Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

21-41

Authors: O. Fedonenko, Yu. Nikolenko

Purpose. Based of literature data, in chronological order, to compose a list of leading scientists who investigated phytoplankton in the middle part of the River Dnipro, which, after the construction of the Dniprostan dam, became the Dnipro (Zaporizhzhia) reservoir. To outline the main trends of their activities, analyze and summarize the results of studies carried out at different periods of the reservoir exploitation. To detect the dynamics of changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of phytoplankton in different parts of the above-mentioned reservoir from 1918 to 2016. Findings. The article shows changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phytoplankton in different periods of the formation of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir ecosystem. In particular, during its first filling, years of first flooding, in the first period of its existence, period of dam destruction and the restoration of the river regime, years after the Second World War, period of second filling, period of intensive building of hydrotechnical facilities and intra-cascade existence of this reservoirs. Fundamental studies were initiated by professor-algologist A. D. Svirenko who established the species composition and basic patterns of phytoplankton vegetation in the River Dnipro, both before its regulation and during the first flooding of areas during the construction of reservoirs. He was the first in Ukraine who outlined the effect of natural rapids and dam construction on phytoplankton communities. A significant contribution to the development of these hydrobiological studies was made by Gaukhman Z. S., Primachenko A. D. and other scientists whose works are mentioned in this article. The article presents the generalized results of studies of different scientists regarding the number of species, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in different parts of the reservoir. It was found that the number of phytoplankton species from 1918 (22) to 2016 decreased more than two-fold. At the same time, the indicators of its abundance and biomass, on the contrary, increased significantly due to both the intra-cascade position of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir and the significant human impact on this water body. Practical value. The information presented in the article can be used to determine the contribution of individual scientists to the development of phytoplankton studies from the Zaporizhzhia reservoir, as well as hydrobiology in general.

52-66

Authors: M. Prychepa

Purpose. To study the change in morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of perch females during different seasons and under the effect of human impact. Methodology. Fish were caught with the use of hook and line gears. Morpho-physiological parameters of the perch, including gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, spleen index were determined. The biochemical parameters were also determined including protein content, lipids, glycogen and malonic dialdehyde in tissues. Findings. Changes in morpho-physiological (liver index, spleen index, gonadosomatic index) and biochemical (glycogen, lipid and protein content) parameters in perch females for under excessive human impact were examined. In this paper, only a part of the total amounts of results were presented. A significant decrease in the content of energy-intensive compounds, in particular glycogen, protein and fats in fish liver in spring and autumn periods, as well as an increase in the content of malonic dialdehyde indicates an impairment of the rate of processes of plastic and energy metabolism in it. The change in this parameter confirms the presence of unfavorable conditions for the perch during the study. This water body is characterized by the most significant human impact on the ecosystem. As a result, stored compounds such as lipids and glycogen are additionally used. A significant variability of the liver index in fish with excessive human impact was shown. This was due to the peculiarities of the accumulation and use of energy-intensive compounds depending on the conditions of existence. Significantly lower values of the spleen index were observed in fish from the Lake Kyrilovske compared with the same parameter of fish from the reservoir. A 1.6-fold reduction in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in perch females from the artificially polluted Lake Kyrilovske compared with fish from conditionally clean reservoir was also observed. This indicates the intense functioning of the reproductive system in conditions of chronic pollution of the lake. The liver tissues showed lower (by 43%) protein content in fish from the Lake Kyrilovske during all seasons compared to the perch caught in the reservoir. This indicates an additional use of protein compounds for adaptive processes. A difference between the studied fish samples according to physiological, biochemical, and morphophysiological indicators proves that they are in significantly different ecological and toxicological conditions. The deterioration of living conditions causes over-expenses of energy-intensive compounds, in particular glycogen, protein and lipids. Originality. For the first time, the results of changes in morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of perch females depending on the season and the level of human impact have been presented. The practical value. The obtained results can be used as criteria for assessing the physiological state of the perch and the ecological state of an individual lake or small reservoir as a whole.

79-107

Authors: N. Kolesnyk, M. Simon

Purpose. Creation of a reference bibliographic list of English-language open access publications from the Internet on the issues of the specific effects of heavy metals on freshwater ecosystems, their bioaccumulation and bioindication, as well as the functions of microelements in the hydrobionts organisms. Methodology. In the process of preparing the thematic list, in the course of systemic search, holistic and selective methods were applied. The bibliographic core consists of literature sources from archives of scientific publications, in particular, such world-famous journals as Environmental Contamination Toxicology, Ecotoxicology, Aquatic Science, Aquatic Toxicology, Environmental Bioindicators, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aguatic Sciences and many others. Results. A thematic bibliographic list of major works has been formed: specialized scientific collections, materials of international scientific conferences, scientific papers, articles and extended dissertationa abstracts. It includes 227 sources, all of them are in English and are publicly available on the Internet. The presented publications cover a time interval from 1953 to 2018. However, most of them were published after 2000. In selected works, studies on the bioaccumulation and bioindication of heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems are highlighted, and data on the effect of trace elements on the organism of hydrobionts are given. Literature sources are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author or title, which corresponds to GOST 8302: 2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliography link. General provisions and rules for drafting, as amended (OCD code 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements for the design of the list of references according to the international standard APA style. Practical value. The presented list will be useful for scientists, practitioners, students whose research concerns the analysis of the effects of heavy metals on freshwater ecosystems and patterns of bioindication and bioaccumulation of toxicants in hydrobionts, as well as the role of trace elements in their body.

7-17

Authors: K. Geina

Purpose. To find qualitative and quantitative parameters of juvenile fish communities as a basis for commercial fish stock and biological diversity in the Dniprо-Bug ria system. Methodology. Primary data were collected during summer-spring period 2006-2015 from catches of small-mesh fishing gears for catching juvenile fish such as beach seine and trawl. In total, catches of 375 stations were analyzed; the total hauled area was more than 50 thousand m2 of littoral shallow waters. To characterize commercial catches, the data of official fishery statistics. Data collection and processing were performed according to generally accepted methods. Findings. The data on species composition, abundance and distribution of juvenile fish communities in the Dnipro-Bug ria system has been selected and analyzed. Major trends in the dynamics of catches of fish juveniles per unit effort as an integral feature of natural reproduction and basis for the recruitment of commercial fish stocks have been detected. Reproduction conditions of various ecological groups of fishes have been studied. The dynamics of the qualitative composition of commercial catches has been analyzed. Last years, the majority of commercial catches in the Dnipro-Bug ria system consists of Black-sea sprat (62.2%) and Prussian carp (21.4%); the category of “valuable commercial species” composed 7.3% of the total catch. Self-reproductive fish populations ensured formation of 93.5% of the total catch. i.e. natural reproduction remains the major source of the recruitment of commercial fish stocks in the Dnipro-Bug ria system. According to the data of studies of 2006-2015, juveniles of 18 fish species were recorded in the littoral zone, the majority of which (56.3-57.2%) were low value and secondary species – Prussian carp, Black-sea sprat, atherina. Among valuable commercial species, the most abundant were roach (7.3%) and bream (3.4%); at the same time, these species formed 16.4% of the total catch in gill nets in 2010-2017. The inter-annual dynamics of the abundance of juveniles of commercial fish species during last 10 years has been characterized by positive trends that under condition of the maintenance of optimum hydrological regime of the Dnipro-Bug ria system indicates in the possibility of ensuring stable commercial catches in the nearest future. Originality. The data on the structure of juvenile fish communities of the lower reaches of the Dnipro river as a component of fish fauna of the Dnipro-Bug ria system have been provided. A detailed description of the dynamics of the number of juveniles of major commercial fish species in an inter-annual aspect has been provided. Practical value. The obtained results have been used for the development of long-term prognoses of fish productivity parameters as a basis for the regulation of qualitative and quantitative parameters of commercial fishing pressure and conservation measures.

48-59

Authors: M. Pashko, O. Tretiak, O. Kolos

Purpose. To study environmental conditions and individual fish culture parameters in the process of rearing brood sterlet herders in cages at natural temperature regime of water bodies of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Methodology. The material for the study were age-1–7 groups of sterlet reared in floating cages with areas of 24 m2. Fish were fed by specialized feeds with the content of crude protein of 45–64% and raw fat of ― 12–15%. The individual and mean body weight (g), relative weight gain (%) and fish survival rate (%) were studied; fish production per unit area of cages (kg/m2) and feed costs per unit weight gain (kg/kg) were calculated). The determination of the physical and chemical parameters of the environment was carried out using generally accepted methods in fish culture and hydrochemistry. Findings. The mean monthly water temperature was in the range of 21.7–26.3°C in the summer. The period with a water temperature of 18–25°C was 75-80 days. The mean daily content of dissolved oxygen varied within the range of 2.4–11.6 mgO2/dm3. The mean monthly oxygen concentration in summer was between 3.7 and 6.2 mgO2/dm3. During the period of fish rearing, minor excesses of normative values ​​have been recorded for some hydrochemical parameters. No mass manifestations of fish diseases were detected. It was established that feed costs per unit of body weight gain (kg) increased with fish age, on average, from 1.29 to 1.98 kg. Fish production in cages was 5.33–11.35 kg/m2. On the seventh year of life, the brood sterlet reached a mean weight of 1796.80 ± 73.33 g (Cv = 20.4%). Survival rates for sterlet of different age groups were 78.50–98.96%. The number of sterlet for the organization of caviar and meat production was calculated. Originality. Peculiarities of rearing different age groups of sterlet with the use of the methods of industrial aquaculture uncommon in Ukraine under conditions of cage aquaculture systems installed in water bodies with natural temperature regime have been investigated. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest for the development of modern methods of aquaculture of sturgeons in the conditions of farms of industrial type.

68-85

Authors: R. Palamarchuk, O. Deren, N. Mikhailenko, M. Korylak

Purpose. To determine the efficiency of using amaranth (Amaranthus) in carp feeding under standard rearing conditions and under the effect of stress-factors common in aquaculture, in order to activate the antioxidant protection system of their organism. Methodology. Fishery and hydrochemical studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The protein content was determined by the Bretford method. The concentration of diene conjugates was studied using a method based on the reaction of the optical density of a heptane isopropanol lipid extract. Determination of the concentration of TBA-active products was carried out spectrophotometrically by a color reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined as the percent of the inhibition of nitrosin tetrazolium reduction reaction in the presence of phenazine methosulfate. Catalase activity was determined by changing H2O2 concentration. Findings. The research was conducted in the aquaria room of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS. The effect on the antioxidant protection system activity of the organism of carp yearlings after addition of amaranth to their diet in the amount of 10% has been analyzed. Rearing was carried out under standard conditions and under the effect of stress-factors that are common for fish culture: pollution of the aquatic environment caused by the introduction of intensification measures; complex contamination of water with simultaneous decrease in the dissolved oxygen content. The research showed that the additional feeding of amaranth to carps under standard conditions of cultivation, there was a certain tendency to an increase in the content of SOD in muscle and hepatopancreas (by 5.9–8.3%) and to an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products (by 14.3–15.7%). The effect of stress factors showed more marked tendencies. Thus, in polluted water, the activity of SOD in muscle significantly increased (p˂0.01), at the same time, the content of diene conjugates (p˂0.01) increased. In hepatopancreas, a tendency to a 2.9% increase in the activity of catalase and a 44.1% decrease in the content of diene conjugates was observed. Under the complex effect of stress factors, the activity of catalase and TBA-products in muscles tended to decrease, diene conjugates tended to increase, while SOD increased (p˂0,01). In hepatopancreas, there was a tendency to an increase in the content of catalase and SOD, respectively, by 16.5% and 5.9%. At the same time, the content of products of lipid peroxidation — TBA products (p˂0,01) and diene conjugates (p˂0,001) reduced. Originality. The analysis of anti-oxidant properties of amaranth and the degree of the effect of feeding this additive to carp yearlings on the antioxidant protection system activity of their organism under standard conditions of cultivation and the effect of stress-factors common for aquaculture have been analyzed. Practical value. Supplementation of carp diet with amaranth in production conditions can be used as a way to reduce the degree of adverse effects of common environmental stress-factors (contamination as a result of intensive measures and decrease in dissolved oxygen content in water to critical values) on the functional state of fish organism by increasing the antioxidant protection system activity.

99-121

Authors: M. Simon

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of English-language publications on certain issues of vital activity of sturgeon (Acipenseridae), both in natural conditions and in aquaculture. Particular attention was given to species that are not common in aquaculture of Ukraine. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core was made up of literary sources from electronic archives of world-renowned specialized scientific journals. In particular: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Environmental Biology of Fishes,Conservation Biology, Lake and Reservoir Management, Estuaries,Freshwater Fisheries, Aquaculture, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Copeia & others. Results. A thematic list of main publications including thematic scientific collections, materials of international scientific and practical conferences, scientific articles and abstracts of dissertations was composed. It consists of 187 English-language papers. Presented publications cover the time interval for the last thirty years. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style ‒ international standard of references. Practical value. The prepared list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose sphere of interests is related to issues of questions breeding sturgeon in aquaculture and conservation of populations of rare species of fish.

15-25

Authors: I. Koshovyi, A. Podobailo, A. Shustov

Objective. Determination of species richness, species diversity and distribution of fishes in the Uday River within the National Nature Park “Pyryatynskiy” as well as determination of the prioritization in providing the special protection regime for some water areas. Methodology. The object of study were small-sized fish populations of the Uday River. Sampling was carried out with the framework of monitoring works in association with scientific department of National Nature Park in July 2014-2017. The study was performed in Pyriatynsky district, Poltava region, along the Uday River channel on the territory of the National Nature Park. Monitoring catches were conducted at depths up to 2 m by a beach seine of 6 m in length, mesh size of 5 mm. Sample processing was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Findings. 19 species of fish belonging to 6 families were found on National Nature Park "Pyryatynsky" territory in the catches of 2014-2017. The largest species richness was found on a station near the village Kaybalovka (14 species). Almost the same number of fish species were observed at all stations. According to the calculated species diversity indices, the highest species diversity index was determined for the station Kaybalivka. Also we calculated the Jaccard similarity coefficient. The most unique water area, according to the calculations, was the area near the station Kaybalivka. A special protection regime should be assigned to this particular water area. Originality. Any information on fish species diversity in some water areas of the Uday River is absent in the literature, but by using information about changes in species diversity it is possible to draw conclusions about the proper state of the protection of aquatic ecosystems at a specific time. Therefore, the species diversity and distribution of the Uday River has been calculated, and the priority has been given to provide a special regime for the protection of the water area near the village Kaybalivka. Practical value. The obtained data have been used in the development of plans for the conservation of the biological diversity of the national park, and in the preparation of the management plan of the Emerald Network Europe Project UA0000077.

49-56

Authors: О. Оleksiyenko, І. Hrytsyniak, V. Оborskiy, V. Bekh, B. Hankevych

Purpose. To carry out the analysis of exterior and reproductive indexes of the brood common carp of the commercial farm PJSC “Khmelnytskrybhosp”. Methodology. Methods generally accepted in fish selective breeding and farming have been used for the scientific works. Findings. Pond fish farming, as the traditional form of fisheries, is one of the main sources of table fish products, the task of which is the rearing and cultivation of valuable fish breeds in ponds. Successful fish farming development is possible only with the use of complex intensification of production. One of the main components of intensification in fish farming is the well-established selection and breeding work aimed at qualitative improvement of breeding facilities, namely: the selection of new breeds and the creation of highly productive breeding stocks of fish and their rational use. The results of production of commodity fish depend on the provision of the fish farm with fish seeds and their quality. Evaluation of the exterior and reproductive indexes of the commercial stock of brood Antonino-Zozulenetskiy common carps at the PJSC “Khmelnytskrybhosp” has been carried out for purpose of the organization of selective breeding works for improving of the growth rate, exterior, survivability and fecundity of cultured fish. Originality. This analysis will be used as a parameter of the value of Antonino-Zozulenetskiy common carp in their commercial stocks of fish farms of the PJSC “Khmelnytskrybhosp” for forming selection nests and carrying out of the selective breeding works at these farms. Practical value. The results of the work will contribute to the selection and forming of the brood stocks of Ukrainian common carp strains, which are characterized by high growth rates, exterior, typical appearance, survivability and fecundity.

68-78

Authors: M. Pashko, O. Tretiak

Purpose. To determine major parameters of the economic efficiency of the artificial production of ovulated sterlet eggs at non-traditional terms with the use of brood fish reared in the conditions of floating cages. Methodology. The calculations were conducted according to the methods generally accepted in economics. For the economic analysis, we used actual numbers of business activities at the industrial aquaculture of Ukraine, in particular, SRP “Osetr” LLC (Kyiv region) during the period of 2016-2017. The study was conducted using a fish farm producing 500 kg of ovulated sterlet eggs as an example. The structure of the analyzed production costs with the assessment of enterprise profitability supposes a full cycle of fish culture processes on rearing and exploiting of brood sterlet with the combined use of modern industrial aquaculture methods. Findings. The highest (more than 50%) share in the structure of production costs of the investigated sturgeon farm is labor compensation and costs of the purchase of high quality combined sturgeon feeds. The payoff period of a sturgeon farm producing 500 kg of ovulated sterlet eggs with the rearing of brood fish in the conditions of floating cages in a water body with natural temperature regime and artificial production of mature eggs and sperm with the use of recirculating aquaculture system was found to be no less than 6-7 years. The profitability level of fish farms of this type can exceed 40%. The ways of increasing the profitability of sturgeon farms of industrial type have been determined. Originality. The parameters of economic efficiency of the technology of rearing brood fish and artificial production of mature eggs and sperm with the use of non-traditional methods of sturgeon rearing in Ukraine have been analyzed for the first time. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest for the development of industrial aquaculture in Ukraine and assessment of performance indicators of caviar production in intensive sturgeon culture.

102-123

Authors: M. Simon

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of English-language publications on certain issues of molecular genetic and cytogenetic studies of sturgeon (Acipenseridae). Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core was made up of literary sources from electronic archives of world-renowned specialized scientific journals. In particular: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Conservation Genetics, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology etc. Results. A thematic list of the main publications was composed: thematic scientific collections, materials of international scientific and practical conferences, scientific articles and abstracts of dissertations. It consists of 156 English-language papers. Presented publications cover the time interval for the last thirty years. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style ‒ international standard of references. Practical value. The prepared list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose sphere of interests is related to issues of molecular genetic and cytogenetic research, as well as biotechnology.

16-27

Authors: M. Sarieva, M. Aliiaskarov, B. Dzhenbaev, A. Sergek uulu

Purpose. The development of a Fish Yield Prediction Model for lakes and water reservoirs of the Kyrgyz Republic based on easily measured physico-chemical and biological indicators (limnological parameters) for the effective management and sustainable use of fish resources. Methodology. Water samples for the analysis were taken once at each season (winter, spring, summer, autumn) during 2014 - 2015. The sampling included the collection of the following parameters: water temperature, acid-base balance of water (pH), electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity, nitrates, chlorophyll a. The samples were taken in surface layer of water at a depth of 0.5 m into 250 ml sterile chemical bottles. Chlorophyll "a" concentration was measured by a spectrophotometric method in laboratory conditions, according to a method described by Stirling H.P. The total alkalinity was determined by titration of sodium tetraborate solution (reverse titration), nitrates were determined by a photometric method with the Griss reagent after reduction in the cadmium reducing agent. The measurement of rapidly changing parameters, such as dissolved oxygen concentration (О2) was carried out by portable field equipment “OAKTON” DO 110, acid-base balance (pH) – “OAKTON” PH 11, measurement of water temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) was carried out with the device "Orion Star"A 322. All measurements were taken directly in water areas. Findings. According to data analysis, a number of indices, such as the morpho-edaphic index (MEI), primary productivity and biomass of phytoplankton, are strong indicators of fish yield, both in temperate and tropical lakes and reservoirs. It was identified that with an increase in the morpho-edaphic index, fish yield per unit area increases. Based on the results of our analysis, a Fish yield prediction model in six water bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic was developed, which has the following form: Y = 0.1154 х MEIc 1.1628; Y = 0.5613 х MEIa 1.1786; where: Y- fish yield, kg/ha/year; MEIc - Morpho-edaphic Index of Conductivity; MEIa - Morpho-edaphic Index of Alkalinity. Originality. This is the first research on the empirical Model development of fish yield prediction for lakes and water reservoirs in Central Asian region. The proposed Fish Yield Prediction Model, developed on the basis of MEI, using the statistical method of analysis, has invaluable practical utility to understand the fisheries potential of lakes and water reservoirs in the region, where such environmental conditions prevail. Practical value: If reliable data on fish stock assessment in water bodies are unavailable, the proposed model will be used as one of the tools in the management of fish stocks.

39-49

Authors: M. Pashko, A. Tretiak, S. Pashko, Y. Kolos, N. Mykhaylenko

Purpose. To determine main the technological parameters of artificial reproduction of sterlet (Аcipenser ruthenus) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) with a combined use of industrial aquaculture methods. Methodology. The material for the study were brood sterlet and Siberian sturgeon reared in cage conditions in a water body with natural temperature regime of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. The experiments were performed at a regulated water temperature regime at different periods of the spring (March-May) with the use of natural gonad-stimulating hormones for the stimulation of the maturation of sexual products in fish. During the process of the preparation of brood fish for fish breeding works, a recirculating water supply facility was used. The determination of technological parameters and study of physical-chemical factors of the environment were performed according to generally accepted methods. Findings . At a water temperature of 14-16оС, high efficiency of gonad maturation was observed in sterlet and Siberian sturgeon females with mean weight of 2.8 and 11.6 kg, respectively. The mean weight of eggs obtained from the brood fish was 0.45 kg in sterlet and 1.48 kg in Siberian sturgeon. The mean working fecundity was 43.29 thousand eggs in sterlet and 83.75 thousand eggs in Siberian sturgeon at a relative working fecundity of 15.44 and 7.49 thousand eggs/kg of fish body weight, respectively. During the process of egg incubation, development of fish embryos at the gastrulation stage was on average 87.17% in sterlet and 84.50% in Siberian sturgeon. The output of free embryos of both species from the quantity of embryos on the stage 15 of embryonal development was close to 83-84%. Originality . Peculiarities of the production of embryos from brood sterlet and Siberian sturgeon with a combined use of different methods of industrial aquaculture in the conditions of a sturgeon farm of the forest-steppe physical-geographical zone of Ukraine have been studied. Practical value . The results of the study are of interest for the devolvement of modern methods of sturgeon aquaculture in the conditions of an industrial type farm.

89-102

Authors: R. Palamarchuk, O. Deren

Purpose. Determination of the effectiveness of amaranth assimilation in the body of 1+ carp, the study of the effect of this non-traditional feed component on some physiological and biochemical indices of experimental fish and the economic component of their rearing. Methodology. Fish-rearing and hydrochemical studies were carried out according to generally accepted aquaculture methods. The hemoglobin content in carp blood was determined by the hemoglobin-cyanide method. The number of erythrocytes in carp blood was counted in a Goryaev’s chamber. Protein content determination was carried out according to the Bradford’s method. The concentration of diene conjugates was studied by a method based on the reaction of the optical density of the heptane-isopropanol extract of lipids. The concentration of TBA-active products was determined spectrophotometrically by a color reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by the percentage inhibition of the reduction of nitrous tetrazolium in the presence of phenazin methosulfate. The catalase activity was determined based on a change in H2O2 concentration. Findings. The study was carried out under the conditions of the State Enterprise Lviv Experimental Station of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Sciences. The subject of the study were 1+ Lubin scaly carp. Carp of the first experimental group received amaranth seed flour added to the main diet as 10% at the end of the culture season for 30 days, while another experimental group received 20%. The control group of carp was fed with grain mixtures during the entire growing period. The conditions of fish keeping were identical according to the experiment goal. The temperature regime and main hydrochemical parameters in the experimental ponds were within the limits of the normative values throughout the entire growing season. When feeding 1+ carp with amaranth, a positive effect was obtained for hematological parameters, nutritional properties of meat, activity of antioxidant protection system, and reduction in lipid peroxidation products, namely: an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content (p˂0.05-0.001), a tendency to an increase in protein and fat contents in muscles, increased activity of superoxide dismutase, a decrease in the number of TBA products and diene conjugates in blood serum. Originality. Peculiarities of growth, development of carp and efficiency of using feeds of various compositions with the addition of amaranth seeds against the background of similar satisfactory growing conditions were studied for the first time. At the same time, the effect of amaranth on physiological and biochemical parameters of the body of experimental fish was investigated. Practical value. Based on the analysis of changes in the physiological and biochemical functions of fish organism and economic efficiency as a result of feeding fish with amaranth, quantitative norms and methods for adding it to the diet of carp were developed.

112-117

Authors: Ir. Hrytsynyak, T. Shvets

Purpose. To create a thematic bibliographic list of publications on studies of ecological and biological characteristics of the Black Sea roach (vyrezub) Rutilus frisii frisii Nordman, as an endangered cyprinid species of the fish fauna of Ukraine. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core has been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian from the fund of the scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Results. There was composed a thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 37 sources covering a time interval from 1931 to 2017 devoted to the questions on the study of the geographical distribution, morphological and ecological characteristics, biological features of different developmental stages, as well as the specifics of reproduction and technologies of pond and industrial rearing of a Red Book fish species, the Black Sea roach, in the context of biodiversity conservation. In addition, the list includes publications on problems of the restitution of this species in river basins. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of ​​interests covers the questions of biological studies, and problems of the restoration and conservation of the Black Sea roach as an endangered object of fish fauna.

30-42

Authors: K. Geina, S. Shashlykova, M. Koziy

Purpose. To analyze sexual dimorphism of the Black Sea sprat Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) of the Bug lagoon under current conditions. To study the dynamics of changes in mesonephros structure during spawning migration from the estuary to the Southern Bug River. To determine the prospect of using the data of histological monitoring in ichthyological practice for the assessment of fish morphofunctional status. Methodology. Primary materials were obtained during scientific and commercial fishery surveys carried out in the Dnieper-Bug estuary system. Control stations were located along the spawning migration pathways of the Black Sea sprat from the Bug lagoon to the South Bug River. Field and laboratory processing of ichthyological samples was performed according to generally accepted methods and guidelines. Histological studies were performed using author’s equipment and original methods specially intended for fish tissue diagnostics. Findings. The studies indicated on the presence of a significant sexual dimorphism in the Black Sea sprat Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) of the Bug lagoon. The comparative analysis of twenty-four plastic features showed that sprat females had a higher body depth (td=6.11; р<0.05), shorter body (td=8.62; р<0.05)and caudal peduncle (td=7.64; р<0.05). Females also had the displacement of fins in the caudal direction that that was manifested as a significant difference between antedorsal, antepectral, anteventral, anteanal, pectoventral, and ventroanal distances (td=4.39-9.67; р<0.05). Linear parameters of fins (length, height) also differed significantly (td=3.96-11.23; р<0.05). It is important to mention that these features in females were larger than those in males. An exception was the anal fin height, which was significantly higher in males than in females (td=6.85; р<0.05). No differences were detected for abdominal fin length (td=0.03; р<0.05) that was also typical for head length (td=0.15; р<0.05). No significant differences were detected in the head area. A significant differences was observed only for eye diameter and postorbital distance (td=4.15-7.99; р<0.05). Studies of microanatomical feature showed that osmolarity fluctuations of aquatic environment had a significant effect on changes in the histological structure and functional peculiarities of the nephrogenic tissue through the reduction in the diameter of Bowmen-Shumlyansky's capsule by 7.0 µm. The reduction in the functional activity of renal convolute was demonstrated by the reduction in the height of cubic epithelium cells of convoluted tubules by 3.0 µm. Localization of ion-transporting cell groups near vascular elements and tubular epithelium indicate on the participation of mesonephros in ion-regulating processes that increase the resistance of fish to the changes in water salinity. If osmolarity of aquatic environment reduces, functional nephron activity in sprat kidney changes that is manifested as a reduction in the diameter of renal bodies and height of the epithelium of proximal convoluted tubules. Originality. The paper contains new and significantly updated already existing data on the structure of the Black Sea spat spawning stock of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system. A histological analysis of the mesonephros structure of mature Black Sea sprat was performed for the first time. Information on taxonomic peculiarities of adaptation changes in the nephrogenic tissue in the condition of spawning migration was specified and complemented. Practical value. The obtained information is valuable for morpho-physiological studies as well as for ichthyological practice due to the existing current problem of the decrease in the vital status of sprat because of the reduction in the stocks of a number of valuable commercial fish species in delta areas of the river systems of Ukraine.

58-70

Authors: B. Gankevych, O. Tretyak, O. Kolos

Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd) accumulation in organs and tissues of the North American paddlefish Polyodon spathula (Walbaum) introduced into inland water bodies of Ukraine. Methodology. The objects of the study were age-4-7 paddlefish reared in ponds of the forest-steppe and forest area of Ukraine. Age-3 carp as well as hybrids between the bighead and silver carps reared in polyculture with experimental groups of the paddlefish were used for comparative evaluation of the peculiarities of heavy metal accumulation in fish muscular tissues. The studies of the heavy metal content in pond water, fish organs and tissues were performed with the use of generally accepted toxicological methods. The quantitative contents of heavy metals were determined with the aid of the atomic-absorption spectrophotometer C-115-M1. Findings. The toxicological state of the experimental ponds was characterized by elevated values of the contents of Mn (by 8.5-8.9 times), Cu (by 2.1-3.9 times) and Pb (by 1.5-1.80 in water. The concentration of other heavy metals in water did not exceed the allowed values. Similar patterns were found regarding the heavy metal distribution and accumulation in paddlefish organs and tissues as for carps. No maximum allowable concentrations of heavy metals were detected in the muscular tissues of the paddlefish. Among all studied fish reared in polyculture, the paddlefish had the lowest content of Cu, Co, Pb and Cd in muscles. The mean heavy metal contents in paddlefish muscles in the studied ponds of forest-steppe and forest area were: Fe (4.64-29.60), Zn (1.20-5.54), Mn (0.10-0.23), Cu (0.09-0.44), Ni (0.28-2.15), Co (0.10-0.13), Pb (0.63-0.94), Cd (0.031-0.037). Originality. The peculiarities of the distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in organ and tissues of the North American paddlefish reared in the conditions of pond farms of Ukraine have been studied for the first time. Practical value. The study results is an essential component of the material for the creation of a database for the determination of product quality of domestic sturgeon culture, in particular regarding the peculiarities of heavy metal accumulation in fish.

81-88

Authors: M. Pashko, O. Tretiak, O. Kolos

Purpose. To study the peculiarities of the artificial production of ovulated eggs from brood sterlet at non-traditional terms and to determine major productive parameters in experimental fish groups. Methodology. The object of the study were sterlet females of different ages with body weights 1.4–3.3 kg reared in the conditions of a farm of industrial type in a water body with natural temperature regime for the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The experiment was performed under regulated water temperature regime during the period from January to March with the use of natural gonadotropic preparations for the stimulation of fish gonad maturity. A recirculating aquaculture system was used during the preparation of brood fish for the study. Determination of productive parameters and study of physical-chemical factors of the environment were performed according to generally accepted methods. Findings. High efficiency of gonad maturation was observed in all experimental fish under water temperature of 14.0-16.5oC. Mean weights of sexual products obtained from brood fish in different experimental variants were 130–384 g. Mean working fecundities and relative working fecundities of sterlet females varied within 13.42–36.83 thousand eggs and 8.80–13.40 thousand eggs/kg of fish weight. General duration of fish maturation from the beginning of hormonal stimulation until the moment of the beginning of egg ovulation changed on average from 407.6 to 587.4 degree-hours. Originality. The peculiarities of the production of mature eggs from sterlet females with the use of industrial reproduction of sturgeons, which is new for Ukrainian aquaculture, have been studied. Practical value. The study results can be useful for the development of advanced methods of sturgeon aquaculture in the conditions of industrial fish farms.

103-115

Authors: R. Palamarchuk, O. Deren

Purpose. Determination of the effect of adding an Amaranthus (Amaranthus) supplement with anti-oxidant properties to the basic diet of carp on some fish-physiological parameters depending on rearing conditions. Methodology. Aquaculture, ichthyological and hydrochemical studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods in fish culture. The hemoglobin content in carp blood was determined by hemoglobin-cyanide method. The number of red blood cells in the blood of carp was counted in the Goryaev’s chamber. Determination of protein content was carried out using the Bradford’s method. The concentration of diene conjugates was estimated by a method based on the reaction of the optical density of the heptaninopropanol lipid extract. Determination of the concentration of TBK-active products was carried out spectrophotometrically by color reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by the inhibition of the reaction of nitrosin tetrazolium reduction in the presence of phenazine methisulphate. The activity of catalase was evaluated based on changing H2O2 concentration. Findings. The study analyzed the effect of feeding carp with grains of Ukrainian high-yielding feed grade amaranth with healing properties (Kharkiv-1) on physiological and biochemical parameters of fish organism. A comparative description of the efficiency of using this feed supplement under standard conditions of cultivation and the effect of a stress factor (water pollution as a result of intensification measures) was carried out. In both experiments, an increase in the number of formed blood elements was observed in the blood of experimental groups of fish: there was a tendency of an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 15-18.1% compared to control. Under optimum conditions of rearing, there was a tendency for an increase in body fat in the experimental group carp carps, while the effect of stress factors increases the protein (p<0.01) and fat contents compared to control. Under optimal conditions of cultivation, the tendency of an increase in SOD activity, both in muscles and in hepatopancreas of carp (by 5.9-8.3%.) was observed. Under the effect of stress factors, the activity of this enzyme was significantly increased (p˂0.01 ) that indicated on the activation of the anti-oxidant properties of amaranth in the event of negative factors. Originality. For the first time the effect of biologically active properties of amaranth on some fish and physiological parameters of age-1+ fish was studied and the effectiveness of its use under optimum conditions of cultivation, as well as the effect of stress factor was determined. Practical value. Laboratory simulation of high content of nitrites in water, as widely common stress-factor in fish farming, and comparison of its effect on some fish-physiological parameters of carp organism is justified and topical. Taking into account positive results of the introduction of this feed additive into the diet of carp, it is possible to solve the problems of fish farms caused by the intensification of production, namely: reduction in fish growth gain and their death due to hypoxia and the development of concomitant diseases as a result of organic pollution of the aquatic environment.

130-136

Authors: B. Grishyn, I. Hrytsyniak, I. Osoba

Purpose. To characterize some physiological-biochemical peculiarities of cross-bred carp of the first generation from crossing Antoninsko-Zozulenets and Lubin intrabreed types of Ukrainian framed breed. To establish the peculiarities of protein metabolism in the organism of the studied carp groups. Methodology. Classical biochemical methods of the determination of protein concentration and ratios of its fractions in tissues were used for the study. Findings. Peculiarities of protein metabolism in the organism of cross-bred carp of the first generation from crossing Antoninsko-Zozulenets and Lubin intrabreed types of Ukrainian framed breed were demonstrated. In particular, data on protein content in skeletal muscle tissues and hepatopancreas of the studied fish groups were provided. Scientific novelty. An analysis of protein metabolism in the organism of cross-bred carp of the first generation from crossing Antoninsko-Zozulenets and Lubin intrabreed types of Ukrainian framed breed was performed for the first time. Practical value. Protein metabolism defines physiological-biochemical homeostasis of fish organism in a significant degree. Therefore, protein concentration in tissues as well as the ratio of some protein fractions play an important role in the evaluation of biological peculiarities of the examined carp groups and reflect the functioning of major metabolic systems in fish organism.