Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

5-17

Authors: S. Snigirov, snigirev@te.net.ua, Odesa National I. Mechnikov University, Odesa; S. Bushuev, jugniro@meta.ua, Southern Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Odesa Centre, Odesa

Purpose. To provide recommendations on further optimum sustainable use of all water area of the Khadzhbey lagoon as a fisheries water body. Methodology. Hydrological and ichthyological samples have been collected according to standard methods. Fish were caught using gill net with mesh size from 25 to 110 mm and twin trawl with mesh size of 30–40 mm in cod-end. The methodical guidelines «Metodiki zboru і obrobki іhtіologіchnih і gіdrobіologіchnih materіalіv z metoju viznachennja lіmіtіv promislovogo viluchennja rib z velikih vodoshovishh і limanіv Ukrainy» (К., 1998) and «Metodicheskie ukazanija po ocenke chislennosti ryb v presnovodnyh vodoemah» (M.: VNIIPRH, 1990) were used for fish stock assessment. Findings. The paper presents the data on the state of food base of the Khadzhybei lagoon, the dynamics and current state of commercial fish fauna associated with water salinity changes. It was demonstrated that the annual commercial catch of fish in the Khadzhybey lagoon in 2007–2014 ranged from 302.4 to 1,119.0 tons. The catches were dominated by red lip mullet (haarder) (149.7–905.1 tons), Chinese carps (56,5–282,3 tons) and Prussian carp (10,1–171,7 tons). The stock of haarder and pikeperch in the Khadzhybey lagoon depends on the efficiency of their spawning as well as on the intensity of fish harvest. The stocks of freshwater fish — Prussian carp, silver carp, bighead carp, and common carp completely depend on artificial stocking with these species. It was shown that there is a tendency of the gradual increase in salinity of the water body in the condition of the regulated inflow of rivers, loss of the permanent connection of the lagoon with the sea, and climate change. Further increase in the salinity will result in significant reduction in fish productivity of the water body. A necessity for performing works aimed at improving the hydrological regimen of waters of the Khadzhybey lagoon and Paliev bay was shown. Originality. The recommendations on the optimum sustainable use of the total area of the Khadzhybey lagoon as a fisheries water body are provided for the first time. Current state of commercial fish fauna is presented. Practical value. Two variants (trends) of fisheries use of the Khadzhibey lagoon and Paliev Bay as a single water body were proposed. The introduced red lip mullet Liza haematocheila (Temminck et Schlegel, 1845) as the species the most adapted to the current regime of high salinity in the lagoon serves as the major commercial species in the both cases of the proposed exploitation of the lagoon. Keywords: Khadzhybey lagoon, commercial fish fauna, sustainable use, fish productivity.

34-45

Authors: B. Grishin, Grinya_b@mail.ru, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; S. Krazhan, stalina_krazan@mail.ru, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; N. Chuzhma, n_chuzma@ukr.net, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv

Purpose. To assess the development of main components of natural forage base in nursery ponds during the period of rearing the carp fish seeds in monoculture. Methodology. Hydrobiological (bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos) and hydrochemical samples have been collected and processes according to generally accepted methods. Findings. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of the development of bacterio-, phyto-, zooplankton and zoobenthos in nursery ponds have been studied when rearing young-of-the-year Lubin few scale carp, Antoninsko-Zozulenets carp and their reciprocal crosses in monoculture (50 thousand fish/ha). General water mineralization in ponds was 292.7–315.7 mg/dm3 and according to O.A. Alekin’s classification, pond water belonged to hydrocarbonate class of calcium group. Water pH was 7.4–7.5. Permanganate values were 12.5–14.9 mgO/dm3. On average, average ammonium nitrogen content, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, mineral phosphorus, total iron did not exceed normative values. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of phyto-, bacterio-, zooplankton of nursery ponds have been studied. The seasonal development of phytoplankton was within 15.96–20.88 mg/dm3 with the predominance of Chlorococcales in the floristic spectrum. The development of bacterioplankton was within 5.08–5.81 mg/dm3. Zooplankton was dominated by cladoceran-copepod complex with average seasonal values of 5.27–17.20 g/m3. Zoobenthos was formed of Diptera larvae (Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) with average seasonal biomasses of 0.51–1.8 g/m2. According to saprobic parameters, pond water belonged to β-mesosabrobic zone and corresponded to the water quality class II (“clean enough” category). Fish productivity of nursery ponds was within 617.2–815.2 kg/ha; output of carp young-of-the-year was within 39.82–43.56%, mean weight of young-of-the-year was 31.0–39.3 g. Originality. For the first time we carried out a comprehensive assessment of the natural forage base in nursery ponds when rearing carp fish seeds in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of Vinnitsa region at the fish farm “Merkuriy”. Practical value. The obtained data allow rearing high quality young-of-the-year Lubin few scale carp, Antoninsko-Zozulenets carp and their reciprocal crosses. Keywords: phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, saprobity, young-of-the-year carp.

55-66

Authors: M. Maksimenko, maksmzp@gmail.com, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv

Purpose: To determine species and weight composition of anglers’ catches and their part in the total fish catch on the Kakhovka reservoir. Methodology. The work is based on the ichthyological material obtained from the catches of anglers and commercial gill nets with mesh size of 36-120 mm during 2011-2013 in the upper and middle parts of the Kakhovka reservoir. Data collection and processing were carried out according to conventional methods. In total, during the study period, 7775 fish from 455 day anglers’ catches as well as 18165 fish from commercial catches for 6435 net-days have been analyzed. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed in MS Excel. Findings. Twenty seven fish species (64% of reservoir fish fauna) belonging to 7 families were observed in anglers’ catches (excluding fish caught by spearing) on the Kakhovka reservoir. The estimated catch per one finished fishing trip in the study zone of the Kakhovka reservoir was 27.7 fish or 2.4 kg. Species diversity and amounts of anglers’ day catches varied depending on the fishing techniques used (from the boat or shore) and fishing season (ice fishing or open water). Averaged day catch on the Kakhovka reservoir was within the range set by valid Fishing regulations excluding fishing from the boat, where some insignificant excess was observed (3 kg), however, 20.4% among the analyzed catches exceeded the daily allowable catch. The total anglers’ catch on the Kakhovka reservoir was 747 tons (3.5 kg/ha) or 33% of the commercial one. Commercial and recreational fishing on the Kakhovka reservoir are based on the same the most abundant fish species: gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), roach (Rutilus rutilus), bream (Abramis brama), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). However, a significant part in anglers’ catches consists of species, which are exploited by commercial fishing in lower degree or are not exploited at all, including coarse and low value fish. This fact confirms the amelioration role of recreational fishing, which has been mentioned by researches for other water bodies. Originality. For the first time in modern time, an assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of anglers’ catches on the Kakhovka reservoir has been provided. Practical values. For the first time, fish yield of the Kakhovka reservoir has been determined taking into account anglers’ catch. The paper contains propositions on the accounting for anglers’ catches in the assessment of limits and allowable harvest amounts of aquatic living resources. Keywords: Kakhovka reservoir, recreational fishing, commercial fishing, fishing gears, catch structure, norms of daily catch, catch limits.

77-90

Authors: V. Kovalenko, kovalenko_va_58@i.ua, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv; О. Poplavska, lenusik921-5@mail.ru, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv; V. Shumova, v.m._life@ukr.net, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv; M. Sіmon, seemann.sm@gmail.com, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv

Purpose. To study the efficiency of replacing the preparation of sturgeon hypophyses, which is traditional for sturgeon culture but scarce and expensive, with its carp analogue as well as with preparations, which induce own gonadotrophic function of brood sterlet hypophysis when producing offspring in aquaculture conditions. Methodology. The research was performed in the framework of the NULES research theme for 2013–2015, in the conditions of the Fishery Academic, Research and Production Laboratory of the Aquaculture Department (hatching room and fish culture facility with closed water supply in Nemishaev, Borodianka district, Kyiv region). The control in the experiment on a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of different spawning inducers for artificially reproduced sterlet was Reproginol (powder of acetoned sturgeon hypophysis in 50 mg capsules). The experimental variant 1 included acetoned hypophyses of Prussian carp and common carp (no older than a year and half since their collection). The experimental variant 2 is experimental synthetic fish spawning inducer Vadilen-2 (the developer of the preparation is Kovalenko V. O., assistant professor of the Aquaculture Department of the NULES of Ukraine). Collection and processing of experiment data were performed using conventional aquaculture research methods. Findings. It was found that Vadilen-2 produced inducing effect on the gonadotrophic function of sterlet hypophysis and transition from the 4th to the 5th stage of maturation. The effective doses of Vadilen-2 with water temperature of 13–15°C for sterlet females and males were 0.8–1.0 and 0.5–0.6 mg per 1 kg of brood fish, respectively. We observed that sterlet females, which were kept in basins of the recirculated water facility, showed worse results during incubation period when they missed winter period compared to fish, which were kept in the water with natural temperature in the winter. The possibility of replacing the preparation of sturgeon hypophysis with its carp analogue when artificially reproducing sterlet and the advisability of using tannin as a substance for eliminating egg adhesiveness has been justified. Originality. For the first time in Ukraine, a comparative evaluation of using preparations of different origins as well as the nature of the stimulating effect on induction spawning condition in artificially reproduced sterlet was performed and its efficiency was proven. Practical value. The obtained results are recommended to be implemented at enterprises of sturgeon aquaculture. The materials can also be used when writing academic and methodological manuals for training aquaculture specialists at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in the specialties of “Water biological resources and aquaculture” and “Water bioresources” (specialization “Sturgeon culture”). Keywords: sterlet, hypophisis, Vadilen-2, spawning state, eggs, sperm, tannin, fertilization, incubation.

99-106

Authors: L. Dragan, dragan_l@ukr.net, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; M. Maistrenko, irido1@bigmir.ru, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; G. Lyubchenko, gannalb@yahoo.com, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; Yu. Rud, rud_yuriy@ifr.com.ua, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv; L. Buchatsky, irido1@bigmir.ru, Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv;

Purpose. To study the effect of the use of indirect (express-) method for the detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus of trout by investigating aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in fish liver, as the most sensitive enzymes for the diagnostics of many pathological conditions of human and animal organisms associated with liver diseases. Methodology. The determination of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in trout liver was performed by Reitman-Frankel method. The functional status of liver was also evaluated using De Ritis coefficient (AST/ALT ratio), which serves as an integral index of the changes related to the degree of the damage of this organ. Findings. The determination of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) found out a considerable increase in the activity of these enzymes under the effect of the virus of infectious pancreatic necrosis. It is set that direction of aspartate aminotransferase reactions in the conditions of viral infection takes place mainly in the side of formation of keto-acids, providing the synthesis of glucose which is needed above all things for energetic supply of synthetic processes. The increase of activity of AsAT plays an important role in synchronization of energetic and nitrous exchange which is carried out at the level of mitochondrias. Increase of DeRitisa (DRr) coefficient in the conditions of our experiment characteristic for viral hepatitis and can specify on activating of synthesis of glucose which is needed for support of adequate level in the conditions of viral intoxication and determines the orientation of metabolic streams toward predominance of catabolytic reactions. According to the results of the performed tests, the most informative was the test of the determination of alanine aminotransferase activity. Originality. Evaluation of the effect of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus on aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in the liver of rainbow trout was performed for the first time. Practical value. Due to the simplicity of the implementation of the analysis of alanine aminotransferase activity, this method can become effective express-method for the diagnostics of trout infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish farms. Keywords: infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, rainbow trout.

5-19

Authors: P. Shekk

Purpose. To study of the current species diversity of fish fauna in the water bodies included in the National Park “Tuzla lagoons”, to assess the perspectives of their commercial fisheries exploitation. Methodology. Collection of ichthyological material was performed in different seasons of 2011–2014 across the entire area of lagoons and coastal zone of the Black Sea included in the National Nature Park “Tuzla lagoons”. During commercial fish harvest, the material was collected from commercial fishing gear (gillnets, traps, hoop nets, beach seines). In fall, during the work of the fish catch-release channel, we analyzed the data describing the species composition, abundance and length-weight characteristics of fish migrating through the channel in the sea. We used the method of average representative sampling. During the closed period, ichthyologic material for the analysis was collected from the survey fishing gears. All catches were sorted by species composition. We recorded the total catch and the ratio of different species. Collection and processing of data were carried out using generally accepted methods. Findings. It 2011–2014, 72 fish species belonging to 30 families were detected in waters included in the National Nature Park “Tuzla lagoons”: 58 species in the coastal zone of the sea, 28 species in Dzhenshei and Maly Sasyk, 31 species in Tuzla lagoons. Among the fish detected in sea and freshwaters of the National Nature Park “Tuzla lagoons”, 6 species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 7 are protected by Bern Convention, 4 are lusted in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and 16 species are listed in the Red Book of the Black Sea. Before 2001, a mullet-rearing fish farm operated in Tuzla lagoons. Its fish productivity depended on the intensity and amounts of stocking which were determined by the regime of the work of lagoon–sea channels, state of natural food reserves, hydrometeorological conditions, and hydrochemical regime of water bodies. In order to optimize the ecological condition of the lagoons, to preserve their unique ecological communities, current economic status, biological diversity of biota and high fish productivity, it is necessary to foresee the construction and operation of at least two fish catch-release channels in spring and beginning of fall in the marine streamer. Originality. For the first time we carried out a study of the composition of fish fauna in water bodies included in the NPP “Tuzla lagoons”, assessed its current state and perspectives of its commercial fisheries exploitation. Practical value. The obtained data will contribute to the preservation of biological diversity in water bodies of the NPP, to the improvement of the efficiency of their commercial fisheries exploitation. Key words: National Nature Park “Tuzla lagoons”, fish fauna composition, distribution, fisheries exploitation.

31-40

Authors: A. Kucheruk; I. Hrytsyniak; A. Mruk; I. Velykopolsky

Purpose. The study was aimed at raising young-of-the-year European grayling and improving the industrial technology with the use of specialized artificial feeds. Methodology. The work on raising young-of-the-year European grayling was carried out in 2014 at the fish hatchery “Lopushno”, Chernivtsi region, during five months (May – September). YOY were obtained from 22 age-3–4 brood fish, which were kept in ponds of the natural reserve “Synevir”. Culture-biological parameters of brood fish were determined based on Pravdin (1966) method for salmonids. To avoid traumatization of fish, they were kept in the anesthetic “Propiscin” before the collection of sexual products. The condition factor was determined by Fulton’s formula. Findings. The mean weight of brood fish used for spawning was 110 g with the mean body length of 22 cm. Fulton’s condition factor of European grayling was: 1.1 in females and 1.0 in males. Feeding of larvae was as follows: starting feeds — live feeds (Cyclops, Moina), then the alternation of live feeds and a specialized starting feed for 30 days, and the artificial feed after. Raising European grayling from larvae to young-of-the-year was carried out in trays of different sizes from 0.5 m2 to 4.5 m2, water level in trays was increased according to fish growth from 20 cm to 42 cm. Water supply was 60 L/min, thus the rate of water exchange was from 0.5 to 1.7 times/hour that corresponded to technical norms for salmonids. Mean weight of the young-of-the-year on September 10 was 17.1 g, mean length was 11.8 cm. Originality. Consists in the comprehensive assessment and development of an integral mechanism of scientific principles and methodical recommendations on artificial reproduction of European grayling. Practical value. The results of the work will be used for the works on the reproduction of valuable fish species in aquaculture facilities of the Carpathian region. Key words: European grayling, larvae, young-of-the-year, feeding, artificial reproduction.

51-60

Authors: Т. Nagorniuk; I. Hrytsyniak; N. Borysenko

Purpose. Studying the peculiarities of the genetic structure of different age groups of silver and bighead carps from fish farm Limanske with the use of genetic-biochemical markers. Methodology. The methods of vertical polyacrylamide and horizontal starch electrophoresis with our own modifications have been used for the study. Sampling of the biological material and histochemical staining of gel plates were carried out using the generally accepted methods. Statistical analysis of the obtained data were performed in "Biosys-I". Findings. We analyzed the genetic structure of age-1, age-1+ and age-2 of silver and bighead carps with the use of genetic-biochemical markers - Рralb, EST, MDH, МЕ, СА. We demonstrated the peculiarities of allele frequencies and genotypic composition of protein system loci. A high level of heterozygosity in the examined was detected loci for age-1 silver carp – 66.7-88.9% and age-1 bighead carp – 65.4-77.8%. A significantly higher level of the observed average heterozygosity compared to the expected heterozygosity of age-1 as silver carp (Ho = 75.9%, He = 49,6%), and bighead carp (Ho = 73,6%, He = 47,9%) was observed. This fact indicated on the necessity for performing a stabilization of their genetic structure. The calculated Wright's F index in different age groups showed a predominance of the observed level of the average heterozygosity over the expected one for 22.7–53% in silver carp and 24.5-53.7% in bighead carp. A stabilization of the genetic structure in age-2 silver carp (Ho = 57.8%; He = 47.1%) by the heterogeneity level was observed. Originality. For the first time we analyzed the genetic structure and the level of heterogeneity of the breeding groups of age-1, age-1+, age-2 silver and bighead carps from fish farm Limanske with the use of genetic-biochemical markers. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in selection and breeding works aimed at creating the breeding stocks of silver and bighead carps to control the level of interspecies genetic variability. The obtained experimental data of the genetic structure analysis of silver and bighead carps of different age groups will be used for the monitoring of the genetic structure changes during their adaptation to new environmental conditions. Key words: silver carp, bighead carp, age-1, age-1+, age-2, genetic-biochemical markers, genetic structure, alleles, genotype, heterozygosity.

69-80

Authors: AGE AND SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE SYMBIOCENOSES OF GRASS CARP AND SILVER CARP IN FISH PONDS

Purpose. Identification and analysis of age and seasonal dynamics of the symbiocenoses of grass carp and silver carp in fish ponds. Methodology. The work was performed at Belotserkovskoy hydrobiological station, located on the river Ros within Belaja Cerkov. The objects of the study were symbiotic communities of grass carp and silver carp of different age groups (from yearlings to age-5 fish). Fish underwent partial parasitological dissection using generally accepted methods. Findings. The age and seasonal dynamics of the symbiotic communitues of grass carp and silver carp were investigated during different seasons of one year. The effect of different factors on the formation of symbiotic communities have been analyzed. Different species of symbiotic organisms were characterized by different temperature preferences (Peritrcha have the highest rates of invasion in the summer). The distribution of symbionts depend on the way of their transmission. Some species of protista, monogenea and parasitic crustaceans infect the host during their high density (wintering or spawning). Other species of symbiotic organisms infect the host by nutritional way, therefore the invasion rates increase with the intensity of feeding. The differences in symbiotic community structure of fish of different age group are related to the differences in species biology. The composition of symbiotic communities of fish of different age groups contain symbiotic organisms that do not depend on the host age (metacercaria of Diplostomum, some Protista); species that more rapidly infect fish juveniles (some species of ciliates, cestoda – B. acheilognathi) and species that predominantly infect older age group (monogenea, parasitic crustaceans). Originality. For the first time, we performed complex investigations of symbiotic communities of grass carp and silver carp in view of the specificity of their biology and during different seasons. Practical value. The results of the work can be used for the development of optimum periods for pest control and prevention of epizooties as well as for controlling some species of parasites. Key words: symbiotic community, seasonal dynamics of symbionts, age dynamics of parasites.

89-102

Authors: I. Hrytsynyak; T. Shvets

Purpose. Creating of the thematic bibliographic list of publications dedicated to ecological and zoogeographical, morphological and biological, physiological, biochemical and genetic characteristics of the Danube salmon, as well as to its cultivation in Ukraine and abroad. Methodology. In the process of systematic search complete and selective methods were applied. The bibliographic core have been formed by the literature from the fund of scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS. Findings. There was composed the thematic list of publications in a quantity of 100 sources, containing characteristics of Danube salmon as representative of salmonids. Literary sources was arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 7.1:2006 «System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic entry. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules», as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style – international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of interests covers the questions of breeding, and researching of the salmon biological features. Key words: Danube salmon, distribution, reproduction, endangered species of fish, genetic features.

5-15

Authors: І. Hrytsyniak, D. Sharko, V. Shkarban, V. Plichko

Purpose. Fisheries has a strategic importance for supplying the population with food, while the sectors of the national economy with raw materials, for strengthening the country’s position in the international arena, for preserving spatial and national integrity of Ukraine, plays an important role in the restoration of natural resources and in the increase in employment. In recent years, fisheries sector of Ukraine is in a severe, protracted economic crisis. Considering its socio-economic and strategic importance for the state, there is a task for developing an effective policy for fisheries development in Ukraine that defines the relevance of the research and practical importance of its results. Thus, a compilation and analysis of the existing information on the current state and development of fisheries sector in the crisis period will allow a deeper understanding of problems in the fisheries sector in Ukraine and finding quick solutions. The main goal of the state policy in the field of fisheries in Ukraine has to be meeting the needs of the population in fish and fish products by creating conditions for effective operations and development of aquaculture and fishing enterprises. Findings. The article reviews the current state of the development of fisheries sector in Ukraine, consumption, catch, processing of fish and seafood, dynamics of fish product exports and imports, legislative and regulatory framework of fisheries sector, state of the implementation of WTO and EU requirements, as well as finding ways for the fisheries sector out from the crisis. Originality. This work is a compilation of the information on the current state of fisheries sector development in Ukraine. The information is provided in the form of a coherent presentation of information on the current state of fisheries sector in Ukraine, both in the domestic and foreign markets. Practical Value. The fact that the fisheries sector of Ukraine is still in a depressive state calls for further search of effective ways for creating and implementing the public policies for its development. This review of data and statistical information can be used in the planning and implementation of reforms to address such complex issues as finding ways for the fisheries sector of Ukraine out from the crisis and ensuring its further development in the coming years. Keywords: fisheries sector of Ukraine, import, export, crisis, WTO, EU.

26-33

Authors: O. Hulai, O. Zhukorskyi

Purpose. To analyze the role of piscivorous birds of Podiceps genus in the ecology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteria. Methodology. The serological examination of birds was performed using E. rhusiopathiae growth test reactions with blood on filter paper. The method of successive dilutions was used to prepare samples with 2.0 cm3 of nutrient medium containing serum concentrations of 10.0; 5.0; 2.5; 1.3; 0.6 and 0.3%. Each sample contained 0.05 cm3 of the daily culture of pathogenic bacteria E. rhusiopathiae as an antigen and was cultivated at 36.7±0.3°C. The results were recorded after 24 hours. Findings. The extensiveness of Podiceps cristatus infection was 47.1%, whereas that of Podiceps grisegena was 22.2%. Young birds were less affected by E. rhusiopathiae than adults. The infection rate was 4.9 times higher in adult P. cristatus birds (70.0%) than in the young ones. All seropositive birds P. grisegena belonged to the adult age group. There was no relationship between the birds’ sex and the extensiveness of E. rhusiopathiae infection rate. P. cristatus feeding mainly on fish had a greater risk of getting infected with pathogenic bacteria E. rhusiopathiae than P. grisegena. Originality. Serological studies of erysipelas in ichthyophagous birds of Podiceps genus have been conducted in Ukraine for the first time. Practical value. Piscivorous birds of Podiceps genus play an important role in the ecology of pathogenic bacteria E. rhusiopathiae. Erysipelothrix bacteria can not only rapidly multiply in the body of a bird, but more importantly, they can be transferred long distances between reservoirs. Thus, trophic, topical and phoric relationships are formed between P. cristatus, P. grisegena and E. rhusiopathiae. The ability of piscivorous birds to transmit pathogenic bacteria from one reservoir to others should be considered when carrying out the activities aimed at preventing and eliminating erysipelas diseases in people and farm animals. Keywords: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps grisegena, biocenotic relationships.

45-55

Authors: G. Kurinenko, A. Mruk, V. Solomatina

Purpose. To characterize the morphometric and morphologic peculiarities of peled grown in ponds of the aquaculture farms “Okonsk” and “Korop” for creating the initial brood stock for its further use for broadening species diversity in fish farms of Ukraine. Methodology. The study materials were the young-of-the-year and yearlings of peled obtained from the eggs imported in March 2008 from Russian Federation. According to Pravdin’s method, 27 plastic features, which are used most frequently for biological and systematic analyses, have been examined. The analysis of plastic features was carried out in the system of absolute values and in the index system – as percentages of the body length by Smith. Based on the analysis of the features, we examined their mean values (M± m), deviation (δ), and coefficient of variation (Cv). Findings. Based on the obtained data and available literature data, we carried out a comparative analysis of morphometric features of young-of-the-year peled grown in pond conditions of Polissya and Prykarpattya. An analysis of plastic and meristic features of yearlings with young-of-the-years has been conducted. A comparative analysis of the morphometric features of the yearlings reared in the conditions of Polissya with those of native water bodies from literature data has been carried out.With an increase in the body length in experimental fish, there is a decrease in the highest and lowest body depth values, anterodorsal distance, head and eye lengths, an increase in the values of pectoventral, postdorsal, anteanal distance and the dorsal fin height. Compared to fish from native water bodies, the examined fish are characterized by an increase in the snout length, eye diameter, head length, caudal peduncle length; a decrease in the anteanal, anteroventral, ventral distances, length of the base and height of the dorsal and abdominal fins. Originality. For the first time we carried out works on the study of the peculiarities of peled growth based on morphometric features in the conditions of their combined rearing in the Polissya and Prykarpattya zones. The obtained results will allow widening our knowledge on the topics of peled culture in pond farms in Ukraine. Practical value. The obtained results showed the plasticity of peled in the conditions of their combined rearing in the Polissya and Prykarpattya zones of Ukraine that will contribute to the creation of local brood stocks of peled. Keywords: peled, young-of-the-year, yearlings, morphometric features, morphologic features.

71-80

Authors: M. Maksimenko

Purpose: To determine the size composition of anglers’ catches in major fishing gears in the Kakhovka reservoir. Methodology: The work is based on ichthyological material obtained from anglers’ catches and commercial catches in gill nets with mesh size 36–120 mm during 2011–2013 in the upper and middle parts of the Kakhovka reservoir. Data collection and processing have been carried out based on generally accepted methods. In total, 7775 fish from 455 day anglers’ catches as well as 18165 fish from commercial catches for 6435 net-days have been analyzed during the study period. Statistical data processing was carried out in MS Excel. Findings: In the Kahovka reservoir, 76.96% in the anglers’ catches is by-catch of juvenile fish and this exceeds the respective value in commercial fisheries (5.97%). Catches from boats are characterized by the largest mean size of fish – 19.27 cm as well as the maximum body length – 74 cm, however, the by-catch of juvenile fish is the highest among the examined angling techniques – 77.26%. The largest amounts of juvenile fish are caught during winter period. Among popular hook and line gears, leger rigs catch the lowest percentage of juvenile by-catch (58.61%) compared to float fishing (96.79%). The degree of the relationship between the fish caught and hook size is small and characterized by a correlation coefficient from 0.33 (for summer fishing) to 0.56 (for ice fishing). Originality: A complex assessment of size characteristics of major targets of recreational fishing with the most common techniques and fishing gears has been carried out for the first time for a Ukrainian water body. Practical value: It was found that the anglers’ catches consist mainly of fish, which did not reach the minimum legal sizes set by Fishing rules and allowed for angling. Measures for conservation of fish juveniles when practicing recreational fishing have been proposed. Keywords: Kakhovka reservoir, recreational fishing, commercial fishing, fishing gears, catch size structure.

88-95

Authors: V. Filipov, A. Mruk, L. Dragan, L. Galoyan, L. Buchatsky

Purpose. To conduct the approbation of the previously developed dehydration-vitrification method on the sperm of brown trout with a rough estimate of component stages and process steps in the cryopreservation of the biological object: temperature adaptation, cryoprotector selection, of freezing-thawing mode, and cryopreservation method in general. Methodology. We developed and worked out the dehydration-vitrification method for freezing sperm of different fish species. Data collection and processing were performed by standard fish breeding techniques. Preparing and dilution of sperm by cryoprotective medium were carried out according to approved instructions. Findigs. We examined the possibility of brown trout sperm cryopreservation with the aid of the developed dehydration-vitrification method. The following conditions for cryopreservation of the biological object were determined: media and cryoprotectors, freezing-thawing modes. The effect of the technological steps of sperm cryopreservation process in brown trout on the reduction in preservation (S) and efficiency (W) was analyzed. The preservation of thawed sexual cells in brown trout with 90% initial activity of native sperm was 25%. The total efficiency of cryopreservation process was 28%. Duration of thawed sperm storage with its capacity for active translational movement after activation in water in different samples was about 15–30 seconds. It was noticed that the cause of decline in the efficiency of the cryopreservation process are complex factors such as various pH values, osmotic pressure of water and ejaculate dilution medium. These factors determine individual characteristics of biological objects and cryoprotective medium composition. Originality. The previously developed dehydration-vitrification method allowed obtaining the reliable result for sperm cryopreservation in browm trout for the first time. Practical value. The study showed the positive effect of applying the developed method and selected modes of sperm cryopreservation in brown trout. Keywords: сryopreservation, brown trout, sperm, survival.

108-119

Authors: L. Kurovskaya, V. Lysenko, S. Neborachek

Purpose. To study some morphometric parameters, protein and lysozyme content in organs and serum in several sturgeon species reared in aquiculture at the ages of 3, 8 and 18 months, and to investigate the specific and age distribution of lysozyme in fish organs. Methodology. For the experiments we used sturgeon species of different age groups reared in the fish farm «Fortuna XXI» located in the Galerny Gulf of the Dnepr river. The study objects were: bester (Huso huso×Acipenser ruthenus), age of 3, 8 and 18 months; Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), age of 3 months, Siberian sturgeon (A. baeri) and sterlet (A. ruthenus), age of 8 month. Following morphometric parameters were determined in the studied fish: weight (g), length (cm), absolute weight of liver, kidneys, spleen (mg), condition factor and relative weight (index, ‰) of organs. The lysozyme content was determined in serum and extracts of the tissues of fish organs by a diffusion method on the agar and protein content was determined by Louri's method. Findings. We detected significant differences in morphometric parameters, protein and lysozyme content in organs and serum of 3-month bester and Russian sturgeon as well as specific differences of relative organ weight, protein and lysozyme levels in organs and serum of 8-month Siberian sturgeon, bester and sterlet. A comparison of the investigated parameters in 3, 8 and 18-month bester showed an increase in the condition factor with fish growth, significant changes of protein content in fish of different age groups, high level of lysozyme in kidneys and serum of 18-month fish, redistribution of lysozyme contents in fish organs depending on age. Originality. First comparison of several morphophysiological parameters of 3, 8, 18-month sturgeon species (sterlet, Russian sturgeon, Siberian sturgeon, bester) reared in aquiculture. Practical value. Taking into account the high commercial value of sturgeon species, the conducted studies showed that in the conditions of cage culture with the use of live and high quality granulated feeds, juveniles and age 2 commodity sturgeons maintain the high level of general nonspecific immunity inherent to sturgeon species living in natural conditions. Keywords: sturgeons, fish age, morphometric parameters, protein, lysozyme, aquaculture.

5-15

Authors: S. Kruzhylina, I. Velykopolsky, O. Didenko

Purpose. To study qualitative and qualitative indices of macrozoobenthos as one of main components of the forage base of benthophagous fishes in mountain river reaches of the Transcarpathian region and determination of their saprobity level. Methodology. Thhj,9.e study was carried out in summer period of 2009 in mountain river reaches of the Tisa river catchment. Zoobenthos samples were collected by a Surber sampler (25 × 25 cm) on the bottoms of different fractions with different water flow rate (riffle, run, pool). Collection, processing and interpretation of the obtained data was carried out according to generally accepted hydrobiological methods developed for mountain river studies. Saprobity was of the studied rivers was calculated by Pantle-Buck formula. The Zelinka-Marvan saprobity index was used for calculations. Findings. Qualitative and quantitative macrozoobenthos indices have been studied. The number of zoobenthos on the investigated river sections ranged from 416 to 7712 ind./m2 with biomasses from 2.96 to 83.84 g/m2. The major portion of the zoobenthic biomass in the majority of rivers was due to caddis fly larvae composing up to 93% of the total biomass. An important role in the total biomass of the zoobenthos also belonged to mayfly (up to 53%) and stonefly (up to 55%) larvae and in lower degree amphipods (up to 39%), chironomid larvae (up to 14%) and aquatic coleopterans (up to 5%). According to the calculated potential fish productivity, the mountain rivers can be apparently separated into three groups: little productive (4.2–12.7 kg/ha), medium productive (13.2–21.6 kg/ha) and high productive (25.3–85.3 kg/ha). Mountain river reaches of the Transcarpathian region were found to belong to pure χ-saprobic, and о- і β-mesosaprobic zones, the saprobity index in which ranged from 0.35 (Rika river) to 1.7 (Shipot river). Originality. For further calculation and assessment of brown trout and European grayling stocking amounts for mountain reaches of the Tisa River basin, we investigated qualitative and quantitative indices of macrozoobenthos as one of major components of the forage base for benthophagous fishes and calculated their potential fish productivity. Practical value. Data on macrozoobenthos biomass and saprobity of mountain river reaches can be used for calculation and assessment of the possibility of stocking the studied river with juvenile brown trout and European grayling as well as for calculation of possible damages resulting from construction of small HPP (a tendency for construction of which on the Transcarpathian rivers lately becomes more significant). Keywords: Tisa river catchment, mountain rivers, macrozoobenthos, saprobity, potential fish productivity.

26-36

Authors: А. Dvoretsky, O. Zaychenko, L. Baydak, А. Кyrylenkо

Purpose. To study the development of the water quality of the Dniprovs’ke reservoir, which is a water of body of complex including fisheries importance and is characterized by an increased anthropogenic pressure as a result of the processes of the toxification and self-purification determined based on toxicity index (Іt). Methodology. We used the methods of bioindication (determination of the number and biomass of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacterioplankton), biotesting (Іt determinaiton with the aid of Daphnia magna), hydrochemistry (determination of main trophic-saprobiological parameters of water quality) as well as the correlation analysis of these parameters. Findings. According to the 2012 data, tropho-saprobiologic, algological, microbiological parameters and toxicity index as an integral parameter were analyzed concerning to water quality. Regularities of dynamics and relationship of the indexes were studied. The environmental assessment of water quality of the most polluted upper part of the Dniprovs’ke reservoirs was carried out for each of the parameters studied: in areas where agro-industrial wastes enter, water is classified as «moderately polluted» – «very dirty». The data testify to strong local water pollution of the reservoir and a good renewable ability of the ecosystem. It was shown that in conditions of human toxification the adequate response concerning water quality gives the toxicity index as an integral indicator of toxification and self-purification processes. The dual role of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacterioplankton in formation of water quality of the anthropogenically loaded reservoir was revealed: these components are involved in the processes of self-purification or toxification in accordance with periods of microalgae development during the season. This is displayed in corresponding changes of TI and the correlation coefficient. It was found that the self-cleaning of the reservoir is a major factor of improvement of the reservoir water quality and, consequently, the formation of environmentally safe habitat for fish. This is the main regularity, which affects the formation of self-cleaning processes and is reflected through the relations between hydrochemical, toxicological and hydrobiological indexes, the leading role in which is played by phytoplankton «blooming». Originality. For the fist time we showed that the correlation coefficient of the parameter with It gives an estimate of the contribution of the corresponding component of the reservoir ecosystem to the result of its toxification and self-purification. Practical value. The relationships, which relate It to ecosystem components, are important for the development of models for water quality and fish-productivity management. Keywords: self-purification, ecologically safe habitat, anthropogenic pressure, phytoplankton, bacterіoplankton, bioindication, biotesting.

58-69

Authors: P. Shekk

Purpose. To determine the optimum, critical, and threshold values of water oxygenation for embryos, larvae and fingerlings of mullets and flatfishes under different temperature conditions. Methodology. Oxygen consumption was studied in chronic experiments with «interrupted flow» method with automatic fixation of dissolved oxygen in water with the aid of an oxygen sensor and automatic, continuous recording of the obtained results. «Critical» (Pcrit.), and the «threshold» (Pthr.) oxygen tension in the water have been determined. Findings. Under optimum conditions, the normal embryogenesis of mullets and flatfish to the gastrulation stage, provided 90–130% oxygen saturation. The critical content was 80–85%, the threshold – 65–70% of the saturation. At the stage of «movable embryo» depending on water temperature and fish species, the optimum range of water oxygenation was within 70‒127.1%. The most tolerant to oxygen deficiency was flounder (Pcrit – 25.4–27,5; Pthr. – 20.5–22.5%), the least resistant to hypoxia was striped mullet (Pcrit. – 50–60; Pthr. – 35–40%). The limits of the critical and threshold concentration of dissolved oxygen directly depended on the temperature and salinity, at which embryogenesis occurred. An increase in water temperature and salinity resulted in an increase in critical and threshold values for oxygen tension embryos. Mullet and flatfish fingerlings in all stages of development had a high tolerance to hypoxia, which increased as they grew. They were resistant to the oversaturation of water with oxygen. The most demanding for the oxygen regime are larvae and fingerlings of Mugil серhalus and Liza aurata. Hypoxia tolerance of Psetta maeoticus and Platichthys luscus at all stages of development is very high. The fingerlings of these species can endure reduction of the dissolved oxygen in water to 2.10 and 1.65 mgO2/dm3 respectively for a long time without visible effects. Originality. For the first time, we experimentally established the optimum, critical and threshold values for water oxygenation for embryos, larvae and juveniles of striped mullet, golden mullet, haarder, flounder and Black Sea turbot. Practical value. The obtained data can be used for the optimization of culture conditions and commodity cultivation of mullets and flatfishes. Keywords: oxygen saturation, critical thresholds, embryos, larvae, fingerlings, mullets, flatfish.

78-85

Authors: O. Deren

Purpose. To study the effect of feeding carp with VMA premix in a complex with fodder yeasts and separately on their productivity and some biochemical parameters of blood as well as to analyze the level of provision of the experimental groups of fish with natural feeds. Methodology. The study was based on experimental and laboratory methods adopted in fisheries, hydro-chemical, biochemical and statistical studies. Findings. The study has established that, at early season, the cultured fish was provided with natural feeds to a certain degree that was evidenced by the analysis of the gut content of experimental groups. At the end of the season the percentage of natural feed in the gut content was low, but this time fish received normalized amount of artificial feed. Hydrochemical parameters in experimental ponds were within normal limits, and temperature regime was optimal for carp growth and metabolism. When feeding of 1+ carp was supplemented with to VMA premix, fish productivity increased by 27.4%, mean weight increased by 12.9%, and the feed rate dropped by 14%. A complex introduction of VMA premix with fodder yeasts into main diet of carp resulted in these changes by 15.9, 36.8 and 28%, respectively. The experimental groups of fish showed an improvement in blood biochemical parameters, namely, a significantly increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin content, and a trend for an increase in the protein content of blood serum and its fractions. Hence, this method of the diet adjustment can be useful the most efficiently under condition that all indicated factors are present together, simultaneously and ensure the implementation of the main task of fish farm – optimum fish weight gain and effectiveness of feed use. Originality. For the first time we carried out an analysis of the effect of the introduction of the composition of VMA premix and fodder yeasts to the main diet of 1+ carp on the economic component of their culture and some physiological and biochemical parameters. Practical value. The obtained data will allow scientifically proven optimizing the composition of the diet for commodity carp and applying these developments in industrial conditions in order to improve the profitability of commodity fish farming. Keywords: 1+ carp, VMA premix, fodder yeasts, gut content, fish productivity, cost of feed, biochemical composition of blood.

5-12

Authors: O. Gurbyk

Purpose. Determination of the relative number of fish juveniles on biotopes of the upper part of the Kanev reservoir in the aspect of evaluation of these areas in general propagation of ichthyofauna. Methodology. The work is based on data of fish juvenile surveys conducted in the Kaniv reservoir during 2011—2013. Data collection and processing were performed according to generally accepted methods. Fish juveniles were caught using a beach seine made of mill gauze № 7, length 10 m, height 1 m. Relative number of fish juveniles on different sites has been calculated based on the areas of fish nursing biotopes under assumption of the constancy of catchability coefficients. Shannon-Weaver diversity index was used for comparing species diversity of the commercial ichthyofauna of different sites. Findings. The majority of the studied littoral sites of the upper part of the Kaniv reservoir were characterized by sufficiently high indices of biodiversity ― Shannon index values varied within 2,07—3,24 bit./ind. Twenty six species were recorded in the composition of the fish juvenile communities that was 80% of total number of species in the reservoir. It was found that despite a decrease of the relative number of the juveniles of valuable commercial species compared to previous years, the upper part of the reservoir remains the major site for recruitment of commercial fish stock ― 70% of bream, tench, pike, roach, and wels of the Kaniv reservoir are reproduced here. Taking into account the especial value of the upper part in formation of the spawning fund of the reservoir, any hydroenhancement works here should be limited exclusively by navigable channel. Originality. For the first time we quantitatively evaluated (in spatial aspect) the number of fish fauna recruitment in the Kanev reservoir under current state of spawning areas. Practical value. Results of the work will be used during development of a program of enhancement works on spawning grounds of the Kaniv reservoir and development of nature conservation measures when planning hydroenhancement works in littoral zone of the reservoir. Keywords: Kaniv reservoir, ichthyofauna, natural propagation, spawning efficiency.

22-34

Authors: E. Fedonenko, N. Esipova, O. Marenkov

Purpose. To investigate, analyze and summarize the biological indices of commercial fish species in the main fishery water bodies of Dnіpropetrovsk region for the last 10 years. Methodology. Field data were collected in the Zaporizhzhia reservoir during 2003 – 2013 using a standard set of monitoring fishing gears (gill nets with mesh size a=30–120 mm). Juvenile fish were caught in third decade of June - first decade of August using the juvenile fish beach seine with a length of 10 m. Processing of ichthyological materials was conducted according to generally accepted methods. Findings. When comparing the biological indices of fish in the Zaporіzhzhia reservoir with the data for the past decade reflected in the normative documents, we found significant changes in the population of pikeperch and gibel carp, which concern the average fish weight, fertility and the relative proportion of females in the spawning stock. Roach, perch, and gibel carp are characterized a reduced number of spawning events. The biological indices of bream, common carp, pike and catfish populations remain virtually unchanged during the study period. As for biological indices of Black and Caspian Sea sprat, rudd, gobies and crayfish, the information on these species in the relevant regulatory documents is missing, so it is not possible to assess the dynamics of their changes. Due to an inventory of small fishery water bodies we received the information on the biological indicators of major species, which can also be used for updating the normative database. Originality. For the first time we summarized the characteristic of fish fauna in major fishery water bodies of Dnepropetrovsk region and analyzed main indices, which define the conditions of fish stock development and exploitation of aquatic living aquatic resources in fishery water bodies. Practical Value. Materials of the work can be used for adjusting the existing regulations in available ichthyology and fisheries management techniques, as well as for determining the allowable amounts of commercial fish catches in the Zaporіzhzhia reservoir. Keywords: Zaporіzhzhia reservoir, fishery water bodies of Dnіpropetrovsk region, ichthyofauna, biological indices of fish.

55-66

Authors: V. Martsenuk

Purpose. The question of growing and cultivation technology a fry walleye, Stizostedion lucioperca, in various conditions of intensification and cultivation of the objects on the example of Ukraine, Poland and Czech Republic. Methodology. Some of the research conducted in JSC "Lebedynska RMS." There was a corresponding work of herd sires and fry. Also used published articles and monographs using statistical analysis methods. Findings. The existing technology of breeding and raising perch as in natural waters and artificial reproduction. Also, this is a clear description of the biology walleye in the early stages postembryogenesis perch. Also highlighted key points in the technology of the object at different aquaculture technologies. Originality. On the basis of existing technologies were analyzed current methods for growing and perch are to be brought in fish farms Ukraine, depending on the technical capabilities of enterprises. Practical value. Comparative review of technology growing perch allows farmers to introduce more appropriate technology of walleye for your own needs. Since it is directly a particular manufacturer planting material of the object is necessary to choose the most suitable and perfect technology, based on the existing herd sires, space, equipment and ability to use hormonal stimulation. So can use the following methods of breeding walleye: natural spawning, uncontrolled; controlled natural spawning; spawning in lake; artificial spawning; spawning outside-seasonal. During the early stages of walleye can identify a number of critical periods greatly affect the possibility of wound development: small body size at the final stage of resorption of yolk sac; small size of the cavity; feed intake in the water column; high sensitivity to stress; belonging to the group of fish with a closed bladder; great demands on environmental conditions; relative preferences heat; penchant for cannibalism. Keywords: aquaculture, walleye, (Stizostedion (Sander) lucioperca (L.), fry of walleye.

74-79

Authors: S. Tarasiuk, U. Krukovskiу,Z. Shusteruk

Purpose. To investigate the effect on the sprouted grain, soaked grain as well as a mixture of grain with grass flour of winter triticale on the growth of Ukrainian framed carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Methodology. The materials of the study of the sprouted grain, soaked grain as well as a mixture of grain with grass flour of winter triticale on the growth of Ukrainian framed carp were done based on the generally accepted methodology. Findings. An analysis of the average daily growth of Ukrainian framed carp showed that application of a mixture of the steamed ground grain and ground green mass of winter triticale to their diet increased the intensity of their growth compared to the use of sprouted and soaked grain. The use of the mixture of the steamed ground grain and ground green mass of winter triticale for carp feeding increases the content of protein-vitamin complex in fish diet and reduces the prime cost of fish production. An effectiveness of the use of mixture of the steamed ground grain and ground green mass of winter triticale for carp feeding has been showed. Originality. We conducted a comparative study on the effect of mixture of the steamed ground grain and ground green mass of winter triticale on the growth of Ukrainian framed carp (Cyprinus carpio L) in the conditions of Volyn Polyssia. Practical value. In order to improve the productivity of Ukrainian framed carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and reduce the prime cost of feed, we proposed to use the mixture of the grain with ground grass flour of winter triticale for its feeding. Keywords: Ukrainian framed carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), winter triticale, feeding, ecological and economic efficiency.

88-97

Authors: N. Kharkavlyuk, N. Matvienko, О. Kovbasiuk

Purpose. Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is a viral disease of cyprinids, the causative agent of which is a RNA-containing virus. The virus is represented by one serotype. This disease was firstly described in Yugoslavia by N.Fijan (1968), in Russia – by N.N. Rudykov (1971). The virus has similar morphology as viruses, which are causative agents of a number of salmonid diseases (VHS, IHN), differing from them by cultural properties. Avirulent strains are among field isolates. Outbreaks of spring viremia of carp are common in carps cultivated in fish farms but they can be observed in fish from different types of water bodies. Manifestations of the disease are related to stress factors. The extensity of infection in unfavorable ecological and zoohygienic conditions can reach 20-40% and is accompanied with the death of the affected fish. The main concern of nowadays is the prevention of the virus penetration into specialized fish farms. The aim of the present study was to conduct the analytical research on factors influencing the transmission and spread of the virus of spring viremia of carp. Methodology. The theoretical basis of the study are the works of foreign and domestic scientists regarding ihtiopathology, including the spread of the virus of spring viremia of carp. The study was conducted using a monographic method and the results of personal analytical observations. Findings. A literature review on the factors that affect the spread of the virus of spring viremia of carp is presented. The factors, which affect the vertical and horizontal transmission of the virus, have been examined. For a long period of time, the geographic range of SVC was limited to European continent that is explained by low water temperatures in the winter. Accordingly, this disease was reported in the majority of European countries. However, in 1998 the disease was registered in Brazil, in 2002 in North Carolina, Wisconsin and Illinois. Outbreaks were reported in Washington and Missouri states in 2004 and in Upper Mississippi in 2007. A SVC-like virus was found in cultivated shrimps in Hawaii. Natural outbreaks of a SVC infection were registered in following cyprinids: common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi), Crucian carp (Carassius carassius), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Prussian carp (Carassius auratus), ide (Leuciscus idus), tench (Tinca tinca) and bream (Abramis brama). SVCV transmission is horizontal but vertical transmission from the ovarial liquid of carp has been established as well. Among virus transmission vectors are invertebrate parasites Argulus foliaceus (Crustacea, Branchiura) and Piscicola geometra (Annelida, Hirudinea). There is also mechanical transmission of the virus with the aid of fishing gears. The virus can persist in water and silt for a long period of time. Originality. Measures for the prevention of infection of specialized fish farms have been proposed based on the performed analysis. Practical value. The analysis allows developing modern methods of diagnostics and control of the virus spread. Keywords: carp, virus, viremia, virus transmission.

107-113

Authors: I. Hrytsyniak, L. Nebrat

Purpose. To compile a thematic references list on the problems of biology, physiology, pathology and crayfish breeding in Ukraine. Methodology. As the search base for the realization of the purpose was the scientific library stock of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS. The methods that have been preferred were both integrated and selective. Findings. We prepared a thematic reference list of the main scientific works, such as collections of scientific papers, proceedings of international scientific conferences, articles and candidate’s thesis abstracts on the biology of crustaceans and their cultivation in Ukraine, including the literature sources since 1958. The bibliography contains 37 publications of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS scientific library stock, in alphabetical order, and described according to DSTU GOST 7.1:2006 «System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic entry. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules». Practical value. The list may be helpful for experts, scientists, students, who are interested in problems of crayfish biology and culture. Keywords: crayfish, aquaculture, cultivation, commercial harvest.