Bulletin of Science and Practice

. 265-273

Authors: Shi YuanYuan, Niu XiaoXiao, Zhang XiangChen, Wang ZhiLei.

In the research and test of diesel engine, because the performance test of multi cylinder engine with different configuration needs to be replaced, and there is a certain risk in the first test, while the single cylinder engine is more suitable for the research and test of different configurations because of its simple structure and convenient replacement of components. Therefore, by comparing the differences of combustion state between single cylinder engine and multi cylinder engine with the same configuration, the change law of performance characteristics of single cylinder engine and multi cylinder engine under different working conditions is confirmed. By analyzing the difference of emission performance of single cylinder engine with different configuration, the emission performance of multi cylinder engine under different configuration is predicted. The research in this paper has important significance for further research and test of diesel engine.

23-30

Authors: Sidorov A., Molchanov V., Mushinskii L., Brovko R.

The t-plot method is a well-known method for determining the volumes of micro-and/or mesoporous materials and the specific surface area of a sample by comparison with a reference adsorption isotherm of a non-porous material having a similar surface chemical composition. The article describes the applicability of the t-graph method to the analysis of the surface properties of zinc modified samples of zeolite H-ZSM-5 before and after the reactions of methanol transformation into hydrocarbons occur on them. Zeolites are widely used as catalysts in the petrochemical and refining industries. These materials contain active Bronsted acid sites, distributed within the microporous structure of zeolites, which leads to selective catalysis due to the difference in the pore shape of the zeolites used. The size, shape of the zeolite catalyst determines the catalytic performance in terms of both product selectivity and catalyst deactivation. In most zeolite catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion reactions, catalyst activity is lost due to carbon deposition. In this connection, the determination of the surface properties of zeolites is an important task that contributes to the disclosure of the physicochemical essence of the process of deactivation of zeolites. The recalculation of nitrogen adsorption isotherms using the t-plot model made it possible to determine the volume of micro and mesopores. Based on the t-graph data, it can be concluded that during the transformation of methanol into hydrocarbons, carbon accumulates on the surface of the zeolite. In this case, the predominant deposition of carbon on the surface of mesopores, due to the fact that in the process of decontamination, from 61 to 73% of the volume of mesopores is lost. The number of micropores also decreases, but the share of losses is 42–54%, which is 10–15% lower compared to the loss of mesopore volume.

40-46

Authors: Mikhailov S., Brovko R., Mushinskii L., Sulman M.

The presented article is devoted to thermodynamic calculations of the N-methyl-D-glucosimine reversible formation reaction, an intermediate product for N-methyl-D-glucosamine synthesis, which is widely used in pharmaceutical practice as a ballast or counterion that improves the bioavailability of the main active substance. N-methyl-D-glucosimine is synthesized as a result of the interaction of D-glucose with methylamine in organic solvents, the reaction is reversible, and the yield of the target product depends entirely on the reaction conditions. The use of thermodynamic calculations makes it possible to evaluate the influence of the chemical process conditions on the yield of target products, which in turn contributes to a deeper understanding of the chemical reactions mechanisms. In chemical equilibrium, direct and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates, while the concentrations of products and reagents remain constant. When the reaction proceeds in a closed system, after a certain time, a state of equilibrium occurs, while the reaction does not proceed with a complete transformation of the reagents. This article presents the results of thermodynamic calculations of the reaction for the synthesis of N-methyl-D-glucosimine by the Van Kravlen – Cheremnov method. The Gibbs energy, equilibrium constants, and D-glucose conversion were calculated as activity function of reacting substances. It was shown that an increase in the temperature of the reaction mixture from 20 to 160 °C promotes an increase in the conversion of D-glucose from 3 to 32%, and therefore it is possible to recommend carrying out this reaction at elevated temperatures.

57-69

Authors: Krylenko S., Krylenko V., Krylenko M.

Genus Tamarix includes about seventy species that are adapted to hot, dry growing conditions but are able to withstand prolonged flooding and soil salinity. As a result, species of the genus Tamarix are common inhabitants of arid territories, while the sea, river, and lake coasts are also an inhabitation of Tamarix. The ecological success of the Tamarix genus is ensured by the peculiarities of its life cycle and various adaptive functions. The ability of a plant to maintain its viability during a change in environmental conditions, including when the relief changes are the most important. In addition, Tamarix, having the ability to reduce the mobility of loose substrates, is able to change the relief in a relatively short time. The accumulative seacoasts are characterized by high dynamics of the relief. This paper discusses the possibility of determining the age of the formation of coastal landforms using the information on the spatial location of both individual Tamarix specimens and their population within large marine coastal accumulative forms. It is shown that several physiological and ecological traits of the Tamarix genus make it possible to use it as an indicator of certain environmental conditions, existing or existed earlier in the places of its modern growth.

78-84

Authors: Gurbanov E., Asadova K.

In article the results of analysis conducted on bioecological features of Salsola species which are distributed in desert phytocoenosis of Mil plain of Kur-Aras lowland were given. Materials for research were plant herbaria which collected from the researched area, as well as herbarium funds of Baku State University and Institute of Botany Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. A morphological study of the flower parts of Salsola species was conducted with Carl Zeiss Stereo Discovery V4 stereomicroscope. It was determined that in researched area 10 species (Salsola australis R. Br., S. tragus L., S. paulsenii Litv., S. soda L., S. nitraria Pall., S. incanescens C. A. Mey., S. dendroides Pall., S. ericoides Bieb., S. nodulosa (Moq.) Iljin, S. foliosa (L.) Schrad.) of Salsola genus are distributed. Their morphology, ecology, systematical position, as well as economic significance were analyzed. It was also found that an anthropogenic impact in this area leads to desertification of landscapes.

104-116

Authors: Yarboboev T., Sultanov Sh., Ochilov I.

The study of mineralogical and geochemical properties of gold deposits is an urgent task for the geological industry, especially in the new areas under study. Without reliable information about the geological factors that lead to the formation of ore deposits and the mechanisms of deposit accumulation, it is impossible to ensure reliable scientific forecasting of the mineral potential of the regions, the effective creation of mineral resources of enterprises and mining, the stable operation of the mining industry. Our study of gold deposits was aimed at understanding these important issues of the ore formation problem. This is the urgency of the case. The role of the dictators of the Yakhton ore deposit as important structural material and mineral components of the leading types of ore-magmatic systems is being assessed. A peculiar feature of the geological structure of the ore area is the close paragenetic relationship of mineralization by rocks of the dike kids complex. Mineralization is localized in two stages and has bimetallic properties (gold, tungsten). The mineralization in the upper layer is localized in the corpus carbonate rocks of Yakhton (mainly garnet-pyroxene content). In the lower stage, mineralization is governed by a northeastern tectonic attenuation zone, which includes area concentrations of Au and W and areal mineralized zones that are part of the dike of the Yakhton region. Determining the spatial, age, and genetic relationships of mineralization with magmatism is a major problem of metallogeny.

122-125

Authors: Aliyeva G., Afandiyeva A.

The study assessed the impact of the environmental situation on development of demographic process, and analyzed the dependence of birthrate, death rate, rate of natural population growth and infant mortality on the ecological situation for Mountain Shirvan economic and geographical region of Azerbaijan by using economic-mathematical modeling methods.

132-141

Authors: Kuzina, L., Kuzmina, L., & Lukin, N.

This article proposes a comparative analysis of the composition of auxiliary ingredients used in the Russian Federation and the European pharmaceutical industry in tablets in enteric, dispersible, modified release forms is produced. The share, forms and types of native and modified starch and sugar-containing substances used are considered.

147-153

Authors: Nasibova G.

Evolving to reach the invasive stage of helminth eggs, being found themselves in the environment, the availability of suitable temperature and humidity is very important. On the basis of scatological studies and autopsies, along with the infection of turkeys with helminths Ascaridia dissimilis, Heterakis gallinarum and Raillietina tetragona, as well as a higher intensity of invasions in the summer seasons, were found in birds kept in the foothill areas of the region. So, on the basis of the parasitological studies, carried out the extensiveness of large roundworms (ascarids) in turkeys was determined in the following specimens of helminths 19.2%, intensity (II) 3–21, heterakis EI 26.6%, II 4–23, raillietina EI 22.4%, II 3–12.

159-169

Authors: Pashayev N.

Article is devoted to the study of the role of land reclamation and water management works to increase the productivity of agricultural crops cultivated on the irrigated lands of the Khizi, Siazan, and Shabran districts located in the area of the Samur-Absheron canal reconstruction project. In the region, the total area of land under agricultural crops is 57501.0 hectares. Of these, 29,700.8 ha, or 51.7% are non-saline, and 27,800.2 ha are saline to varying degrees, and 32651.8 ha or 56.8% is salines to one degree or another. Among the cultivated agricultural crops, there is a significant proportion of grain and forage crops. In the conclusion of the study of the irrigation system in the region, it is concluded that comprehensive work is needed to establish the existing and further construction of irrigation canals.

174-178

Authors: Mamedzadeh V.

This article discusses the results of studies on the microbiology of alluvial soils on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. The first information on the number of microorganisms in alluvial soils of natural biotopes is presented. The changes are associated with alluvial (river) sediments of the Shinchay River; the riverbed and above-floodplain terrace are compared. The analysis of soils of meadow-herbaceous (gramineous) and undersized shrubs (wild rose, blackberry, tamarix) vegetation is presented. Differences were revealed in quantitative indicators and the percentage ratio of individual groups of microbiota biotopes. In conclusion, it is concluded that the alluvial deposits of Shinchai in the 0–30 cm soil layer contain 3119.23 thousand/g microorganisms, and in soil samples taken from the above-floodplain terrace in a similar 0–30 cm layer — 4406.53 thousand/g.

188-196

Authors: Mammadova Sh.

The article presents the results of studies on the change in the intensity of accumulation of nutrients in seeds, in the trunk, root and leaves of green beans, depending on the phase of plant development. The change of indicators of nitrogen availability in the branching phase was 1,05–1,61%, phosphorus 0,79–1,25, and potassium 1,30–1,92%; in the flowering phase respectively 0,84–1,28%; 0,44–0,87%, and 0,95–1,35%; during the period of beans formation: nitrogen 2,26–2,93%, phosphorus 0,85–1,54%; potassium 1,17–1,65%; in the phase of seed formation, respectively 3,51–4,03%; 0,74–1,01%; and 0,86–1,07%. It was revealed that the effectiveness of the use of organic and mineral fertilizers directly depends on the degree of soil fertility, on the phases of plant development during the growing season and other environmental factors.

206-212

Authors: Allaniyazova M., Shapulatov U., Kushiev Kh.

The article presents the results of the influence of glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives in various percentages (0.1–1.5%) NaCl and in the post-stress period on the balance of phytohormones and the growth of roots of wheat seedlings. It was found that the treatment of wheat seeds with glycyrrhizic acid prevented salinization-induced inhibition of the mitotic activity of the cells of the root apical meristem and, in the post-stress period, accelerated the repair of root growth processes. The manifestation of the protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid on the growth of wheat root cells is due to its effect on the activity of the hormonal system of seedlings. Salinity negatively affected the balance of phytohormones associated with reversible accumulation of ABA and a decrease in the level of IAA and cytokinins in wheat seedlings. Treatment of wheat seeds with glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives contributed to the maintenance of the hormonal status of roots under salinity conditions at the level of control plants. The results obtained indicate an important role of glycyrrhizic acid induced rearrangements of the hormonal system in the regulation of wheat plant growth under stress conditions.

217-225

Authors: Madyanov I., Kichigin V.

In severe somatic diseases, deviations in the content of thyroid hormones in the blood are possible in the absence of organic changes in the thyroid gland. Various terms are used in the literature to denote this condition: syndrome of non-thyroid diseases, euthyroid pathological syndrome, syndrome of euthyroid weakness, syndrome of pseudodysfunction of the thyroid gland, syndrome of euthyroid patient, euthyroid sick syndrome. The authors propose to call it the syndrome of adaptive thyroid imbalance (SATI) and I distinguish three types of it: Type 1 (SATI-1) — immobilization (low blood levels of total or free fractions T3 and T4), Type 2 (SATI-2) — transitional or intermediate (low or high blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone), Type 3 (SATI-3) — mobilization (high blood levels of total or free T3 and T4). The work determined the frequency of SATI and its types in various severe somatic diseases. 1098 patients undergoing inpatient treatment in specialized medical institutions were examined. A high prevalence of SATI was shown in somatic patients (35.6%). The most common was SATI-1, which was found in 22.1% of patients. Its maximum frequency was recorded in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (58.6%). SATI-2 was intermediate in prevalence — 8.5%, most often it occurred in acute myocardial infarction (26.7%). SATI-3 was recorded only in 5% of patients. This type dominated in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (61.8%) and occurred in every 10 patients (10.3%) with cerebral stroke. It is concluded that SATI is widespread in somatic patients. The formation of this syndrome and its individual types is a reflection of the severity and phase of the underlying disease.

235-241

Authors: Niyazov B., Mamakeev Zh., Sabitov A., Mamanov N.

The article presents the leukocyte profile in experimental animals during the modeling of the wounded process in the conditions of low mountains and during the period of maladjustment to the high mountains. The animals were divided into 3 series: Series I — control series, permanently living in the conditions of Bishkek; Series II — an experimental series, after a 3-day stay at the experimental high-mountain base of the KSMA named after I. K. Akhunbaev as part of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory, moved to the conditions of Bishkek with subsequent modeling and monitoring of the course of the wound process; III series — an experimental series, after a 30-day stay at the experimental high-mountain base of the KSMA named after I. K. Akhunbaev as part of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory, moved to the conditions of Bishkek, followed by modeling and monitoring the course of the wound process. The analysis of the obtained leukograms shows that in the group of purulent inflammation during the period of maladjustment to the highlands after a short stay in the mountains, on the 3rd day of the study, leukocytosis is noted, during the study, a decrease in this indicator was noted and on the 30th day did not reach the norm.

248-256

Authors: Evseev A.

The article considers the problem of medicinal use of Paleolithic diet and its impact on both cardiovascular and endocrine systems of a human being. The author touches upon the major characteristics of the diet, its history. The aims of the article are to study, investigate and summarize the results of the clinical experimental work dedicated to the use of Paleolithic diet over the past decade. The author mentions favorable and unfavorable effects caused by Paleolithic diet. The issue under discussion is yet insufficiently studied and needs further research.

274-280

Authors: Soldatova S., Filatova G.

The article contains theoretical and practical information, including the basic requirements for black tea, methods for evaluating organoleptic indicators. Tasting remains one of the preferred methods of assessing the quality of tea. Tea tester evaluates such properties of the drink (aroma and taste shades, the presence of foreign odors and tastes) that cannot be obtained by other methods. When carried out correctly, organoleptic analysis gives no less objective results than instrumental analytical methods. To a certain extent, it is more informative, since it allows you to evaluate the product from the point of view of the consumer and his preferences.

288-293

Authors: Shodiev E.

The article examines the current development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of management accounting at enterprises in the service sector in the field of telecommunications in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In particular, we study theoretical and organizational, and methodological provisions for adapting cost accounting tools and calculating the cost of products and services to the organizational and technological features of organizations in the sphere of Internet technologies, as well as in developing a methodology for calculating the cost of products and services goal-costing, target-costing, Kaizen Costing, Activity-Based Costing.

20-34

Authors: Tashpulatov Y., Nurniyozov A.

Aquatic and coastal aquatic plants are one of the most important components of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, at present, much attention is paid to the issues of rational use and development of the country's inland water bodies. Together with phytoplankton, this group of plants participates in the trophic cycle of biocenosis, providing various stages of the links of the food chain with appropriate products. For example, the plants of reservoirs serve as food for representatives of different taxonomic groups of animals, mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, birds and mammals. With moderate overgrowing of water bodies, favorable conditions are formed for the development of the phytophilous fauna of invertebrates. The flora of higher aquatic and coastal plants of the Samarkand region has not yet been fully studied. The species composition was not studied, taxonomic and floristic analysis was not carried out. In addition, it is very rare to find detailed information about the use of aquatic plants in the national economy, information about useful species and rare species common in this territory. The article presents the results of research on the study of aquatic and coastal plants of reservoirs of the Samarkand region. It was revealed that 72 species of aquatic and coastal plants, which belong to 51 genera, 34 families and 5 classes, grow in reservoirs of various types on the territory of the Samarkand region. Representatives of the families Potamogetonaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae make up 43% of the total number of plants of this group growing in the studied region. In terms of life forms, about 12.5% (9 species) are annuals, and 77.8% (56 species) are perennials. It was found that 7 species of aquatic mosses grow in the studied water bodies.

44-47

Authors: Rzayeva A.

During scientific research in July-August 2019 between 40°53ʹN and 49°25ʹE widths in the Khizi territory (Azerbaijan), adaptations of the structure of the juniper leaves were studied. The leaves of the red juniper have a lancelet appearance and easily vary in different environmental conditions, for this reason, we selected red juniper as the object of our studies and measured the length of leaves taken from different tiers. It was revealed that there is an inverse correlation between leaf lengths and altitude from the sea level.

61-72

Authors: Talybov T., Mamedov I., Fatullaev P., Kuliev S.

Since 2006, with the support of WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) and IDEA (International Dialogue for Environmental Action), remote research of leopards (Panthera pardus saxicolor, Pocock, 1927 = P. p. ciscaucasica, Satunin, 1924). The main research is carried out on the eastern slopes of the Zangezur Mountains in the Aliyev Zangezur National Park of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. To study the leopard, photographic traps of the Cudde Back (17 pieces), Panthera (5 pieces) and Bushnel (64 pieces) brands in the amount of 86 pieces are used. In 2019 alone, 373,622 photos and 45,553 videos were taken. On 340 photos and 71 video materials, adult leopards were recorded, and on 20 photos and 5 video materials, a female leopard with cubs was filmed, and a photo of a female and a male was found on 7 photos and 4 video materials. During this period, 12 adults and 3 calves were identified.

95-110

Authors: Korzhov Yu., Lobova G., Starikov A., Kuzina M.

The origin of hydrocarbon deposits in Jurassic and pre-Jurassic complexes of the Khanty-Mansiysk area, located within the Frolov depression, in the local compression zone of the West Siberian plate — the suture zone, is established. The core and crude oil of Jurassic and pre-Jurassic complexes from prospecting wells of the Khanty-Mansiyskoe field is studied. The content and molecular mass distribution of hydrocarbons, including n-alkanes, n-alkylbenzenes, naphthalene’s and phenanthrenes, is determined in bitumen of rocks and oils by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lithological and petrographic characteristics of rocks is determined by optical microscopy. For oil deposits of the pre-Jurassic complex “source of hydrocarbons” is not reliably established, the parent rocks were not clearly identified in this research. In the lower horizons of the Jurassic section, there is a layer of highly permeable gritstone of the Gorely formation, in which organic matter is localized, presumably making the main contribution to the hydrocarbon deposits of the lower Jurassic and pre-Jurassic complexes. As a possible “source of Paleozoic oil”, it is proposed to collect hydrocarbons from scattered organic matter of Paleozoic rocks at a significant depth (not covered by core drilling) in the areas of tectonic block crushing of foundation.

118-123

Authors: Aslanova E.

Location of the thermal electric stations in Azerbaijan, noxious gases they emit into the atmosphere, their influence on the ecosystem and human organism have been analyzed in the presented article. The energy which is extracted and used by the electric stations in Azerbaijan was shown and the ways of the prevented ecological imbalance were shown.

130-134

Authors: Erofeev S., Vetrova S., Makarov M.

The article presents the results of long-term research on the creation of high oil and large-fruited sunflower varieties for use in 5 (Central Chernozem) and 7 (middle Volga) regions. Increasing the yield of sunflower oilseeds and improving their quality largely depends on targeted breeding work. Agricultural production needs highly productive precocious and early maturing varieties that are adaptable to local agroecological conditions and tolerant to the main common pathogens. Agroclimatic conditions of the region do not allow growing foreign-selected sunflower hybrids here, as they do not reach economic maturation (full ripeness). Breeders created a new high-oil (53.3%) variety of sunflower Chakinsky 100 with a yield potential of up to 50 centners per hectare in the Tambov research Institute (a branch of the I. V. Michurin Federal Research Center). The variety is included in the state register of breeding achievements in 2018 (patent no. 9648).

143-148

Authors: Abbasova N.

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of inorganic fertilizers on the structural indicators of Helianthus annuus crop yield in the western part of Azerbaijan. As a result of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that there was a positive effect when fertilizer application. So, there was an increase in the diameter of the basket by 0.8–2.3 cm, the number of achenes in the basket — 54.7–204.6 pcs, the mass of seeds in the basket — 5.5–24.1 g, and an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds — by 3.5–13.7 g in comparison with the non-fertilizer control. To obtain a high and high-quality sunflower seed yield and restore soil fertility on the irrigated chestnut soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone, it is recommended that farms use inorganic fertilizers annually at the N120P120K120.

156-163

Authors: Guliyeva Ye.

The article deals with the soils of winter pastures of the Shirvan steppe. Indicators of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, absorbed bases of these soils were found. The main and final bonitet points of light gray-meadow, light gray-brown, meadow-gray, meadow-gray light, and swamp-meadow soils of winter pastures of the Shirvan steppe have been calculated. An agro-industrial grouping of these soils was created, which divided them into three groups: the first group — lands of high quality (81–100 points), the second group — lands of good quality (61–80 points), the third group — lands of average quality (41–60 points).

169-173

Authors: Akhmadоva S., Adigozalov P.

The article presents the results of research on the effect of inorganic fertilizers on the structural indicators of winter rye crop yield in the western zone of Azerbaijan. The western region is one of the most important economic regions of Azerbaijan in terms of the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. To obtain a high and high-quality winter rye grain yield and restore soil fertility on irrigated chestnut soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone, it is recommended that farms use inorganic fertilizers annually at the N90P60K60.

179-185

Authors: Evseev A.

The paper deals with the issue linked with thyroid malfunctions, in particular, the incidence of hypothyroidism. Iodine deficiency statistics are presented; the study proposes the possible ways of solving the issue. The author draws special attention to a specialized hypothyroidism diet plan which may help patients to treat metabolic disorders.

206-233

Authors: Bulgakova S., Romanchuk N.

The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. Immune homeostasis is the balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses — a key feature in the outcome of health or disease. A healthy microbiota is the qualitative and quantitative ratio of diverse microbes of individual organs and systems, maintaining the biochemical, metabolic and immune equilibrium of the macroorganism necessary to preserve human health. The studies of P. I. Romanchuk found that the microbiota is a key element potentially capable of influencing antigen functions to induce a protective immune response and the ability of the immune system to adequately respond to antigenic stimulation (vaccine efficacy) by acting as an immunological modulator as well as a natural vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system play a crucial role, especially at an early age (early gut microbiota forms immunological functions). New interactions, along with other genetic and environmental factors, lead to a certain composition and richness of the microbiota, which can diversify the individual response to vaccinations. Variations in microbial communities may explain the geographical effectiveness of vaccination. Modern technologies for quantifying the specific and functional characteristics of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, along with fundamental and new concepts in the field of immunology, have revealed numerous ways in which the interaction of the host and microbiota proceeds favorably, neutrally or unfavorably. The gut microbiota has a strong influence on the shape and quality of the immune system, respectively, the immune system determines the composition and localization of the microbiota. Thus, a healthy microbiota directly modulates intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. The new managed healthy microbiota and personalized functional and balanced nutrition of the “brain and microbiota” is a patient's long-term medical program that allows the combined use of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacepigenetics, and most importantly, an increase in the protective mechanisms of immunity.

244-252

Authors: Matbabayev M.

This paper discusses the main characteristics of atmospheric air, the selected closed object on which the relative humidity depends to a certain extent, as well as a laboratory installation for studying the principle of constructing an optoelectronic sensor for measuring relative humidity. A description and diagram of the air humidity sensor, a block diagram of the installation for continuous monitoring of air humidity in the controlled object, a device for calibrating humidity sensors, and an algorithm for calibrating humidity sensors are given.

258-265

Authors: Ubaydullaev K., Alimov A.

This article addresses a number of challenges related to the complexity of industry research. The points of view in solving these problems were studied, and methodological bases for the development of the industrial sector were developed. It is proposed to create in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya large centers of the oil and gas chemical industry, mining industry with non-ferrous metallurgy, industrial bases for the agro-drainage cycle of production, light and processing industries. The first priority should be the formation of the foundations of the market environment in industries. This process is currently taking place in two directions: the creation of new private, joint-stock and other forms of enterprises, as well as through the modernization of industries, the second priority area of economic reforms in industry should be the creation of enterprises that are technologically advanced and have the ability to produce innovative products; the third priority area is the development of infrastructure industries that produce life support products for the population and the service sector, as well as the creation of quickly recouped industrial enterprises that provide deep processing of agricultural raw materials and mineral resources.

271-277

Authors: Jiemuratov T., Jenisbaev M.

The features and prerequisites for the development of the digital economy are highlighted. The factors of its significance for economic growth are determined. The fundamental element of the digital platform is the openness of its architecture. The creation of a single digital platform will allow society to be involved in government management. A feature of the digital platform is the implementation of the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital, and labor, as well as the implementation by the state of a unified policy in the sectors of the economy.

299-338

Authors: Nemtsov A.

The article attempts to theoretically comprehend the transformation of liberal values in the process of economic and political reforms carried out in Russia after collapse of the USSR in 1991 and the collapse of the world system of socialism. Some approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the “cold war”, as well as its results and outcomes, are analyzed. The article describes the main problems faced by Russian society and the Russian government in connection with the abolition of the Communist ideology. Based on the analysis of these approaches, we propose a hypothetical model of coexistence and confrontation between “two worlds” and two types of man within the framework of the Cristian worldview paradigm, in essence, two concepts of humanism. The author reveals the specifics of Russia’s modern opposition with what took place during the cold war. An attempt is made to understand this confrontation in a more General way.

367-371

Authors: Gerasimova K.

The article contains the results of study research to determine the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the experience of Chuvash in extreme conditions. Also, given their psychological characteristics and their manifestation in extreme conditions.

379-386

Authors: Yakovleva E.

In the conditions of rapid growth of new scientific and application information, the volume of knowledge that a graduate of a higher school has to master is constantly increasing. Educational standards, curricula, educational and methodological resources, textbooks and teaching aids despite being constantly reconsidered aren’t able to catch up with all the current changes. In this context a large gap between scientific achievements and the content of university courses arises which reduces the quality of training students. The solution to this contradiction is the development of students’ need for self-studying along with the improvement of the methodology and methods of teaching certain courses at the university. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical research and personal experience, the characteristics of three levels of students’ readiness for self-studying are revealed. Potentialities of teachers’ activity for the organization of students’ controlled cognitive activity are determined. It is proved that the need for independent acquisition of certain subject matter and modules of the course under study inevitably leads to a shift in priorities from memorizing and reproducing the acquired knowledge to their independent acquisition and mastering. Particular attention is drawn to the need for organizing independent laboratory research and virtual laboratory experiments in physics which provide a supportive environment for the formation of students’ need for self-study.

410-414

Authors: Tobakalov Ch.

Kyrgyzstan strives to strengthen and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in all sectors of the national economy. When forming economic and social ties, the Kyrgyz Republic also primarily paid attention to the development of relations with the CIS countries, especially with Central Asia and Kazakhstan. 90’s. in the first half of the year, Kyrgyzstan’s export-import relations were Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Belarus, followed by Kazakhstan.

422-429

Authors: Allamuratov Sh.

This article describes the history of the emergence and development of water transport on the Amu Darya waterway, their importance on the waterway, as well as the role of these vehicles in the transportation of commercial goods on the banks of the Amu Darya. In addition, the article analyzes such issues as the development of shipping, the construction of ships in the Bukhara Emirate and Khiva Khanates.

10-13

Authors: Anenko D., Kodonidi I., Glushko A., Chiriapkin A., Smirnova L., Ivchenko A.

The aim of this study is the synthesis of N-acylated derivatives of phenylacetic acid amide and the investigation of the correlation between product yields and the nature of the acylating agent. The reaction was carried out in an acidic environment, adding acid anhydrides to the substance, which differ in the length and branching of the carbon chain. The resulting products are of considerable interest both as biologically active compounds and as starting materials for the preparation of pyrimidin-4(1)-one derivatives.

21-27

Authors: Leonteva I.

To date, the high importance of cultivation industrial crops is universally recognized. One of these crops — cotton–plant (Gossypium hirsutum) — is the most important crop grown in Central Asia. The study of the species diversity of insects in crops of agricultural plants, including cotton–plant, is of great practical and theoretical interest, which allows us to assess the phytosanitary condition of crops and to develop a set of measures to improve them. The greatest economic damage to cotton–plant crops is caused by insects, among which are multivivorous (turnip moth, cotton bollworm, aphid, etc.) and specialized (more than 20 species). They damage almost all the organs of a given plant: roots, stems, leaves, generative organs (flowers and fruits) during their formation and maturation. In order to study the species diversity of insects in the cotton–plant agrocenosis under the conditions of the Lebap velayat of the Republic of Turkmenistan in 2019, more than 1000 insect specimens were collected. 12 species belonging to 7 orders and 10 families were identified. In the process of scientific research, predominantly polyphagous pests were recorded, which include two species of grasshoppers, two species of owlet moths, aphids, etc. In addition to pests of this culture, two species of predatory insects were found (European mantis and Bronze Carabid).

35-42

Authors: The Structure of the Lymph Node at Influence of Physical Loads and Infrasound

The structure of the lymph nodes after exposure to physical loads and infrasound was studied. After the cessation of physical loads in the early stages of the study revealed a violation of the functional activity of lymph nodes with a tendency to their recovery. After 4 weeks after exposure to physical loads, the structure and function of the lymph nodes are fully restored and there is a slight activation of lymphopoiesis. After exposure to infrasound in the early stages of the study, there is a pronounced lymphocytosis and compensatory increase in the functional activity оf В-zones of lymph nodes against the background of impaired migration of T-lymphocytes and inhibition of immunо-poiesis. After 4 weeks, against the background of persistent lymphocytosis, there is a tendency to fibrous deformation of the stroma and exhaustion of the parenchyma of the nodes. Thus, the impact of intense noise, part of which is infrasound, has a more adverse effect on the lymph and immune–poietic functions of immune organs than the impact of intense physical loads in adapting to them.

71-78

Authors: Turdalieva B., Kondratieva E.

The article presents the results of a survey of children with acute allergic diseases with regard to hospital admissions, which made it possible to obtain information about the links of pathogenesis when the allergic process starts. Showing information for acute urticaria, angioedema, urticaria, combined with acute angioedema and toxic epidermal necrolysis. An association was established between the severity of the disease and significant changes in immunological protection.

91-96

Authors: Zaripov D., Ashimov Zh., Shakhnabieva S.

The article is devoted to the analysis of material on the relevance of congenital heart defects in the Kyrgyz Republic. The main groups of factors affecting the aetiology of congenital heart defects have been identified. Assessment of social, medical and legal provisions that have developed in cardiac surgery at the present stage dictates the need for monitoring before and after surgical correction, which can provide an improvement in the mechanism for providing medical care to patients. Based on the analysis, measures are proposed to improve the quality of medical care for this category of patients.

105-113

Authors: Abdurakhmanov Sh., Chyngysheva Zh., Mamazhusupov N., Tilekov E.

The paper presents data on the evaluation of the effectiveness of intraoperative infusion–transfusion therapy for critical luminal blood loss in patients. The data on the clinical picture of a number of patients were used. A comparative analysis of different types of treatment was performed. In conclusion, it is concluded that patients who had profuse bleeding and acute haemorrhage of the III degree and who performed the operation in the early stages, according to active surgical tactics, the chances of a favourable outcome of the operation increased by 60%. The risk level of an adverse outcome in case of delayed surgery (expectant management) increased by 15%.

122-128

Authors: Madyanov I.

Hyperuricemia (HU) occurs in one third of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). The formation of HU in DM 2 is due to metabolic factors and impaired renal function. At the stage of prediabetes, GU reveals a connection with insulin resistance (IR), it is not clear to what extent this phenomenon is associated with an increase in uricemia in DM 2. Direct assessment of IR in patients with DM 2 is difficult. There are methods for indirect estimation of IR based on the calculation of indices using the results of simple laboratory tests. These indices are based on the determination of fasting plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) — TG/HDL-C, TG and glucose — TyG index, as well as TG, HDL-C and glucose — MI (metabolic index). The aim of the study was to study the relationship in patients DM 2 between the main indicators of uric acid metabolism and the TG/HDL-C index, TyG index, and MI. 368 patients with DM 2 an average age of 55.8 years and an average disease duration of 7.2 years were examined. There were 147 men, 221 women. The connection of uricemia with TG/HDL-C was established (Rs=0.2, p=0.03). In the non-insulin-dependent course of DM 2, uricemia was positively correlated with TG/HDL-C (Rs=0.21, p=0.03), negative relations of renal clearance of urates with TG/HDL-C (Rs=0.34, p=0.007) and fractional clearance of urates with TyG (Rs =−0.27, p=0.007) were recorded. In the insulin-dependent course of DM 2, a positive association of TyG with urticaria (Rs=0.44, p=0.03) and a negative correlation with GGFRT, the main enzyme for purine reuse (Rs=−0.44, p=0.03), were revealed. The results obtained do not contradict the previously established patterns of uric acid metabolism in DM 2. The conclusion is made on the feasibility of using the TG/HDL-C index as an indicator of metabolic disorders of uric acid and IR in DM 2. In the insulin-dependent course of DM2, TyG index becomes important, an increase in which is associated with increased catabolism of purines and their insufficient reutilization.

138-144

Authors: Turdalieva B., Asheraliev M., Maimerova G.

The article presents the results of a hormonal examination of 69 children with acute skin allergic diseases, who received hospital treatment at the National Center for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood. This made it possible to identify the features of the hormonal shift in various manifestations of urgent skin allergic diseases in children. A link has been established between the clinical severity of the disease hormonal imbalance.

155-162

Authors: Alieva G.

The soil cover of the Gil-Gilchay basin was taken as a research object. The soil cover of the Gil-Gilchay basin, the modern state of the soil fund usage has been characterized. The field soil research works have been performed and soil samples have been taken to study a modern state of the soils spreading in the Gil-Gilchay basin of the Khizi, Shabran, Siyazan and Guba districts. The structural parts of the soils have been studied as a result of the field-soil researches and cameral–laboratorial analyses. The agroindustrial grouping on general and agroecological zones of the Gil-Gilchay soils was full-filled.

168-177

Authors: Simonova E., Kondrashkina K., Rystsova E., Bolshakova M.

Mycotoxins are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. The most relevant groups of mycotoxins found in animal feed are produced by three genera of fungi: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species. Animal feeds are routinely contaminated by mycotoxins from diverse sources. In most cases, the concentrations are low enough to ensure compliance with Maximum Permitted Levels. Poultry, pigs and also aquatic vertebrates are very sensitive to mycotoxins. Ruminants are, however, generally more resistant to the adverse effects of mycotoxins, since the rumen microbiota is capable of degrading mycotoxins. Mycotoxins cause huge economic damage, leading to increased costs for health and veterinary care, as well as reduce livestock production. The effects of long-term exposure of aflatoxins are associated with the reduction of weight gain, decreased milk or egg production, teratogenicity. Ochratoxin A causes renal toxicity and possesses carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive and possibly neurotoxic properties. The main trichothecenes mycotoxins are T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and diacetoxyscirpenol. Deoxynivalenol is primarily known for causing feed refusal, weight loss. It also causes lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea and severe dermatitis accompanied by haemorrhaging. Zearalenone and some of its metabolites can competitively bind to oestrogen receptors leading to reproductive disorders and oestrogenic dysfunction, impairing fertility and increasing the frequency of stillbirths along with reducing sperm quality. Fumonisin causes carcinogenicity and cardiovascular toxic effects.

185-191

Authors: Babarykin V., Karimov A., Kucherov S., Evseenko E., Gagarina O.

In the article, the question of checking the quality of repairs carried out by slurry pumps used in drilling for oil and gas companies. Development and implementation of the test bench for slurry pumps will enable the company not only to improve the reliability of the repair but also reduce the number of repetitive equipment repairs.

197-205

Authors: Golubchikova, A., & Korobtseva, N.

One of the goals of rehabilitation of children with disabilities (HHS) is to improve their quality of life. For this purpose, various technical means, devices and adaptations which solve a number of problems in the life of the child are developed. But there is another aspect that affects the quality of life of such children — is the attitude of people around them. The child is emotionally unstable individual, his psyche is very vulnerable to react to negative emotions. In this case, the saying that ‘meet on clothes’ is very applicable. And if the child looks aesthetically pleasing, then others perceive him positively. But in some diseases (physical deviations from the norm) there is no ergonomic and aesthetic clothing. The paper considers the interaction of the systems Society — Textile means of rehabilitation — Child. It is revealed that textile means of rehabilitation, including inclusive clothing, have an impact not only on the child’s condition but also on the emotional state of the society in contact with him, especially his parents. Research on the systematization of information about violations of the structure and function of the body allowed to identify and group the possible causes of violations of the proportions of the child’s body. Some can be compensated by the use of fixing products, others through the use of illusions that contribute to the visual alignment of the proportions of the child. The article formulates the basic principles of designing textile means of rehabilitation and inclusive clothing for children with disabilities, aimed at harmonizing the perception of the external appearance of the child.

226-236

Authors: Sharshenaliev Zh, Tsybov N.

Improving the efficiency of the use of cognitive learning systems in education directly depends on the ability of the system to make reasonable decisions in the formation of didactic tools. One of the methods to improve the efficiency of functioning of cognitive learning systems is to improve the functioning algorithm of system analysis. Improving the individual components of system analysis has expanded its functionality and qualitatively changed its options. Using the advantages of the advanced functionality of system analysis enabled us to develop a cognitive learning system that forms didactic tools considering the psycho-factors of the participants of the educational process. The goal of the article is to study methods for designing and expanding the functional capacities of cognitive learning systems and system analysis methods. Methodological basis is formed of comprehensive application of complementary approaches in which the system analysis considers the educational environment as a complex system containing interconnected subsystems. The main ones of them were the structural analysis method, comparison method, decomposition and aggregation method. Results. Improving the efficiency of use of the cognitive learning system and increasing its accuracy in the analysis of the educational situation while choosing pedagogical methods for teaching the educational material was achieved by improving the functionality of system analysis. Improving the accuracy of the implementation of system analysis was also achieved through the use of ‘fuzzy elements’ in the analysis and synthesis node of the cognitive learning system. The use of ‘fuzzy elements’ enabled the learning system to make corrections to the input data received at the beginning of task execution and to give adjusted administration commands to the algorithm correction node of the system analysis.

248-252

Authors: Erlygina E., Yamanov A.

The article considers a comprehensive approach to the promotion and sale of goods and services on the example of digital marketing. Digital marketing tools and channels are the most popular and effective in achieving organizational success. The advantage of using this direction is the ability to quickly respond to the needs of the target audience, evaluate and predict the results of marketing activities.

260-263

Authors: Dmitrieva Yu., Smirnov V.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of a French school project in the city of Vladimir. Based on the analysis of the competitive position and micro-environment. There are the main actions for making the school profitable.

270-273

Authors: Uchevatkin A., Smirnov V.

The article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of viral marketing. Based on the analysis of theoretical material, as well as practical knowledge about this topic, a number of measures for the development and creation of viral advertising were proposed.

278-282

Authors: Berdimuratova G.

The article discusses provisions that indicate that in order to determine the fundamental principles of the judiciary, it is necessary to study the system of principles on which it is based. As the most general provisions expressing the essence and content of the phenomenon under study, the principles of the judicial system reflect the nature of the judiciary and the level of legal development of society. The status of the judiciary is revealed, first of all, by formulating the principles of its implementation.

287-291

Authors: Dontsova A., Dolmatova E.

The tax system is of great importance in ensuring the existence of the state through tax revenues to the budget. At the same time, the tax sphere of the state defines a certain range of duties and responsibilities to taxpayers and tax authorities. The article deals with theoretical and legal aspects of judicial protection of taxpayer’s rights and appeals against actions of tax authorities under the norms of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The article considers the importance of the tax system for the state in the sphere of ensuring tax revenues to the budget, the emergence of tax disputes between tax subjects and tax authorities, different directions of ways to protect the rights and freedoms of the taxpayer. Within the framework of judicial protection, specific types and grounds of judicial protection are studied, as well as priority rules for judicial consideration of tax disputes. The article analyzes the law enforcement practice of tax disputes and identifies the objects of appeal by the taxpayer. The procedure for appealing decisions and actions of the tax authority, which is regulated by article 138 of the tax code, is considered in more detail. The final stage is to summarize the above topic.

296-302

Authors: Averkovich P.

The article deals with the provisions of international standards of treatment of convicted women and their implementation in the process of execution of imprisonment. The results of the analysis of international documents and practice of application showed the following problems: physiological, social, moral, psychological and criminological characteristics of women are not taken into account, which indicates the absence of gender differences in the legal situation. In addition, this circumstance has a negative impact on the implementation of the penal policy of Russia. The study of the provisions of international and domestic penal legislation, as well as the practice of carrying out the maternal function of a woman sentenced to imprisonment, preparing her for release and problems after release indicate the existence of different approaches in the policies of specific States.

308-320

Authors: Basimov M., Kornienko V.

The article discusses comparative psychodramas of groups of respondents formed on the basis of 5 options for the attitude of respondents to the closest vote. Based on the summary extremeness of personal qualities for опe group of high extremeness, full psychodrama is given. For the next groups on the extremeness (2 groups), abbreviated psychodramas are considered, in which only pronounced personal qualities are indicated. For the remaining two groups, in which no pronounced personal qualities were revealed (the picture quite averaged over the whole of 89 groups), only their names are listed. As a result, we can conclude that the attitude of respondents to the next vote is largely determined by their psychological identity.

325-335

Authors: Petrova V., Dvoinev V.

To date, the urban environment is considered as an interesting area of sociological research. Urban space represents a built environment, which includes buildings, streets, squares, parks, embankments, etc. Every day, citizens interact with this public space, build their routes, form impressions and the image of the city, they also evaluate its effectiveness in connection with opportunities for the realization of their needs of socio-cultural interaction. Public spaces are those places where holidays are held, social and economic relations are formed, verbal and non-verbal communications are created. In urban public space take place meetings of friends and acquaintances, the integration of various cultures, social groups with diverse goals, norms and attitudes. Public spaces act as a stage for the social life of individuals when they are a comfortable, accessible and safe environment. The article presents the results of a sociological study of the conformity of public spaces of the city of Vyazma in the Smolensk region with the needs of its population. The study was conducted using observation and interview methods. An analysis of the collected data helped to identify the main purpose of the urban public space as it is seen by the residents, the types of their interactions, to determine the structure, functions and effectiveness, as well as to assess the quality of the content and equipment of the urban public spaces, as well as to identify the most active groups of population and how their activities change in the daily and seasonal cycles. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were developed for improving and developing public space and urban life in general. Recommendations can become the basis for creating design solutions for a comfortable, safe and innovative environment for both small and large cities.

352-358

Authors: Kuvshinova A., Savchenko I.

This article identifies the main factors of the formation of the economic behaviour of modern teenagers. Key economic priorities have been identified based on the results of the survey of young people on their economic preferences. The authors conclude that the economic behaviour of underage individuals of the twenty-first century is due to the introduction of technologies, the development of the Internet, which cause not only the costs of adolescents but also their earnings.

363-366

Authors: Kasymbekova, N.

The life knowledge of the ancient Kyrgyz people containing cosonymous, which were based on the requirements of their nomadic lifestyle, was studied. The desire to unravel the secrets of the universe and being, hidden in the units of the philosophical and cosmological worldview includes all layers of rational and empirical thinking. The book of heaven with symbols shows a picture of the cosmos and the place of man in the universe. The ancient Kyrgyz people were perfectly guided by the movement of the Sun, the Moon, the arrangement of stars, discovered and noticed features in the movement of celestial bodies, and thus accumulated a unique experience, which subsequently became the foundation of national ethnoastronomical knowledge.

375-380

Authors: Abdunabiev, S.

The famous Moroccan Arabic traveller Ibn Battuta made a remarkable contribution to both eastern and western literature. His work Tukhfat an-buzzer fi garoib al-also via joining al-also (Travelogue) is highly regarded as a valuable source which gives unique information about the culture and traditions, the lifestyle of medieval cities and countries. This article analyses the extensive comparison between travels of Ibn Battuta and other outstanding travellers such as a Venetian traveller Marco Polo and a Russian traveller Afanasy Nikitin. Furthermore, it investigates the common situations which can be encountered in each traveller’s journey.

387-391

Authors: Akynbekova A.

In connection with the development of each of the adjacent languages as national, there are commonalities along with the specifics. Such commonalities are clearly expressed and noticeable in the comparison of related languages among themselves. To this end, this article examines what took place and was used in the Turkic languages in the XV–XIX centuries, the words in the Chagatai language associated with food and have become archaisms today. In this particular example of generalization, the use of the Chagatai language as a literary written language in the XV–XIX centuries was proved by a number of Turkic Muslims with different linguistic and dialectical differences: Kyrgyz, Khakass, Altaians, Kazakhs, Uighurs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Karakalpaks, Tatars, Bashkirs and other peoples. As a result, was confirmed the correctness of the views that the Chagatai script is the heritage of all Turkic peoples. At the end of the work, based on the works of the above-mentioned scientists, it was concluded that the studies in this direction are able to fully realize the real links between the present and the past of the culture and language of the Turkic people and will create prerequisites for further restoration of these customs, without losing their uniqueness, uniqueness.

401-406

Authors: Kasymbekova N.

Numerical symbolism in traditional culture, including the analysis of the concept of measurement in oral folk art, such an analysis of archetypes will open new mysterious pages of history, a national picture of the world, level of language consciousness, helps to determine the features of mental-linguistic complexes. The article analyzes the scientific cycle of the theory of number seven, conceptual model of number 7 in the epic Manas.

11-16

Authors: Shemelova O.

The paper analyzes the properties of various processes, phenomena and objects in which you can make sure that some of them show certain similarities or similarities. Such similarities can manifest themselves both in the structure and in the dynamics of the behavior of objects. In these cases, to construct mathematical models of the behavior of systems of various physical natures, one can use similar equations. Thus, an important basis for modeling the behavior of complex systems uses analogies in changing the behavior of a wide class of systems.

26-52

Authors: Treneva E., Bulgakova S., Romanchuk P., Zakharova N., Sirotko I.

Neuro communication brain ‘the gut-brain’ provides the neural network with the ‘axis of the bowel-brain’ (Gut-Brain Axis, GBA). Promising are the studies of neural networks ‘microbiota-brain’ at the neuroendocrine and neurophysiological level. Microbiota — an organ that plays an important role in ensuring human health and in the development of various diseases, including age-associated. The treatment regimens for age-related pathology include traditional methods of treatment (recovery of melatonin and circadian rhythms, physical exercise, proper, balanced, functional nutrition, principles of a healthy lifestyle, etc.), but taking into account the available scientific data, it is necessary to include in the list of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures methods of managing the composition and/or diversity of intestinal microbiota. Visceral and cognitive brain regulating melatonin levels alter intestinal flora and improve antimicrobial actions. Functional and a balanced diet ensure the functioning of the circadian neuro axis ‘brain-gut’ while eating ‘brain’ and ‘microbiota’. The new concept, which considers the intestinal microflora as a key regulator of brain behaviour and functioning, represents a paradigm shift in neuroscience and clinical geriatrics. Age-related energy deficit of neurons contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The rejuvenating properties of melatonin regulate energy metabolism, which leads to longevity. The link between postmenopausal syndrome and mental disorders is strong and has been confirmed by many different studies. Given these results, future strategies to restore/regulate hormone bioavailability may offer massive neuroendocrine potential in the fight against age-related diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Further interdisciplinary, inter-University and interdepartmental study of polymodality neural networks with neurophysiological and neuroendocrine mechanisms in neurobiological and chronomedicine the processes of functioning ‘cognitive’ and ‘visceral’ brain, will enable you to save sufficient neuroplasticity to increase the cognitive reserve of the brain of Homo sapiens.

59-67

Authors: Dzhamalbekova E.

Actual issues of pathogenesis, epidemiology and complication of hip dysplasia in children, the advantage of early diagnosis and treatment in infants are described. The views on this problem of various researchers are examined — the cause of occurrence and development is investigated; the diagnosis and clinical symptoms are analyzed. A history of the development of methods for the treatment of hip dysplasia in young children is proposed. Based on extensive analysis, conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of treatment.

73-77

Authors: Dzhamalbekova E., Dzhumabekov S.

In children, the restoration of anatomical structures and functions of the hip joints occurs with early diagnosis and timely initiation of complex treatment. However, in children with hip dysplasia rehabilitation should be early, comprehensive and systematic. At the stages of conservative treatment, rehabilitation includes massage, physiotherapy, therapeutic exercises and most importantly the wearing of functional tires. With the right choice of rehabilitation tactics, the progression of the disease is prevented, as well as early and late complications do not develop, and most importantly, it does not delay the verticalization and does not violate the static-dynamic function of the hip joint.

84-94

Authors: Malakayev S.

This paper discusses breast cancer in the elderly and senile age and the methods of its treatment for this category of patients. In the elderly and senile age in humans, the level of the immune response, metabolic rate, function of the excretory organs, in particular, the glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys and enzymatic activity in the liver are significantly different from a young age. Differences in the body in different age groups directly affect the biological characteristics and clinical course of breast cancer, which directly affects the response of the body during treatment. Currently, the treatment of breast cancer in the elderly and senile age draws close attention from scientific and medical workers all over the world, due to the fact that there are no uniform treatment algorithms for patients of this age group, and the number of patients increases annually.

107-115

Authors: Danilov V., Danilov V., Ostobunaev V., Danilov V.

The article presents the features of the tactics of conservative management of elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A group of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (32 patients), whose mean age was 67 years old, was under observation. The total duration of conservative treatment and follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 4 years. The scope of the preliminary examination included an extended biochemical test, all patients underwent 2-day uroflow monitoring, ultrasound examinations of the urinary system, measurement of the size of the prostate and residual urine. The efficiency of conservative combination therapy was evaluated using the IPSS table, urination diaries and home uroflow monitoring. As a result of the treatment with 5-alpha-reductase, alpha1-blockers, lipoic acid and vitamins, there was a significant decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms and levelling of dysfunction of the lower urinary tract.

124-133

Authors: Pomeshkin E., Shamin M.

The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of new nonsurgical methods of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia of large size (on average 137.4 cm3) — bipolar transurethral enucleation (TUEB; 8 patients) in comparison with retroperitoneoscopic prostatectomy (RPS PE; 7) and medium-size (78.2 cm3) — bipolar transurethral resection (BTUR; 110) in comparison with monopolar transurethral resection MTUR; 95). The smallest volume of blood loss during surgery, frequency of intra– and postoperative complications, duration of postoperative bladder drainage and hospital stay were noted for BTUR. At the same time, all the studied new methods have shown almost equal efficacy in radical treatment and removal of intravesical obstruction, which indicates the appropriateness of their choice in accordance with the initial size of prostate hyperplasia instead of the previously used traumatic open surgeries and MTUR.

143-147

Authors: Evseev A.

The article deals with the pressing issue of the medical use of the ketogenic diet in the type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Obesity has become one of the most acute worldwide problems. The medical community is concerned about a hike in the number of obese people in the world. This leads to heavy consequences, namely an increase in the incidence of diabetes and the development of further complications. The article highlights and reveals the features of the pathogenesis of obesity in adults and children; WHO statistics on this issue are provided. The purpose of this article is to study the latest basic research on the issue of ketogenic diet therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus; identification of positive and negative results of clinical trials; summary of foreign practical experience. In conclusion, the author says that the issue of the medical use of the ketogenic diet stays open and requires further large-scale research both in Russia and abroad.

153-158

Authors: Turgunaly kyzy G.

In this article, the author carried out the analysis of the security of the population by experts of an average link and training of nurses in the Kyrgyz Republic. Now in a health care system, the key place occupies average medical personnel which render the most part of medical services to the population. It dictates the need for reforming of a system of training of specialists with secondary medical education according to modern standards. The priority direction of the Program of development of nurse business and education in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2019-2023 is reforming of sisterly education according to requirements, requirements of health care and improvement of management at the level of the educational organization, improvement of a system of continuous sisterly education is directed to formation of the practice-focused educational process, improvement of the state educational standards of sisterly education, strengthening of practical orientation in training of specialists of nurse business. In article statistical data of the Center of electronic health care of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic is used. The carried-out analysis of dynamics of security of the population with average medical personnel in Kyrgyz the Republics from 2016 to 2018 showed a negative trend. In all years the trend of decrease in security of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic was observed by average medical personnel, including nurses. Training of specialists with secondary medical education in the republic is carried out in 27 educational institutions of secondary medical education. From them 15 state and 12 private medical colleges. In the dynamics of preparation of medical shots with secondary medical education in general on the republic, the trend of decrease in the release of experts in 2017 and an insignificant increase in 2018 is observed. On the republic in dynamics decrease in the number of training of specialists of nurse business in 2017 and 2018 was observed. The insufficient efficiency of the reforms of nurse business undertaken in the republic and lack of scientifically based personnel policy causes the need for reforming of educational process on nurse business.

169-174

Authors: Zaripova A., Onina S., Kozlova G.

Water quality indicators of natural springs Chishma and Zayn located in the rural village of Kubiyazi in the Asking district of the Republic of Bashkortostan are considered. In the process, standard techniques were used. The work was carried out in the summer season of 2019. The physical and chemical indicators of water were determined, and an organoleptic assessment was carried out. Among the indicators, the main ones were general mineralization, hardness, cationic and anionic composition. Radiological measurements performed. All data were statistically processed; average indicators were used for analysis. As a result of the work, it was found that all indicators of water quality as a whole do not exceed the normative for use in household and drinking purposes. The water of the studied points corresponds to SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02.

184-189

Authors: Mirzayeva S.

The article is devoted to the study of the water-physical properties of soils of South Mugan. Standard methods for assessing the physicochemical properties of the soil were used. The work was carried out in the period 2017-2019. The determination was carried out in the laboratory of the Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of Azerbaijan NAS. As a result, it was found that these soils, depending on the anthropogenic influence, have different characteristics depending on the anthropogenic influence and natural properties. Changes in the water-physical properties of grey-brown soils of South Mugan occur depending on the features of use. There is an improvement in agrophysical indices on arable soils under agricultural lands in comparison with untreated, virgin lands. The use of soil protection measures to improve the water-physical properties of the studied soils is recommended.

195-200

Authors: Mammadova E.

The article presents an analysis of indicators of physical properties directly affecting the increase of soil fertility. In connection with what it is necessary to develop methods for the rational use of soil resources. To achieve this goal, the temperature regime of the soil, density, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and other physical parameters of the soil under agricultural crops have been studied. The effective use of the soil, the determination of the current state of the soil, the elimination of degradation in the soil as a result of natural and anthropogenic impacts, the restoration and improvement of soil fertility and the regulation of agrophysical properties have been studied.

209-216

Authors: Rabinovich G., Fomicheva N.

Liquid humic biological means are widely used in plant growing for seed treatment, for root and foliar fertilizing of agricultural plants. In All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands developed a liquid humic biological means, whose composition is characterized by the presence of humic acids — not less than 5 g/l, potassium humates — not less than 20 g/l, a set of macro- and microelements, pH — not more than 10. The purpose of the work performed was to study the effect of liquid humic biological means on the growth and development of potatoes as a result of processing tubers before planting. The results of laboratory and field experiments conducted in 2017-2018 are presented. According to the results of a laboratory experiment, the most effective 10% concentration of the working solution of a humic biological means for the treatment of potato tubers before planting was determined. In the small-scale experiment with potatoes, three concentrations (0,5%; 2,0% and 10%) of the humic biological means were used to treat seed. Potatoes were grown on the background of organic fertilizer and without background. When growing potatoes without the main background, a 10% concentration of the biological means promoted the most active growth and development of the potato, which was consistent with the data from the laboratory experiment. At the same time, the yield increase was 10,5% relative to the control without fertilizers. When cultivating potatoes against the background of the main organic fertilizer, the maximum yield was obtained by treating the tubers with a minimum 0,5% concentration of humic biological means — the gain was 14,3% relative to the background. The increase in yield was formed primarily due to the increase in the number of tubers in the bush, as well as the mass of commodity tubers. Statistical evaluation of the quality indicators of potato tubers did not reveal significant changes from the treatment of planting material with humic biological means solutions.

227-233

Authors: Novruzova G.

The results of field experiments on the effect of the combined use of manure and various doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of cotton fibre in grey-brown (chestnut) soils, under arid conditions in western Azerbaijan, are presented. The studies were conducted in 2012-2014. Used a variety of cotton Ganja-110. The use of various doses of mineral and organic fertilizers significantly increased the yield of cotton. It has been established that to obtain high quality and high-quality cotton raw fibre, fibre and soil fertility, mineral and organic fertilizers are used in relation to manure 10 t/hа+N90P120К90 kg/ha.

239-245

Authors: Shaidurova G., Gatina E., Shevyakov Ya.

The article deals with the studies of carbon fibre reinforced plastics disposal by thermal method basically aimed at polymer matrix depolymerization with preservation of carbon fibres. The results of experimental studies of carbon fibre reinforced plastics recycling by thermal method ensuring extraction of the reinforcing filler to be reused at a later stage in a production of carbon fibre reinforced plastic samples from the matrix volume for assessment of physical and mechanical characteristics are reflected in the paper. Assessment of the secondary carbon filler properties retention as compared with the original fibre has been carried out.

250-255

Authors: Shvaiba D.

In the criteria of globalization of the international economy, the role of state regulation in ensuring social and economic security is becoming increasingly prominent. Ensuring the socio-economic security of the state is highly determined by political reasons, the impact of which contains two main vectors: increasing the effectiveness of the internal production process by stimulating the NTP; full assistance to sectors of the economy in foreign markets. The government has an impact on NTP as direct participation in the R & d costs, and creation of positive institutional criteria for acceleration NTP. The role of the government in the development of science and technology as the main factor of economic growth is reflected in the technological policy - "Technology for the financial and economic recovery of the country: an innovative vector for the creation of financial power", which is expected to invest in the improvement of technology is considered an important function of the government.

262-269

Authors: Zambrzhitskaya E., Shapovalov A., Dema R., Kharchenko M.

The quality of the finished product is one of the key indicators of enterprise competitiveness. The analysis of the quality of metallurgical enterprises is currently given sufficient attention. The main reason for the current situation is to strengthen the position in the metals market of substitute products, which are solid plastics. To improve the quality of metal products, it is necessary to solve not only technical and technological problems but also the development of effective tools for quality analysis within the overall assessment of the competitiveness of ferrous metallurgy enterprises. To solve this problem, it was proposed to rank the quality characteristics of metal products from the point of view of the “anchor” buyers of a specific metal product. The scoring assessment of the quality of metal products offered in the framework of this article allows determining priority measures to improve its quality in order to increase competitiveness.

278-282

Authors: Abduganiyeva G. Yakhyaeva D.

The article reveals the issues of improving the methodology of accounting and analysis of income and expenses of an enterprise using the example of motor transport enterprises Uzbekistan. As well as the reflection of income and costs and accounting problems in the accounting policies of the enterprise will help optimize production costs and time costs, thereby increasing profitability and ultimately increasing profits.

290-297

Authors: Gayibnazarov Sh., Temirkhanova M.

The article shows the questions of theoretical features of accounting and analyzing objects of intellectual property at transition to innovation development, objects intellectual property their features, costing, classification, shown in accounting at transition to innovation development in process of world economy, and of course theoretical questions, the organization of the analysis of the objects of the intellectual property and the objectives of the study were presented results and conclusions.

304-307

Authors: Eryomin G.

This scientific paper aims to understand labour as a conscious human activity, its impact on goods and services produced by labour - their cost, usefulness, the complexity of production and their impact on economic growth. The main question of the article is: how a person’s work activity affects the general welfare of society. There is a concept of labour from the standpoint of philosophers and publicists - Adam Smith and Karl Marx and the concept of the relation of the labour theory of value to the price of goods produced. There is also a presentation of professors of the Shanghai University of Economics and Finance on the ratio of labour costs and the value of the goods produced by labour in various economic systems. The article explains how the efficiency of labour, the ratio of productive and unproductive labour to the exchange value of a commodity can increase. The conclusion explains the efficiency of production in society, the ratio of the cost of labour to the value of the goods received, and Adam Smith's opinion about labour as the reason for the increase in wealth in society.

312-317

Authors: Serenina N., Shumova K.

This article deals with the procedural issues arising in the practice of arbitration courts, in the implementation of a new form of arbitration proceedings introduced in 2016 — writ proceedings. The author expresses the opinion that further improvement of the arbitral procedural form of the judicial order should be carried out in the direction of eliminating unreasonable contradictions (partial unification) with the basic requirements of the general lawsuit proceeding, taking into account the specifics of the goals of simplified production.

325-331

Authors: Palvanov I.

The article deals with peculiarities of using urban lands in Uzbekistan, strengthening issues of the ecological function of the urban land places and the legislation analysis of foreign countries.

342-344

Authors: Prozorov A.

The article is devoted to the problems of differentiation of the continued taking of a bribe and set of the crimes provided by art. 290 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation are considered. The main problems are identified and ways to solve them are considered. When qualifying the totality of episodes of bribery, it is important not only to be guided by the clarifications of the Resolution of the Plenum of the RF Armed Forces, but also to give a real assessment of the actions of the bribe-taking into account the circumstances of the crime, relying on objective criteria (several episodes of criminal activity, the nature of the actions, are performed under different circumstances, at different times, with an interval, a place, away, etc.), and on the subjective — focus of intent.

355-365

Authors: Alikarieva A.

The transition to the formation of specialists of a wide profile combining deep fundamental knowledge and thorough practical training requires the intensification of students' cognitive activity. Of particular importance is the formation of the need for active cognition and self-improvement of the individual, which requires its own sociological decision. This is due to the improvement of the mechanisms of social, economic and pedagogical management of universities, taking into account the human factor. Skilful use of the entire potential of the educational process, the use of informal, creative means and methods of introducing students to the values — all this makes humanitarian training a promising form of personal development of the future specialist.

376-384

Authors: Zaitsev D., Eygelis G.

The article analyzes from a psychological point of view a new phenomenon of youth employment — virtual distance labour. The Internetwork is interpreted by the authors as a special form of professional activity outside the traditional workplace, based on virtual interaction, to satisfy individual (personal), social and societal needs using electronic information and communication resources. With many advantages, Internet employment generates a complex of social psychological problems that are not actually investigated by representatives of modern psychology both abroad and in Russia (for example, employer’s stress due to the inability to promptly influence the activities of the Internet worker, to control the quality of his work; stress of the Internet worker, due to the risk of not getting paid for the work done; development of the teleworker's isolation (alexithymia); reduction of his initiative, sociability). The methodology of the psychological study of the phenomenon is primarily represented by the concepts of positive psychology. A productive methodological basis is a complex of psychological tools (neuropsychiatric adaptation test, modified MMPI test, test for assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety, test Life Satisfaction Index, five-factor personality questionnaire 5PFQ. The study found that for every third a young Internet worker is characterized by neuropsychiatric instability, signs of stress (37.5%); for every fourth — the likelihood of borderline mental pathology, neurotization, and the likelihood of a pronounced mental pathology (25% each). Low level of life satisfaction is observed in 27% of Internet workers, medium and high — in 36.5% (equally). Half of respondents record a high level of personal anxiety, which reflects the risk of self-employment. this affects the moral stability of specialists, reduces their level of sociability, contributes to the formation of alexithymic traits. The combination of these features leads to the fact that for many Internet workers (67%) important samples the problem becomes the provision of self-discipline, self-control of virtual labor activity. Almost as many respondents seek to solve these problems to achieve independence (63%), in particular, developing the ability to have an optimistic worldview. The results of the study make a significant contribution to the psychology of work, the psychology of youth in the form of new theoretical and empirical knowledge, methodological developments in the field of measurement psychological parameters of the subject of activity and contributes to the formation of a new direction in social psychology — the psychology of virtual remote work.

424-434

Authors: Akhmetova Z., Turkmenov A.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the teaching methodology of extracurricular speed reading lessons in psychological and pedagogical work with junior primary school children with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with the attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity is a socially significant problem, because it is often found among children and it is the factor of the associated mental disorders in the cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioural spheres, which lead to behaviour disorders, school maladaptation, early alcohol drinking, etc. The optimal period for corrective actions is the junior primary school age. The article presents the methodology of extracurricular speed-reading lessons, based on the methodological recommendations of Sh. T. Akhmadullin, S. G. Zotov and others, can be used in correctional and development work for the junior primary school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The methodology of extracurricular speed-reading lessons is based on the activeness approach (S. L. Rubinstein, A. N. Leontyev), it is built on the leading studying activities of the junior primary school age and motivates children to get the valuable skill of speed reading. The methodology of extracurricular speed-reading lessons also has a positive effect on the cognitive, emotional-volitional, behavioural spheres, as well as on the communication sphere of the junior primary school children with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

447-454

Authors: Tsybov N.

Improving the efficiency of the educational process is one of the most important tasks of both secondary and higher education. In order to implement them, researchers repeatedly proposed new versions of concepts, theories and teaching methods. The experience of introducing and using existing educational theories and concepts has shown that every education innovation has been criticized after a short period. This does not mean that all innovations in the educational field have been initially inoperative. In some cases, promising ideas from innovators could not be implemented due to insufficient training of teachers, as well as insufficient organizational readiness of the Ministry of Education. As for the mentoring methods, the traditional methods for these purposes used to be dogmata, teacher’s personal example, teaching tact and preventive measures that are not enough for the implementation of a modern educational process. In addition, it is worth noting that the above methods are implemented in most cases formally and only some teachers and coaches have teaching tact and can be an example when educating student’s basic personal qualities. The objective of the article is to analyze aspects of the educational process that affect the efficiency of the education and mentoring process. Results. The approaches to improving the efficiency of the educational process were considered from the standpoint of existing educational concepts, from the standpoint of psycho-didactics and cognitive pedagogy. In the article, special attention is paid to considering student’s personal characteristics, models of pedagogical interaction and mentoring part of the educational process. When analyzing the factors affecting the efficiency of the educational process, the issues of diagnosing and correcting students’ personal qualities were considered.

464-471

Authors: Petrenko E., Stradina M.

A large number of works are devoted to the problems of improving the quality of professional education. Analysis of the quality of education allows determining the level of professional training of students and graduates. The aim of the study is to study the level of preparedness of students to solve professional problems in the field of physical culture and sports. One of the criteria for the quality of education is the survival of knowledge of students and graduates who have been trained in higher education programs. Was conducted a study of the level of knowledge of senior students of NSU, named after P. F. Lesgaft, trained in human anatomy and studying the discipline ‘Sports morphology’ and ‘Age characteristics of man’. Identified educational topics, the most poorly understood by students. The paper discusses possible ways to improve the survival of knowledge of students and graduates.

472-483

Authors: Muminov A.

In recent years, the educational system of Uzbekistan is undergoing dramatic changes aimed at the formation of highly qualified personnel in demand in the labour market. In this regard, the country's leadership is taking active actions and measures to reform the system of education. This article highlights the key changes in the education system of Uzbekistan and the main challenges facing the country in the coming years.

489-496

Authors: Antoshkin A.

The article considers the process of recovery in the state trade in Bashkiria from 1945 till 1947. Much attention is paid to developing the goods turnover and changes in the trading network throughout the use of rationing. Whereas consumer cooperation was focused on trade in rural areas, the state sector catered for city consumers. The hard economic conditions forced People’s Commissariat for Trade to make great efforts to achieve some growth in the trading network in Ufa and other cities of Bashkiria. The archive documents used in this study support the conclusion that, despite the austerity policy, scarcity of centralized goods funds, and the poor harvest of 1946, state-owned city trading organizations attained prominent success in promoting the goods turnover through decentralized purchases and their farms. Analyzing the statistical data and the records of People’s Commissariat for Trade in the Republic shows that the further development of the state trading sector could be possible only after rescinding the rationing system. The transition towards open trade, in turn, required changing its underlying principles and working methods both of People’s Commissariat for Trade and its local branches. On the other hand, the study shows that the development of state trade faced considerable organizational difficulties.

507-511

Authors: Antipina A.

The analysis of ‘classical’ (positivism) and ‘non-classical’ (antipositivism) models of social cognition is presented. The similarity of these models is defined in the perspective of the metaphysics of the social — the inherent substantialism, methodological normativism and scientism. The ‘post-nonclassical’ model of social cognition is determined through the rejection of these attitudes. The phenomenological theory is declared as a post-non-classical methodology of social cognition that goes beyond the framework of the opposition ‘positivism–antipositivism’ in social science.

521-530

Authors: Turdieva Kh.

Communication is an important part of people’s life. The communicating way can be the first reason for both success and failure in further progression or regression. Communicating in a proper and polite way with the people in the different cultural background is becoming one of the most important matters that still lacks researching. Cross-cultural communication happens between two or more people who have different cultural background where the politeness has powerful role. Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette; however, it can vary differently in a different culture, namely, what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or unusual in another cultural context. Studying speech etiquette units deeply in one language and comparing them to a particular language can give a great chance to avoid common and uncommon mistakes, misunderstandings and it let learners classify, realize the phrases, words semantically according to certain criteria. In this article, main topic is to study greeting phrases, namely, speech etiquette units comparatively in order to determine the similarities and differences; analyze them lingua-pragmatically considering FTA (face threatening acts) and FSA (face saving acts). Culture differences in greeting behaviour of some countries such as Russia, The USA, Italy, Japan, Indonesia, Philippine, China were studied either in order to highlight the actuality of the problem. (e.g. “Sudah mandi?” – “Have you taken a bath?” is totally normal greetings after saying “Selamat Pagi”-“Good morning” in Indonesia.) Greeting phrases were collected and analyzed by observation lively, virtually and relying on written, recorded materials, as well as holding a questionnaire survey via google.form. In result, 53 Uzbek greetings, 59 Persian greeting phrases analyzed lingua-pragmatically in comparative way. Persian people tend to use etiquette units more (no matter sincerely or not) and debasing 1st person (oneself), praising 2nd, even 3rd person could bring misunderstanding for Uzbek people. FSA is dominant in Persian where FTA can sometimes be seen in Uzbek speech. Idiomatic phrases are used to strengthen politeness in both languages.

8-16

Authors: Ashurova Z., Skorobogatova O.

The work is devoted to the study of the Middle Ob River Chlorophyta plankton (Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug). Previous studies of the Ob River phytoplankton were carried out by Yu. V. Naumenko 30 years ago. The work aim is to assess the species composition and abundance of the Ob River Chlorophyta plankton developing nearby Surgut. Phytoplankton material was collected during the growing season of 2018 nearby Surgut. Research has been by accepted methods conducted. Light microscopy was used for identification, relevant keys and modern international nomenclature changes were used. A Chlorophyta plankton characteristic is given for the studied section of the river: species composition, systematic of the detected species, varieties and forms, characteristics of Classes, Families and Genera. Of 89 identified Algae species, 32 are mentioned for the first time. The Ob River phytoplankton is characterized by autochthonous development with the presence of a large number of single-species Families and Genera characteristic of boreal flora. Two peaks were identified in the development of Chlorophyta cell numbers: in July and September. 6 Algae species have floristically significance in the studied cenosis. Ecologically, planktonic, cosmopolitan species, indifferent to salts and pH value, predominate. According to the saprobiological characteristics, a large proportion of the detected Algae is included in the β-mezosaprobic and α-β-mezosaprobic zones.

24-31

Authors: Mustafayev A.

The aim of the work was to identify a complete floristic list of plants growing in the territory of the Shahdagh National Park. Studies were conducted in the period 2012–2018. Determination of plant species by identifiers and herbarium specimens. Bioecological description of 1603 species of higher plants, 31 species of spore species, 1572 seed species (12 species of Gymnosperms, 1560 Angiosperms, including 294 Monocotyledonous, 1266 species of Dicotyledons) were identified as a result of the research conducted for the first time in the territory of the Shahdagh National Park. For the territory, 6 plant types, 25 formation classes, 72 formations, 99 associations were identified and the main botanical groups forming the vegetation cover were identified. Vegetation of the Shahdagh National Park, on the one hand, is represented by the xerophilous elements of Western Asia, the Mediterranean, Iran, Turan, and on the other is formed by the boreal elements of the Palearctic, Europe, Holarctic, an important role is also played by local indigenous species — the elements of Atropathan and Caucasian type.

44-55

Authors: Bulatov V., Igenbaeva N., Biryukova O., Nanishvili O.

The paper analyzes geological and geophysical materials in order to study the structure of the complex, the composition of rocks and oil and gas Abalak-Bazhenov group of deposits in the region of Western Siberia. The information analysis of sedimentological and hydrodynamic studies of the object is presented. The study is aimed to determine the most promising areas of the Bazhenov–Abalak sediment complex in the territory for the planning of an effective exploration program.

66-69

Authors: Makarov M.

In modern conditions, increasingly used intensive technology of cultivation of field crops. The necessary element of this technology is the use of pesticides. Being in the soil, these chemical sunder various kinds of changes and transformations. The need to study the processes occurring in the soil with the entry of pesticides, the interaction of pesticides with soil biota, as well as the decor position and removal of these chemical elements from the soil, is an important condition for the cultivation of crops on intensive technology.

81-92

Authors: Qian H., Kudashev S., Plotnikov V.

We conducted two sets of experiments, one is under steady-state conditions and the other under pulsating conditions. We focused on measuring the heat transfer characteristics of plate heat exchangers under different pulsation conditions. In the experiment, we control the mass flow of the hot fluid to circulate at a rate of 0.722 kg/s. The mass flow rate of the cold fluid is 0.05-0.18 kg/s, and the pulsation frequency is 0.45-2.23 Hz. We measured different mass flows at different pulsation frequency. The data analysis shows that when the pulsation frequency is 1.78 Hz, the heat transfer coefficient reaches a maximum of 4415.73 w/(m2·k), and the corresponding cold fluid mass flow rate is 0.155 kg/s, and compared with the heat transfer characteristics of the plate heat exchanger under steady flow, it is found that the average increase in the heat transfer coefficient during the transition to the pulsating mode was 20%.

100-106

Authors: Shvaiba D.

In recent years, the financial and economic recovery increasingly rests on the problems of development of the transport network and energy. The measures are taken in recent years, including the reform of monopolies, have not led to a significant increase in investment in these segments of the economy. To some extent, this is due to the lack of institutional criteria to ensure the openness of their work, as well as control over the effective expenditure of funds. In order to resolve these tasks, the Government of the Republic of Belarus will implement measures aimed at the subsequent implementation of institutional reforms and stimulating the pace of financial and economic recovery. We need urgent measures aimed at improving the institutional system, including the creation of accurate and clear ‘rules of the game’ for all subjects, ensuring an increase in the confidence of all subjects of financial, economic and political activity in the Belarusian society. The previously mentioned instruments of the mechanism of ensuring the socio–economic security of Belarus form a strong base for the continuation of sustainable development for the long term. In addition, in order to stimulate financial and economic growth, it is necessary to implement tax policy, which is obliged to promote the increase of competitiveness and the rise of business activity of economic entities, as well as to guarantee the reduction of the tax burden for business, including reduction of the value added tax rate in the medium term, simplification of procedures for calculation and payment of taxes and streamlining of tax audits and reporting.

114-119

Authors: Platova A., Shumov P.

This article discusses the reform of the judicial system of the Russian Federation through the creation of separate appellate and cassation courts of General jurisdiction. The question of the competence of new courts, the composition of the court, as well as the characteristics of these courts are analyzed. In particular, attention is focused on the creation of appeal and cassation courts within the territories of the respective judicial appeal and cassation districts that do not coincide with the administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation. In addition, attention is drawn to the establishment of a permanent judicial presence, which will be located outside the permanent seat of the court. The positive and negative sides of the reform, its expediency are analyzed. The main advantage of the judicial reform, according to the author, is the separation of the courts of appeal and cassation from the courts of first instance, which will affect the improvement of the judicial system. The author also points to the problems solved in connection with the reform of the judicial system.

129-133

Authors: Shlyakova O., Shumov P.

The article discusses current problems related to the issues of appointment, conduct, appeal examination, assessment of expert opinion, the status of an expert in arbitration proceedings. Also described are approximate solutions to these problems.

140-143

Authors: Yakushkin S.

To date, the current direction of research is the implementation of the principle of justice punishment for the crime committed. The article proposes the introduction of a new category of offences — criminal misconduct, which will occupy an intermediate link between an administrative offence and a criminal offence. The institute of criminal offense will allow to more accurately classify crimes by the degree of their public danger, to differentiate in detail the punishment for the convicted person, in accordance with the principles of justice and humanism, and to free convicts for minor or moderate crimes who committed them for the first time, from a vicious criminal conviction.

149-186

Authors: Nemtsov A.

The article is devoted to the study of student’s perception of conflicts that take place in modern Russian society. At the same time, from the theoretical point of view, society is considered as a system of interacting conflicts. Methodological approaches are tested to assess a number of psychological and sociological characteristics. In particular, the author studies the subjective perception of the acuteness of a number of major social conflicts by students, their resolution and interaction of these parameters. The algorithms of substantial analysis of the data obtained are substantiated. In addition, the attitude to some social groups and their representatives is considered in the context of the study of the perception of conflicts. The article presents the results of humanitarian specialization students.

192-201

Authors: Shestakova L., Gorevskikh A.

The need for the study is substantiated by the insufficient development of the conditions for organizing activities for the formation of cognitive universal educational actions in students through the use of competence–oriented tasks. The above indicates that the problem of the formation of cognitive universal educational actions through the use of competence-oriented tasks is insufficiently developed and requires additional research. Thus, a number of contradictions were singled out: between the modern requirements of society for students, who should have perfect cognitive educational devices that do not ensure their development in a secondary school; and between the need to develop cognitive learning in the process of teaching mathematics and the insufficient elaboration of this issue in pedagogical theory and practice. The outlined contradictions testify to the relevance of the research topic and allow us to formulate its problem: what should be the conditions for the use of competent–oriented tasks in order to form cognitive universal learning activities for students (based on mathematics)? Under the terms of the organization of activities in this article we will understand the complex of special conditions created by the teacher to achieve the goals set, namely the education and training of students. In the process of conducting research, certain skills are selected that are part of the cognitive universal educational actions. For the formation of the selected characteristics was organized training activities of students in compliance with the following conditions. First, the development and implementation of the mathematical circle I am learning to analyze. Secondly, the construction of work based on the use of specific types of competence–oriented tasks. Thirdly, two types of work were used: with ready competence–oriented tasks and to transform tasks from textbooks into competence–oriented ones. Experimental work has yielded positive results. Significance of the study: the materials of the article may be useful for schoolteachers of mathematics.

209-217

Authors: Usmonova D.

The article delves into the new approaches to discourse highlighting its communicative, cognitive, pragmatic and linguocultural aspects. The aim is to scrutinize the notion of discourse in relation to the human factor in different communicative settings. It is acknowledged that studies on the current topic area can be more successful by the integration of the anthropocentric paradigm.