Bulletin of Science and Practice

19-33

Authors: Ketova K., Rusyak I., Vavilova D.

The problem of social clustering being studied in the paper is one of the main subtasks; its solution is an integral part of analysis and prognosis of socio-economic processes. Analysis and systematization of knowledge in the field of applying neural network modelling to regional system social clustering problem solving are implemented. It was demonstrated that today, the main factor of economic growth is human capital, which is composed of quantitative and qualitative features. The main quantitative element is population replacement which has a bearing on human capital development sustainability. Qualitative component has several aspects in it: healthcare, culture, education and science are among them. To estimate human capital structure, the population is divided into social clusters by these aspects. It was also shown that since social cluster is an attribute of sociogenesis, processes of social clustering themselves are the result of people social interactions. Social cluster is a specific state of social entity which includes description of not only entity’s objects, but the processes which led to its structural development and interactions with social environment. As part of the study, a conclusion was made that neural networks enable one to apply cluster analysis to the society. Neural networks prove notable capabilities to solve poorly formalized tasks; they are resistant to frequent environmental changes and effective to use when working with a large amount of incomplete or contradictory information. While studying the issue, it was observed that structural and statistical features of social clusters reflect aggregation of their elements. The structure of a social cluster is a characteristic which represents a conjunction of stable connections which provide its unity. Under different external and internal changes, the main properties of social clusters are preserved. The grading of social demographic elements by health condition and cultural and educational level is set, in accordance with which collecting a statistical data to solve the clustering problem is implemented.

39-44

Authors: Osekova G.

Sodium phenolite and picric acid have been investigated and experimentally obtained. At constant temperature conditions. Studied and obtained phenol-formaldehyde resin by condensation polymerization method. The formation of paraisomers upon sulfonation of phenol with 98% sulfuric acid at 1000 °C indicate that the rate of the reverse reaction under these conditions is low. Control of phenol sulfonation becomes the dominant product of this reaction.

50-54

Authors: Salmanova R.

Species content and distribution patterns of the Orchidaceae Juss. Family in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been studied. Considering last changes in literature data, materials included in the herbarium fund and the performed researches, 21 species of the Orchidaceae Juss. Family belonging to 8 Genera have been established in the territory of the Autonomous Republic.

65-96

Authors: Bulgakova S., Romanchuk N.

Along with many physiological changes during normal aging, sleep also changes. Age-related changes in sleep include: a decrease in the duration of night sleep, an increase in the frequency of falling asleep during the day, an increase in the number of night awakenings and time spent without sleep during the night, a decrease in the phase of slow sleep, etc. Most of these changes occur between the young and the middle and remain unchanged in the elderly. In addition, the circadian system and homeostatic sleep mechanisms become less stable with aging. The level and nature of the secretion of hormones acting on sleep change during normal aging, which affects the processes of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep indicators are interrelated and/or dependent on lifestyle, polymorbidity (somatic, psychological), polypharmacy, epigenetic (social, economic, environmental, etc.) factors. Increased average human life expectancy and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of human brain neural network interaction with artificial intelligence.

130-134

Authors: Toktonalieva N., Toktonaliev I.

Herbal medicines currently widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Their share now is about 30% among all medicines and will only increase in the future. Therefore, every year the range of herbal remedies is expanding in pharmacies. At the same time, concerns about safety regarding the widespread use of herbal medicines among healthcare workers have increased, as the Kyrgyz population still believes that herbal medicines are safe and have a mild effect on the body. Our study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists in the field of herbal medicines. This article presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among pharmaceutical workers of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research materials used specially designed questionnaires, including the demographic characteristics of the participants, their knowledge, perception, attitude to the use of herbal remedies, and included issues of the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines. In the course of the study, pharmacoepidemiological, sociological research methods and an expert assessment method used. The results of the study showed that the majority of pharmacists consider herbal medicine effective and safe, and noted that providing reliable information when dispensing herbal preparations is their professional responsibility.

145-156

Authors: Chernomorova T., Vorobyev S.

The analysis of the ambiguity of the natural language is based on the development of Question Answering Systems that can process a user-entered question in a natural language and give a meaningful answer. Unlike the classical keyword search task, in which the result is a list of documents, in the question-answer search task, the result is a short and concise answer generated by the system as a result of analysis of various data sources. The review article lists and considers the main approaches and principles for constructing question-answer systems: a meta-search system, an annotated text search system, an expert system, a search system in question and answer collections. One of the first approaches to Question Answering Systems can be called the BASEBALL system of the early 60s of the last century, since it became possible to ask questions to the system in a natural language, but the knowledge base was a regular structured database. Thus, it can be considered its natural input system. All early Question Answering Systems were faced with the problem of the lack of BigData — a large amount of digitized facts and rules. Really working expert systems were obtained only in a limited domain of knowledge. Therefore, for a qualitative discussion of Question Answering Systems, it is proposed to classify them in the following dimensions: types of supported questions, types of supported answers, source of information, technique for outputting a question or answer by source of information, limited domain of knowledge, quality assessment methods, direction — who asks the question: user or system. Direction is a dimension proposed for the classification of Question Answering Systems for the first time in this article. It defines the lead question-answer dialogue in a pair — a man-computer. A direct question-answer system implies that a person asks questions and the machine answers. An inverted system assumes that the computer is leading this dialogue. Today, one of the most developed and well-known direct Question Answering Systems is the question and answer system on the IBM Watson supercomputer. In the last decade, there has been an active development of educational technologies on the Internet (EduTech). Using the accumulated amount of data on successful or dead-end paths by the user on digitized course materials, it is possible to form an adaptive training course for each of them, which allows to maximize the student’s readiness coefficient. In practice, training is faced with a high threshold of entry by the author of the course, the teacher. He needs not only to restructure the structure of his classical courses, breaking up into smaller blocks, but also to add original questionnaires and elements of gamification of instruction to the pauses between blocks. Inverted Question Answering Systems with an open dialog domain of knowledge have a great prospect in solving the problem of generating original questionnaires, conducting a simple dialogue on an adaptive question graph and introducing gamification elements to improve the perception and assimilation of lecture material.

165-172

Authors: Mirzaev A.

The article examines trends in the development of recreational tourism, which has been developing rapidly in the national economy in recent years. In the course of the research, the effectiveness of services was evaluated based on the analysis of the resource potential of enterprises providing recreational services. As a scientific innovation, studied the possibilities of stabilizing the volume of services by implementing an electronic reservation system for digitizing the management activities of enterprises in the industry. Theoretical research is based on the determination of forecast indicators up to 2022 by means of an econometric model, depending on factors that affect the volume of recreational services provided in the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2013–2019.

179-183

Authors: Khajayev R.

Effective solution growth of housing in modern conditions requires considering various factors: social stratification of the population, increasing requirements for housing comfort, the presence of accelerated urbanization, new forms of housing reproduction and others.

190-195

Authors: Shodiev E.

The article discusses the current problems and their solutions in the organization of the administrative account at the enterprises of sphere of services in the field of Information Technology and Communications of Uzbekistan. Problems affecting the information technology and communications services sector and issues related to their solution are being studied.

201-209

Authors: Kozhevnikova E., Malaya T.

The article is devoted to theoretical and practical issues that reflect the approaches of scientists and judicial practice to the definition of the concept of a minority participant in an economic company.

216-221

Authors: Beishembek kyzy A., Abzhaparov M.

The article discusses government policy in the field of digital transformation of the country. The concept of public policy and digitalization is considered. It is noted that a properly constructed legal and state policy is the key to achieving success in the intended goal in the development of the country. An attempt is made to highlight the positive aspects of both competent public policy and the development of the state at the rate of using innovative technologies. The author tried to highlight the positive impact of the transition to digital technologies on the quality of human life and government activities in the future. Several examples of the implementation of automated information systems are given.

226-235

Authors: Khlopov O.

The article is devoted to the study of energy problems in the foreign policy of the EU and the United States. The analysis of the paper is formed on a cognitive approach in analyzing the foreign policy making process and explores the relationship between energy and foreign policy of the EU and the USA. Based on the comparative method, the study races the role of the energy factor in shaping the foreign policy of the European Union and the United States. Although the US is the world's largest hydrocarbon producer and net exporter of energy, mainly due to its shale deposits, the EU remains the world's largest energy importer. This significant difference provides an opportunity to compare the role of energy in the foreign policy process of the two participants with completely different potential for the production and export, mostly of hydrocarbon resources. The author argues that the energy security strategies of both actors are based on interaction of material and ideological factors, but they have different ideas about the interests that generate their foreign policy behavior.

240-243

Authors: Petrova S.

The article shows that modern processes of globalization are complexly structured and have not a simple configuration. By preventing globalization, countries strive to preserve their diversity, identity and cultural traditions. Cultural pluralism has become a pronounced feature of the world community. Within individual cultures, there are processes of increasing individual and group independence in determining cultural activities and cultural consumption.

251-255

Authors: Losev A., Kaerova E. Osipova N.

In this work, on the basis of statistical data of the Ministry of Physical Culture and Sports of Primorsky Krai, an analysis of the dynamics of the level of provision of the population of Primorsky Krai with sports facilities for 2013–2019. and a comparative forecast analysis for 2019–2024. It was established that the level of provision of the population with sports facilities does not have positive dynamics over the specified period of time. The most significant reasons for the current state of the sports sphere of the region were identified and a number of proposals aimed at its maintenance and development were formulated.

260-263

Authors: Tagaeva D., Toktomambetova Zh.

The article discusses the tasks of personality-oriented learning, different models of developing learning of a modern school. Technologies for building and implementing a personality-oriented educational process. Modern innovative approaches to learning, forms and means of training are presented.

272-276

Authors: Zikirova G.

This article discusses the application of research activities as a means of forming the research competence of a bachelor. Research the concept of research competence is the General concept of “research”. The role of research competence of the bachelor is determined. The result of the study is a certain territorial system concept and objective education. The emerging levels of professional competence of the future bachelor’s mathematics teacher coincide with the level of students’ performance of educational and methodological tasks: low level-the lack of a system of knowledge of a reproductive nature about the methodological features of teaching certain topics of mathematics, about the age characteristics of students; inability to make educational and methodological questions even on a given sample; intermediate level-a system of acquired and existing knowledge, skills and basic professional qualities in the learning process, which is able to solve educational and methodological issues in standard situations with the help of a teacher or other persons through level 1 tasks using individual approaches based on the model; a high level of methodological literacy — readiness for independent and creative release training tasks in the changed conditions on all major types of educational-methodical assignments with the use of special, generic methods or their own methods of instructional activities in accordance with accepted standards and norms and the implementation of educational-methodical tasks of the second and third levels. We can conclude that research is a phenomenon of human culture, the essence of which is the knowledge of the world around us. The result of the research is objective knowledge reflected in the system of concepts in a certain area.

284-288

Authors: Jahongirov B.

Present article deals with the scientific and technical relations of Uzbekistan with foreign countries, in which the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan cooperates with research institutes, research centers, higher educational institutions on the basis of agreements and scientific projects on the development of science. The issues of holding conferences and scientific seminars on the basis of projects, exchange of experience, joint training of scientific personnel, development of mutually beneficial research work in the future were studied.

295-300

Authors: Yarmatov F.

This article analyzes the positive changes in the social protection system of Uzbekistan and the achievements in this area on the example of the southern regions and provides comprehensive information.

304-311

Authors: Savitskaya E.

The article is devoted to revealing the cultural and historic continuity of eidetic and abstract thinking and their structural parallelism. The author describes the cognitive archetype “Shape” in English linguoculture, shows what subject areas are modelled by using the above-mentioned archetype (mental states / properties, action and its effect, objective circumstances etc.) and points out the importance of the cognitive archetype in question for modern abstract thinking and modelling of reality. The role of the cognitive archetype “Configuration of objects” for abstract thinking and modelling of reality is emphasized. In particular, it has been demonstrated that among representatives of English linguoculture the image of a straight line is often associated with simplicity, truthfulness, honesty, sincerity, rejecting ambiguity in expressing thoughts, spontaneity, whereas the image of a curved line is often associated with complexity, deceit, insincerity, hypocrisy, resourcefulness, fraud, wrongness, deviation from the norm, standard, from a simple and clear presentation of thoughts. The author notes that the numerous language examples given in the article indicate an important circumstance in the field of cognitive science: a person does not believe that he has deeply understood the structure and essence of a non-perceivable object until he imagines its spatial outlines. The author states that information about the environment is received through sensory channels, with further processing of the information received through the channels, constructing abstract notions from sensory images, but, as can be seen from the examples, never loses connection with the images. The author also notes that man is an intelligent primate; his picture of the world, figuratively speaking, is a building of the human mind based on ape’s sensations. But the sensations that man has inherited from his animal ancestors do not prevent him from gaining genuine knowledge, developing abstract thinking, and achieving an adequate understanding of the world.

26-41

Authors: Rogozin M.

In the forests near Perm, 184-year-old stands of common pine of class I Bonita were studied with a fullness of 0.93 and a reserve of 620 m3/ha. On an area of 2.2 hectares, live and dead trees over 60 years were mapped to the plan with an accuracy of ±10–35 cm. Then, using phyto-and bioindication (biolocation), more than 1200 pieces were chart small geoactive zones (hereinafter referred to as zones) with geo-linking to the centers of the bases of the trunks of nearby trees. They were classified into 7 types: pathogenic (Hartman and Kurri networks), favorable in size 1.0 and 3.0 m, and neutral in size 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 m. The interaction of trees was divided into six levels, for which 5 map layers were formed. The Windows included places with a distance between trees of 8.76 m or more, where the interaction of trees decreased to 0.16 from the average level. It was found that Windows occupy 41% of the area and the reasons for their formation in 100% of cases were four factors. The first is the absence of favorable zones of 1.0 and 3.0 m in size: 94% of cases of window formation where there were no such zones. The second is the effect of pathogenic zones and depression zones of other zones: 39% of cases; they inhibited the growth of trees and led to their fall, but the proportion of their area in the windows was the same as in the whole stand. The third is the settlement of undergrowth on favorable zones, which may have prevented pine trees from settling on them in the past: 6% of cases. The fourth is the decline due to competition, and the trees were in neutral places without the energy from favorable zones that their neighbors received: 3% of the cases of Windows. That is, the “competitive struggle” was not equal, and a small or large area of nutrition in trees did not play a role in this struggle.

50-58

Authors: Talibov T., Mahmudova U.

In this article the structure of species including in Valerianella Genus was studied with geobotanical methods, their role in phytocenosis, their formations, and associations were determined in the vegetation cover in Soyugdagh and Khorhat mountainous areas of Ordubad region. It has been determined that although the species of the Valerianella Genus are small numbers in phytocenosis and associations, they have great importance in improving the fodder quality of the vegetation. This plays an important role in the enrichment of food ration of Bezoar Goat and other herbivorous animals that inhabit the area of Zangezur National Park.

66-74

Authors: Talibov T., Guliyeva G.

The article presents the role and phytocenological features of the Foetid Juniper (Juniperus foetidissima Willd.) species in the sparse juniper forest of Paradash Massif in the Julfa District. According to the used literature and our researches, plants with bare seeds in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are represented by 2 Divisions, 2 Classes, 3 Orders, 3 Families, 7 Genera and 13 Species, 7 of which are related to the cultural flora. According to research in sparse juniper forests in the Paradash Massif, there were not found Species belongin to Pinaceae Adans. Family, but 2 Species of Juniperus L. Genera of Cupressaceae S. F. Gray Family, and only one species named Ephedra procera Fisch. et C. A. Mey. Belonging to the Ephedraceae Dumort family was determined. The dominant Species of the tree tier is Juniperus foetidissima Willd., and the subdominant Species is Pyrus salicifolia Pall. — whenever Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch, together with the willow-leafed pear are multi-fruited Species of Juniper. Counting of the height indicators according to the steps and determination of the trunk diameter of the Juniper tree on the territory of Paradash were given in the counting tables. All formations and associations of phytocenoses in a rocky biotope were discovered and presented.

81-87

Authors: Gasanzadeh Sh.

Given the importance of buckwheat in terms of food safety, determining the timing of sowing, fertilizer application rates to increase productivity and crop quality is one of the important urgent problems. Studies have shown that when sowing buckwheat on April 10–15 for all options relative to crops on April 1–5 and 20–25, significantly higher indicators of the number of flowers per plant, the mass of 1000 grains, and the mass of grains in one plant are observed.

93-101

Authors: Yakubov R.

Samur-Absheron Canal is one of the important waterways of Azerbaijan. It provides filling the Jeyranbatan reservoir with water and makes it possible to irrigate the vast territories of the Absheron region and the coastal lands of five districts of the north–eastern region. The Jeyranbatan reservoir, in turn, is the main source of drinking water for 65% of the population of Baku and 90% of the population of Sumgait. The canal is fed from three rivers of the region: Samur, Gudyalchay, Velvelichai. The environmental condition of the canal is mainly based on the ecological situation in the basins of these three mountain rivers. Modern environmental problems of the canal and its rivers feeding as a result of anthropogenic impact. Some materials on the environmental situation and information on water quality indicators in the Samur–Absheron Canal presented in the article can improve the efficiency of the right decisions.

107-117

Authors: Chaulin A., Grigoryeva Ju., Suvorova G.

It is well known that regular physical activity has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system and reduces the risk of heart disease; however, numerous studies have shown an increase in heart troponin levels after exercise, which indicates damage to the myocardium in apparently healthy people. The prevalence of these results in various exercise conditions and population groups, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of exercise-induced cardiac troponin release, has not yet been fully determined. This review discusses the effect of exercise on cardiac troponin levels and possible mechanisms for increasing these biomarkers.

127-132

Authors: Terekhova O., Uzakov O.

The article presents data on the use of the drug ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursosan) for hepatomegaly and fatty hepatosis in children with diabetic nephropathy. 40 children were examined. Material treated by variational statistics Statistica for Windows v. 6.0. Use of preparations of ursodeoxycholic acid in addition to the basic treatment results in a significant improvement of clinical symptoms and lipid metabolism in children, as well as a favorable course of the main disease. It was noted positive clinical dynamics when using this drug.

139-146

Authors: Akhunbaev, S., Kazybekova, A., & Tumonbaeva, Zh.

To study the immune reactivity in people of different ages living at different heights of the mountainous area. The following task was solved to achieve the aim of the research: to study of the age-related features of immune reactivity in healthy individuals living in low- and high-mountainous regions. Modern and classical methods of immunological analysis were used to determine the immune status and natural resistance in humans. The article presents the results of the study of immune reactivity in 116 people of both sexes aged from 16 to 63 years old that were divided into 3 age groups living at different altitude zones — in the low mountains (930 m above sea level) and in the highlands (2800 m above sea level). Results. Comparative evaluation of immune reactivity in low-mountain areas in two age groups (II–III) revealed significant changes, compared with the first age group. In the third age group, there is a distinctly pronounced decrease in all the basic indices of phagocytosis, as well as the level of lysozyme and complement. For all age groups in the highlands compared with the low-mountain range, there is a decrease in the number of all T-lymphocytes, their subpopulations and functional activity of all types of cells participating in phagocytosis. An increased concentration of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was detected. The revealed quantitative changes in the immunity indices in all age groups examined indicate a reduction in the reserve capacity of the body’s immune defenses with age, but more significantly in high-altitude inhabitants.

158-162

Authors: Akhunbaev S., Kutmanova A., Gupta A.

Hepatitis A is a self-limiting disease where fulminant hepatitis and death occur in a small proportion of patients. Fulminant hepatic failure is more common in patients with underlying liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B and C, co-infection with more than one genotype of hepatitis A at the same time, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or alcoholic steatohepatitis, in advanced age and with dependence on intravenous drugs. We present a case of infection of hepatitis A and herpes simplex virus that lead to acute liver failure. In this rare case, the importance of attention to the first manifestations of the disease in diagnosing severe cases of hepatitis A in adults is emphasized. At the same time, HSV hepatitis can also be the cause of fulminant hepatic insufficiency. Therefore, patients with severe hepatitis A need an early examination for HSV infection, and empirical treatment with acyclovir should begin at early stage.

169-175

Authors: Toigonbekov A., Akhunbaev S., Umetov M., Tumanbaev A.

The article addresses issues oncological diseases in Kyrgyzstan. Incidence of gastric cancer in the Kyrgyz Republic is examined and the risks are analyzed. Statistics are given for regions and groups of residents. It is noted that, despite preventive measures, the number of diseases is growing. It is noted that in the Kyrgyz Republic the incidence among men is 2 times higher than among women. Stomach cancer morbidity rate increases with aging. The sickness peak is noted in age groups of 65–69. Supposedly, it is tied up to the etiological factors of risk.

218-225

Authors: Gasanov R., Kobzar V., Zhuravleva A.

The epidemiological situation of parasitic diseases in Kyrgyzstan is unfavorable, especially for echinococcosis and alveococcosis, although there is a tendency to reduce the incidence of enterobiasis and ascariasis. Students are a risk contingent, since they do not conduct systematic examinations to identify a particular parasitic pathology, as is done in children and adolescent age groups. In addition, the main problem of the prevalence of parasitic diseases is not resolved – the preventive focus. he purpose of this work was: 1) a survey of first-year students of the medical faculty of KRSU and respondents from the Internet community to assess the level of awareness and risk of infection with parasitic diseases; 2) prevention: the development of a self-help program for parasitic diseases, as well as the publication and distribution of an information leaflet on the most common parasitic diseases (giardiasis, echinococcosis, alveococcosis, ascariasis and enterobiasis). A specially developed questionnaire for assessing the awareness and risk of infection with parasitic diseases included questionnaire data (5 questions) and 15 questions for assessing the risk factors for parasitic diseases among respondents and assessing the level of awareness of the ways they were infected. The comparative sample included: 120 first-year students of adolescent age (18–20 years old) from the medical faculty of KRSU specializing in General Medicine and 202 people aged 18–25 from the Internet community. By gender, among the surveyed students, girls predominated — 60%, boys accounted for 40%. Conversely, male respondents dominated the Internet sample (60%), and 40% belonged to women. The survey involved students living in the city (70%), and only 30% — in the villages. 91% of Internet respondents lived in cities, and 9% of them in villages. The questionnaire of first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine of KRSU and respondents from the Internet community reflected knowledge gaps regarding parasitic diseases transmitted primarily by water, alimentary and contact-household. For the effective prevention of parasitic diseases, we have developed a self-help program addressed to students and information leaflets.

235-242

Authors: Gudoshnik E., Ibragimov А., Eremenko K.

The article discusses the specifics of conducting simultaneous hydraulic fracturing and drilling on a well pad. Describes the actions before starting work. Features of drilling and construction of wells. The causes of accidents and methods for preventing accidents and indicators during hydraulic fracturing and drilling are determined. Safety enhancements are proposed while carrying out work.

247-250

Authors: Toktorbaeva G., Tashpolotov Y.

The article presents the results of scientific research on the processing of nutshells by the pyrolysis method. The process of pyrolysis of walnut shells in the temperature range of 100–550 °C with the formation of charcoal without air was studied. The inorganic component in the shell is about 25%, while the organic part is 75%. It was found that the yield of charcoal from the walnut shell is 31.3% by weight at 550 °C, and the iodine concentration is 0.105 μg/dm3.

257-261

Authors: Memesheva L.

Achieving gender equality remains one of the most important tasks of the state policy of Uzbekistan. The country maintains a position with a high level of both vertical and horizontal gender segregation in the labor market. The article reviews and identifies the main reasons for maintaining gender inequality, as well as positive changes in the provision of equal rights in the field of gender relations.

272-276

Authors: Marchenko A., Suidi M.

The article discusses the culture of coffee consumption and the social and economic prerequisites for its formation. A brief overview of the economic mechanisms for regulating coffee consumption in recent years is offered. Algerian and Russian consumption markets are compared. How pricing affects coffee consumption and culture. In conclusion, brief conclusions are given on the practical use of the experience of studying the culture of a drink.

283-290

Authors: Obidov S.

Article discusses the priority areas of state support and management of innovative processes in the automotive industry of Uzbekistan. The new mechanisms for improving innovative processes in the industry are analyzed. The localization level of the automobile industry of Uzbekistan is 32% for cars and 20% for trucks and buses. Large costs were noted as the main causes of problems at enterprises. As the main recommendation, automotive companies are invited to improve project management and introduce innovative management methods and mechanisms in the industry.

295-299

Authors: Sadriddin-zoda Sh., Shumova K.

The work is devoted to the problems of ensuring property interests in a bankruptcy case. In particular, the author analyzed the current judicial practice of arbitration courts, including the opinion of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation regarding the issue under consideration. The most relevant and controversial issues are presented on specific examples of legal proceedings. The lack of uniformity of judicial practice on the evidence of the validity of the application of interim measures, first of all, leads to the prolongation of litigation. The data that provide the best evidence base is given. In conclusion, it is concluded that relevant legislation should be amended accordingly, which would greatly simplify the process of proving the need for interim measures in respect of property of persons brought to subsidiary liability for obligations of a debtor in a bankruptcy case.

307-310

Authors: Khudoikina T., Khalzova R.

Analysis of the use of family mediation reveals a number of significant problems that need to be addressed to increase the demand for family mediation. The author identifies priority promising directions for the development of the Institute of family mediation in our country. The article reveals the importance of legislative innovations for the effective implementation of this institution in the Russian legal system.

315-322

Authors: Dudareva A.

This article describes the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the representatives of the Ossetian ethnic group. Moral–ethical foundations of interaction within the Ossetian ethnic group, gender norms in ethnic culture, features of parent–child relationships, specifics of experiencing death and psychological characteristics of representatives of a given people were described. Based on the material studied, assumptions were made regarding possible options for experiencing extreme situations.

327-330

Authors: Kozina T., Kozin G., Urchenkov V.

The article deals with the term of electronic or distant education at high school. The main difficulties of teaching foreign language at high school during distant education have been developed. The authors have come to the conclusion that e-education is an effective system of learning foreign language. However, it needs to be improved in some way.

336-342

Authors: Nurkulova E., Nurkulova M.

In the modern developing knowledge society, the role and importance of information is expanding more and more, information is becoming a key factor in the development of human civilization. Under these conditions, an important place in the structure of the personality belongs to its information culture, which involves the possession of information sources, the ability to search for it and its active use in life processes. An important role in the mastery of information culture by young people belongs to universities and university libraries. The article shows the relevance of the problem, the importance of these factors in the formation of the information culture of young generations during the period of higher education, when the formation of the entire culture of the personality as a whole is in progress. The content of the concept of information culture is revealed, the current state of the formation of information culture in universities of Kyrgyzstan is briefly characterized, the role of university libraries in the education of students’ information culture is determined.

348-356

Authors: Wahedi N.

The article attempts to highlight the importance of implementing a course syllabus design practices in Uzbek tertiary education. The syllabus is an introductory document that guides students throughout the entire course and functions as an asset to shape the initial impression on the course’s nature and its content. The constituent parts of a course syllabus are a general description and course objectives, topics, preliminary schedule of assignments, materials, grading plan, pre-set rules, and policies of class conduct. Also, the author discusses the basic syllabus sections and presents the guidelines on the points to be considered while designing a syllabus for the course.

363-367

Authors: Isaeva R.

One of the most important tasks that the school is called to solve is to ensure that students learn the basic knowledge of science. The main components of the system of scientific knowledge: scientific facts, scientific concepts, theories, laws, research methods, applied issues. The main core of this system is scientific concepts. Without assimilation of concepts, there can be no conscious assimilation of the laws and theories of physics. All this leads to the conclusion about the importance of the problem of the formation of scientific concepts in school students and the formation of the competence of future teachers in this type of activity. To consciously control the process of the formation of concepts, it is necessary to know the main features, patterns. The article presents the experience of conducting a special course to prepare students for the formation of physical concepts in schoolchildren.

380-392

Authors: Tokareva A.

This article discusses the theoretical aspects of pedagogical conflicts, explores the causes of conflicts between teachers in school. In addition to this, an experimental study of conflicts was conducted and recommendations were developed to reduce conflict situations in pedagogical groups. The mechanisms of conflict resolution in the teaching staff are investigated in detail. The conditions of the emergence, course and management of the conflict in the teachers’ labor collective are studied, and dynamics is revealed that shows how the level of personal self-control affects tactics of behavior in a conflict situation. The practical significance lies in the fact that, in the framework of the study, I, together with the supervisor, managed to identify a number of patterns in the behavior of the participants in the teaching staff, taking into account their personal characteristics.

409-416

Authors: Lazareva A., Goncharov A.

The question of the delimitation of powers in the sea open spaces adjacent to Alaska between two states (Russia and the USA) remains open and problematic to this day. This work is devoted to the study of more than a century and a half of the history of the Arctic conflict between the two powers in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The prerequisites and stages of the conclusion of the 1990 agreement on the line of delineation of sea spaces, the legal consequences of the lack of Russian ratification of this treaty, as well as the economic losses incurred by the Russian Federation in connection with the reduction of the economic zone, are examined.

425-432

Authors: Eolian V., Muratova E.

The paper briefs on the emergence of the UN and the Bretton-Woods institutions necessitated by the post-war reconstruction of countries and development assistance. The planning, discussion, and implementation of development interventions were carried out exclusively in the English language. Since the origination of the Northern development discourse some 70 years ago, a specialized variant of English, the so-called Developmentspeak, has become widespread in the literature and the practice. Currently, it is used to implement most development programs. The article notes characteristics of Developmentspeak, e. g. it is overloaded with terms and jargonized. The paper also gives examples of Developmentspeak terms and expressions and discusses challenges related to their perception and understanding by countries-recipients of development assistance.

437-441

Authors: Mansurov R.

The article below is aimed to analyze one of the main notions of pragmalinguistics and text linguistics which is called pragmatic intentions. As a result of paradigm shift in theory linguistics, new insight to study the language has also appeared and its main aim is to learn language phenomena in relation to its users. While delivering a particular speech act, the addressee has some aims to realize and they are called as pragmatic intentions, in this article, the types of these intentions are enumerated and analyzed with samples taken from various texts.

15-24

Authors: Aydaraliev Zh., Ismanov Yu., Kainazarov A.

In any production of products based on mineral fibers, one of the main types of equipment included in the line for the production of fiber products is installations for forming a basalt carpet or the so-called fiberizing chambers. The quality of finished products depends on their perfection. Currently, there are several widely used in industry methods for producing mineral fibers from the melt, which determine the various types and designs of hibernation chambers. In all chambers, the formation of mineral wool carpet occurs under the influence of hydrodynamic forces. Therefore, the study of such hydrodynamic characteristics as the rate of fall of individual fibers and clumps of these fibers and the hydrodynamic resistance of the carpet is of paramount importance in the design of new and reconstruction of old chambers. In this paper, we study the relationship between the strain rate and the viscosity coefficient of basaltic melt during fiber formation using a blown head developed by the authors. The substantiation of the process of fiber formation using a blowing head is given. Relations are obtained that establish the dependence of the strain rate in the fiber stream on the viscosity of the melt. Experimental data have been obtained that can be used to evaluate the effect of a basalt deposit on the dependence of the strain rate on the viscosity of a basalt melt. It was found that high-speed deformation of the melt greatly affects the quality of the fibers and the amount of waste in the production of fibers.

31-41

Authors: Shcherban V.

The paper is devoted to studying the following issue as a statement. What do we know and what we don’t know about arithmetic tables. Perhaps there is no mathematical problem as naive or as simple as finding a method for creating arithmetic tables. We confirm that the general method has not been found yet. This study provides a nonterminal solution to this problem. Why? The presentation of arithmetic material in essence, plus some accompanying ideas, makes it possible to develop them further in the system. Materials and methods. The system looks like this: a numerical table as Pascal's triangle and a symmetric polynomial in two or three variables. Some arithmetic properties of such tables will be found, studied, and proved. All this was made possible only after the successful decryption of the entire class of numeric tables of truncated triangles in the cryptographic system. Results. For example, the arithmetic properties of truncated Pascal’s triangle for finding all prime numbers have been found and presented, and then their formulas have been placed. In addition to elementary addition and subtraction tables, unlimited “comparison” tables of numbers are given and presented for the first time. Conclusions. For computer implementation of the objectives set, the rules of real actions that should exist for tables have been laid down. Only the recurrent numeric series should be used for this purpose.

48-54

Authors: Dziuba M., Mushinskii L., Brovko R., Doluda V.

The surface properties of microporous aluminosilicates are of primary importance in chemical technology and catalysis. The determination of the surface area, pore volume, and pore size and size distribution for microporous aluminosilicates is a complex scientific and technical problem related to both accurate measurements and the correct choice of a mathematical model that adequately describes the physicochemical processes occurring on the test surface. Currently, t-plot, as-plot, Dubinin-Radushkevich model, Dillimore model and Horvath-Kawazoe model are frequently used, each of which has certain advantages and certain disadvantages, to determine micropores in the material. It should be noted that t-plot model found the most frequent use. This is a consequence of the good correlation of volumes and pore areas obtained with its help with theoretically calculated values for various materials. In this point, the article provides a calculation of Zn-modified zeolite H-ZSM-5 surface properties using the t-plot model, for which nitrogen adsorption isotherms were originally obtained. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms of the initial zeolite H-ZSM-5 can be attributed to the first type of isotherms, and the modified samples to the fourth type of isotherms according to Brunauer’s classification. It was found that the initial zeolite is a typical microporous zeolite of H-ZSM-5 type, while the modified samples are micro- and mesoporous materials. Calculation of nitrogen adsorption isotherms using the t-plot model allows to determine the volume of micro and mesopores, which varied in the range of 0.11–0.14 cm3/g for micropores and 0.04–0.07 cm3/g for mesopores. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that when zeolite is modified with zinc at a zinc concentration less than 15 wt.%, micropores are not filled with zinc, while mesopores are predominantly filled and an additional surface of zinc oxide is formed on the external surface of the zeolite.

61-67

Authors: Verdiyeva L.

The article provides information about new Pteridophyta in the North-Eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus. As a result of the development of literature and personal field research materials, Pteridophyta of the North-Eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus are characterized by 3 divisions, 5 classes, 13 families and 39 species of 20 genera. Among these species are Polypodium interjectum Shivas., Polystichum illyricum (Borb.), Cystopteris anthriscifolia Fomin., one species variety Polystichum aculatum var. aristatum, one new ecotype Adiantum capillus-veneris L., was identified as new for the studied area.

73-77

Authors: Bayramova A., Tagiyev Z.

While using food crops, feed crops, medicinal plants found in nature reserves criteria for the rare and endangered species should be met the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Although there is wild fruit spread in 12 Families, 22 Genera belong to 46 species are not used effectively in nature reserves. Appletree, Arachis, Pyrus, Sea Buckthorn, Mespilus, Crataegus, Rubus, Cornus, Ribes, etc. are considered expedient to use the raw material reserves of these fruits for industrial purposes.

84-91

Authors: Chaldanbaeva A., Bogdanova V.

The article presents the results of a study of the prevalence of pollen allergy and allergies to house dust mites among the Bishkek population in 2019. The examined patients, aged 4 to 60 years, were divided into groups according to the age periodization of a person. Identification of general and specific IgE antibodies was carried out using modern methods of laboratory diagnosis of the immunological profile. Linked Immunosorbent Assay options such as Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) and Immunoblotting were used. The obtained results indicate a widespread sensitization of the Bishkek population to pollen allergens, sensitization to house dust mite allergens is more pronounced in the form of a polyvalent allergy. There is also a tendency to increase the prevalence of allergic diseases among the country’s child population. Pollinosis occupies a leading place among allergic diseases in the country due to the fact that weeds prevail in the city’s natural vegetation, which is highly allergenic. Data on the incidence of allergic diseases in Kyrgyzstan, as well as abroad, do not reflect the true spread of allergies, because like most patients with mild forms of allergic diseases do not go to the doctor. Therefore, the early detection, prevention, and treatment of allergic diseases are one of the most important issues of modern medicine and biology. It is necessary to create annual flowering calendars of allergenic plants. Round the clock biomonitoring of the air to monitor pollen and air disputes is necessary to inform patients with hay fever. Preventive measures for patients with sensitization to house dust mite allergens include the prevention of mass reproduction of mites, namely the reduction of dust and humidity in rooms.

103-107

Authors: Bedelbaev M., Khalupko E., Dzholbunova Z.

The comparative characteristic of secretory diarrhea caused by the enteropathogenic group of Escherichiosis and rotavirus in early age children is given

115-135

Authors: Pyatin V., Romanchuk N., Bulgakova S., Romanov D., Sirotko I., Davydkin I., Volobuev A.

Circadian stress causes dysregulation of brain Homo sapiens software followed by impairment of the cognitive and visceral brains. The body’s circadian rhythms are programmed with a system of circadian genes. Circadian clock and circadian system — are the biophysical and biochemical regulators of immune protection. Circadian synchronization system is an evolutionary software product of biocomputer for survival and preparation of the organism for expected cyclic challenges, different epigenetic orientation. Understanding the temporal relationship between stressors and stress reactions is critical to understanding the molecular foundations of the physiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Chronic stress and circadian mismatch trigger a cascade of failures in the functioning of neurophysiological, neuroendocrine, and psychoneuroimmune mechanisms. Epigenetic loading and allostatic overload reduce both the body’s overall workability and its physical, occupational, and cognitive components. Circadian stress has a pathological effect on a person, in all his age periods of life. The level of disease exposure depends on the stability of the body’s protective systems. In the works of N. P. Romanchuk, it is established that modern solution to the problem of rehabilitation of cognitive brain H. sapiens with the use, on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and on the other — multidisciplinary interaction of neurophysiologist with clinical universal specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, and geriatrics. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of much, including predicting cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders, through combined and hybrid neuroimaging, next-generation sequencing, etc., with the aim of initiating timely and effective rehabilitation of brain H. sapiens. Chronotherapy and psychochronobiological strategies to protect various groups and categories of the population from the effects of circadian stress allow blocking the transition of cognitive disorders to cognitive disorders. The skin is a unique synchronized near interface of the skin-circadian system, and the condition of the skin of the face and hands is an individual indicator (biomarker) of the effect of chronic circadian stress on accelerated (premature) aging of the human body.

145-149

Authors: Erlygina E.

In conditions of high competition, the problem of risk management at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex becomes particularly relevant. Risks are interrelated and have a direct impact on the company’s operations. For the timely detection of threats and rapid response to them, enterprises need to create a risk management system aimed at reducing the probability of occurrence or impact of risk.

157-166

Authors: He F., Makeev A.

The progress made in recent years in the field of reinforced heat transfer technology of shell and tube heat exchangers in China and abroad is reviewed. The energy-saving means and results of improving the heat transfer efficiency of shell and tube heat exchangers are introduced from the experimental research and numerical simulation respectively, and the future research of shell and tube heat exchangers to strengthen the heat transfer technology is also foreseen.

175-198

Authors: Khubaev G.

It is established that only the state, without interfering in the functioning of the market, can strengthen the positive mutual influence of market participants and increase the transparency of the market and the awareness of its subjects; it is shown how to do this with the help of original methods and tools.

205-210

Authors: Mamanazarov O., Inoyatova D.

In this article, the main topics and goals of the work such as the study of billing systems of public services and the development of requirements, determining the needs in the system being created, analyzing the world’s best practices for combining all public services in one information field, determining ways to create a complex of unified billing system taking into account common technical requirements for billing systems, determining ways to develop and update the software to improve the quality of services to consumers in a single billing system are widely revealed. It is also worth noting that in this article, based on the study of modern Russian and international experience in implementing and improving a unified billing system in the industry of housing and communal services analyzed the existing barriers and the development of the industry, describes the main opportunities and promising areas of program support, organizational-economic and administrative measures to improve accessibility and improve housing and utilities and minimize utility costs of the population. Specific directions for Federal and international regional authorities to increase the investment attractiveness of innovative housing and communal services and the transition of this industry to an innovative vector of development are proposed.

216-219

Authors: Gerasimov O., Smirnov V.

The article considers the opinion of factors. In the course of work, the process of image formation was also considered.

225-229

Authors: Kenjaev M.

The article discusses issues related to improving credit risk management in the activities of commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as developed scientific proposals aimed at solving these problems. Studied further ways to improve monetary policy using the tools used in international best practice in the strategy of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

235-239

Authors: Shvaiba D.

Based on the theory of economic traps the article considers specific features and problems of motivational and incentive regulation in future digital development of the economy, in this regard, highlighted the threat of falling into the orbit of the motivational-incentive traps, based on the generated findings justify the ways and mechanisms of solution to this situation.

244-251

Authors: Berdimuratova G.

This work is devoted to the consideration of the constitutional directions of interaction and interdependence of the judiciary of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. As a result of studying the issues under consideration, the author concludes that the importance and significance of the role and place of the judicial branch of the government in the mechanism of separation of powers is precisely in ensuring the rule of law, avoiding violations of the principle of legality and the rule of law based on it.

261-268

Authors: Kakadiy I., Shiripova D.

Local government is one of the branches of government that creates the image of the government as a whole, the importance of its existence is determined by the large area of the country and the need to take into account the interests of all citizens. The article presents the history of the development of local government, the concept and structure, as well as the functions of the local government system, considered in two aspects, which give a complete picture of the purpose.

274-279

Authors: Sharova E., Musabekova, Z., Chevgun, N., & Gorborukova, L.

A topical issue of higher education is the use of non-traditional interactive teaching methods in the educational process and increasing motivation for learning. A quiz with elements of the Olympiad allows you to attract a wide range of students with an increased interest in biochemistry. The purpose of the event is the development of cognitive interest and creative abilities of students, the education of collectivism and biochemical culture. The structure of the quiz includes both theoretical and practical tasks in which students can apply their knowledge, skills and abilities. The quiz is an interesting, vibrant, fun and informative event that promotes learning and makes the lives of students and teachers more interesting and diverse.

288-297

Authors: Zulpukarova D.

This article discusses features of competence-oriented tasks used in mathematics lessons. Result of education is not only knowledge of specific disciplines, but also ability to apply them in everyday life, for use in the future training. And this largely depends not on the knowledge, skills and practices acquired, but on some additional qualities, competencies and more relevant to understanding the modern goals of education. Introduction of these concepts into teaching practice in school has required a change in the content and methods of education, specification of activity types that school students have to master at the end of an educational process and in the study of individual subjects. Success of today’s student in the future largely depends on his/her ability to acquire and develop skills, practices and competencies that can be used in any life situation. Therefore, it is necessary to educate children in readiness for change, developing of qualities such as mobility, constructiveness and ability to learn.

305-311

Authors: Pavlov V., Kakadiy I.

One of the most topical issues in the Russian educational environment is the security of the educational environment and its threats. The authors carried out work on the study of legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as the work of other researchers of this problem. The main approaches to the concept of “security” were identified, the “subject” and “object” of security were identified, and their interaction was considered, and the security levels were studied. The authors divide threats to the security of the educational process into internal, which can include personal, organizational and group as well as external: economic, political, criminal, environmental and biological.

318-322

Authors: Platonova E., Sokolov K.

Reminiscences from The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz by L. F. Baum’s in Mongolia by Fyodor Svarovsky’s could not be considered as direct citations or adoption. The fairytale implication acts as a model for parable-like allegorical style of the poem.

331-333

Authors: Tursunova M.

This article examines the literary interpretation of the story of Noah in a postmodern novel A History Of The World In 10½ Chapters by Julian Barnes, an internationally acclaimed contemporary English novelist, and justifies the author’s views on the reality of the story to realize the true image of God embodied in this work.

341-355

Authors: Eshankulova Sh.

The article develops the idea of the presence in the Turkic languages of defective paradigms of personal predicative and personally–possessive conjugation. The category of personality / impersonality is an integral part of predicativity. Predicativity is the basis of any communication. It organizes and coordinates the speech and its components, being the constructive and semantic center of the utterance. Predicative is the framework of a proposal consisting of the main members of the proposal or one of them.

362-366

Authors: Samedova K.

The article tells about the dialectal group’s diphthongization in the northern dialect of the Azerbaijani language. Also here there is a speech about how the emergence of diphthongs, a comparison between diphthongization dialects of Turkish and Kipchak languages and the author concludes that because of the strong influence of the Kipchak language elements in the regions diphthongization dialects of these regions is very similar to the phenomenon that takes place in the Kipchak language.

373-377

Authors: Gulyamova O.

The article attempts to describe the gestures used by the representatives of Turkish culture and to classify them by comparing them with Russian gestures. While analyzing gestures, the principle of lacunarity, the absence of a phenomenon in a comparable language, was taken into account. The material of the study was the observation of the process of communication of representatives of various cultures with native speakers of the Turkish language, an analysis of literature, from which one could draw descriptions of certain gestures, materials of modern media. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of two languages in an asynchronous context. The study of gestures led to the following results: 1) the vast majority of gestures are lacunas (which have no analogs in another culture) for a representative of Russian culture; 2) gestures close in execution have distinctive features that do not allow them to be equated to Russian gestures in full. The possible coincidence of gestures in the aspect of execution, an increase in the number of borrowed gestures from Western cultures, once again proves that it is a nonverbal culture that is a ‘living substance’, influenced by cultural and socio-political changes in society. Nevertheless, in spite of this, today it is possible to establish and describe purely Turkish gestures, which are an integral part of communication with representatives of Turkish culture.

386-391

Authors: Ashurova D.

The article deals with the problems of the category of informativity of fictional texts, types of information, and the cognitive principles of distributing information in the text. The cognitive principles of iconicity, relevance, linguistic economy and redundancy, their verbalization in the fictional text are being discussed. The fictional text is characterized by two opposite tendencies. On the one hand, it tends to linguistic economy, on the other — to linguistic redundancy; both tendencies being equally important for the category of informativity.

21-28

Authors: Dziuba M., Navrotskaya I., Brovko R., Doluda V.

The universally depleting reserves of traditional hydrocarbons require the development of a technology for producing synthetic hydrocarbons from renewable sources or human waste. Currently, among the possible methods for producing synthetic hydrocarbons, it is necessary to note the Fischer–Tropsch method and the method of methanol/dimethyl ether catalytic transformation. Moreover, the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas — the Fischer–Tropsch method, is suitable for the production of linear hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons synthesis using methanol/dimethyl ether is suitable for the production of olefins, branched paraffin, aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the synthesis conditions, it is possible to preferentially obtain a certain type of hydrocarbon, which significantly increases the value of this process. In this article modification of zeolite type H-ZSM-5 with zinc is studied in order to increase the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. Zeolite in acid form was treated with zinс acetate solutions of different concentrations, followed by calcination of the samples. The efficiency of the catalysts was studied in a flow tube reactor set-up, and the surface acidity of the samples was also determined. An increase in the zinc content in zeolite contributed to a decrease in the acidity of the samples and modification of their active centers. However, at high zinc content, a separate oxide phase forms, which contributes to a slight increase in acidity. Modification of zeolite with zinc leads to a decrease in the rate of transformation of dimethyl ether and the rate of liquid hydrocarbons formation. However, a general decrease in acidity and modification of zeolite with zinc contributes to a significant decrease in the amount of heavy aromatic compounds formed, with an increase in the amount of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons being formed.

38-45

Authors: Gendugov T., Glushko A., Chiriapkin A., Chiriapkin V.

The article considers the study in silico of the affinity of 3-[2-oxo-2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone (VMA-10-21 compound) to the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA А receptor by molecular docking method. The computational experiment was carried out using a set of Autodock programs. As a result, the method for predicting the affinity of the simulated compounds to the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA A receptor was developed. The highest correlation coefficient between the PKI value and the average docking energy in the benzodiazepine binding site (0.54) was obtained using a set of amino acids Tyr 58 and Tyr 159. The predicted Ki value of the VMA-10-21 compound is 2.864 nM, which suggests a high affinity of the studied compound to this receptor.

53-57

Authors: Ibadullayeva, S., & Alakbarov, R.

New for the flora of Azerbaijan species Salvia modesta Boiss. Was found for the first time during the expeditions in the vicinity of Agbulag, Kyulyus, Bicheneg (Batabat plateau) villages of Shahbaz district of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan under floristic, geobotanical and ethnobotanical studies. Bioecological and phenomenological features of the species were studied, and location coordinates were determined.

63-73

Authors: Mammadov G., Sultanov E., Agabalaev F.

Discusses aspects of the environmental assessment of biocenoses in protected areas of the country. Due to the high anthropogenic press, there is a need for an environmental assessment of soil and vegetation cover and avifauna in specific changing environmental conditions in Altyaghach National Park. As a result of studies on various parameters, estimated ecological scales were compiled for the soil, vegetation cover, and for the avifauna of this territory. Based on the compiled scales, ecological assessments for biotopes were calculated. The highest average ecological value is estimated for the residential biotope 87, and the lowest in the mountain–steppe biotope 62, for the dense forest biotope 82 and 69 for the woodland forest. The Altyaghach National Park has an average ecological rating of 89 for the land cover, 68 for the vegetation cover, and 69 for the avifauna. The total ecological assessment based on the three ecosystem components throughout the Altyaghach National Park is an average of 75 points.

83-88

Authors: Ashrapov A., Yuldoshev Kh., Kamilov B.

Embryonic development of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was studied; the species was introduced from China to Uzbekistan in the early 1960s. More than 10 generation changes were taken place in local conditions. Artificial reproduction by using gonadotropic stimulation of ripening and egg incubation is the main method to provide reproduction of the species in the country. Embryonic development passed normally. A larvae hatching occurs after 32 hours after fertilization at water temperature 21–23 °C, the transition to mixed feeding of larvae after 4 days, to exogenous feeding after 5 days. The embryonic development rate is some higher than in the 1960–1980s in local conditions and higher than in the river Yangtze. Construction of water supply in hatchery provides a more stable water temperature without noticeable changes in the night.

97-104

Authors: Stepanov N., Duvayarov Z., Bystrova I., Chepaikina T., Kostrova V.

The prevalence and incidence of prostate cancer are gradually increasing both in our country and in countries near and far abroad. The difficulties in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer are convincingly evidenced by the fact that the level of diagnostic errors reaches 40%. It should be noted that in assessing the differential diagnostic capabilities of the indicators of the clinical and special examination methods for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, disagreements were found in 46–77% of the analyzed clinical signs, the changes of which mainly reflect the negative nature of the effect of tumor decay products on the patient’s body. The aim of the study was to improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer by using the mathematical method of differential diagnosis of prostate pathology, as well as the rationale for the proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with clinical symptoms. Using our proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer makes the diagnosis not only reliable and accurate but also independent of the level of qualification of the urologist and his personal experience, allows you to unify, optimize and personify the differential diagnosis of prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer.

113-119

Authors: Maimerova G., Vychigzhanina N., Kondratieva E.

The article presents the results of 92 preterm infants with various pathological conditions (study group) and 28 “conditionally healthy” preterm infants (control group). Bacteriological inoculation in premature infants was performed on the 1-7th day of life. To establish the features of the formation of intestinal microflora of a premature newborn in various pathological conditions in the early neonatal period.

128-136

Authors: Matkeeva A., Kondratieva E.

The article studies the mechanisms of various types of formation of somatic diseases that underwent perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. And also, the study included 30 children with attention deficit disorder with hyperreactivity in combination with various somatic diseases aged 6 to 8 years and a control group of 30 children (children’s health). The study concluded that the severity of disorders depends on the level of neuropsychic development. Children showed high morbidity, delayed maturation of bioelectrical activity of the brain, impaired autoregulation of cerebral circulation, tension and overstrain of autonomic regulation, imbalance of the immune system, reflecting the immaturity of the central, autonomic nervous, immune system.

147-152

Authors: Jiemuratova G., Janabaeva G., Otekeeva S.

The review highlights the state of the skin as an organ of immunogenic due to the presence in it of various populations of immunocompetent cells: T-, B-lymphocytes, NK- and dendritic cells, which are so important for the development of the immune response. This gives the skin the opportunity to perform a number of physiological functions important for the body: recognition of antigenic material and its elimination, extrathymic differentiation of immature cells into T-lymphocytes, immunological surveillance of tumor cells and others. The variety of cells included in the immune system of the skin, as well as the diversity of their functions, explain the fact that at the skin level, all types of immunopathological syndromes (immunodeficiency, autoimmune, allergic, lymphoproliferative) can occur.

157-162

Authors: Utepbergenova, G., Kalenderova, G., & Tursynbekova, H.

A review of the literature on the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis, physical activity of patients, its role in the development of functional problems that cause restriction of life and decrease in the quality of life, as well as the effectiveness of physical exercise (exercise therapy, physical therapy) in the treatment of this pathology. Particular attention is paid to the good tolerability of exercise therapy, which some authors call additional treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, improving the functional state, but not affecting the course and outcome of the disease.

184-194

Authors: Akpysharov N.

Mental disorders are an acute public health problem in the WHO European region, affecting 25% of the entire population every year. WHO activities in the area of mental health promotion at the level of individuals and society as a whole are aimed at improving human mental well-being, preventing mental disorders, protecting human rights and caring for people with mental disorders. The WHO European Conference on Mental Health (2005), 66th Session of the World Health Assembly (2013), 63rd Session of the WHO European Regional Committee (2013) have focused on mental health. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the State policy to change the system of assistance to persons with mental disabilities, to establish a unified mental health service and to change the attitude of society towards mental health and the mentally ill is reflected in the National Program Mental health of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2001–2010, the National Health Reform Program of the Kyrgyz Republic Den Sooluk for 2012–2018, for the Sustainable Development Goals up to 2030, adopted at the Summit by UN members, the Program for Mental Health Protection of the Population of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2018-2030. Given the negative trends in the mental health care system, an important element in addressing the shortcomings is the increased use of new institutional forms of mental health care, such as the Medical Rehabilitation Unit, Intensive Mental Health Care Unit, Psychiatric Dispensaries and Outpatient Psychiatric Rooms, in dispensary monitoring. Priority in the further development of psychiatric care should be given to the most effective and less costly forms of its provision, ahead of the development of outpatient level, inter-agency interaction, and integration of psychiatric service with other levels of regional health and social protection.

203-210

Authors: Pechenkina V., Boronnikova S.

Monitoring of potato varieties phytosanitary status is a necessary measure of its stable yield since due to the vegetative propagation method, the accumulation of viruses increases over generations. Fourteen varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. grown in the Perm Territory were studied for infection with the potato viruses PVX (X) and PVY (Y). Among the six (Rosara, Impala, Aladdin, Lady Claire, Gala, Madeira) are varieties of foreign selection, and 8 varieties (Golubizna, Udacha, Krasavchik, Charodei, Nevsky, Otrada, Tescha, Elizaveta) — domestic selection. A real-time PCR method was used for material investigation since it allows quick and efficient evaluation of plant material for the presence of viral infection. During real-time PCR Y, potato virus was detected in all 90 samples of 14 studied potato varieties from three storage locations. Potato X virus was detected in 54 samples of 11 studied potato varieties from three different storage locations. It was established that the studied planting material of all 14 varieties of potatoes is infected with the Y virus, which affects crop yields to a greater extent. Private households are most susceptible to infection of planting material with X and Y potato viruses. Recommendations are given on reducing the viral diseases of potato planting material.

217-223

Authors: Mustafayev Z.

The article presents the general physical and geographical location of the terrain, geomorphological and geological structure, climatic condition, soil and vegetation cover of the Lesser Caucasus, the results of soil microorganisms of gray-brown (Kastanozems) soils under grain are considered and analyzed. The studies were conducted in 2018–2019. in the field and in the laboratory by conventional methods. It was found that the number of aerobic diazotrophs in the rhizosphere from May to July varies considerably. Changes depend on crop development and the greatest number and activity were observed in June. Activation of bacteria in agro phytocoenosis winter grain falls on the dairy phase and waxy hundred related to high soil moisture and temperature.

233-238

Authors: Erlygina E., Shalimova T.

The article considers ways to manage the innovative adaptation of agro-industrial enterprises, taking into account the innovative susceptibility. Innovative susceptibility is considered as the most important characteristic that allows us to judge the readiness of the enterprise to changes and adaptability to new conditions of the economic environment. Prospects of development of agro-defined innovation activity due to the need to increase demand and increased competition.

244-248

Authors: Erlygina E., Yamanov A.

The article discusses the features of the marketing system in the agricultural sector. The features of the marketing system in the agro-industrial complex are closely related to the features of agriculture, the ongoing natural and economic processes, as well as the variety of organizational forms of management. The article deals with the tasks and functions of marketing in agricultural enterprises, reveals the problems, and suggests ways to solve them.

257-266

Authors: Burdinov D.

The stages of the water life cycle are considered not only in the water supply system but also in the water disposal system. The pros and cons of various methods of disinfecting freshwater are examined. Particular attention is paid to the problems of water reserves not only in Russia but also in the world. The problems of the water supply and sewage system in Russia are considered. Examples of solutions to these problems are provided.

276-279

Authors: Gofman M., Mauru Z.

The article discusses modern technologies for the reconstruction of buildings and structures. Innovative materials used in the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures are presented. Their structure and properties are described. Their advantages and disadvantages are given.

286-290

Authors: Tsukanov V., Burdinov D.

Currently, in cities, there is a problem of a deficit of territories for residential development. Given the problems of natural nature and the limitations of urban standards, the solution to this problem is the reconstruction of existing multi-story residential buildings. This technology to strengthen the housing stock will solve social, economic, and urban problems. Today, there are a number of technological solutions that have already been put into practice and are used with varying degrees of prevalence on the territory of the Russian Federation. These methods have their characteristic technical features and are discussed in detail in this article.

295-300

Authors: Karanova, V., & Sebeleva, A.

Currently, in Russian cities, a significant part of the housing stock in the areas of existing development has a high level of physical and moral wear and tear. Reconstruction of residential buildings will not only extend the life cycle but also significantly improve the quality of housing, equip homes with modern engineering equipment, improve the architectural expressiveness of buildings, and increase their energy efficiency.

305-309

Authors: Grigorenko A., Gandilyan D.

The reconstruction of buildings and their stages are considered. The process is aimed at changing the characteristics of the structure, its layout, and its purpose. This is a complex procedure that requires a certain amount of time and training to complete it. It is necessary to take into account all the factors that can affect it, to prepare and implement the project itself.

318-325

Authors: Karimov B.

The article reveals the advantages and disadvantages of using medium-term planning of the state budget in the practice of foreign countries. The importance of medium-term planning of the state budget is justified in order to implement state priorities, minimize costs, and increase the efficiency of budget expenditures.

346-355

Authors: Nakonechnaya T., Artemyeva, D., Elizarieva, A., & Stepanova, N.

The history of the emergence of outsourcing in the world and its appearance in Russia is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of using outsourcing are analyzed. The assessment of the opportunities and prospects of outsourcing in the field of accounting services in Russia. In conclusion, it is concluded that outsourcing can improve the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole and use the freed-up organizational, financial and human resources to develop new areas or concentrate efforts that do not require increased attention.

362-366

Authors: Najimov I.

In the innovative development of the economy of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the building materials industry has a special priority. The paper considers the most important factors for the sustainable development of this industry. It is determined that it is the basis for subsequent work to ensure the effective innovative development of enterprises in the industry under study.

374-381

Authors: Lazareva A., Goncharov A., Kvasnikova T.

We study such a characteristic of criminal behavior as the emotional state of the guilty person at the time the crime was committed, namely, the state of sudden strong emotional disturbance, which was called “affect” in psychology and psychiatry. The effect is a multidimensional phenomenon that should be considered not only from the criminal law but also from a medical point of view. The analysis and generalization of the attributes of effect are important not only for theoretical research but also for solving issues of law enforcement practice.

388-392

Authors: Sutalinova N., Toktobaev B.

The article is devoted to the study of legal mechanisms for consolidating the principle of humanism in constitutional legislation. The authors, assuming that humanism as a universal, including legal category, is a fundamental guideline for the formation of the legal system of the state, explores the forms of expression of this principle through constitutional and legal norms. At the same time, the authors make the assumption that humanism, being a comprehensive category, sometimes does not receive that direct fixation in the norms of direct action, which he could count on, given the significance of this principle for the entire system of regulators. In this regard, the author sets himself the goal of exploring the mechanisms of legal formation that lead to the desired result of the formation of an array of legal norms that mediate the principle of humanism. To achieve this goal, the author used general and private scientific research methods, which allowed to come to a number of conclusions, including a certain degree of decorativeness in the legal consolidation of the principle of humanism, when it comes to constitutional and legal norms.

18-26

Authors: Mushinskii L., Navrotskaya I., Brovko R., Doluda V.

This paper presents a study of the kinetics of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in the presence of Ni-containing catalysts based on super-crosslinked polystyrene. Aniline hydrogenation is a complex multi-stage process accompanied by the formation of a large number of both intermediate and by-products, including azobenzene, azoxybenzene, nitrosobenzene, phenylhydroxylamine, and other substances. Therefore the study of the process kinetics is an important scientific and technical task necessary to increase the yield of the target product — aniline. The hydrogenation reaction of nitrobenzene was carried out in a six-cell high-pressure reactor Parr instruments, Series 5000. The products were analyzed by chromatography using a gas chromatograph Kristallux-4000M (Russia, Meta–Chrom). The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration of the catalyst was studied; optimal reaction conditions were selected that ensure the maximum yield of aniline. Investigation of the effect of the nitrobenzene initial concentration on the rate of its transformation shows that increase of catalyst to nitrobenzene ratio from 0.2 to 0.6 kg (Cat)/kg (NB) leads to a linear increase in the rate of transformation of nitrobenzene from 0.0002 kg (NB) / (kg (Cat)*s ) to 0.0028 kg(NB)/(kg(Cat)*s), a further increase in the ratio of catalyst concentration to nitrobenzene concentration to 1.2 kg (Cat)/kg(NB) leads to stabilization of the nitrobenzene transformation rate at the level of 0.003 kg(NB)/(kg(Cat)*s). An increase in the temperature of the reaction from 90 to 160 °C contributes to a significant increase in the nitrobenzene transformation rate. The constructed dependencies made it possible to calculate the apparent activation energy of the process, which amounted to be 50.4 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor, which amounted to be 15821.1 1/s. The applicability of the Langmuir–Henschelwood model to describe the basic kinetic laws of the reaction of catalytic nitrobenzene hydrogenation with the formation of aniline is studied. Numerical methods in the Matlab software allows to determine the values of preexponential factors and activation energies of the nitrobenzene hydrogenation processes, adsorption of nitrobenzene and adsorption of hydrogen, which made it possible to establish the optimal area of nitrobenzene hydrogenation process of hydrogenation of Pн2 = 15–18 atm, C(NB) = 1.2 kg(NB)/kg(Cat), t =115–120 °C providing maximum speed.

37-40

Authors: Rzayeva A.

The article provides some information about spore-forming bacteria (bacilli) and micromycetes of natural (virgin) stenosis under herbaceous vegetation and agrocenosis (cereals). It was established that in both senses there are 3 strains of spore-forming bacteria and 4 strains of micromycetes. Bacilli and micromycetes actively decompose complex polysaccharides to monosaccharides, which are easily absorbed by plants. Bacilli and micromycetes have a strong enzymatic effect on plant residues, transforming decomposition products in the process of humus formation. Together with invertebrate animals, they are included in the decomposition chain of phytomass residues. Bacilli and micromycetes, being active under mesophilic conditions, are also significant in arid soils.

58-65

Authors: Mammadova Z.

During the study of seed productivity in species of leguminous plants Vicia sativa L., V. crocea Desf., V. alpestris Stev., V. sepium L., Medicago glutinosa Bieb., Astragalus glycyphyllus L., A. falcatus Lam., A. aduncus L., A. kubensis Grossh. and Trifolium caucasicum Tausch. Studied at the level of cenopopulation in the area of different botanical geographical districts of Azerbaijan Republic the highest value has been observed in T. caucasicum Tausch. species (Cp=0.80), and the lowest values in A. glycyphyllus L. (Cp=0.43) and A. aduncus L. (Cp=0.43). By studying seed productivity of leguminous crops, it is possible to achieve significant results in the development of animal husbandry in the country, including the provision of food security.

74-80

Authors: Kantsavaya I., Nikitin A., Tankevich E., Sidareika Yu.

The work examines the number of the main physiological groups of microorganisms in the peat soil of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Methods: Koch cup method, agrochemical methods, γ-spectrometry, statistical analysis. An analysis of the numbers of the main physiological groups of microorganisms showed that a peat soil sample II, which was characterized by a lower level of contamination with technogenic radionuclides as compared to sample I, contains a smaller amount of ammonifying and phosphate — mobilizing bacteria, as well as micromycetes, respectively, more than 2–20 times compared with sample I. For the remaining studied groups of microorganisms in sample II, in comparison with the sample I was noted an excess of the number of microorganisms by less than 1.5 times. For this soil sample, the largest number is typical for autochthonous microorganisms, then in a row with decreasing numbers are presented: amylolytic, oligonitrophilic, spore ammonifiers, cellulose–destroying aerobic bacteria. It was established that the peat soil of the sample plot I am characterized by a greater degree of enrichment of the soil with microorganisms. This is due, firstly, with an increased water content in the peat sample I (up to 90%) that promotes rapid growth soil microorganism’s population; secondly, it is determined by a large number of plant roots. The density of peat soil radionuclide contamination to a lesser extent affects the quantitative content of most of the physiological groups of microorganisms studied in it.

93-98

Authors: Emilbekov M.

The article presents the results of conservative treatment in 35 patients with the diagnosis of Torticollis, who was hospitalized at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. For 2 years, these patients received regular conservative therapy and were registered. 16 (65%) had good results, and 9 (35%) had satisfactory results. To support the results of treatment, 82% of patients needed to continue treatment with conservative methods for another 1.0–1.5 years.

106-111

Authors: Shaiderova I.

The article presents a comparative analysis of indicators of electromechanical activity and cardiohemodynamics in children of the first 3 years of life, patients with recurrent bronchitis. The direction and frequency of changes in the electro– and echocardiogram in sick children in the age aspect were determined.

118-123

Authors: Satarkulova A.

Prenosological assessment of the functional state of students studying in different climatic and geographical conditions is a very important task since it allows timely detection of conditions that precede pathologies in students and contributes to the preservation of health. Goal. Study of the state of the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system in foreign students living and studying in the midlands. Materials and methods. The study involved 342 first- and third-year students aged 20.0±1.9 years from India. The survey was carried out in the conditions of the low mountains (760 m above sea level, control group) and the midlands (1650 m above sea level). The main time and spectral parameters of HRV were recorded within 5 minutes using the hardware and software complex Psychophysiologist. Results. The comparative assessment showed that students living in the conditions of the midlands had low values of SDNN, TP, VLF, LF and HF and high indicators of Amo, HR, SI, which indicates the predominance of central regulatory mechanisms and the shift of the vegetative balance towards the sympathetic link in this group. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the spectral and temporal parameters of HRV in midlands students characterize the idea of a regulatory and adaptive state of the body, in which energy and metabolic resources are activated, primarily the circulatory system, aimed at maintaining homeostasis in changing environmental conditions.

130-134

Authors: Tashpolotov K.

The article describes the judgment on the nature of living-related transplantation. We must proceed from the fact that any patient who is doomed to death, while breathing, remains a person aimed at the future. With a related organ transplant, doctors act morally, but with elements of error. And if you take into account the fact those doctors have an alternative way — transplantation of organs taken from a corpse; that is, in a linear order, then they would act morally without any reservations. In moral matters, doctors should strive for an affordable optimum, guided by moral responsibility.

147-152

Authors: Babaev F.

In the general structure of chronic renal failure, up to 40% is terminal chronic renal failure requiring replacement renal therapy, particularly hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Azerbaijan has an annual increase in the number of patients with chronic renal failure by 10–12 percent. In 2006, the State Program of Measures for Chronic Renal Failure 2006–2011 was adopted to reduce the prevalence and improve the quality of treatment for chronic renal failure. The implementation of this program allowed to create a state register of patients with chronic renal failure, expand the network of hemodialysis centers, increase availability in medicines, use modern methods of early diagnosis and prevention of chronic renal failure. In order to further improve nephrological assistance, the second stage of the State Program for the Reduction of Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Azerbaijan for 2011–2016 years has been adopted. The effectiveness of the Program to reduce chronic renal insufficiency in Azerbaijan has been demonstrated by the improvement of the quality of medical care, the increase in life expectancy, and the reduction of mortality. It should be noted that thanks to this program, the number of patients receiving hemodialysis per 21.0–25.0% increases annually. In 2010, the Republican Clinical Urological Hospital opened a kidney transplant center. The main objectives of the Program are to reduce mortality from chronic renal failure, Increasing hemodialysis centers according to the number of patients with chronic renal failure and kidney transplant operations. In 2016, the State Program of chronic renal failure for 2016–2020 was adopted. Some progress has been made during the implementation of the State Program. In many parts of Azerbaijan, the population is provided with dialysis assistance free of charge from the State budget. By January 1, 2020, there are 3 kidney transplantation centers and 45 hemodialysis centers equipped with 716 dialysis devices.

173-180

Authors: Ganiyeva S.

The morphogenetic analysis of the soils in the Absheron administrative region was analyzed, the peculiarity of the ecological factors affecting the formation of physical, physicochemical characters was given. The composition of soil fund is analyzed. An area of clayey, heavy, average, light clayey, sandy soils was calculated. The land grouping was performed for soil profile density. The analysis was performed on administrative–zone units of the areas in the agricultural places (tillage, perennial planting, pastures, and hayfield), the distribution legislation of the land property forms were studied.

192-197

Authors: Achundova S.

The bioecological potential and resource potential of feed plants distributed on the pastures of the North-Eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus are studied. 440 Angiosperms species belonging to 171 genera and 27 families have been identified in the flora of the territory. The biological resources relatively wet and dry mass of some species were calculated in different years and were found the reserves of the Lotus corniculatus L., Dactylis glomerata L., Anthyllis lachnophora Juz. and Urtica dioica L. species respectively — 246.55 (59.2%); 198.0 (45.5%); 149.53 (32.9%); 135.4 (28.4%) centners on ha. For farmers advisable to use both dry and wet messes to enrich the diet of animals. So, the yield of each species in 2019 increased compared to 2017–2018 years. Indicators of feed value were also analyzed to assess the feed value of these species, common among the meadow vegetation types. The species Dactylis glomerata L. should be distinguished according to the highest dry weight and crude protein (18.0%), and Lotus corniculatus L. — by the feed unit (0.22). Cultivate the highest yielding fodder plants and studies the indicators of fodder quality are necessary for accelerating the development of animal husbandry and obtain high-quality animal products.

205-213

Authors: Epimakhov V., Sarukhanov V.

In order to prevent the development of pathological processes in the body of farm animals, the intravital determination of the content of heavy metals in organs and tissues is relevant. The state of the solution to this problem is considered. A description is given of various approaches that allow testing the content of heavy metals in animals, assessing and adjusting the environmental safety of livestock products.

223-231

Authors: Liu Z., Zhou Y., Golyanin A.

Recently, more and more scholars have devoted themselves to researching new methods of vibration reduction and noise reduction by manipulating the elastic waves in the structure to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction and noise reduction. To this end, a new type of ‘acoustic black hole’ structure is proposed, which reduces structural vibration while avoiding problems such as mass increase. In this paper, the vibration damping performance of the structure is mainly calculated by finite element software, and the energy concentration effect of the thin plate containing the acoustic black hole is verified by finite element analysis. A thin plate structure with four acoustic black holes is proposed. The calculation shows that the structure has an obvious vibration reduction effect, and the vibration reduction effect can reach more than 20dB at high frequency.

252-256

Authors: Aldasheva, N.

This article investigated and determined the specific surface area of artificial graphite for adsorption through a methylene blue solution. The study showed that the specific surface area of graphite adsorption obtained from coal from the Uzgen deposit in Kyrgyzstan for methylene blue is 599.4 m2/g and this is very close to the performance of activated carbons. The specific surface area of artificial graphite obtained from coal from the Uzgen deposit for adsorption activity was determined by titration of a suspension with a methylene blue indicator solution.

264-271

Authors: Zainutdinov Sh., Ashurov Z., Nurimbenov R.

In all countries of the world, the standard of living of the population remains the most acute economic problem. This paper discusses the issues and factors of improving the living standards of the population, it highlights the issues of demography, population growth, consumption growth, resource endowment, consumer baskets, consumer ability and purchasing power of the population, what is expected for a standard of living in the long term — for the millennium, the approaches to this issue of the UN and leading international organizations.

288-293

Authors: Shvaiba D.

Considering the role of the trade union movement in Belarus in the current specific historical conditions, their place in civil society of the future and the ability to exist in the long term, and in particular the conclusions that will be drawn from the results of the analysis directly depend on the personality of the researcher, to set a not simple task, its potential of knowledge and experience. That is why the presented arguments and conclusions do not claim to be absolutely true, but at the same time form the outline of the study, making this topic less vague for further research.

303-308

Authors: Matrizayeva D.

The main goal of the article is to analyze the successful optimization of the issue under consideration in accordance with the general goals of management through innovation. The study of the theory and practice of innovation management in industrial enterprises, as one of the main directions of increasing competitiveness in a market economy. The data presented in this article show the possibilities of ensuring sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan. Discusses modern skills and effective management in companies to ensure appropriate competencies in the national economy.

315-321

Authors: Kalmuratov B.

At present, there is no single state policy for the development of the building materials industry, including innovation. In this regard, it is necessary to form a strategic approach to the innovative building materials industry. The formation of a regional construction cluster will allow us to link the development of the industry in question with the priorities of state policy, as well as the interests of other participants in the construction complex and the scientific base.

332-369

Authors: Nemtsov A.

This article is a continuation, the second part of the publication Cultural and historical attitudes of students of humanitarian and technical specializations. It presents and analyzes the results obtained by the implementation of shortened and expanded versions of the questionnaire aimed at studying the perception of students of the period of existence, causes, and consequences of the collapse of the USSR. The basic ideas of students about the possibility of a similar negative scenario for modern Russia are also considered. The factors associated with the degree of stability of certain cultural and historical attitudes of students are analyzed. The main potential lines of confrontation are outlined, as well as possible areas of compromise. An attempt is made to correlate the obtained data with modern theoretical approaches to the studied problem.

381-387

Authors: Kurbatova V.

The article discusses the basic psychological characteristics of a person and character, characteristic of representatives of Jewish nationality, whose life and professional fate has developed in Russia. Preserving their national characteristics, they were forced to interact with a new culture and mentality, modifying some of their personality traits.

394-400

Authors: Shvets L.

This article describes the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the representatives of the Lezgin ethnic group. Moral–ethical foundations of interaction within the Lezgin ethnic group, gender norms in ethnic culture, features of parent-child relationships, and psychological characteristics of representatives of a given people were described. Also, based on cultural and ethnic features, assumptions were made regarding possible options for experiencing extreme situations.

405-410

Authors: Aliev I.

This article highlights current issues of the organization of distance learning and its role in the educational policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The role of this form of education as a factor in improving the quality of education in higher education is considered. One of the factors for improving the quality of education in the system of higher professional education is the widespread adoption of modern information technologies, including multimedia and virtual. Modern information technologies in combination with pedagogical technologies can significantly increase the effectiveness of the educational process; to achieve a solution to the main problem: the development of cognitive skills of students, critical and creative thinking, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate in the information space.

416-421

Authors: Azimbaeva R.

The purpose of this study is to consider the effectiveness of using interactive technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language at a higher educational institution. The principal result of our research is the analysis of the influence of using interactive techniques on acquiring communicative competence and personal development of students. The major conclusions estimate the significance of applying interactive technologies in learning process.

428-433

Authors: Isamukhamedova M., Tukhtabaeva Z.

It is widely known that enhancement of the system of teaching foreign languages can be achieved by introducing progressive teaching methods as well as using modern teaching and information–communication technologies thus enabling them to access the achievements of the world civilization and globally available information resources, ensuring international collaboration and communication. Nowadays, culture is playing an important role in foreign language teaching and learning, therefore, a lot of researches has been done in this field in recent years. It has been recognized that a language is used as the main medium through which culture is expressed. It is believed that students are aware of language rules but are not always capable enough to use the language sufficiently as they do not have a sound knowledge of the target culture. Nevertheless, “pure information” is insight; while the development of people’s cultural understanding leads them to better critical thinking. There are ample methodologies for developing learners’ intercultural competence. The present study also seeks the ways of developing a model of blended learning course on intercultural communication.

438-443

Authors: Parpieva N., Yakubova U., Mirkhodjaeva N.

Mathematics acts as the basic subject of higher education. Most students around the world, particularly in this study, in Uzbekistan, sometimes lack the motivation to be good at mathematical disciplines. The work presented in this article is aimed to promote the development of new teaching and learning methods by using modern digital technologies, in order to encourage studying mathematics.

453-459

Authors: Brattsev M., Shimichev A.

The article discusses the issue of achieving secondary school students’ personal learning outcomes using pedagogical technology of critical thinking development in foreign language classes. They are determined the advantages of this technology in comparison with traditional training. Analyze the requirements of normative documents in relation to the personal results of the educational process, they are summarized in three groups: self-determination, semantic formation, and moral and ethical orientation. The prerequisites and personal qualities of students necessary for the development of critical thinking are established. It is presented a three-stage model for the implementation of the critical thinking development technology in teaching foreign languages which includes the stages of challenge, comprehension, and reflection.

465-473

Authors: Yakovleva, E.

The article traces dynamics of the share of first-year students using an intra-extramural form of study at the Nizhnekamsk Chemical Technological Institute of Kazan National Research Technological University. The advantages and disadvantages of bachelor training in an intraan extramural form of study are considered. The author dwells on the extension of students’ age brackets which is common for our country in recent years. Defining characteristics of teaching adults are revealed. Possible directions of organizational and methodological improvement of intraan extramural form of study in terms of professional training of bachelors in a higher educational institution are featured. The main aims solved by a lecturer are defined. Special attention is paid to developing the methodology of conducting micro-seminars during laboratory classes in physics which contributes to the active independent cognitive activity of students. Attention is drawn to the need for effective supervision during the midterm assessment.

480-483

Authors: Petrov I.

Since its inception, sociology has focused on the analysis of cultural patterns, patterns of functioning and development of society, and the search for optimal solutions to various socio-cultural problems. The article deals with the interpretation of culture based on its value understanding. Today, the axiological approach continues to play an important role in the sociology of culture. This allows us to study the structure of social values, as well as the dominant value orientations of diverse social groups, not only in the sphere of culture but also in other areas of society. Based on these studies, practical recommendations can be developed on a wide range of cultural issues — from the moral education of young people to the optimization of the activities of certain socio-cultural institutions.

488-504

Authors: Glushchenko, V.

The subject of the article is the development of scientific theory, technological paradigms and research directions of its practical application, the object of study is technological way as a socio-economic and technological phenomenon, the aim of this work is to optimize the process of crisis management by accelerating the formation of the sixth technological structure in the economy to achieve this goal the following tasks: research the features and roles (entity) technological system in the real economy and social life; the scientific methods of the article are philosophy and methodology of science, functional and decomposition representation of complex systems, algebra of logic, search and normative forecasting, heuristic forecasting, expert methods, system approach, system analysis and synthesis, the scientific novelty of the work is associated with the development of the scientific theory of technological systems and the study of its practical use.

516-522

Authors: Grudeva E.

The article is based on the materials of a comprehensive study of the concepts summer and autumn from the point of view of their perception by representatives of Russian and English linguistic cultures. This paper shows the features of the paradigmatic relations of Russian and English concept summer. The study was built on the identification of synonymous (quasi-synonymous), antonymic, (hypo) hyperonymic, or genus-species relationships, as well as the incompatibility relations of this concept. The study is based on the materials of the explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian and English languages; illustrative material was taken from the National Corpus of the Russian language and the British National Corpus. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the paradigmatic explication of the content of the concept summer most clearly actualizes only one of the four previously identified cognitive features of the concept, namely the sign ‘time of year, season’.

527-531

Authors: Tursunova M.

This article compares three prominent villains — Macbeth, Brutus, and Iago in three famous tragedies: Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and Othello by William Shakespeare according to the terms of intelligence and devilry. These two main aspects are considered for the analysis to find the main similarities and differences and categorize their villainy on the basis of devilry.

536-541

Authors: Eltuzerova G.

The article is devoted to the actual problems of the modern Kyrgyz language. The main object of the research is the study of the semantics of symbolic gestures and the facial expressions of a literary text in the linguistic aspect. The semantics of symbolic gestures and facial expressions in the literary text in the transmission of information is analyzed on the basis of the example of an excerpt of the texts of the Broken Sword novel by T. Kasymbekov. The results of the study based on the interpretation of symbolic national facial expressions and gestures in the linguistic aspect.

562-569

Authors: Mukhamedova Sh.

The article considers the Holocaust reflection in world literature and popular authors as the best painters of the Holocaust repressions. Naturally, the Holocaust is a trauma which cannot ever be restored, a gap that cannot be bridged. Down to the present day, this remains an important topic for discussion. Despite the overwhelming persecution and death that surrounded the Jewish nation, hundreds of thousands of Jews survived the nightmare of the Holocaust. In order to integrate the past in their lives, survivors want to testify and/or write down their experiences. These stories of survival provide the only glimpse of ‘goodness’ that comes from the terrible story of the Holocaust. It proves that, even in history’s darkest hour, there was a glimmer of hope; that in a world that seemed to be falling apart, good still had the capacity to overcome evil. All stories written on the destiny and sufferings of the Jewish nation are worth analysis. However, we took only those which are in the form of confession. The chosen novels can be classified by the types of the central heroes and heroes have been divided into subgroups according to their age, nation, and, of course, the gender. The article aims to reaffirm the importance of the novels by using three literary approaches — historical, biographical, and social. The biographical approach is taken for the analysis to identify the link between the work and the authors, who build a story on the basis of their own memories and real-life experience. Furthermore, the socio-historical problems highlighted in the novels are very relevant, since they still exist in modern societies in one or another form. The article reflects how even one novel encompasses morality, dignity, humanity issues and at the same time reveals the author’s position related to the indifference of the world regarding cruelty and evading responsibility for anti-human crimes along with how to avoid them in the near future.

576-580

Authors: Gulyamova, O.

The article discusses some aspects of the methods for translating phraseological and metaphorical combinations and idioms from English into Russian and Uzbek. In particular, the question arises of the equivalent reproduction of the semantics of figurative phraseological units, the question of choice depending on the context conditions is the possibility of preference for the image existing in the language of translation due to the loss of a national–ethnic component, or, on the contrary, refusal to use phraseological units of the translated language due to differences in emotionally stylistic characteristic.