Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

15-26

Authors: Abdel Monem M. Shamah, Mohamed M. El-Desoky, Farid F. Hanna, Peter N.G. Ibrahim, Noor A. Ibrahim

Single phase f.c.c. Fe60Cu40 solid solution was successfully obtained by attritor ball milling after 10 hours of milling. The formation of this solid solution after this short time of milling spots the light on the advantage of attritor as a powerful tool of mechanical alloying, capable of providing sufficiently high energy during the milling process. The formed f.c.c. Fe60Cu40 solid solution has a grain size in the nano-scale (about 10 nm), and a lattice parameters expanded with respect to that of pure f.c.c. Cu. The high temperature annealing of the formed f.c.c. Fe60Cu40 solid solution results in the decomposition of the solid solution and in the separation of phases. The formed f.c.c. Fe60Cu40 solid solutions were found to be ferromagnetic, which confirms the existence of f.c.c. Fe atoms in these solid solutions in magnetic state with non-zero value of magnetic moment. Our calculations of magnetic moment per Fe atom gave a value of 1.465 µB for the Fe60¬Cu40 sample after 10 hours of milling, and 1.373 µB after 20 hours of milling. These values are discussed in light of the possibility of coexistence of -Fe in two magnetic states (HS and LS) in these solid solutions.

35-42

Authors: Muhammad Awais, Taimoor M. Gondal, Khunsa Iftikhar, Umar Hayyat

This paper presents a novel inverter topology. A four-level inverter design is presented. A circuit topology is implemented that requires a single isolation supply for gate drive of all drive MOSFETs. The drive sequences are multilevel counter parts of binary programmed pulse width modulation, in that the set of integral values for voltage input to inverter circuit has four members rather than two as in the case of binary. These sequences are optimized using mixed integral linear programming tool of Matlab. The resulting sequences are tested on circuit of inverter in Pspice using SPLS interface. The harmonic contents comparison of the proposed technique is performed with its binary counterpart inverter, which confirms the performance superiority of the presented technique.

60-64

Authors: Anurag Paliwal, Navneet Agrawal, Ashik Hussain

This paper represent results comparison obtain form OPTTD system for pre composition techniques with FCC and PN sequences in which output results for BER and Q factor for each FCC and PN have been compared and analyzed individually towards high speed and low attenuation of signal using OptiSystem tool. In this research paper finally it is comes out from various results that FCC is giving low BER and low attenuation in pre composition techniques as compare to the PN Sequence with same length.

71-77

Authors: BICH-TRAM TRUONG-LE

The hydrogel system reported in this paper is a new approach for the development of supramolecular hydrogels. In this system, Folic acid has been conjugated with α-Cyclodextrin and then used as a building block for constructing novel supramolecular hydrogels together with Poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether in aqueous solutions. To understand and modulate the gelation process, we studied the gelation kinetics, hydrogel strength; shear thinning rheological behavior and thixotropic property by dynamic and steady rheometry give various amounts of MPEG and α-CD-FA. This study is aimed at developing novel, inexpensive hydrogels for containing drug and with the potential for targeting cancer cells in vitro.

84-88

Authors: Hasan Keleş

Conic sections are formed when you intersect a plane with a right circular cone. In this tutorial, we will learn more about what makes conic sections special. Here we will have a look at three different conic sections ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. All of these geometric figures may be obtained by the intersection a double cone with a plane. All conic sections have equations of the form , where A, B, C, D, E, F ϵ ℝ. Here we have drawn a different approach to the conic sections that can be drawn by geometric or matrix methods [2]. The drawing of the conic sections, which are rotated at the origin, in the literature. In the paper we do calculation for that conics will be drawn if it is rotated at a displaced point [1].

92-98

Authors: Kamal Gautam, Gurudatt Kakkar, Kiran Soni, Shalini Jain

The invention of online social networks has been one of the most exciting events in this decade. Many online social networks such as Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook becoming popular day by day. In addition, multimedia networks such as Flicker also gaining increasing popularity in recent years. Now day’s social networks are extremely rich in content, and they typically enclose a tremendous amount of matter and linkage data which can be leveraged for analysis. It has been noticed that in this present era, many people have become dependent on social networks, especially it’s increasingly popular among youth with greater intensity which found good and bad impact on them and society, so even social networks are better, still its use should be limited or can say use as need.

103-108

Authors: Shahin Ahmadi, Ferdous Kord Mostafapour

Leachate pollution is the result of biological, chemical and physical processes in landfills combined with waste composition and landfill water regime .A low cost adsorbent, tea waste was used for adsorption studies. The results showed that Maximum COD removal rates for 84% in coagulation for the alum pretreated leachate, the maximum COD removal is 87.5% using tea waste adsorbent with optimum dose of 1 g/L. Therefore combination of coagulation and absorbed is sufficient for treatment of this leachate such as tea waste adsorption should be applied.

120-126

Authors: UZOMA, Emmanuel Sunny Kanayo, OGUNLEYE, Olusesan Sola

Owing to man’s quest to survive and earn a living, the environment has been exploited and its resources used to satisfy his insatiable want. This study focuses on the impact of improper solid waste disposal in Abossey Okai; a widely known suburb of Accra, Ghana. Data was collected through the administration of questionnaires and focus group discussion. Simple descriptive analytical tables and percentages were used to analyse data. The study revealed that the major cause of improper solid waste disposal in the Abossey Okai area is the inability of the waste management company to collect waste frequently: this result in environmental and health impacts. The study recommended that for solid waste to be managed and disposed of properly, waste management institutions should be empowered financially to meet the increasing waste being generated by an ever increasing population in the area and Ghana at large.

132-140

Authors: Sangotayo, Emmanuel O., Itabiyi, Olukunle E., Adedeji, Kasali A., Adegoke, Tona, Elehinafe, Oluwatosin L.

Activated Carbon (AC) is used for absorbing substances of crystalline form, having a large internal pore structures that make the carbon more suitable absorbent. This study entails the experimental studies of the characterization of activated carbon produced from local materials which includes: activated carbon from coconut shell, coconut husk, maize husk and palm kernel shell. Pyrolysis process was carried out using the pyrolysis setup on the agricultural residues sourced from local farm to produce activated carbon. The carbons were activated through chemical activation process using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activating agents at room temperature. Iodine value and surface area of the activated carbons produced and imported activated carbon were investigated. The mass of activated carbons produced from coconut shell, coconut husk, maize husk and palm kernel shell are 688.21 g, 539.89 g, 482.53 g and 707.37 g, respectively. The percentage composition of Iodine value obtained from imported activated carbon (12.143 %), coconut husk (60.1 %), maize husk (38.1 %), palm kernel shell (24.286 %) and coconut shell (63.571 %) and the percentage surface area of imported activated carbon (42 %), coconut shell (21 %), coconut husk (24.1 %), maize husk (33.1 %) and palm kernel shell (37 %). The results revealed that all the activated carbons produced has higher adsorption capacity than the imported carbon, that has the lowest adsorption activity level. Hence, the higher the iodine number the higher the rate of adsorption of activated carbon and locally produced carbon from agricultural residue can be used to replace the imported carbon. It will enhance the economy of the country by reducing the dependence on the foreign product and economy controlled by dollar index.

148-156

Authors: Bostjan Kovacic , Rok Kamnik

Height determination is one of the most important geodetic works in building construction. Most often it is used for the altitude presentation of the terrain to determine displacements, the height of buildings and for various precise laboratory and scientific research. The expected values in determining displacements and deformations can be confirmed with these results. A lot of methods can be used for determination of height differences; the choice of a method depends on the complexity of the project. Lately, one of the most frequently used methods is GNSS (Global navigations satellite system), which gives us fairly reliable 2D positional results while the altitude component does not give us such reliable outcomes. The obtained results for testing the GNSS measurements were compared by a robotic total station accuracy of 0.5. Before the experiment was conducted, temporal analysis of GNSS data was captured by individual axes and the different ways of processing information. The focus is on planning GNSS measurements needed for complex measurements. In order to improve the determination of the height, the component was increased in GNSS method of data collection from 10 Hz to 100 Hz, which is a partially improved end-Drag to change size.

161-169

Authors: LARBI Badreddine, ALIMI Wael, CHOUIKH Ridha, GUIZANI Amenallah

One of the critical factors which determine the performance of PEMFC is the pore structure characteristic of many of the fuel cell components such as membrane, backing layer and catalyst layer. This paper provides a comparative study between different porous media in the PEMFC by a numerical modeling of bidirectional and steady problem of PEMFC using a single domain and a control-volume method. The model consists of non-linear, coupled partial differential equations representing the conservation of mass, momentum, species, charges and energy with electrochemical reactions valid for gas-diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers and membrane region. This model provides results concerning the species mass fraction, potential and temperature distribution in different domain with various porosity. This model presents valuable information on the transport and heat phenomena inside the fuel cell.

176-180

Authors: Onwusuru I, Okolo Chidiebere C, Uka Chukwuma, Ohuabunwa Austine, Nwafor Chibuikem M

This article explainsthe technicalsoftware known as MATLAB and the simulation techniques. MATLAB has many advantages compared to most conventional computer language for solving technical problems. Is has an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not require dimensioning. This article gives any user a guide on how to operate the software and simulate with it as well etc.

187-191

Authors: Sharmin Shoukat, Sadia Rabby

Footwear is an important part for fashion. It is related with every persons fashion and necessity. From ancient period to till now footwear hold an important part for every person. It’s becoming a part of our daily life. There has been some change in footwear designs, while they are using in modern time due to the reason of changing tradition, culture, trend, fashion and demand. In my research I have showed that the variation of shoes of different period and the implementation of the footwear in modern time. The purposes of the research are to find out the variation of footwear.

199-207

Authors: V.O. Fagoyinbo, A. Adepitan, O. Ojelabi, M.O. Adeyem

The groundwater of some areas around the waste dump at Isolo, Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria was assessed for its chemical characteristics. 15 water samples were collected for assessment from 11 wells and 4 boreholes. The samples were analyzed in ACME Analytical Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The physical properties of the samples were determined in the field apart from that of TDS which was carried out in the laboratory. The results showed that TDS for 10 samples are within normal range while that of 5 samples were above normal. 3 of the 5 samples with high TDS are open wells. The high TDS is a result of pollution. The remaining 2 samples might be from geogenicsouces or contamination through the coating of the inner layer of the pipes. Most of the cations and anions fall within the SON and WHO limit indicating that the water is usable. The SAR is high while salinity hazard classified 10 of the water samples as no hazard with 5 as slightly hazardous and ESP classified the water as slightly sodic. Piper trilinear, Schoeller, Stiff and Durov diagrams were employed to determine the chemical characters of the water samples. They all showed that the water is rich in Na and Cl. It fell in the saline facies (Na + K – Cl) group. 10 of the samples are fresh water while 5 are brackish water. With little treatment and reduction of the salt content, the water will be useful for all purposes.

213-217

Authors: Oyeniyi P., Aina O.O., Adegoroye S.A., Osakinle E.O.

This study was on barriers to participation in physical activities by persons with disability in South Western Nigeria. The sample for the study consisted of 300 persons with disability who were selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The sample included 290 male and 110 female participants. The research instrument was self designed questionnaire which was validated by experts in measurement and evaluation. The reliability of the instrument was carried out at Ikere-Ekiti through one short test and the result subjected to Cronbach alpha statistics and an “r” of 0.80 was obtained. The data collected was done on the spot by the researchers and research assistants in schools for persons with disability and rehabilitation centres in Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Osogbo, Ile-Ife and Ado-Ekiti. The result showed that parental influence, possession of equipment and fear of injury are all significant barriers to participation in physical activities among persons with disability in South Western Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that parents of persons with disability should be educated on the importance of physical activities so that they would encourage their children to participate in physical activities. Schools should always provide equipment for physical activities in order to encourage participation in physical activities, while persons with disability should be taught safety rules of participating in physical activities.