approach in considering the writer’s literary career; historical approach in analyzing inaccuracies in depiction of the historical events; and mythological in tracing the reflection of the novelist’s archetypal concept. The benefits of this study include changing attitudes to the literary heritage of the author and drawing more attention from scholars to the given novel.

591-598

Authors: Akynbekova A.

The issue of the existence of Kyrgyz literature and literary language prior to the Soviet period has not yet been resolved and still remains an open topic for discussion. There is no nation without a writing system, history; the past and experience of folk are presented to the next generation through the written system. This paper provides information about the formation stages of Kyrgyz literature and literary language, written works, documents, and letters are written in one of the Turkic languages — Kyrgyz in the pre-Soviet period, especially in the XVIII-XIX centuries. Also, in this paper, there is an assessment of ideas, criticism, and opinions of Kyrgyz culture researches about Kyrgyz written system such as A. Kanymetov, S. S. Danyarov, philologists turkologists: I. A. Batmanov, K. K. Yudakhin, S. E. Malov, V. M. Ploskikh, E. Tenishev, A. Nallo, B. M. Yunusaliev, S. K. Kudaibergenov, and Kh. K. Karasaev. In this study, we attempted to determine the creation dates of some written works found today. The found documents and manuscripts, relating to the middle of the XIX century, create more opportunities for linguistics’ study, for ideas and suggestions on the status of the Kyrgyz language as being Turkic of almost sesquicentennial prescription. We tried to provide the most information on the topics of study and collection of works, characterized as the most significant documents of Moldo Niyaz — one of the first representatives of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ (reading and chronicling improvising poets). The fact that the turkologists linguists did not carry out the necessary works and did not present documentary evidence of the Kyrgyz written language results in the opinion of the non-existence of Kyrgyz's written language, thus literary language. However, to the present day, the activities of a collection of the original manuscript’s copies of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ important representatives among the public, a compilation of manuscripts, and their linguistic studies are still ignored. This kind of work will be a valuable and useful resource for large text research in the field of hermeneutics.

604-609

Authors: Koshueva M.

The article is devoted to the manuscript of Kasym Tynystanov dictionaries, as the founder of Kyrgyz lexicography, which dates back to 1937 and his contribution to the history of the literary language. The necessity of scientific research of K. Tynystanov dictionaries (relating to various branches of science) stored in archives is noted. The study of the lexical richness of the Kyrgyz language is important in determining its place among the Turkic languages. Manuscripts are also a reflection of the economic and cultural development of the country in the historical period.

615-621

Authors: Alymbaeva Z., Baizakova N.

This research has the aim to determine the nature of stylistic means in texts of outstanding poet A. Osmonov gives a scientific explanation of the features and essence, value, place, and role of language tools with stylistic coloring.

628-633

Authors: Amanalieva G.

The stages of the drafting of the dictionary: treatment of information generators for a dictionary; preparation of initial card index; preparation of the project of the dictionary (instructions for compilers); writing and editing of dictionary; set, make-up and edition of the book; bringing of additions, correction of errors with the purpose of preparation of next editions are described in the article. A dictionary is presented as a many planned independent system with numerous intercommunications, micro– and by macrolevels.

20-41

Authors: Mammadova Sh.

In connection with the development of urbanization, the protection of cities and the environment, issues of restoring the ecological balance become an urgent issue. The scale and intensity of product development in Azerbaijan enhance the anthropogenic impact on the nature of the regions. Such an effect is manifested in the pollution of soils with industrial, household waste, chemical fertilizers, the burning of hydrocarbons, the emission of harmful substances in the water and vehicles into the environment. Like in the whole world and in Azerbaijan, such negative processes are no exception. In this regard, the environmental problems of cities and urban agglomerations around the world are in the focus of attention of specialists and scientists. The presented article considers environmental and geographic problems that arose as a result of air emissions in 8 cities of Azerbaijan. The historical properties of studying atmospheric pollution in cities are analyzed, ecogeographic methods for studying atmospheric pollution of cities are identified, environmental pollutants of large cities and the ecogeographic properties of their influence are considered. The ecological properties of the geographical condition, meteorological climatic conditions in air pollution, aerospace research in the study of atmospheric pollution in large cities and the effect of pollution on the health of the population of large cities are studied. The transport system of cities, their geography, and the effect of emissions of harmful, poisonous substances into the atmosphere by vehicles on public health were also noted. Based on the methods for predicting atmospheric air pollution in large cities and the non-linear regression technique, a mathematical model of ecogeographic forecasting of air pollution is applied. Comprehensive indicators and the level of air pollution in unfavorable conditions for urban agglomerations are determined.

47-54

Authors: Petrenko E.

The article discusses the main provisions of the book, in which its author described the development of man with certain differences from the ideas existing in universities on this problem, which arose as a result of his many years of research, analysis of his own, and literary data. Human development at different stages, before and after birth, the author studied on the basis of taking into account the close relationship of all parts of the body of the individual, all his organs, such important features of his development as uneven growth rates and directions of organs and asynchronous during ontogenesis development of different emerging organ systems. The greatest novelty of such a representation in the book under discussion concerns the digestive, venous, and lymphatic systems, the development of which the author has investigated to the greatest extent, although he has conducted other studies.

60-66

Authors: Shidakov Yu., Sharova E., Abdumalikova I., Mashanlo T., Abdulbakiev A.

The nature of nutrition modifies the metabolism of substances and ensures either normal functioning or contributes to metabolic disorders and the development of pathologies. A study was made of the effect of different feeding diets (lipid, carbohydrate, and protein) on the blood biochemical profile of adult sexually mature rats. The work was performed on 28 white laboratory male rats weighing 180–250 g, which were 4 groups: the first (1) group (n=7) was fed exclusively with lipids (fat tail fat), the second (2, n=7) — carbohydrates (sugar), the third (3, n=7) — proteins, and the fourth (4, n=7) — standard food. The levels of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin were determined by the colorimetric method. It was revealed that when taking lipid food in the blood, levels of cholesterol, glucose, total protein, and albumin increased; when consuming carbohydrate feed — the content of glucose and lipids; when consuming a protein diet — total protein, albumin, and lipids. The concentration of cholesterol increased with the use of all types of diet, especially significantly with lipids. Thus, glucose concentration increased with carbohydrate and lipid diets; total protein — with protein; glucose equally — with lipid and carbohydrate. The highest concentration of albumin is observed with a lipid diet, the lowest — with a carbohydrate.

111-117

Authors: Abdurakhmanov Sh., Chyngysheva Zh., Musaliev B., Tilekov E.

Conducting parallel clinical and experimental control on the basis of controlled clinical trials was necessitated by, on the whole, a more thorough assessment of the effectiveness of intraoperative blood reinfusion hardware with the establishment of the possibility of ‘transfer’ of experimental data on modeling cavity blood loss to a clinical platform. Objective: a comparative description of the results of the following studies performed in the context of controlled clinical trials: 1) experimental control — a study of blood collected from the pleural and abdominal cavities before and after intraoperative blood reinfusion hardware under simulation conditions in animal injuries of the abdomen and chest with the formation, respectively, of hemothorax and hemoperitoneum; 2) clinical control — a study of blood collected from the abdominal and thoracic cavities before and after intraoperative blood reinfusion hardware in patients with injuries and injuries of the chest and abdomen with the corresponding formation of hemothorax and hemoperitoneum.

122-131

Authors: Tilekov E., Ibraimova D., Bolbachan O., Sadamkulova K.

The epidemiological situation for cancer remains unfavorable worldwide due to a steady growth trend. According to the International Agency for Cancer Research, by 2030, the number of new annually detected malignant neoplasms will reach 26.4 million per year and the number of deaths — 17 million. The reasons for this are complex, reflecting both aging and population growth and changes in the prevalence and distribution of major cancer risk factors, some of which are linked to socio-economic development. In the Kyrgyz Republic, mortality from malignant neoplasms is in the second and fourth place, as a cause of disability of the population. The reduction of mortality from malignant neoplasms can be achieved as a result of the implementation of a comprehensive science-based targeted program, which includes strengthening the role of the primary health care unit, activating the work of observation rooms and restoring prevention departments at the primary level, improving the skills of oncological health workers, developing early diagnosis methods, new approaches to the treatment of malignant neoplasms, improving the cancer register of patients and conducting a mass screening of the population. Qualitative organization of the system of observation rooms, supported by the current cytological service, continuous monitoring of specialized oncological care in order to identify weaknesses, gaps in the routing of oncological patients, correction of early detection measures, the possibility of rational use of resources contributes to solving problems of early detection of malignant neoplasms. Restoration of preventive examinations, as well as the improved organization of advanced training of doctors of the general medical network on oncology, holding thematic seminars for therapists, surgeons on the diagnosis of malignant tumors, detection of early stages, as well as the introduction of telemedicine technologies in primary oncological offices, will improve the quality and availability of medical care for patients with malignant neoplasms.

137-142

Authors: Bairamov L.

Zones for the distribution of varieties and forms of quince cultivated on the territory of the Shahbaz district of the autonomous republic are defined, their names and synonyms and their type-specific affiliation are specified. Conducted phenological observations on the identified varieties and forms, selected varieties, and forms of promising varieties and forms in habitat areas and in the Botanical Gardens. Pomological descriptions of the first-discovered forms of Badamli Zavod-1, Bichenek-2, and Güney Gyshlag-2 are given. It also determined the yield of newly identified varieties and forms, and they are proposed for planting farms and subsidiary farms.

151-157

Authors: Allahverdiev E.

The problems of impact of organic and mineral fertilizers on gathering of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the lucerne surface mass in coating planting of the grey–meadow soils which are weakly provided with the nutrient under the condition of Karabakh region were commented. Provision of plants with the main nutrient during the vegetation, productivity, crop quality depends on the supply of the nutrient which is easily assimilated. In order to get high yields from agricultural plants, the organic and mineral fertilizers must be applied to a norm which was fixed on the basis of soil cartograms, the cultivation agrotechnical must be correctly fulfilled every year. The good food regime for the lucerne depends on the optimization of fertilizer norms in different irrigation. The highest quantity of total NPK was observed in the first mowing, but it reduced in the next mowing. Nitrogen and potassium are high in each of the mowings, but phosphorus is little on the surface mass. This is due to an increase in the nutrient quantity of lucerne and soil fertility. This positively influences on nutrient regulation on the surface mass over the mowings in lucerne plant.

166-169

Authors: Botirova H.

This article describes the material and technical condition of agrarian reforms in Uzbekistan and the use of the experience of developed countries in the agrarian sector in the reforms as well as the historical basis of modern methods of training specialists in the agricultural sector.

182-192

Authors: Abdullaev A., Kurpayanidi K., Teshabaev A., Solieva D.

The need for a competitive enterprise to meet the requirements of a market economy requires it to constantly improve both technologically and organizationally. The basis of organizational innovation is the study of management systems of organizations — activities aimed at developing and improving management in accordance with constantly changing external and internal conditions. Improving the management of modern dynamically developing enterprises, as socio-technical systems, requires the study of their properties, which is associated with solving the problem of performing research at a high scientific and methodological level. The article is devoted to the essence, principles, methods, and problems of conducting these studies.

203-211

Authors: Davletov I., Mamanazarov O.

The article gives the essence of reforming the sphere of housing and communal services and legal documents in Uzbekistan, as well as suggestions and recommendations on some issues related to the management, maintenance, and modernization of multi-apartment housing.

219-225

Authors: Amanalieva M.

The process of economic development of the regions of Kyrgyzstan with the help of digitalization is considered. It also analyzes the trend of the development of digital technology and its impact on the national strategy. Normalization of the digital economy and its development is considered as the main tool in the Kyrgyz Republic. For the development of the economy of Kyrgyzstan, the main problems and the development of digital technologies are considered. In the framework of the program, Taza Koom adopted in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2017, to ensure national security, as well as the development of the country, technologies affecting them, were considered. For the development of the digital economy, digital technologies, and major markets are considered as the main priority. Segments for the development of agriculture in Kyrgyzstan with the help of digital technologies are proposed. And also (factors) the use of digital technologies in agriculture, its role in the regions, goals, and advantages are reflected in this article. The paper discusses the use of digitalization processes of the economy at the regional level. The analysis of global trends in the development of digital technologies in the agricultural sector and their impact on regional development strategies is carried out. The features of the formation of the digital economy in the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic are determined. The problems and promising areas of testing digital technologies in the development of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic are identified. The possibilities of transforming the economy of the regions in the context of digitalization are considered. The analysis of existing approaches to the formation of regional digital development programs and the practice of their application is carried out. A number of methodological problems were identified and the author’s vision of the process of formation of digital transformation programs for the region was proposed. The main directions of agricultural development in the regions are formulated taking into account digitalization.

230-234

Authors: Rotenberg S., Smirnov V.

The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of developing a strategy for developing small businesses in social networks. Based on the analysis, measures aimed at developing a strategy for promoting small business in social networks were developed and proposed.

241-248

Authors: Amanaliev U.

The author, in this article, gives the concept of the electoral system and examines the electoral system of the Kyrgyz Republic. He considered the issues of choosing deputies of the Supreme Council (Zhogorku Kenesh). Also, to solve problematic issues, the author conducted a comparative analysis of the electoral system of neighboring and distant foreign countries. Also, the author in this article noted the irresponsibility of the people’s representatives. Firstly, the deputy was included in the list subject to agreement with the election program of a political party. Secondly, the exclusion of a representative with a mandate from the party and leaving him in parliament is tantamount to unjustified voters’ confidence. In this case, the party or people’s representative, expelled from the party, but still working in parliament, first of all, remains to protect their own interests, not the people. As a result, it can be argued that the people’s representative, who has a deputy mandate, has no responsibility to voters in parliament. In the proposed system, the author will develop advanced legal thought in achieving the principles of equality, justice, and the search for effective power. This system combines the advantages of a proportional and majority system, eliminates, as far as possible, their individual disadvantages. In preferential elections, citizens are given the opportunity to vote as in a majoritarian election, but the votes of the losers and winners will be counted and put into a common party piggy bank. If we carry out the reform of the proposed electoral system, then the road opens to the parliament for well-known and honest people who have merit to the people and the country, a good reputation, business training and have their own citizenship.

253-257

Authors: Tanskaya V., Savvateeva V.

The article is devoted to the problems of the ideological impact of the law on social processes. The law should have an educational impact on society, this should be a priority for the development of legislation.

263-267

Authors: Popova S., Chernov Yu.

The study of the constitutional and legal basis of the status of migrants will allow us to determine and summarize the rights and obligations of these persons, which significantly affect the formation of legal social order. This article discusses the constitutional, legal, and administrative basis of the status of migrants, regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Considering the issue of the current state of the migration legislation of the Russian Federation, the theoretical aspect of migration as the mobilization of people to change their permanent residence is highlighted. The causes of this phenomenon and the classification of categories of migrants are determined. The definitions of external and internal migrants are differentiated, on the basis of which the constitutional norms of foreign persons who entered the territory of the Russian Federation are further studied. According to Federal laws, the basic rights and obligations of immigrants who entered the Russian Federation for different definitions of reasons and circumstances are distinguished. The article considers the administrative and legal basis of the status of migrants in the context of a violation of the rule of law according to the norms of the Code of administrative violations. The Institute of citizenship is singled out as a status that directly affects the scope of individual rights and freedoms, which allows it to be singled out as a special status of a migrant. In conclusion, the above topic is summarized.

273-279

Authors: Korovkina N., Аdigamova O.

The article considers the role of mass media in the social construction of the civil identity of Russians on the example of a multiethnic region. Comparative data of standardized interviews of the local population of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2012–2013 and 2019 are presented. The results are given depending on the age of the respondents. The special importance of the Internet, which is the main source of information for younger respondents, is substantiated.

293-296

Authors: Wahedi N.

The article aims to provide a thorough insight into the teaching context of heterogeneous classes in line with identifying their most distinctive features, certain elements that form differences that most often EFL teachers note challenging. Based on needs evaluation it is possible to create a successful learning environment where efficient lesson plan assisted by credible techniques will be united around a single concept of a competent teacher ready to espouse the students who need support.

302-309

Authors: Muzulmanov M., Mamatova A., Raimberdieva Z.

In the literature of the postwar years, Zh. Mavlyanov became a writer who turned to the image of a teacher. Studying the image of a teacher from all sides, he managed to describe his many-sided activity, his place in human society, his struggle, victories, and defeats. Themes of war and education make up the plot-compositional structure of the novel and describe the events developed around these themes. In the novel ‘Clear Sky’ skillfully and specifically revealed the image of a simple rural teacher Sapar, who, despite the hard life during the war, worked for the prosperity of the life of the people, fought for a happy future, worked with a clear conscience. Sapar was distinguished by diligence, simplicity, kindness, he worked with all his heart to contribute to education. The article analyzes the image of the teacher, problems of upbringing and school life, offers methodological recommendations for the extracurricular study of the novel ‘Clear Sky’ by Zh. Mavlyanov in 11th grade using new learning technologies.

315-320

Authors: Hidirov H.

Based on historical sources, the article provides information on the emergence of railway transport in Uzbekistan, the construction of the Kagan–Termez narrow-gauge railway, and economic and political interests in the implementation of road construction.

325-328

Authors: Tursunov A.

The article provides information on the urbanization processes in Uzbekistan, the effectiveness of the reforms, ways to solve problems, and problems in providing services to the urban population, as well as an analysis of historical foundations.

334-340

Authors: Akynbekova A.

Moldo Niyaz is a person who has a unique place in the Kyrgyz language, literature, history, and culture. He is the ancestor of the development of the form of written literary language in the nineteenth century. His work Sanat Digarasttar is of great importance as one of the priceless documents that make it possible to reflect on the state of the language, almost in the previous century and a half and on the written monuments of the Kyrgyz language for linguistic science in the middle of the XIX century. Artistic and aesthetic value, dignity, all the beauty of Sanat songs left by the author are reflected in the language features. Therefore, in order to learn the written technologies of the ancient Kyrgyz peoples, it is necessary to study the language features of the works of Moldo Niyaz from different sides. Based on this direction, the article makes a comparative analysis of the grammatical local language features of the language in the work of an with the modern Kyrgyz literary language. Scientific works of researchers in this direction, devoted to dialects, such turkologists as K. K. Yudakhin, B. M. Yunusaliev, I. A. Batmanov, T. K. Akhmatov, Zh. Mukambaev, G. Bakinova, E. Abduldaev, K. Beknazarov, Sh. Zhaparov, K. Kyrbashev, A. Biyaliev, Zh. Zhumaliev, T. Sydykov were the scientific and theoretical foundations of our work. Thus, the study and definition of such issues as the emergence of the Kyrgyz literary language, history, development of the language — this is today also one of the main problems. When solving these problems, the issue of research of the works by writing akyn’s before the October revolution can become the main linguistic base. From this point of view, it is necessary to study from different sides the works by a Moldo Niyaz, the written language of regional use, especially the XIX-XX centuries before the formation of the Kyrgyz people as a nationality.

347-355

Authors: Boboeva S.

It is illuminated the historical toponyms, their origin, location, and significance in the Termez and Iron Gate trade routes which is located in the territory of the Surkhandarya region, the Republic of Uzbekistan in this article.

362-368

Authors: Sharipova E., Kedeybaeva Zh., Kurbanbaev K.

In our study, we want to emphasize that each particular state and people due to many reasons and conditions, one of which is the geographical location, is forced to solve its own number of tasks related to ensuring both national and spiritual security. Significant differences between peoples and states in their economic, technological and military power in the population leads to the fact that somehow some nations and states in the historical arena as a force able and willing to impose their will, culture and language of other peoples and States, and others, respectively, as a party, which must in one way or another to perceive the influence and pressure coming from the strong and the many States and peoples. In this case, we are talking about economic and military pressure. However, no less it can relate to cultural and spiritual influence, pressure.

23-35

Authors: Sekova V., Bobrova E., Isakova E., Deryabina Yu.

Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most widespread reactive oxygen species, which can diffuse through cell membranes, causing changes in the redox status of cells and the development of oxidative stress. The results show that the effects caused by hydrogen peroxide are dose-dependent and can lead to both damage to cells and an increase in their resistance to oxidative stress. In this study, we assayed the effect of various concentrations of H2O2 on the redox status of the Yarrowia lipolytica yeast during long-lasting cultivation. The oxidant application to the cells in the logarithmic growth stage was shown to delay the impact on the ROS level in the late stationary growth stage. In this case, the dependence of the injected concentration on the redox status is not linear, which suggests triggering different signaling mechanisms by various concentrations of the oxidant.

46-53

Authors: Guliyeva N.

The presented article describes the climatic conditions of the Ganja-Gazakh zone, a brief description of the areas of formation of the main soil types, in particular mountain gray-brown, dark mountain gray-brown, gypsum clay mountain gray-brown, gray-brown, dark gray-brown, ordinary gray-brown, light gray-brown, meadow gray-brown soils.

61-67

Authors: Aliyeva G.

The article presents materials on the effect of tourism on the nature of Mountain Shirvan. The development of ecotourism in this region will serve to develop the organization of excursions and increase the ecological culture of the local population. The results of SWOT analysis on the territory of the Pirgulu and Ismailli Nature Reserves are considered. The purpose of the research is to organize the protection of mountain forests, biodiversity, aquatic ecosystems, soil cover.

73-78

Authors: Erkinbaeva N., Tashpolotov Y., Ysmanov E.

This article investigates the chemical composition of industrial waste (dump slag and flotation tailings). This study, in contrast to previous studies, was carried out by chemical, atomic emission, X-ray fluorescence methods. Valuable rare earth chemical elements (ytterbium, yttrium, lanthanum, scandium), valuable chemical elements (antimony, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, niobium, indium, germanium, gallium, tantalum, molybdenum, strontium, beryllium, zirconium, cobalt) and others have been determined. The oxides of elements (SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, S, FeO) have been investigated. Toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, tin, lead). These studies were carried out with the aim of using man-made waste in various sectors of the national economy for the disposal of man-made waste and to improve the environmental situation in the region and reduce material costs for the production of new products.

87-99

Authors: Mammadova Sh.

The introduction of various fertilizer rates led to a change in the amount of nutrients in the irrigated gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula. The amount of nitrates and ammonia absorbed in soils under legumes increased with increasing fertilization rates. In the course of the experiment, the maximum amount of available phosphorus in the control compared with the soils under legumes was recorded at the early stages of their development. In connection with the formation of vegetative and generative organs of plants during the growing season, the use of mobile phosphorus from the soil by plants increased. The minimum amount of mobile phosphorus in the soil was observed when legumes were fully ripe. A similar process was observed in the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

105-110

Authors: Rasulov A.

The conducted research has established the most optimal option for fertilizing table variety grapes Taifi Pink. Thus, when applying N90P220K90 + 10 t/ha of poultry manure, the quality of grapes most suitable for storage and transportation was observed.

117-123

Authors: Mamedova S.

In poultry farms has been investigated each season to identify oocysts Eimeria in Absheron. During research was detected infection with Eimeria among poultry in the farms. As a result, Eimeria is widespread in poultry farms. In poultry farms studied were detected high extensivity infection with meiosis in fall and 54.6% of infections were detected. During coprological examinations for the season mentioned above infection with invasion, diseases were 22.6% in winter, 51.7%, and 5.1% in spring and summer. In another poultry farm studied for the season were detected high extensivity infection with meiosis in the fall and 51.0% of infections with meiosis were detected. During coprological examinations for the season mentioned above low infection with invasion diseases was detected in summer and during research was determined infection with meiosis 8.8% in this season, 47.8% in spring, and 16.6% in winter. Research shows that environmental factors have a strong impact on oocyst living in the environment, to maintain invasive properties.

155-175

Authors: Pyatin V., Kolsanov A., Romanchuk N., Romanov D., Davydkin I., Volobuev A., Sirotko I., Bulgakova S.

The “cognitive reserve” construct is a set of variables, including intelligence, education, and mental stimulation, that presumably allows the brain to adapt to underlying pathologies, supporting cognitive function despite underlying neural changes. Brain Homo Sapiens also points to resistance to neuropathological damage and can be defined as the ability to optimize or maximize performance through an effective set of neural networks and/or alternative cognitive strategies. Learning in childhood, the level of education and activities for adults — all this independently contributes to the formation of a cognitive reserve. The introduction of biocomputer nanoplatforms and modules consisting of small molecules, polymers, nucleic acids or proteins/peptides, nanoplatforms are programmed to detect and process external stimuli, such as magnetic fields or light, or internal stimuli, such as nucleic acids, enzymes or pH, using three different mechanisms: system assembly, system disassembly or system transformation. Current biocomputer nanoplatforms are invaluable for many applications, including medical diagnostics, biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and delivery of therapeutic drugs to target cell populations. The future implementation of systems biology and systems neurophysiology paradigms based on complex analysis of large and deep heterogeneous data sources will be crucial to achieve a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, using current brain-computer and artificial intelligence interface technologies, in order to increase information that can be extracted from preclinical and clinical indicators. Integration of different sources of information will allow researchers to obtain a new holistic picture of the pathophysiological process of the disease, which will cover from molecular changes to cognitive manifestations. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. Medical and social support for active healthy longevity is possible when synchronizing information systems of medical organizations and social institutions, introducing a single neurophysiological circuit and modern neurointerfaces, a combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders. A key factor in medical and social support is the participation of interdisciplinary business employees and data processing specialists (their support, monitoring), as well as the availability of sufficient staff literacy in data management.

191-210

Authors: Ashimov Zh., Dinlosan O., Aitiev U.

The article analyzes a review of the literature of foreign authors and authors of the CIS countries on immunological reactivity in the postoperative period in patients after auto- and alloplastic methods of hernioplasty.

218-224

Authors: Chechetova S., Khalupko E., Kadyrova R., Dzholbunova Z., Mambetova A.

The paper presents the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of parvovirus infection (B-19) in Kyrgyzstan at the present stage. The main epidemiological factors identified in the process of collecting anamnesis are considered. The most typical clinical manifestations for this infection were also identified.

229-234

Authors: Saatova G., Mikhailova V.

According to the results of an examination of 475 children with acute pneumonia at the age of 1 month to 16 years hospitalized in the department of acute respiratory pathology and intensive care, complications and critical conditions were studied. The lethal outcome in hospitalized patients was observed in 14.83% of children with severe and moderate pneumonia.

241-247

Authors: Saatova G., Mikhailova V., Kabaeva D.

A comprehensive examination of 150 children of the first year of life with pneumonia was carried out. The rank significance of risk factors for ante-, intra-, postnatal development, contributing to the formation of a complicated course of pneumonia, anamnesis of the disease, features of the clinical course of pneumonia in children of the first year of life were studied.

256-260

Authors: Bekmuratova B.

This article is devoted to obtaining a water-coal suspension with new technological properties. The development of the scientific and technical progress, the growth of the population and the improvement of its welfare led to the sudden increment of energy consumption, as a result, is the depletion of hydrocarbon raw materials. Therefore, by many foreign specialists, the beginning of XXI century is evaluated as the transition period in the development of the world power system. Accordingly, the tasks of power saving and ecological safety at work of power systems are urgent. The article describes the technology of obtaining a water-emulsion suspension with the help of the Uzgen coal basin of the Karadobo deposit in the Osh region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Briefly, it is relatively classified as a specific liquid-phase composite material with broad functional and technological capabilities.

268-273

Authors: Mamyshov A.

This article is devoted to the production of activated carbon from vegetable raw materials. Due to the environmental stress, the problem of obtaining and searching for new sorbents, as well as the development of new sorption technologies, is urgent. Of particular interest are many tonnage production, such as, for example, timber processing and chemical industries. The latter is due to two reasons. On the one hand, the technologies of these industries are burdened with significant waste. On the other — wood and its components, natural compounds are the raw material for sorbents, and a unique sorbent is activated charcoal.

281-285

Authors: Erlygina E., Vasilyeva A.

This article discusses the advantages of digital transformation of agriculture. The main tasks and expected results of digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex are considered. The main stages of the Digital Agriculture project are analyzed.

292-296

Authors: Faizullaev J.

The article examines the main directions of managing the efficiency of economic growth of building materials enterprises in the context of diversification and increasing its export potential in the building materials industry.

306-312

Authors: Jiemuratov T., Baijanov S.

The article describes the importance of diversifying in agriculture production. The main directions of diversification of production have been identified due to the production capacity of each region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The directions of diversification of agricultural production in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are determined on the basis of the production potential of the regions. A statistical analysis of the production of basic agricultural products has been carried out. We can see from the analyzes that the production of vegetables, melons, and dairy products corresponds to the level of consumer demand in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. However, the needs of the population in fruits, berries, eggs, grapes, fish, honey, and potatoes remain unsatisfactory. The degree of diversification in agriculture production is very low. Analyzing the composition of arable land in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, 75% of the total arable land is allocated for cotton and grain crops. Despite significant growth in the vegetable, melon, and livestock sectors in the country, the service infrastructure, material resources, and most research and educational institutions are intended to grow raw cotton and cereals. But the availability of natural lakes, the convenience of growing fodder for poultry, availability of labor force allows raising the degree of agricultural diversification in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The level of use of land, water, labor, and other opportunities varies in different regions of the Republic. Therefore, the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is divided into 4 conditional zones and the main directions of the agricultural diversification are determined for each region separately.

321-327

Authors: Berdimuratova G.

This article discusses the improvement of the structure of the judicial system of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Improvement of the idea of independence of justice, it is effective and high standards of the obligation of legality, which is current to the priority direction of the state-legal policy of democratic states.

333-338

Authors: Dugushkin K., Bukalerova L.

The annual increase in crimes, related to drug trafficking, is characteristic not only of our state but also of the entire world community. This type of crime infringes on the safety, health, and life of the population. Even more dangerous is the fact that a large number of minors are involved in drug trafficking.

345-350

Authors: Djumagulov А., Turapova B.

The article deals with topical issues of determining the legal status of voluntary associations of citizens for the protection of law and order in Kyrgyzstan in the context of the constitutional right to security of person.

367-375

Authors: Rudenkin D.

The paper is devoted to the description of the results of a sociological research, which was conducted for the empirical verification of the hypothesis about the transformation of videoblogs into an alternative of mass media for representatives of Russian youth. An analysis of recent scientific literature in the area sociology of youth leads author to the conclusion that discussions about the transformation of video blogs into an actual analogue of traditional mass media for representatives of Russian youth have become quite common in current research practice. But at the same time the degree of substantiation of this idea remains not entirely clear: the inclination of young people to treat videoblogs as a substitute for traditional media is often described only speculatively and does not correlate with specific empirical data. Trying to take a step in overcoming this problem, the author uses the data of his own research, carried out in early 2020 on the basis of the Ural Federal University. The key conclusion of the author’s analysis is that it is somewhat premature to talk about videoblogs as a ready-made alternative to traditional media for young people. Although such services are popular among young people, they are perceived primarily as entertainment tools and only few see them as an important source of information.

386-395

Authors: Malygina A., Ivanov D.

The analysis of psychological factors determining the satisfaction of spouses with marriage relations is carried out. Disclosed are modern approaches to the concepts of “family” and “marriage” in domestic and foreign literature. The substantiation of the factors influencing the satisfaction with the marriage, the results of the analysis of studies of the relationship between the role expectations and claims of spouses with the satisfaction with the marriage are presented. The psychodiagnostic techniques are presented to study role expectations and aspirations. The description of the conducted experimental study is given. For men, the most important are family values: parenting and educational, social activity, external attractiveness. Values are significant for women: external attractiveness, emotional and psychotherapeutic, social activity. The greatest inconsistency in family values was found on the scale of personal identification and on the scale of external attractiveness. The study opens up prospects for further study of the problem of the influence on satisfaction with marriage of various factors affecting relationships between partners.

401-406

Authors: Matnazarov U., Masharipov R., Makhmudov Yu.

This article discusses the issues of preparing students for the use of folk pedagogy and sports traditions in the organization of sports and health-improving work with students. An important direction of this training is the organization of physical education of youth, the improvement of which is impossible without turning to age-old national traditions. Involvement of folk games in the process of physical education of children makes certain demands on the teacher. Therefore, the preparation of the teacher and class teacher for the use of folk pedagogy and folk traditions is the most important condition for a scientifically based system of education at a university.

415-420

Authors: Mukhamedova G.

Teaching mathematics in distance education has uncovered many problems and possibilities. The objective of this paper was to expose the obstacles and potentials of distance education based on the practices of Universitas Terbuka in offering mathematics courses. Modern technology of on-line testing is becoming more widely used in teaching mathematics. The advantages and disadvantages of this method of teaching and knowledge control are discussed. The analysis of the vulnerabilities of the testing procedure is given.

427-431

Authors: Omurkanova Ch.

Features of modern historical situations in the context of deep transformations in Kyrgyzstan official characterized the transition to a new modern approach, altering fundamentally the content and orientation of education, actually finds solution to the problems of the education system modernization in these conditions, according to today's requirements. Here, the availability and quality of education is a strategic decision of the question, so that the global nature on a national scale. Features contemporary historical situation in Kyrgyzstan is characterized by the transition to a new modern approach, altering fundamentally the content and orientation of education. Under these conditions actually finds solution to the problems of the education system modernization in accordance with today's needs. Here, the availability and quality of education decision is a strategic goal of a global nature on a national scale.

438-441

Authors: Mammadova I.

I decided to write this article after attending a three-week workshop on “Teaching Technology, learning by Design” organized by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. Basically, taking a look at the above topic throws up quite a number of conflicting and complex thoughts in the mind of the average teacher but considering what evolution has come into the teaching profession in recent, modern times, it is only expedient to look deeply into the subject. Technology as it were, does not literarily suggest the mere use of a Computer or a certain computer program just for the benefit of using a modern, pedagogical teaching method but a goal-driven, well-measured ideology to achieve specific results that go far beyond the four walls of the classroom. The concept of Teaching with Technology Learning by Design is a well-defined idea meant to dissect and treat real-life problems in the classroom and offer possible solutions to such problems with the use of modern technology which creates a near-real life learning and development experience not only for the students involved but also the tutors.

447-452

Authors: Postnikova A.

Jubilees as “rituals” of memory, reviving stable historical symbols in the consciousness of society, are endowed with the ability to bring the past closer to modern times, giving humanity a sense of stability in the present. In modern Europe, the problem of preserving images of the past has acquired a new sound in connection with migration processes, transforming the perception of jubilees of memorable dates in historical politics and in public consciousness. This process is most clearly observed in relation to the transformation of images of the Napoleonic era in French society. Two hundred years later, the symbols of the First Empire, becoming an integral part of the national consciousness and living memory of the French, gained relevance during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the battles of Napoleon. The memory of the battles of the Napoleonic era in modern France passed from a “ceremonial” memory (battle as national pride) to a “metaphorical” (battle as a distant past that has no political connection with modern Europe). The “French jubilees” of the Napoleonic era demonstrated that interpreting the past can become an effective tool for implementing an integration project at the level of historical policy, but not the basis for European collective memory. Obviously, the general European installation on the victim memory leads to a completely reverse process — an aggravation of the sense of national identity.

461-466

Authors: Kadyrov T., Shaanov T.

The Declaration of sovereignty by Kyrgyzstan in December 1990, the adoption of the Declaration of independence in August 1991 and their recognition by the world community were the most important historical and political events for our country at the end of the XX century, which led to fundamental changes in all spheres of public life, including in the development of culture. The changes that occurred in these years in the country’s management system have created a number of new problems in the historical and cultural development of the nation. A sharp increase in the flow of diverse ideological information, the strengthening of the influence of Western culture against the background of the socio-economic crisis that engulfed the country from the first years of sovereignty, had an impact, and not always positive, on the national culture.

472-476

Authors: Khuzhaniezov Sh., Siddikov M.

The results of the experimental study of MG, the possibility of using modified clay with a new composition was established, a method of heat treatment is recommended for the restoration of architectural clay-raw monuments and the construction of new low-rise residential buildings in seismically active regions.

483-486

Authors: Kholmanova F.

It is investigated the information about component changes that were carried out in the light industry enterprises that adapted for processing of agricultural products in the Surkhandarya region during the years of Independence, based on statistical collections and scientific literature.

492-496

Authors: Sattarov A.

This article highlights information about the population, the location of settlements, the housing of the population, the structure of dwellings, as well as the economic, social, and geographical changes that influenced the development of the region, it should be noted that the study of population growth, the location of settlements has great economic and social importance.

501-508

Authors: Naimanova Ch., Baizhigitova A.

The topicality of the research is based on the growing interest in the study of the concept of “time” in Kyrgyz cognitive linguistics. The concept of time reflects the cultural, spiritual, and moral values of any culture including Kyrgyz. The novelty of the research is that the concept of time has been analyzed in the framework of the Kyrgyz Language. In the framework of this paper, the associative experiment of how Kyrgyz people perceive the concept of time held. The aim of the paper is to study the concept of time in the Kyrgyz linguistic view of the world based on the associative experiment. To reach the aim of the paper the following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, observation, statistical analysis, interpretation, and an associative experiment. In this paper we have shared the results of the survey hold in Kyrgyzstan, 85 people participated as native speakers of the Kyrgyz language. The age and gender — 13–64 years; the number of women who participated in the Kyrgyz survey is 59 and 26 of them are men. Kyrgyz people believe that time has both positive and negative qualities. Kyrgyz people associate time with life, irreversibility, hour, age, moments, death, possibilities, happiness, success wrinkles, etc.

520-528

Authors: Khojakulova N.

This article discusses the essential strategies in writing academic essays. An essay is a composition made up of several paragraphs. Each of these paragraphs has a collection of connected sentences on a given topic.