Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

19-32

Authors: Т. Hryhorenko, S. Mushyt, А. Bazaieva

Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of the formation of hydrochemical, hydrobiological regimes and to determine the fish productivity of nursery ponds under a complex exposure to their ecosystem. Methodology. The work was conducted according to generally accepted hydrochemical, hydrobiological and aquaculture methods. Findings. The article presents the results of the study on the productivity of nursery ponds when using a complex of intensification measures (fertilization with traditional fertilizers, application of chlorella paste, polyculture, and fish feeding). It was found that the main hydrochemical parameters during the rearing of cyprinid fingerlings were within the standard normal values ​​and were favorable for the development of prey organisms and the cultivation of fish seeds. Positive trends were obtained after the use of chlorella paste when growing juveniles of cyprinids in polyculture with different ratios of common carp and Chinese carps. The use of the chlorella paste in combination with other intensification measures in the experimental ponds created favorable conditions for the development of natural food supplies, growth and survival of cyprinid fingerlings. At the same time, the total fish productivity in the experimental ponds was 22.0-28.0% higher, and the feed costs were 1.1-1.3 times lower than in the control ponds. Originality. The peculiarities of the formation of hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes have been investigated and the fish productivity of nursery ponds has been determined using cattle humus and chlorella pasta when growing young-of-the-year carp in polyculture with silver and bighead carp hybrids. Practical value. The obtained data can be used for developing practical recommendations regarding the optimization of the conditions for growing cyprinid seeds in polyculture using the chlorella pasta, increasing the efficiency of managing the state of aquatic ecosystems and their biological productivity.

47-56

Authors: U. Kuts’, I. Hrytsyniak, H. Kurinenko, Y. Tuchapsky

Purpose. Analyze the results of rearing and provide a comprehensive assessment of the productive indicators of male Amur carp of various genesis. Methodology. The cultivation was carried out in the pond conditions of the Lviv Experimental Station of the Institute of Fisheries of the UAAS. The material for the research was 8- and 9-year-old Amur carp males obtained by the factory method from local females, whose eggs were fertilized with the sperm of local males (local) and defrost sperm of Far Eastern males from the Amur River (cryo). The stocking density of carp breeders in summer was 96-105 ind./ha in winter - 1.0 thousand ind./ha. The maintenance of the producers and the spawning were carried out according to generally accepted instructions. The material was statistically processed in Microsoft Office Excel (2016). The analysis of values is carried out in the system of absolute values. The criteria for analyzing the indicators were their mean value and mean deviation (M ± m), the indicator of variability (Cv). The fish were fed with the specialized food of the firm "Aller Aqua" and sprouted wheat. Findings. According to the selection and breeding work on the formation of the Amur carp broodstock, it was revealed that the producers raised from the obtained defrosted sperm were characterized by a moderate growth rate and exceeded in terms of the main exterior characteristics of males of the same age of local origin. The average body mass of cryomales aged 8-9 years was 2416.5±295.59 and 2698.0±284.05 g, respectively. In males of local origin of the same age: 2015.0±244.53 and 2277.5±373.09 g, respectively. For the rest of the exterior indicators, the advantage of males obtained using cryotechnology was also recorded. Originality. A comparative analysis of productive parameters of sexually mature males of Amur wild carp of different geneses was performed for the first time in Ukraine Practical value. The results of this work will make it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the complex of productive indicators of sexually mature males of the Amur carp obtained from defrosted and native sperm and to substantiate the expediency of using them in breeding work in order to obtain industrial hybrids.

69-79

Authors: A. Puhovkin, K. Mikson

Purpose. Determination of permeability parameters of Prussian carp (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758) spermatozoa membranes for water and cryoprotectants molecules as an important stage in the development of a protocol for their cryopreservation by vitrification. Methodology. Osmotic response of Prussian carp spermatozoa was studied using photoelectric colorimeter KF-77 (Poland) equipped with a magnetic mixer and thermostated cuvette compartment according to our technique. To determine the permeability of plasma membranes of fish spermatozoa to cryoprotectant molecules, they were incubated in the solutions of ethyleneglycol (EG), 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), methanol (Met) of different concentrations, or a mixture of these cryoprotectants prepared with isotonic 0.12 M NaCl aqueous solution. Permeability coefficients of spermatozoa plasma membranes for either water (Lp) or cryoprotectant (Кp) molecules were determined by fitting the experimental dependences of relative cell volumes on time and solving theoretical model equations. The activation energy (Еа) of substance transfer through cell membranes was calculated from lnLp(1/T) or lnKp(1/T), the slope of which was equal Еа/R according to the Arrhenius equation, where R was the universal gas constant. Findings. It was found that the permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa membranes to water molecules at 20°С was 3,53±0,18  10-14 m3/Ns, and a decrease in membrane permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa within the range of 30–18°C was characterized by the activation energy of 48±4 kJ/mol. A decrease in membrane permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa for cryopotectants within the range of 30–18°C was characterized by the activation energy of 82±5 kJ/mol for ethyleneglycole, 99±7 for 1,2-propanediol and 84±6 for the mixture. This fact indicates that the molecules of the studied substances penetrate into the spermatozoon via passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer. The data obtained can be used to determine the optimal regime of spermatozoa cryopreservation for cyprinids. Originality. For the first time, the coefficients of the membranes permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa to water molecules and cryoprotectants (ethyleneglycol, methanol, 1,2-propanediol) and the activation energy of the these molecules transfer through the membranes were determined. Practical value. The results of the study are used in the development of media and regimes of cryopreservation of freshwater fish spermatozoa.

92-108

Authors: A. Koziy

Purpose. To analyze the peculiarities of post-stress adaptive changes in the digestive system of sterlet at the micro level in conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system. To investigate the dynamics of changes in the cellular composition of the liver, small intestine and pancreas during the adaptation period. To determine the prospect of using the data of histological monitoring in fish breeding practice in order to assess the morphological and functional status of fish. Methodology. Primary materials were obtained in the conditions of an experimental private enterprise "Oasis Bisan". Cameral processing of ichthyological samples was carried out in accordance with generally recognized methods and guidelines. Histological studies were carried out using in-house equipment and original techniques specially designed for the diagnosis of fish tissue. The obtained results were processed by the methods of variation statistics using MS Excel with an emphasis on standard errors. Findings. Microanatomical studies showed that the adaptation of sterlet to the conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system after transportation was 12 days. According to the monitoring results, the most contrasting adaptive changes to new conditions of captivity were noted in the marginal zone of the liver, the small intestine and the pancreas. Under the potential effect of a stress factor, a shift in cell function was noted in the form of shifts in cytological characteristics in the liver. An increase in the linear dimensions of hepatocytes by 1.54 times adequately leads to an increase in the values of the parameters of nuclei by 1.44 times. This is an indicator of a change in the character of intracellular metabolism. Low values of the number of intracellular cavities at the beginning of adaptation are a direct evidence of attenuation of the lipostatic function of hepatocytes. Low values of the “nucleolus/nucleus” diameter ratio (0.40 and 0.41) indicate a change in cellular function in the form of increased glycogen synthesis. During the period of action of the stress factor, the absorption of the components of the chyme in the small intestine occurs with less intensity. Local accumulation of absorbed particles in the cytoplasm indicates a slowdown in digestive processes. After 8 days, under adequate conditions of feeding and maintenance in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, the appearance of goblet glandulocytes can be observed. This fact indicates the normalization of intestinal functioning. The initial period of adaptation practically coincides with the peak of the maximum stress state. At this moment, attenuation of the secretory activity of the pancreas was observed. A significant decrease in the intensity of zymogen biosynthesis leads to the predominance of acinocytes in the volume of the homogeneous pole over the zymogen pole. In the process of adaptation of fish to new conditions of feeding and keeping, acinocytes acquire a specific form. Proteinases and lipases at the end of the secretory cycle of cells exist mainly in an active form and are detected by light-optical methods in the form of a mass of zymogenic granules. Originality. The paper presents new and significantly updated existing data on the adaptation of sterlet organs and tissues under stress and post-stress adaptation. For the first time, a comparative histological analysis of the structure of the marginal zone of the liver, small intestine and pancreas of age-1+ sterlet individuals was carried out. The information on the taxonomic peculiarities of adaptive changes in the tissue components of the digestive system organs in conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system has been clarified and supplemented. Practical value. The information obtained is valuable in morphophysiological studies, as well as in fish-breeding practice in connection with the existing modern problem of lowering the vital status of sturgeon broodstock in waters of various origins and purposes. The use of the obtained data makes it possible to qualitatively select fish in order to achieve normal reproductive potential under conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system.

125-152

Authors: Ir. Hrytsynyak, T. Shvets

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications on the use of field and laboratory methods for studying the biological and ecological characteristics of fish, the effect of individual indicators on their fishery, methods for assessing the status of ichthyofauna. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core have been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian from the fund of scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Results. There was composed the thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 211 sources covering the time interval from 1946 to 2017, and containing a description of methods for collecting and processing ichthyological material to determine biological, morphometric, and ecological indicators of fish, to study the dynamics of their populations and to predict their catch. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of ​​interests includes ichthyology, pisciculture, fisheries and hydroecology.

18-28

Authors: P. Shekk, Yu. Astafurov

Purpose. To investigate the distribution of Macrobrachium nipponense in the Dniester river basin in the south of Ukraine. To assess their density and diurnal fluctuations and determine their sex ratios in different waters. Methodology. Shrimps were caught using crayfish traps of original design with a length of 50-200 cm and special submersible wooden boxes of 100x100x100 cm. Depths and bottom relief at the study sites were determined using a Garmin EchoMAP CHIRP 72sv. The location was established using a GPS unit Garmin gpsmap 78s and Google Maps 2D. The sample size was 4687 individuals, 88 locations of shrimp aggragations were detected. The diurnal population dynamics was studied at 7 sites. Sex and sex ratio of sampled shrimps where determined using a standard biological analysis. Findings. The analysis of litertures sources showed the pathways of the spread of M. nipponenseacross the territory of the republics of the USSR and the history of its acclimatization in the Dniester River. The currents shrimp stock density and their sex ratios in different water bodis of the lower Dniester were determined. The diurnal dynamics of changes in shrimp populations was studied at different sites in the Dniester and Kuchurgan lagoons. It was found that the local populations of shrimp from different waters differ significantly in terms of their numbers and sex ratios. The circadian dynamics of shrimp population density in the Dniester and Kuchurgan lagoons had a similar character but differed in absolute numbers. Originality. The distribution of M. nipponense in the lower reaches of the Dniester was studied for the first time. The abundance of this shrimp in different waters and their sex ratio were established. The circadian dynamics of population changes in the Dniester and Kuchurgan estuaries was studied. Practical value. The results of the study allowed obtaining an objective biological-geographical characteristic of M. nipponense in the conditions of the Lower Dniester basin. The obtained results can be used to assess the state of the natural population of M. nipponense in the lower Dniester and to determine the prospects of its use as an object of domestic fish farming and aquaculture.

38-52

Authors: R. Palamarchuk, O. Deren, S. Koba

Purpose. Study of the effect of amaranth feed additive on the peculiarities of growth, development, feed efficiency and economic component when rearing age-1+ carp; as well as the reproductive performance of female carp based on an analysis of its nutritional and biologically active properties. Methodology. Two experiments were conducted in which the effect of feeding of age-1+ and female carp with seeds of Ukrainian high-yielding forage amaranth with biologically active properties "Kharkiv-1" on physiological and productive parameters was analyzed. Carp were fed with granulated compound feed with a protein content of 23%, which was additionally supplemented with ground amaranth seeds by granulation method in the amount of 10% to replace the cereal component, pre-subjected to heat treatment. Piscicultural, breeding, hydrochemical and hydro-biological studies were carried out according to conventional aquaculture methods. Findings. The main hydrochemical parameters were found to be within piscicultural standards. Development of phyto-, zooplankton and zoobenthos on average for the season both in terms of quantity and biomass practically did not differ in both ponds. When determining the efficiency of the use of ground amaranth seeds in the feeding of age-1+ carp during the growing season, an improvement in piscicultural parameters was found. In particular, the average weight of fish caught at the end of the growing season in the study group was 10.5%, respectively, the fish productivity was 12.2% higher than in the control, and the feed cost was 10.3% lower. Taking into account the cost of fish seeds and the cost of feed growing, an additional income 9.3% was obtained. It has been found that the addition of amaranth to the diet of female carp during pre-spawning retention positively affects the production of eggs, their fertilizing capacity, and the viability of larvae obtained. Accordingly, an increase in relative working fertility by 3.4%, the percentage of fertilization of eggs by 3%, and the yield of 3-day larvae by 6.7% in the experimental group were observed. Originality. During the study, based on the analysis of the nutritional and biologically active properties of amaranth, for the first time its effect on the productive performance of age-1+ carp and the reproductive parameters of female carp was studied, as well as the effectiveness of its use in the diet. Practical value. Finding feed components with high protein content and suitable for introduction in natural environment of Ukraine is topical and necessary to meet the needs of fish industry. Accordingly, the study of the efficiency of introducing amaranth into the diets of different age groups of carp will have a positive effect on growth, survival and reproductive performance, and will also reduce feed costs.

65-77

Authors: L. Buchatsky, Yu. Rud, O. Zaloilo, I. Zaloilo, I. Hrytsyniak

Purpose. Nidoviruses are wide spread pathogens of animals and humans. The order Nidovirales covers enveloped viruses with one segment of linear positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The order comprises four families including Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Roniviridae and Mesoniviridae. Despite numerous studies, Nidoviruses remain poorly understood today. The complexity of replication mechanisms and significant differences in genome size of individual families are the main problem to understand the life cycle of these viruses. Therefore, we tried to analyze the array of special literature data and summarize the information obtained on nidoviral infections of fish and prawns, structural and functional properties of the Nidovirales members, and the symptoms and consequences of diseases caused by them. Findings. The presented data contain a brief analytical summary of viruses from the Nidovirales order, which infect fish and prawns. The current classification of water nidoviruses is noted. The morphological and genetic structure of fish nidoviruses as well as the known mechanisms of their replication and other functional properties are shown. Particular attention is paid to the description of symptoms and routes of nidovirus infection development in aquatic organisms. However, effective prevention and treatment of nidoviral infections is unknown. Currently, significant number of nidoviruses is insufficiently studied: partially or completely remain uncharacterized mechanisms of replication, genomic structure, the interactions with environment condition and virus spread, etc. Practical Value. The review may be useful for scientists studying representatives of Nidovirales order and problems associated with diseases caused by these viruses. The description of disease symptoms will help in preliminary diagnosis of nidoviral infections in fish and prawns and raise awareness concerning its possible negative impact on aquaculture. Further development of knowledge about the morphological and molecular biological properties of nidoviruses, as well as the study of disease symptoms in aquatic organisms is promising direction for both purely biological aspects and for sustainable aquaculture.

86-96

Authors: O. Baturevych, T. Bersan

Purpose. To establish the efficiency of the use of such minerals assaponite, analcime and bentonite used as feed additives in the main diet of age-1+ carp on their majorfeatures and the economic component of their cultivation in ponds. Methodology.The experimental works were carried out in the conditions of ponds of the State Enterprise ExperimentalFarm "Nyvka" of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS during the growing period of 2018. The object of the study were age-1+carp of Nyvka scaly intrabreed type. The study included three experimental and control groups of fish and was conducted in analogous ponds with an area of ​​0.5 ha each. The diet of fish of the first experimental group ws supplemented with 3% of saponite, the diet of fish of the second experimental group was supplemented with 3% of analcime, and the diet of fish of the third experimental group was supplemented with 2% of bentonite. The control group of fish was fed with a balanced feed, without additives. Hydrochemical and fish farming studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Findings.The study demonstrated that majorhydrochemical parameters during the growing period were within normal limits, but there was an increase in the level of permanganate oxidation of waterwith an increase in water temperature during the summer. However, the level of chlorides was slightly increased during the entire growingseason in the experimental and control ponds. In the experimental variants, when supplanting the main diet of age-1+ carp with saponite, analcime and bentonite, the total fish productivity of ponds was higher by 0.7%, 13.4% and 3.5%, respectively, with a decrease in feed costs for cultivation compared to control. At the same time, the best survival rate of fish was 69.1% when fish were fed with the feed supplemented with bentonite, versus 64.2% in the control pond. When analyzing the economic efficiency of the use of these minerals in the feeding of age-1+ carp, a 2% increase in profitability was observed as a result of the supplementation of fish diet with saponite, 16.4% after addinganalcime and 4.2% after adding bentonite compared to control. As a result of comparative characteristics of the studied minerals, it should be noted that the most promising for use in the feeding of age-1+carp can be analtsim, given the highest rates of weight gain of fish, fish productivity of ponds and as well as the earned profit. Originality.The efficiency of the use of such minerals as saponite, analcime and bentonite in the feeding of age-1+ carp as non-traditional feed additives was analyzed for the first time. A comparative assessment of their effects on the main fish features and economic parameters of cultivation was performed. Practical value. Based on obtained positive results of the introduction of the studied minerals into the diet of carp, it is possible to increase fish growth and fish productivity of ponds. The low cost of these non-traditional additives leads to a positive economic effect in the process of fish cultivation. Accordingly, the use of saponite, analcime and bentonite in the conditions of commercial carp cultivation is justified and relevant.

28-43

Authors: Yu. Hudiyash, M. Prychepa, A. Potrokhov, O. Zin'kovskiy, L. Gorbatyuk, Ju. Kovalenko, D. Medovnyk

Purpose. To study the ecological conditions of fish habitats and changes in species compositions of the ichthyofauna of lakes in the city of Kiev based on the effects of different degrees of the pollution of water bodies. Methodology. The paper presents the results of the determination of water hydrochemical composition in some lakes of the city of Kiev and the structure of their ichthyofauna. The collection and processing of ichthyological material was carried in accordance with generally accepted methods. Findings. The concentration of biogenic compounds, in particular phosphorus, phosphates, nitrites and ammonium, the concentration of oil products in water of some lakes of the city Kiev were investigated. The study results show that the highest concentration of oil products and nutrients was observed in the Lake Luhove, In particular, the concentration of oil products in water of the Lake Luhove was 0.020-0.206 mg/dm3, the Lake Kirilivske - 0.023-0.117 mg/dm3, the Lake Babyne 0.0007-0.0520 mg/dm3. This is confirmed by the fact that the Lake Luhove experiences a significant impact of pollutants from surrounding areas. It was found that the magnitude of the studied parameters varied significantly in different seasons of the year and in different parts of the studied lakes. This indicates the dependence of these parameters on natural, anthropogenic and hydrological factors, which differ in different parts of the water body and different seasons. The ecological state of the studied lakes significantly affects fish species composition and its structure. The Lake Kirilivske, despite being under moderate anthropogenic pressure, has relatively satisfactory environmental conditions. This is indicated by the greatest species richness of ichthyofauna compared to other studied lakes. The largest number of fish species was recorded in the Lake Kirilivske (27), in the Lake Babyne - 23 species, in the lake Luhove - 10 species. The consequence of intense pollution of the Lake Luhove is a significant decrease in the species composition of its ichthyofauna, in particular in the bottom complex. This indicates the greatest environmental pressure on this lake from toxic substances from adjacent territories. The performed studies showed that the Lake Babyne, due to its isolation from the urbanized part of the city, had the highest water quality at different times of the year. In addition, sound succession processes occur in this water body. Originality. The characteristics of the ichthyofauna of some lakes of the city of Kyiv were presented for the first time depending on the hydro-ecological conditions and season. The negative effects of anthropogenic pollution on the structure of the ichthyofauna of these lakes were shown. Practical value. The results obtained are necessary for determining the patterns of changes in the species composition and its structure under conditions of moderate and excessive anthropogenic pollution of water bodies. This allows further predicting the increased effect of anthropogenic pollution on the ichthyofauna of relatively clean water bodies.

53-78

Authors: N. Kolesnyk, M. Simon, O. Marenkov, O. Nesterenko

Purpose. To analyze a selection of professional literature and summarize the information on the specifics of cultivation of fruit fly, synanthropic flies larvae (maggots) and Chironomids larvae (bloodworms) for use in fish feeding. To consider the features of their biology, as well as opportunities and prospects for their use as forage objects in aquaculture. Findings. This work contains a brief review of the main biotechnological steps of cultivation of the above-mentioned dipterous insects for the subsequent fish feeding. The study presents features of the production features of different species of such families as Drosophila, synanthropic flies and chironomids. The presented cultivation technologies for these three families, both in small quantities for the needs of private individual and large quantities for the needs of legal entities. The optimal conditions for the development of these insects as well as the basic principles for feeding them to fish are presented. Data on the nutritional value of fruit flies, synanthropic flies and chironomids larvae are presented. Practical significance. This work gives recommendations on compliance with the veterinary and sanitary requirements for the cultivation of these forage organisms. The summarized information will be useful for researchers who are exploring ways to optimize fish feeding as well as for aquarists. The cultivation technology for fruit flies, synanthropic flies and chironomids larvaeoptimal both for fish farms of different types of aquaculture and private individuals is presented. Obtaining zoohumus as a valuable cultivationby-product provides the opportunity for additional revenue and integrated development.

95-108

Authors: Ir. Hrytsynyak, T. Shvets

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications on the development and application of classical and modern research methods in fish physiology and biochemistry. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core have been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian from the fund of scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Results. A thematic list of publications was composed with a total quantity of 92 sources covering the time interval from 1953 to 2016, which concern the research methods for studying physiological and biochemical parameters of various fish species and age groups. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, specialists, students, whose area of ​​interests covers the problems of fish physiology, hematology and biochemistry, as well as ichthyology and fish farming.

23-36

Authors: P. Shekk, Yu. Astafurov

Purpose. To study reproductive characteristics of female freshwater shrimp M. nipponense (Dniester population) in natural and artificial conditions. Methodology. Field studies were carried out from April to October 2016-2019 in the Kuchurgan and Dniester lagoons, fish ponds and lakes of the lower Dniester and Turunchuk rivers. Shrimp were caught in coastal areas with net and special traps using a bait (ground silverside). The studies were conducted in the field and laboratory conditions. For experimental work, the caught shrimp was transported to the aquarium department of aquatic biological resources and aquaculture of Odessa State Ecological University. For the cultivation and reproduction of shrimp, 0.3 m³ glass aquariums were used, combined in an experimental setup with a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with a total working volume of 1.2 m³. During the experiment, the conditions were close to the environment, where shrimp were caught. During the biological analysis of the shrimp, following parameters were determined: sex, total length and body weight (stage and duration of embryogenesis). The survival of M. nipponense under various conditions was also recorded. Following modern instruments were used for the express analysis of hydrochemical parameters of the environment: ECOTEST -2000 T (О2; NO-2; NO-3; NH-4; CO2; phosphates, pH), Azha-101M thermooximeter (Т, оС; О2), pH meter-150 m); ATAGO-100 refractometer (salinity and water density). Saline solution, in special experiments, was produced in laboratory conditions by diluting seawater. Findings. Fertilized shrimp eggs have an oval shape, and their average sizes varied within 0.58-0.66 mm (length) and 0.39-0.46 mm (width). It was found that the size of fertilized eggs in M. nipponense of the Dniester population differed in size in various natural waters. The largest sizes (0.66 ± 0.035 and 0.46 ± 0.014 mm) and an average volume of 0.073 mm3 were observed in shrimp eggs from the Kuchurgan estuary. These parameters significantly (P≥0.95) differed from shrimps from the Dniester estuary, which had the smallest sizes (0.58 ± 0.022 and 0.39 ± 0.011 mm) and average volume (0.046 mm3). Shrimp from ponds and lakes of the Dniester and Turunchuk had average size and egg volume, which, according to these parameters, did not significantly differ from those of individuals from the Kuchurgan and Dniester estuaries. An analysis of shrimp fertility of the Dniester population showed that the IRF and FRF increase in direct proportion to the increase in the size and weight of females that is natural for all poikilothermic animals. IRF in the linear size range of female M. nipponense from the Dniester population of 2.5-7.9 cm and weight of 2.2-7.3 g increases from 3441 ± 942 to 10241 ± 1323 eggs in one clutch. The duration of embryogenesis and survival of shrimp embryos with an increase in water temperature from 18 to 31 ° C is reduced from 42 to 20 days. The optimum is at a temperature of 27 ° C, which ensures the survival of 98% of the embryos. Shrimp M. nipponense can reproduce at a salinity from 0 to 9‰, but the optimum salinity is 5‰ which in the range of optimal temperatures ensures the survival of 98% of embryos with a minimum duration of embryogenesis. Originality. The reproductive characteristics of female M. nipponense from the Dniester population were studied for the first time. It was shown that the fertilized shrimp eggs of the Dniester population differ in size in different areas of the lower reaches. The dependence of the initial (IRF) and final (FRF) realized fertility on the mass of shrimp was found. The duration of embryogenesis and the survival rate of embryos were studied depending on the temperature and water salinity. The optimal temperature and salinity parameters for embryogenesis of M. nipponense of the Dniester population have been established. Practical value. The research results made it possible to give an objective characterization and assessment of the fertility of the introduced species M. nipponense in the conditions of the Lower Dniester basin and can be used to develop technology for its artificial reproduction.

58-73

Authors: I. Buzevich, A.Mruk, A. Kucheruk

Рurpose. To develop scientific bases for reproduction of European grayling populations by the Carpathian River basin in artificial and natural conditions. Method ology. Fishery volumes were determined on the basis of indicators of development of the natural forage base of river systems. Actual weight gains in the younger age groups and estimated mortality rates. Natural mortality coefficients were calculated from the parameters of the Bertalanffy equation, which was determined on the basis of the actual size and age parameters of the grayling. Survival of seagrasses was determined on the basis of the calculated coefficient of natural mortality in the first year of life and the ratio of survival of different age groups, which for larvae and seagulls weighing 5 g was 3.7. Findings. The analysis of the available data shows the fundamental possibility of introducing a viable European grayling youth to replenish the reproductive nucleus of the natural population, which in turn will create objective prerequisites for population growth and create prospects for viewing the conservation status. The parameters of the Bertalanffy equation, calculated on the average size and age parameters of the grayling of the Transcarpathian rivers, were: K (year-1) - 0.297; L∞ (cm) - 36.9; t0 (year) - 0.168. natural mortality, differentiated by age, and, accordingly, annual mortality rates. On the basis of this, the indicators of instantaneous natural mortality, differentiated by age, and, accordingly, indicators of annual mortality were determined. The potential accumulation of grayling ichthyomas can be determined on the basis of the total annual mortality and the actual weighting by size classes. The baseline stocking index can be used as a baseline weighted area (based on area). Yew, which is 418.6 copies. / ha of annuals. The bioproductive potential of the rivers of the Carpathian region allows to increase fish productivity on the European grayling by an average of 8.6-21.2 kg / ha. For this purpose, during the four-year period, it is necessary to fish the Tisza River basin with a grayling of at least 5 g with a total amount of 620.5 thousand. Ex. per year. and the Prut River Basin - 122,000 copies. per year. Originality. Methodical approaches for determining quantitative indicators of grayling activities are substantiated. Practical value. The practical implementation of the obtained results will be carried out during the reproduction and cultivation of viable planting material, regulation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of fishing.

87-94

Authors: V. Gurbik, Yu. Glushko, I. Hrytsyniak, N. Tushnitskaya

Purpose. To analyze age and seasonal dynamics of the cytogenetic parameters in different age groups of Halych carp under conditions of industrial cultivation. Methodology. Blood sampling for smear preparation was performed from the caudal vein. The smears were preserved in methyl alcohol and stained using the Romanowsky-Giemsa solution. Further analysis was performed under a Primo Star Zeiss microscope at 1000x magnification. The erythrocyte frequency from the micronucleus, single-nucleus lymphocytes from the micronucleus, dual-nucleus lymphocytes, and apoptosis were counted in the smears. The data obtained was measured in ppm (‰). Findings. Erythrocytes with micronuclei in different age groups of the Halych carp ranged from up to 2.7 ‰ ± 0.4 - 4.0 ‰ ± 0.7. The number of lymphocytes with micronuclei was 2.0 ‰ ± 0.4 - 2.4 ‰ ± 0.2. Dual-nucleus lymphocytes in the Halych carp ranged from 2.0 ‰ ± 0.2 to 2.7 ‰ ± 0.3. As a result of cytogenetic analysis, a 11% decrease in the level of cells with apoptosis in age-3 Halych carp compared to young-of0the-year was detected. After wintering, erythrocytes with micronuclei in age-1 and age-2 carp were recorded to be within 2.7 ‰ ± 0.5 - 3.1 ‰ ± 0.6. The incidence of lymphocytes with micronuclei in the Halych carp decreases, while this parameter in age-2 fish decreased by 8% and amounted to 2.4 ‰ ± 0.2. Dual-nucleus lymphocytes in the Halych carp after wintering ranged from 2.9 ‰ ± 0.1 to 3.3 ‰ ± 0.2. As a result of a comparative analysis of cytogenetic parameters of age-1 and age-2 carp, a significant difference in the number of lymphocytes with dual nuclei was found (P ‹0.01; ts = 3.57). The results of the studies show that an increase in this parameter was triggered by rapid growth of fish seeds in pond conditions. Originality. For the first time, the variability of the cytogenetic apparatus of different age groups of the Halych carp at different stages of the technological process in industrial cultivation was analyzed. Practical value. The results obtained can be used for further breeding work with the Halych carp in the region.

109-122

Authors: M. Korуlyak

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the use of milk thistle in the process of commercial cultivation of the common carp in terms of productive and economic indicators. Methodology. The study was conducted in two experimental and control ponds, which were stocked with carp yearlings at a density of 1000 ind./ha. The carp of the first experimental group during the growing season were additionally fed with a diet containing 1% of milk thistle, while the second experimental group – 5%. During the work, optimal conditions of carp cultivation were maintained. The dissolved oxygen, temperature hydro-chemical and hydro-biological regimes of the aquatic environment were monitored and the efficiency of cultivation at the end of the growing season was analyzed by conventional methods. Findings. In general, the conditions of fish cultivation in the experimental and control ponds were satisfactory. No relationship was observed between the hydro-chemical regime of the experimental ponds and the diet composition. The average seasonal biomass of feed organisms of zooplankton and zoobenthos during the growing season were 4.22 – 5.11 g/m3 and 1.37 – 1.62 g/m2 respectively, and equally contributed to the process of carp cultivation both in experimental variants and in the control. It was found that the average weight of carps fed with diets contained 1% and 5% of ground milk thistle was higher by 7.3% and 5.6%, respectively, fish productivity – by 9.8% and 7.2%. At the same time feed costs per kilogram of production decreased by 5.9% and 8.8% compared to the control. The cost of additionally obtained fishery products when supplementing the diet with 1% of milk thistle amounted to 11849 UAH/ha, 5% – 10217 UAH/ha. The attributable profit, including costs of feed and fish seeds, when using 1% of milk thistle was 13.1% higher than in the control, 5% – 0.7% higher in the control group. Scientific novelty. According to a wide range of biologically active properties of milk thistle, the effect of this additive on the productive and economic indicators in the process of age-2 carp has been studied for the first time. The implementation of this practice provided an opportunity to increase fish productivity by feeding fish with artificial feeds of improved composition. Practical value. Reducing the cost and obtaining additional weight gains during the cultivation of aquaculture products can be ensured by improving the quality characteristics of fish feeds, and, accordingly, the physiological parameters of age-2 carp organism.

16-31

Authors: N. Kolesnik, M. Simon, O. Marenkov, O. Nesterenko

Purpose. To analyze professional literature and summarize the information on the cultivation of the representatives of three nematode (Nematoda) genera. To highlight the optimal biotechnology of the cultivation of banana nematode (Panagrellus redivivus), vinegar eelworm (Turbatrix aceti) and rhabditis (Rhabditis). To review the biological characteristics of these species along with the possibilities for their use as food objects in aquaculture. Results. This work contains brief information on the biology and cultivation features of the above-mentioned worms. It presents the most cost-effective and simple mass production biotechnology of the cultivation of banana and vinegar nematodes and rhabditis. It can be used under different conditions due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The data regarding the use of nematodes in feeding fish juveniles in general and ornamental fish culture in particular are presented. The chemical composition and nutritional value of these worms, as well as their behavior in aquariums are described. Practical significance. The summarized information will be useful for researchers who are exploring the ways to optimize fish feeding as well as for aquarists. The presented technology of cultivation of banana and vinegar nematodes and rhabditis can be used by a broad range of stakeholders.

48-58

Authors: M. Pashko, S. Tarasjuk, O. Tretiak, N. Borysenko, O. Bielikova

Purpose. To investigate the genetic structure of the brood stock of the sterlet formed in the conditions of floating cages of an industrial type farm. Methodology. Artificial reproduction and rearing of the sterlet were conducted with the use of industrial aquaculture technologies. The analysis of the polymorphism of protein substances was performed with the use of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. As molecular-genetic markers for the assessment of the genetic structure of age-4-6 fish (n=30), we used the distribution of allele and genotypic frequencies by loci coding a number of animal blood proteins and enzymes: transferrin (TF), post-transferrin (PTF), albumin (ALB). Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed with the use of traditional methods. Findings. It was found that the genetic structure of the brood sterlet group with the body weight of 1.0-2.3 kg (1.68±0.07 kg, Сv=22.3%) was characterized by a significant level of heterozygosity (66.7%). From examined genetic-biochemical systems, the most informative for the detection of inter-group differences by genetic structures were the TF and ALB systems. The obtained data give an opportunity to suppose that the polymorphism assessment by transferrin and albumin loci can contribute to objective control of the inbreeding degree of sterlet brood stocks in industrial aquaculture methods. Attention is drawn to the need for comprehensive genetic studies in the formation of sturgeon breeding stocks in industrial fish farming. Originality. We studied the genetic structure of the sterlet in the case of a technological variant of the formation and exploitation of sturgeon breeding stocks that is not traditional for aquaculture of Ukraine. Practical value. The research results are of interest for monitoring and improving the condition of the breeding resources of sturgeons in aquaculture of Ukraine.

72-88

Authors: Ju. Kovalenko, O. Shlapak, A. Potrokhov, O. Zin'kovskiy

Purpose. To establish the nature of changes in physiological and biochemical parameters of fish, the qualitative and quantitative composition of their parasitocenoses, depending on the degree of the pollution of water bodies. Methodology. The paper contains the results of the determination of hydrochemical composition of water from the lakes of Kyiv, the structure of their food supply (zoobenthos). As a marker of morpho-physiological features of the Prussian carp, rudd and roach, their liver and spleen indices were used. The content of glucose, cortisol and thyroid hormones was determined in fish blood plasma. The collection and processing of ichthyological material was performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. The taxonomic identification of parasites was carried out according to the appropriate identification keys. Findings. The work presents some hydrochemical characteristics of the lakes under study, the development of the natural food supply for fish - zoobenthic organisms, changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters of some representatives of cyprinids in the lakes of Kyiv, which are subjected to different degrees of human impact. First of all, the indices of internal organs and a number of biochemical parameters of fish blood plasma were studied. Parasitocenoses were specific for each lake. Their smallest number was in the lake Luhove, which was characterized by a significant human impact. The lake Babyne, which was taken as conditional control, had some fish parasites, which were not found in other lakes. The rudd from the lake Kyrylivske invaded with parasites had a 13% higher spleen index (r = 0.98). Also, the infected fish from the Kyrylivske and Luhove lakes had a 2.2-fold higher content of triiodothyronine (T3) in the blood plasma (r = 0.82 and r = 0.75, respectively) compared with fish from the lake Babyne. The spleen index of the roach from the lake Kyrylivske is 16% more (r = -0.83) compared to this species from the lake Babyne. The roach from the lake Kyrylivske had a 4.7 times smaller number of cortisol in the blood (r = -0.83) and 4 times lower T3 level (r = -0.71) compared to fish from the lake Babyne. The Prussian carp from the Kyrylivske and Luhove lakes had spleen indices were lower by 44 and 37%, and the glucose content was 3.6 and 2.7 times lower in comparison with fish from the lake Babyne. In addition, the Prussian carp from lake Luhove had a lower content of cortisol and T3 by 1.7 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared with fish from the lake Babyne. It can be assumed that the studied fish species have different sensitivity to the cumulative or individual effects of anthropogenic stress and parasites. Originality. For the first time, multilevel markers (morphophysiological, biochemical and parasitological) were used to establish the response of fish to the complex human impact in the conditions of water bodies in urbanized territories. Practical Value. The obtained data are necessary to determine the patterns of adaptive reactions of economically valuable cyprinids, their parasites and forage objects under the action of adverse conditions of urbanization. The biochemical parameters of fish that can be used to assess the quality of water in water bodies were also studied.

101-129

Authors: Ir. Hrytsynyak, T. Shvets

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications regarding the use of classical and the development of new methods for studying the hydrochemical parameters of natural and artificial water bodies as well as the determination of water quality. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core has been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian languages from the fund of the scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Results. The thematic list of publications consists of a total quantity of 78 sources covering the time interval from 1967 to 2017 and devoted to research methods used in hydrochemistry, hydroecology, eco- and ichthyotoxicology, and biomonitoring of water quality. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of ​​interests includes water quality analysis, the study of water chemical composition, bioindication and bioassay problems.