BUJICT 2014

1-10

Authors: Peter Sasvari

Various models of the information society have been developed so far and they are so different from country to country that it would be rather unwise to look for a single, all encompassing definition. In our time a number of profound socio-economic changes are underway. The application of these theories and schools on ICT is problematic in many respects. First, as we stated above, there is not a single, widely used paradigm which has synthesized the various schools and theories dealing with technology and society. Second, these fragmented approaches do not have a fully-fledged mode of application to the relationship of ICT and (information) society. Third, SCOT, ANT, the evolutionary- or the systems approach to the history of technology when dealing with information society – does not take into account the results of approaches studying the very essence of the information age: information, communication and knowledge. The list of unnoticed or partially incorporated sciences, which focuses on the role of ICT in human information processing and other cognitive activities, is much longer.

19-22

Authors: Naveed Sheikh, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf, Nitin Afzulpurkar, Muhammad Sohail and Shahzadi Tayyaba

In this paper we focused on the performance and analysis of commercially available piezo generator, which converts mechanical vibration to electrical power. The relationship between the dynamic response of piezo generator and its power output is realized. The efficient energy transfer of mechanical structure and high electromechanical transformation of piezoelectric material make the piezoelectric generator a extraordinary performance. The piezoelectric generator produces maximum output voltage of 4.3 V which is 0.012 µW per centimeter square.

31-37

Authors: Faran Baig, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf, Muhammad Imran, Zahoor Ahmed, Muhammad Saleem Khan and Muhammad Awais Farooq

This research work describes the design and simulation of a fuel consumption control system using fuzzy rule. The rule base receives two crisp input values from speed and load sensors, divides the universe of discourse into regions with each region containing two fuzzy variables, fires the rules, and gives the output singleton values corresponding to each output variable. One defuzzifier is used to control the fuel consumption. The results obtained from the simulation were found correct according to the design model. This research can be used to enhance the performance of the system which gives its output by consuming fuel depending upon some speed and load. MATLAB-simulation is used to achieve the designed goal.

46-50

Authors: Ammad Ali, Shah Hussain, Farah Haroon, Sajid Hussain and M. Farhan Khan

This paper is about providing efficient face recognition i.e. feature extraction and face matching system using local binary patterns (LBP) method. It is a texture based algorithm for face recognition which describes the texture and shape of digital images. The preprocessed or facial image is first divided into small blocks from which LBP histograms are formed and then concatenated into a single feature vector. This feature vector plays a vital role in efficient representation of the face and is used to measure similarities by calculating the distance between Images. This paper presents the principles of the method and implementation to perform face recognition. Experiments have been carried out on Yale data set; high recognition rates are obtained, especially compared to other face recognition methods. Also few extensions are investigated and implemented successfully to further improve the performance of the method.

58-63

Authors: Muhammad Zubair, Engr.Umar Mujahid, Najam-ul-Islam and Jameel Ahmed

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the rapidly growing technologies in field of universal computing, because of its cost effectiveness and small size. Ultra lightweight protocol consists of simple bitwise operation such as XOR, OR, AND, Left Rotate (x, y) are required on tag, which make it cost effective and simple. To make the system practically cost effective and robust against various security attacks, Ultra light weight authentication protocols are used that involve logical operators like XOR, AND, OR and Rot functions as compare to Hashing and other cryptographic algorithms. In this paper we will perform cryptanalysis of ultra lightweight protocols (SASI and Gossamer) and find vulnerabilities in these protocols. On the basis of proposed attacks we will design a new mutual authentication protocol, which overcome these attacks, and will provide better security feature using simple bitwise operation.

1-8

Authors: Peter Sasvari

As the author could not find a reassuring mathematical and statistical method in the literature for studying the effect of information communication technology on enterprises, the author suggested a new research and analysis method that he also used to study the Hungarian economic sectors. The question of what factors have an effect on their net income is vital for enterprises. At first, the author studied some potential indicators related to economic sectors, then those indicators were compared to the net income of the surveyed enterprises. The resulting data showed that the growing penetration of electronic marketplaces contributed to the change of the net income of enterprises to the greatest extent. Furthermore, among all the potential indicators, it was the only indicator directly influencing the net income of enterprises. With the help of the compound indicator and the financial data of the studied economic sectors, the author made an attempt to find a connection between the development level of ICT and profitability. Profitability and productivity are influenced by a lot of other factors as well. As the effect of the other factors could not be measured, the results – shown in a coordinate system – are not full but informative. The highest increment of specific Gross Value Added was produced by the fields of ‘Manufacturing’, ‘Electricity, gas and water supply’, ‘Transport, storage and communication’ and ‘Financial intermediation’. With the exception of ‘Electricity, gas and water supply’, the other economic sectors belong to the group of underdeveloped branches (below 50 percent). On the other hand, ‘Construction’, ‘Health and social work’ and‘Hotels and restaurants’ can be seen as laggards, so they got into the lower left part of the coordinate system.‘Agriculture, hunting and forestry’ can also be classified as a laggard economic sector, but as the effect of the compound indicator on the increment of Gross Value Added was less significant, it can be found on the uper left part of the coordinate system. Drawing a trend line on the points, it can be made clear that it shows a positive gradient, that is, the higher the usage of ICT devices, the higher improvement can be detected in the specific Gross Value Added.

15-21

Authors: Hla Myo Tun

Geometric design often requires the capability to manipulate flexible objects, including bending, twisting, compressing or stretching parts of the model or its entire geometry. The proposed approach comprises also shape deformations with multiple (real, auxiliary, and virtual) control points and constrained, directional, and anisotropic deformations. It allows a user to edit a given shape interactively and spontaneously.Our approach successfully suggests a sense of rigidity of the lattice, which is difficult in interactive shape editing approaches.Mathematically, the problem being addressed in this research work involves a Free-Form Deformation (FFD) of the features of the affine three dimensional geometry of the image. The algorithms primarily develop are projective geometry techniques, which form the basis for accurate deformation. Furthermore, these algorithms generally assume standardized images, i.e. no prior knowledge of either the shape, or its pose(position and coordinates) with respect to the transformed coordinates. This project aims to develop a general framework for perform mesh deformation and editing in real-time. The prerequisites include C/C++, OpenGL and basic knowledge in differential geometry

24-32

Authors: Muhammad Zakarya, Izaz ur Rahman and Mukhtaj Khan

Cloud Computing is a most recent and hottest buzzword nowadays, emerges as a key service of the Utility or On-demand computing [1] which builds on decade of research in the ground of computer networking, World Wide Web and software services. It put forwards a service oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, enormous and huge flexibility and reduced total cost of ownership. Recent attacks on the clouds especially DDoS poses as a potential intimidation and danger to this key technology of the expectations and future. In this paper we are going to present a new Cloud Environment and Architecture and an Entropy based ADS approach to mitigate the DDoS attack which further improves network performance in terms of computation time, QoS and HA under Cloud computing environment SaaS, PaaS, IaaS and IT Foundation are four basic types of Cloud Computing [30, 31, 32].

36-42

Authors: Muhammad Waqas Majeed, Abid Khan, Aziz Ur Rehman and Khurram Rashid

Advantages of Microstrip patch antennas make them solid candidate for the field of communication in Microwave application. This paper consists of Microstrip patch antennas with complete mathematical calculations, Simulation results and the relevant antenna applications on the operating frequencies. These designed antennas have frequency ranges in Microwave S band, C band and X band. S band cover the frequencies of 2 GHz, 3 GHz and 3.5 GHz. C band cover the frequencies of 8GHz and 9 GHz. These antenna simulations performed by using Ansoft HFSS TM V10.0. Simulation results are presented in terms of Resonant Frequency Return Loss, VSVR, Radiation Pattern and the antenna Gain.Micr ostrip patch antennas have wide range of applications, however here in this paper following applications are presented. WLL, WiMAX, Satellite Communication and Marine Radar Communication (SART).

1-6

Authors: Jakaria Ahmad, Rumel M. S. Rahman Pir and Md. Mustafijur Rahman Faysal

Bluetooth is a technology, which uses a short-range radio link to exchange information, enabling wireless connectivity between mobile phones, mobile PCs and other peripherals. On the other hand, The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) provides an alternative to the traditional LANs based on twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Bluetooth and WLAN cause interference with each other, increasingly as they approach each other. Bluetooth causes more interference with WLAN than the other way around because of Bluetooth’s faster hop rate (600 times faster). Co-existence is another problem that both Bluetooth & WLAN face. To allow coexistence, they must never use the same frequency at the same time. Bluetooth is designed for quick, short-range networks and features better power consumption, small protocol stack, robust data and voice transfer, which make it perfect for a WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) but limited in terms of WLAN (Wide Local Area Network). This paper presents an overview over the co-existence, competition and interference between Bluetooth & WLAN. For proper presentation of this, radio interfaces of both the technologies are discussed here also.

17-22

Authors: Hla Myo Tun and Aye Thandar Phyo

The next generation wireless communications systems are envisioned to integrate multiple wireless access technologies (i.e., IEEE 802.11-based WiFi WLAN and IEEE 802.16-based WiMAX WMAN) to provide high-speed communications services to mobile users in a seamless manner. In such a heterogeneous wireless network, the users are able to access different wireless networks according to their preference, performance and cost. In this research, the radio resource management for this integrated heterogeneous wireless network will be proposed. At the mobile terminal, network selection algorithm will be developed to make the decision of connection (either WiFi or WiMAX or both) so that the QoS requirements are satisfied while the connection cost is minimized. An optimization problem will be formulated and solved for an optimal decision. In addition, the applications of this integrated heterogeneous wireless networks in vehicular network and eHealth will be explored.

28-36

Authors: T.Romen Singh, O.Imocha Singh, Kh. Manglem Singh, Tejmani Sinam and Th. Rupachandra Singh

Normally the quality of an image is improved by enhancing contrast and sharpness. The enhancement of contrast and sharpening of an image with a single function is a complex task. In real-time imaging, many complex scenes require local contrast improvements that should bring details to the best possible visibility of the image. However, local enhancement methods mainly suffer from ringing artefacts and noise over-enhancement. In this paper, we present a new adaptive spatial domain contrast and sharpness enhancement method, in which modified powerlaw transformations function is applied. Our algorithm controls perceived sharpness/smoothness, ringing artefacts (contrast) and noise, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and non-disturbance of artefacts by controlled parameters. Its advantage over the standard power-law transformations is to enhance sharpness /smoothness and contrast with a single function by appropriate choice of control parameters. Sharpness control parameter can be also used to smoothen the image by taking the negative value of sharpness parameter. This method can be applied both to grey scale and colour images like Gamma Correction (GC). In the case of colour images, it is applied to each channel R, G and B separately.

43-46

Authors: Shahzad Memon, Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah, Khalil Khoumbati and Imadad Ali Ismaili

Governments in several countries such as Pakistan are adopting the latest information and communication technologies to increase the efficiency of organizations and services. One of the major reasons for this is to transfer and store a large amount of very important government records as eDatabases (G-eDbases) such as the database managed by the National Database Registration Authority in Pakistan. This type of data is highly confidential therefore needs to be protected from an unauthorized access. Presently, access to these databases is based on software based authentication technologies such as password based encryption schemes, which can protect from an unauthorized access to some extent. This mode of authentication access can however be compromised. It is therefore important to use more secured and reliable methods to access to the GeDbases, which is increasingly important in the current situation of security in the country. In this paper, the authors suggest a hypothetical model of securing sensitive Databases using multibiometric technology that will replace the traditional password based access scheme and prevent unauthorized access to GeDbases.

62-66

Authors: Ajay Goel, O.P.Sahu, Sheifali Gupta and Rupesh Gupta

OCR is the acronym for Optical Character Recognition. This technology allows a machine to automatically recognize characters through an optical mechanism. Human beings recognize many objects in this manner our eyes are the “optical mechanism. Development of OCRs for Indian script is an active area of activity today. Optical character recognition (OCR) is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text. In simple words OCR is a visual recognition process that turns printed or written text into an electronic character based file. OCR is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and machine vision. Though academic research in the field continues, the focus on OCR has shifted to implementation of proven techniques. A lot of work had been carried out for OCR at international scenario but in Indian context a concrete approach for character recognition is still required as scripts of Indian languages are from the group of most complex scripts and it is very hard to recognize them. Indian scripts present great challenges to an OCR designer due to the large number of letters in the alphabet, the sophisticated ways in which they combine, and the complicated graphemes they result in. The problem is compounded by the unstructured manner in which popular fonts are designed. There is a lot of common structure in the different Indian scripts. All existing OCR systems developed for various Indian scripts do not provide sufficient efficiency due to various factors. The objective of this paper is to discuss a more efficient character recognition technique. This paper introduces a new technical approach to recognize Indian script characters which are unpredictable due to different problems in other OCR’s.

1-6

Authors: Hla Myo Tun

Creating computer generated caricature from given photograph will be a great source of entertainment to all people because caricatures are funny, humorous and satirical. To generate caricature it requires artificial intelligence to capture the non-linear relationships between photograph and drawn caricature. It means that computer has to think itself what will be caricature for the given photograph. A formalization of this idea, Exaggerating the Difference from the Mean (EDFM) is widely accepted among caricaturists to be the driving factor behind caricature generation. As artificial intelligence is based on neural network, the key research is required to investigate neural network and design its implementation. No attempt has been taken in the past to identify these distinct drawing styles. Yet the proper identification of the drawing style of an artist will allow the accurate modeling of a personalized exaggeration process, leading to fully automatic caricature generation with increased accuracy. In this paper the author provides experimental results and detailed analysis to prove that a Cascade Correlation Neural Network (CCNN) can be successfully used for transforming caricature generation from photos.

10-13

Authors: Saifuddin Ahmed Jilani and M.Ayub Khan Yousuf Zai

In this communication, we use observations of solar flare duration for calculation of intensity of solar particles emitted at Pakistan atmospheric region over a period of 1979-2006, to predict local behavior with proper degree of accuracy. Actually short records not fully describe the diurnal cycle but different spectral technique like Periodogram and spectral density are helpful in disclosing the true picture behind any physical phenomena. We find hidden periodicities and pin-point the peak frequencies in the time series during active sun by applying confidence limits to the peaks of these spectral estimates. The Fourier coefficients and spectral energy for different portion of the time series have also been calculated.

18-25

Authors: Pang Ying Han, Andrew Teoh Beng Jin, Fazly Salleh Abas and Ooi Shih Yin

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) is an unsupervised non-linear manifold learning method, which has spurred increased interest in face recognition research recently. However, it is commonly known that a supervised method that considering the class-specific information always outperforms the unsupervised one, especially in biometric recognition task. In this paper, we propose a supervised LLE technique, known as class-label Locally Linear Embedding (cLLE). cLLE aims to discover the non-linearity of high-dimensional data by minimizing the global reconstruction error of the set of all local neighbors in the data set. cLLE method is using user class-specific information in neighborhoods selection and thus preserves the local neighborhoods. Since the locality preservation is correlated to the class discrimination, the proposed cLLE is expected superior to LLE in face recognition. Experimental results on three face databases demonstrate the success of the proposed technique.

37-42

Authors: Shahzad Ahmed

There have been a number of methods presented by various researchers for traffic prediction, some of which involve modeling the problem of traffic prediction as a time series. It has been observed that Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) perform better than statistical methods for time series forecasting. The network performance and complexity varies with the choice of algorithm used. Back propagation (BPNN) has been used to predict IP traffic with a fair degree of accuracy but as the prediction interval increases and the inputs change drastically the forecasting accuracy suffers [9]. This paper discusses the use of Focused Time Delay Feed Forward Neural Network architecture to predict IP traffic patterns and overcome the short comings of back propagation neural networks when used for traffic forecasting along with improvements to the BPNN by using additional inputs like holidays and maintenance downtimes.

53-55

Authors: S.M. Zia-ul-Haque and M.Ayub Khan Yousuf Zai

In this communication, the effect. of ozone layer depletion on the chlorophyll of the plants under observation has been studied. Ozone absorbs the specific range of ultraviolet radiation (UV) reaching the earth’s surface. Data for two samples was selected for analysis. One set of data used to measure chlorophyll fluorescence before expose to UV termed as number of chlorophyll fluorescence before exposure (NOCFBEX) and second set of data utilized to measure chlorophyll fluorescence solar exposure that is indicated by number of chlorophyll fluorescence solar exposure (NOCFSEX). It has been observed that the process before exposure is quite acceptable, that the chlorophyll is maximum and varying with the number of time of observations. In the second case, the minimum chlorophyll has been exhibited due to the disorder in the chlorophyll nature and the process becomes non-stationary. Quantification of the chlorophyll fluorescence of the leaves of the plant under observations has been interpreted. As a result of UV-B exposure trend equations exhibit the existence of non-stationary and stationary in the leaves.

1-7

Authors: Pang Ying Han and Andrew Teoh Beng Jin

A two-factor revocable authentication approach, combining user-specific pseudo-random bit sequence with biometrics is presented. Through the mixing process, a distinct binary code, coined as BioBit, is formed. This provides a protection layer against biometrics fabrication because the system can cancel the compromised and reacquire a new one via bits replacement. BioBit delivers lower error rate as compared to sole biometrics when the genuine token is used by the authorized user. There are two identity theft scenarios may be raised: 1. stolen-biometrics: an imposter possesses intercepted biometrics data to be considered genuine; 2. stolen-token: an imposter has access genuine token and used it to claim himself as the genuine user. BioBit scheme shows the impressive performance (EER=0.001% and EER=0.002% tested on ORL and FERET datasets) in case 1. For the stolen-token case, this approach attains EER=1.28% and EER=1.36% on ORL and FERET datasets.

17-24

Authors: Zahid Riaz, Christoph Mayer, Matthias Wimmer, and Bernd Radig

This paper describes a novel idea of face recognition across facial expression variations using model based approach. The approach follows in 1) modeling an active appearance model (AAM) for the face image, 2) using optical flow based temporal features for facial expression variations estimation, 3) and finally applying binary decision trees as a classifier for facial identification. The novelty lies not only in generation of appearance models which is obtained by fitting active shape model (ASM) to the face image using objective but also using a feature vector which is the combination of shape, texture and temporal parameters that is robust against facial expression variations. Experiments have been performed on Cohn-Kanade facial expression database using 61 subjects of the database with image sequences consisting of more than 4000 images. This achieved successful recognition rate up to 91.17% using decision tree as classifier in the presence of six different facial expressions.

33-38

Authors: Sajad Shirali-Shahreza and Mohammad Shirali-Shahreza

Establishing hidden communication is an important subject that nowadays has gained increasing importance. Embedding a secret message into a cover media without attracting any attention, known as steganography, is one of the methods used for hidden communication. In this paper, we present an advanced version of “Collage Steganography” method which is robust against various attacks. In this method, an image (for example a view of a room) is created which contains some coded information. This method is robust against attacks such as adding noise, blurring, JPEG compression, and print-scan attacks.

45-48

Authors: Hla Myo Tun, Htin Lin and Zaw Min Naing

Advanced industrial automation system can be monitored and controlled by real time situation is more useful than other formal systems in the sector of industrial life. Distributed Control System (DCS) is more popular than any other control systems in the modern industrial processes. This research leads to “Real Time Graphical User Interface Monitoring System” for Micro-Factory. The current research project is based on the construction of DCS based Micro-factory. The Industrial Local Area Network (LAN) is built between the server for the operator and the clients for the two robots control and only one CNC milling machine. The client- server model is more suitable for this research. The existing DCS can be divided into two sections: the first one is cheap and inflexible control and the second one is expensive but it is flexible control system. This research le flexible distributed control system. In this research, the simulation of the whole process is described in realtime condition by using Visual Basic.Net programming under Visual Studio 2005 software. The parallel ports of Client computers and the controllers have been communicated with parallel port interface VB.Net program.

56-59

Authors: Anees ul Mehdi

Modularity is important in the collaborative development of large scale ontologies. The subject has already been studied deeply and different notions of modularity have been introduced. Further different algorithms for extracting module are developed. Such an extraction requires an input ontology and a signature. The extracted module is a subset of the original ontology containing no concept name and role names other than those occurring in the input signature. In this paper we focus on a very special case of importing a single concept i.e., our input signature contains only a single concept name. We will see that we always end up with the same set of modules (modulo the concept name being imported). An extracted module for a single concept name (using the current techniques), may contain a lot more other concept names and role names, we prove that when we are only interested in the consequences of the extracted module, we don’t get more information except of what we get from the set of modules we present here.