Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

10-25

Authors: Mohamed I. A. Othman, Ezaira R. M. Edeeb

A new model of generalized rotation-thermoelastic in an isotropic elastic medium with voids and two-temperature is established. The entire elastic medium is rotated with a uniform angular velocity. The formulation is applied under three theories of generalized thermoelasticity: Lord-Schulman with one relaxation time, Green-Lindsay with two relaxation times, as well as the coupled theory. The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expressions for the considered variables. Some particular cases are also discussed in the context of the problem. Numerical results for the considered variables are obtained and illustrated graphically. Comparisons are also made with the results predicted by different theories (CD), (L-S), (G-L) in the absence and presence of rotation, initial, as well as two-temperature parameters.

33-38

Authors: Fatih Killi, Seval Örnek

Seed cotton is transferred from the harvesting machinery to the warehouse where it is stored until ginning. During this time, trash and moisture content of seed cotton, and temperature and relative humidity of storage contributed to the deterioration of seed cotton. This study has been carried out in order to find out the impact on fiber quality parameters (length, fineness, strength, uniformity, elongation, short fiber content and yellowness) of different storage times (S1: Ginning without storage, S2: Ginning after 30 days stored, S3: Ginning after 60 days stored, S4: Ginning after 90 days stored and S5: Ginning after 120 days stored) in mechanically harvested seed cotton of two cotton (Maras-92 and BA-308) cultivars (G. hirsutum L.). There were no differences between cultivars for fiber length, fineness, strength and uniformity. The mean values of fiber length, fineness, strength and uniformity were 30.7 mm, 4.49 micronaire, 30.6 (g tex-1) and 83.52% respectively. BA-308 had higher elongation and yellowness, lower short fiber content than the characters of Maras-92. In the study, it was detected that all characteristics except fineness and uniformity showed significant differences among storage times. Cultivar-storage time interaction was significant only for strength. At the end of experiment, when storage times were delayed from S1 to S5 treatment, fiber length, strength, elongation, short fiber content and degree of yellowness were negatively changed.

46-55

Authors: Nasrin Sohrabi, Nahid Rasouli, Mahnaz Karimi

In this study, the potential of low cost activated carbon obtained from Hibiscus Sabdariffa stem as biosorbent was investigated for the adsorption of Direct red 81 (DR 81) from aqueous solution. The effect of parameters such as temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration and ultrasonic irradiation were evaluated. Also, experimental equilibrium and kinetic data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. The results obtained from kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption of DR onto activated carbon can be described with pseudo second-order model and the equilibrium isotherm results were described by the Langmuir model. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters of ΔHo and ΔGo showed that the adsorption process is an endothermic and occurs spontaneously. The overall results showed that the synthesized activated carbon can be an efficient adsorbent due to its low cost and high efficiency.

63-71

Authors: Samy S Abu Naser

Intelligent Tutoring System Builder (ITSB) is an authoring tool designed and developed to aid teachers in constructing intelligent tutoring systems in multidisciplinary fields. The teacher is needed to create a set of pedagogical fundamentals, which, in line, are inured to automatically build up a broad tutor framework and construct an intelligent tutoring system. In this paper an explanation of the theory and the architecture of the tool are outlined. A presentation of several system components, the requirements of the different components, integration of these components in ITSB tool are shown. Furthermore, implanting of requirements, cognitive principle, and common design fundamentals in the tool to ease the use of teachers. A variety of design matters, an example of building an intelligent tutoring system for teaching Java language using ITSB tool and an evaluation are presented.

77-84

Authors: Ahad Ouria, Taher Baher Talari

A conceptual constitutive model is presented for consolidation and yield of structured clays. The effect of the soil structure is introduced in the model by variable parameters for slope of isotropic compression curve, pre-compression pressure and the slope of the critical state line. Generalized thermodynamic principals with the specific form of free energy and dissipative energy functions are used to derive the yield function and elastic-plastic response of the model. Free energy and dissipative energy functions are introduced by an additional term related to the work of the additional volumetric plastic strain due to the soil structure and the disturbed state concept is employed to derive the incremental response of the model.

89-91

Authors: Matthew N O Sadiku, Mahamadou Tembely, Sarhan M Musa

This introductory study provides how companies are using business intelligence to improve the effectiveness of decision-making. Business intelligence is increasingly becoming necessary for business leaders to visualize, analyze, and prepare their strategic planning. In recent years, several organizations have implemented business intelligence and analytics for big data solutions. The organizations are governed by information, knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom.

95-100

Authors: Duha Saleh Karem, Hamzah Abdulhasan Kadhim, Hamid T Al-Saad

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Noise pollutants, emitted from the industrial area of West Qurna-2 oil field, Southern Iraq. Fieldwork carried out during 2015-2016 at ten selected stations. The results of the regional Noise levels was shown that the highest mean at station 10 (79.150Db) while the lowest at station 1(44.725Db),while seasonal levels showed that higher mean concentrations was recorded during winter (68.31Db), and the lower mean concentrations recorded during summer (64.12Db). With respect to spatial variably of studied parameters, the parameters concentrations in studied stations gradually increased from station 1 to station 5, and then significantly decreased at station 6 and finally increased to station 10. The fluctuation in concentrations of stations is due to distance from the flame of the flare which near to the stations 8,9,10 and far to the stations 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, while the seasonal concentration arrange as following: winter >spring >autumn>summer. By comprising the result concentration of this study with literature reviews and standard level of the variable concentration, the concentration levels lie within the recommended guidelines.

105-111

Authors: Rahmon A. Suraj, Popoola O. Monsuru, Shittu O. Jeleel, Musa A. Ibrahim

The work investigates the potential of using elevated curing at different temperature to improve the mechanical properties of mortar mixes made from ternary blend of industrial by-products and Portland cement. Mortar mixes combination comprising OPC (50%) – GGBS (45%) - BPD (5%), OPC (60%) – GGBS (25%) - SF (15%), OPC (50%) and OPC (60%) – PFA (25%)- SF (15%) was subjected to elevating curing temperature at 30 oC, 35 oC and 40 oC for 24 hours to determine the mechanical properties. The mixes were tested for both split tensile and compressive strength at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days and there is significant strength improvement at 40OC for OPC (50%) – GGBS (45%) - BPD (5%) compared to the other mixes at different curing temperature. The results obtained from the study shows improvement that can translate into reducing the uses of cement in construction industry.

121-127

Authors: Shuker Mahmood

In this work, we prove that if is a prime with for some integer number , where . Then is a divisor of , where ( positive integer), is the number of solutions for the Frobenius equation in group of order , and is a cardinality of (conjugacy class of ) in . Moreover, in this research we prove that if all elements of the solutions set are conjugate to for some , then divides . Next, we show that, if (mod ). Then is a multiple of.

131-143

Authors: Loveth N Emembolu, Domonic O Onukwuli, Joseph T Nwabanne

In this study, the basic flow properties of cotton seed methyl ester like density, viscosity, cloud and pour points was carried out to determine the changes when fatty acid methyl ester was blended with diesel fuel. Empirical and generalized equations, validated by using measured values, to predict the density, viscosity, cloud and pour points of the blends. In order to predict these properties, mixing rule was evaluated as a function of the volume fraction of biodiesel in the blend. The effect of biodiesel fraction on each of these properties and to the effects of temperature on the density and viscosity were investigated. The blends (B10 –B100) were prepared on a volume basis. Generalized equations and Arrhenius equation for predicting the density and viscosity of the blends were used. The low values of the absolute average deviations (AAD) and the maximum absolute deviations (MAD) obtained confirmed the solubility of the mixing rule used. For all the blends, it was observed that the results obtained from the measured and estimated values of density and viscosities were in good agreement. From the results, the density and viscosities of the blends decreased with increase in temperature while these properties increased with increase in biodiesel content in the fuel blend. The cloud point and pour point of the blend increased as the biodiesel concentration increased. The values obtained from empirical equations for predicting the relationship between cloud points, pour point and biodiesel content in the blends were in good agreement with the experimental value.

153-160

Authors: Okon U Abakedi, James E Asuquo, Mfon A James, Nsikan E Ituen

The inhibition action of Maesobatrya barteri leaf (LF) and root (RT) extracts on mild steel corrosion in 1M H2SO4 solution was studied using weight loss method. The results obtained reveal that the extracts functioned as good inhibitors of mild steel in H2SO4 solution. Inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase in extract concentration and temperature, and followed the trend: LF > RT. Chemical adsorption mechanism has been proposed for the adsorption of the plant extracts onto mild steel surface. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption of the extracts onto metal surface was endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental data for the LF extract obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm while that of the RT extract followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

166-173

Authors: Titus Bitek Watmon, Fredrick Joseph Otim, Peter Okello-Obeli

This paper presents results of a long study for different types of tool materials ranging from TiN coated tungsten carbides, uncoated tungsten carbides, plain ceramic carbides and high speed steel. These tool inserts were used to cutmild steel grade EN1-A. Cutting speed of 300m/min was used and the cutting lasted for 15 minutes for each tip with sufficient mist coolant supply to the tool-work and chip-tool interface. Mild steel is sometimes referred to as carbon steel or plain steel. Typically, it is stiff and strong. This type of mild steel does not rust easily and they can be easily painted or primed. Wear on rake face takes place in the form of a crater away from the cutting edge in a zone where the temperature is highest. Primary wear mechanism is by way of abrasion caused by the chip rubbing against the tool surface. Results show that at the speed investigated, the coated tungsten carbide inserts have a much higher resistance to wear. All the inserts failed by abrasion action as result of friction at the tool-work interface except for plain ceramics carbides which failed catastrophically by chipping. The criterion used for failurewere both work surfaceroughness criterion and tool flank wear measurement criterion.

183-191

Authors: Nasrin Sohrabi, Alireza Amini Khouzani

Employing spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis, copper (II) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline based ligand,[Cu(FIP)2](OAC)2 (1) in which FIP = 2-(Furan-2-yl)-1H-Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline (FIP) as ligand was synthesized and characterized in this study. The interaction of[Cu(FIP)2](OAC)2 (1) with calf-thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was studied by UV/Vis absorption fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements in 20 mMTris/HCl buffer solution, pH 7.0 at 25 °C. The[Cu(FIP)2](OAC)2 (1) complex bind to ct-DNA via hydrophobic mode as illustrated by hyperchromism in the UV/Vis absorption band of[Cu(FIP)2](OAC)2 (1), and also the decreasing of ethidium bromide (EtBr)-DNA solution fluorescence. The Copper complex interacts with ct-DNA while having an intrinsic binding constant of 1.65 × 105 M-1. Furthermore, the thermodynamic studies suggested that the interaction processes were endothermic disfavored (ΔH >0) and entropy favored (ΔS >0). This was an indication to the fact that the Copper complex might interact with ct-DNA by a non-traditional intercalation mode of binding via hydrophobic force. The viscosity-related explorations showed no considerable increasing changes in the viscosity of ct-DNA with the increasing of the concentration of Copper complex.

203-211

Authors: Anaeto FC, Chukwu-Okoya C, Okoroma E, Achuko G, Asiabaka CC, Ani AO, Ibeabuchi II

This study analysed the adoption and discontinuance utilization of Alley farming by farmers in Aguata Local Government Area Anambra State Nigeria. Data were Collected with structured and Validated questionnaire from 120 randomly selected Alley farming technology farmers who adopted and discontinued the utilization of the technology. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics: mean scores, percentages and frequency distribution and z-test was used to established the hypothesized relationships. Results of the study show that majority of the farmers who adopted the technology initially later discontinued and major factors that led to the discontinuance among others included: financial implications, inadequate information sources as only farmers and neighbours were found to be major sources of information, environmental factors, inadequate extension contact etc. The discontinuance behaviour of farmers were found to take various forms but gradual form was more than other forms. The discontinuance behaviour in Aguata was not total. The study recommended among others that Extension Service should overhaul the mechanism and channels used in introducing the technology, with intensive follow-up and adequate extension contact between the farmers and extension service.

215-220

Authors: Anaeto FC, Ajaero JO, Anyoha NP, Chukwu-Okonya C, Ani AO, Nnadi FN, Onwukwe SC, Ugwoke FO, Asiabaka CC

This study comparatively analyzed the actual and assigned roles of extension personnel in Imo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP). Data were collected with structured questionnaire and interview schedule from 100 farmers and 120 extension personnel randomly selected from the three agricultural zones in the state. Data were analyzed and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools such as frequency distribution table, percentages, mean score and chi-square was used to test if there is any significant difference between the actual and assigned roles of the respondents. The results among others showed that the assigned roles performed by the extension workers differ greatly from their actual role in the field. Most of the assigned roles performed by the extension personnel include; visitations to farmers, conducting trails and attending trainings (FNT & BM), while most of the actual role performed include; Tax collection, revenue generation, selling of materials, school runs, office work, farm hands and helping farmers have access to loan. Factors which influence these roles include; motivation, level of education of the staff, income level and the policy of the agency which had great influence on the assigned roles of the extension workers while greed, low income level and low motivation of the staff had great influence on their actual roles. The recommendations among others include the following: Policy should be developed by which the extension workers gain adequate incentive on the job, the agents should be given necessary transportation facilities and more in-service training for extension workers should be provided.

226-233

Authors: Aladeitan, Yetunde M, Udebhulu Dickson Okhira

The importance of designing a horizontal well completion for the purpose of optimizing production can never be overemphasized. In thin oil columns wherethe problem of gas and water coning is predominant, it is important to optimize the perforation length so as to get as much oil as possible from the thin oil rim reservoirprior to the onset of water and gas coning. It is very critical to know exactly how much of the horizontal length should be perforated. In this study, the effect of perforation lengthsand densitieson oil production is from a thin oil rim reservoir wereanalyzed.The results show that horizontal well performance is directly affected by the distribution/location and length of the perforated intervals i.e. the higher the length of fraction perforated the less dependent is the production on the distribution,the more uniform the distribution of the perforations along the entire length of the reservoir, the lower the gas oil ratio(GOR) The same fraction length uniformly perforated across the entire length of the well yields a higher production when compared to when perforated length is concentrated at the heelor toe.

240-251

Authors: Omoruyi Kenneth, Ogbewe Jennifer

This study was carried out to determine the effects of bleeding and gutting procedures on the microbial load of smoke- dried Clarias gariepinus. Sixteen fish samples of C. gariepinus of average weight 0.9 kg were subjected to various bleeding and gutting treatments as follows; [A] Neither bled nor gutted, [B] bled but not gutted, [C] gutted but not bled and [D]bled and gutted. Microbial analyses were carried out on them. The mean total bacteria count of the fresh fish samples was highest in sample A which was neither bled nor gutted [28.0 ×103 cfu/g], while the lowest was observed in sample D which was bled and gutted [8.0 × 103 cfu/g]. The mean total fungi count was highest in sample A [9.3 ×103cfu/g] and the lowest was recorded in sample D [6.0×103cfu/g]. The mean total bacteria count of the smoke-dried samples was highest in sample B which was bled but not gutted [10.0 × 103 cfu/g] and lowest in Sample D [4.0 × 103cfu/g]. The mean total fungi count was highest in Sample A [8.3 ×103cfu/g], while the least was observed in Sample D [4.3×103 cfu/g]. The mean total bacteria count for the smoke-dried samples after two months of storage was highest in sample A [69.3×103cfu/g] and was lowest in Sample D [31.0 ×103cfu/g] Sample A [93.0 ×103cfu/g] had the highest mean fungi count while the least was seen in Sample C which was gutted but not bled [33.7 ×103 cfu/g]. Microbial count of the fresh fish samples was reduced after smoke-drying and increased during storage at ambient temperature. Gutting was more efficient in reducing microbial load of the samples than bleeding. This shows that gutted fish will have a longer shelf life than bled fish but both will last longer than fish species that are neither bled nor gutted when subjected to similar storage condition.

258-266

Authors: Guillermo Alfonso De la Torre-Gea, Irving César Ortiz Vázquez, Enrique Rico García, Ramón Guevara González, Karla Adriana Morales Vázquez, Rodriguez-Mendez Lilia Irene, Rodrigo Fernandez-Loyola, Juan Francisco Pérez Robles

In recent years it has been considered absorption ammonium zeolite for obtaining hydrogen. For which it is important to know the best gravimetry and optimal concentration of ammonium used in zeolite-based devices. In this research, ammonio at 5, 10 and 15 g/l through three different gravimetries of zeolite were simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics, to measure its performance as ammonium remover. The zeolite was activated with NaCl at 200 °C with the aim of presented better physical and chemical characteristics. The laboratory results allowed us to obtain the initial values and to develop the calibration computer models. The results obtained by the models showed that the concentration of 10 g/L and particle zeolite size between 1.00 mm to 1.55 mm, were the most effective values in absorbing ammonium. To increase the performance to ammonium absortion process, we apply a multivariate analysis method based in Bayesian networks, in order to obtain inferences and determine the variables of greatest significance in the absorption of ammonia process. Analysis by Bayesian networks, using Naïves Bayes determined that the height of the device simulated had influencia to absorption.

281-284

Authors: Intikhab A Ansari, Syed S Ghani, Iqbal Hussain

The toxicity of arsenic and its severe effect on human-beings are reported in this study. The different exposure limits of various materials are described during the synthesis of iron-based superconductor as a time-weighted average (TWA) over an 8-hours workday. This report reveals that the element arsenic is found to be highly toxic in case of inhalation or ingestion by the employers amongst the starting materials during the synthesis of oxyarsenide superconductor. All the exposure limits are taken from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations. This study helps to increase the primary care provider’s knowledge of hazardous substances such as arsenic in the environment and to promote the adoption of medical practices that aid in the evaluation and care of potentially exposed patients.