Bulletin of Science and Practice

23-30

Authors: Кobzar V.

Climate change, combined with exposure to air pollutants, can adversely affect the quality of life of patients with pollinosis. Meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation can correct the aeropalynological prognosis in different years. With this in mind, the purpose of this article was to study the influence of meteorological factors and pollutants on the dynamics of the pollen content of plants in the air and its modifications associated with climate change. It was established that the temperature increase in the spring in Bishkek favored intensive pollinating of trees and shrubs, and in the fall — of weeds. Precipitation and relative humidity dramatically negatively affected the pollen content, due to fragmentation, the disintegration of native pollen into smaller fragments. Air pollutants influenced both positively (dust, benz–a–pyrene) on the dynamics of the pollen content, and negatively (SO2, NO2, CO). The number of polymorphic, teratomorphic, deformed and fragmented pollen grains, especially of grass and weeds, has increased in the aeropatinological spectrum, which in the future will contribute to the weighting of pollinosis and the development of symptoms of pollen asthma. The obtained results serve as the basis for creating a regional pollen monitoring service, its inclusion in the global network and taking into account the allergenic properties of trees and shrubs when greening cities in the republic.

39-50

Authors: Daineka M., Timofeev S., Zhadko, S.

This article presents the results of the assessment of the biological availability of radionuclides in the soil. The object of this work is to identify the forms of cesium-137 in the soil and to establishing their quantitative ratio 30 years after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. We were determined the mobility of radiocaesium in the soil, a sequential extraction method was used. Research methods: Research revealed significant differences in the concentration of radiocaesium in the solvents used. The content of radiocaesium in the aqueous extract varied from 0.4 Bq to 5.5 Bq, ammonium acetate varied from 0.3 Bq to 2.8 Bq. The most significant radiocaesium transitions were observed using hydrochloric acid. When we were using 1M hydrochloric acid, radiocaesium content was (0.4–4.2) Bq, at a concentration of 6M (2–88) Bq. Analysis of the dynamics of the content of radiocaesium in the aqueous extract indicates a decrease in the size of the radionuclide transition overall soils. Average rates for sandy loam were 2,3% and 1.8%, sandy soil 4.3% and 2.2%, and peat bog 0.8% and 0.3% for 2017–2018 years. For the ammonium acetate extract on sandy loops, there was an increase in the transition from 1.3% to 2.5%. On sand and peat, there was a decrease in availability, respectively (7.6–4.5)% and (1.8–0.7)%. The radionuclide transition decreased from 2.9% to 2.2%, when extracting with hydrochloric acid (1M concentration) on sandy loam. On the sand revealed an increase in availability from 4.4% to 5.2%. Accessibility changes have occurred minimal, on the moor. Soil treatment with 6M hydrochloric acid increased the radionuclide transfer to sandy loam and peatlands. An increase in the amount of radiocaesium in 6=M acid means the further fixation of the radionuclide by the soil absorbing complex.

61-68

Authors: Sambuu A., Ayunova O.

The paper gives the characteristic of the main natural areas of Tuva medicinal raw material reserves, characterized by certain predominant and similar combinations of natural elements repeated over large areas. Comparative geographical analysis shows that the peculiarities of the relief and climate caused the peculiarity of vegetation in different parts of Tuva.

91-96

Authors: Suerculov E., Yuldashev I., Mamyraliev A., Toktosunova S., Tsepeleva A., Soorombaev A.

The incidence of children with moderate to severe stomatitis was studied in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the National Center for Maternal and Child Welfare for the period 2005–2016. Total hospitalized with moderate and severe stomatitis during this period amounted to 7250 children. The prevalence of stomatitis of viral aetiology has been established. The analysis of the prevalence and structure of the disease. On the basis of the obtained data, the conclusion was made about the high prevalence of this pathology in childhood and the need for further research and development of effective treatment methods.

101-109

Authors: Ongoeva B., Alymbaev E., Kozhonazarova G., Karasheva N.

Based on the history of the disease, there have been identified as the most significant risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in children. In the first place — frequent use of fast food. This risk factor has the highest rates of OR=192.0 and PPV=98%. Further in descending OR follows frequent consumption of carbonated beverages (OR=120.46) and unhealthy diet (OR=25.55). Among the genetic risk factors that affect the development of this pathology in children, the presence of hypertension in father (OR=6.674), obesity in mother (OR=4.661) and hypertensive disease in mother (OR=3.127) are statistically significant in children.

116-120

Authors: Kravchenko R., Rosero, M.

The paper presents the results of the investigation of the soils on the slopes with the exposure to the south and north in the valley of the Guayllabamba river, South America, Equatorial Andes. The analysis proved that the soils on the slope with the exposure to the north are characterized by the small amount of organic matter (0.10–0.21%). The organic matter content in the soils of the slope with the exposure to the south varies from 0.44 to 1.92%. The maximum organic matter amount on the slope with the exposure to the south reveals in the parts with the slope angle of 19°, the minimum amount characterises the slope with the angle of 14° The upper part of the south–exposure slope, characterized as more fertile, differs in the most parameters. The slopes of Equatorial Andes are characterized by great microclimate diversity that creates a range of local ecosystems.

128-137

Authors: Gasimov L.

The agro-industrial cadasters are separated in the Lankaran Lowland: Masalli–Vilashchai agro-industrial cluster (main specialization: grain growing, vegetable-growing (potato), forage growing, vine growing, cultured pasture, hayfield); Central Lowland agro-industrial cluster (vegetable growing, forage growing, paddy growing, tea growing, citrus growing, hayfield); Astarachai–Shuvi industrial cluster (citrus growing, tea growing, vegetable growing). A management system of the farming lands was offered as an example of Astarachai–Shuvi cluster and the management blocks have been separated: management of the environment indices (height, inclination, exposure, annual rainfalls, annual temperature, relative humidity, a sum of the temperatures more than 10; an quantity of the windy days, direction and etc. ); management of the soil (fertility) parameters (physical, chemical, physicochemical characters and regimes of the agronomic importance in soil); management of the biological indices (events in connection with the problems of seed-growing, the agricultural plants growing, productivity increase, protection and guarding and etc.).

148-153

Authors: Avdeev A., Kigashpaeva O.

Inherited variability of plants is associated with mutations. They lead to changes in the structure of genes, their number, the sequence of location, the structure of chromosomes, their number and number of haploid sets. This, in turn, leads to the variability of biological, morphological, biochemical and other traits of plants and other organisms. Spontaneous mutations tend to occur at a low frequency. Therefore, researchers use induced mutagenesis, which significantly increases the frequency of mutations. Comparison of spontaneous and induced mutants shows that in induced mutagenesis there is a severe impact of mutagenic factors on the genotype, which leads to a significant imbalance of the genome and its long-term genetic variability. The applied γ– irradiation of tomato seeds made it possible to detect up to 3% of plants with useful traits, but they could not be fixed in the progeny. Despite numerous attempts to create varieties by the method of induced mutagenesis, their number is very small, and productive breeders, as a rule, do not use the method of inducing hereditary changes, which can be observed from the publications of the last 10–15 conferences and meetings on vegetable and melon growing (2000–2016). In connection with the above, a great theoretical and practical interest is the study of the spontaneous forming process in tomato against the background of natural viral infectivity. In this case, we should expect the likelihood of the emergence and selection of valuable donors. The article presents the facts of spontaneous mutagenesis of the shape and size of the fetus. As a result of studying the arising spontaneous mutations of characters and their reversions in the progeny, mutant plants and lines with valuable economic qualities were selected. The authors believe that almost all the diversity of tomato in shape, weight and colour of the fruit is mainly due to mutations.

159-165

Authors: Panasyuk A., Demko A.

Criteria are adopted that evaluate the energy tool used in the unit according to the degree of realization of the installed capacity in the working stroke mode, which simultaneously meets the modern requirements of resource saving and high performance. But to obtain the desired value of the specific productivity, when calculating the power, it is necessary to specify either the operating speed or the capture width or both parameters, that is, the net performance. To calculate the criterion of energy efficiency of the new unit, a method was used, based on the fact that for each power unit on a certain soil background there is an optimal value of traction resistance at which the traction efficiency reaches a maximum. This technique allows us to calculate a rational energy tool for performing field work in crop production technologies with high energy efficiency and taking into account the environmental consequences of the anthropogenic effect on agrocenosis.

174-183

Authors: Zamanova A.

In the poorly man-caused polluted soils of the Absheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan (Kala settlement), field experiments were carried out with the help of Sorghum plants (Sorghum vulgare L.). In phytoremediation experiments, the Sorghum plant (Sorghum vulgare L.) occupies a special place in its physiological characteristics. For the planting and cultivation of Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.), 2 sites with dimensions of 5×5 m = 25 m2 were identified. The first site was intended for the control option. The soil of the second site was treated with a special biofertilizer with a calculation of 29–30 kg per 25 m2 of area. In addition, in the process of growing Sorghum plants (Sorghum vulgare L.) on the second site, it was exposed to spraying with biologically active liquid preparations Baktovit and Biomax with a calculation of 1 litre from each preparation for a site with a size of 25m2. The vegetative period of the Sorghum plant (Sorghum vulgare L.) lasted 140 days. The growth process was analyzed in the integral approximation, by the weight of the green mass of the plants taken from each 1 m2 of the site, which was chosen at random. The choice and weighing of the green mass were carried out 5 times, 30, 50, 70, 90, 120th days of the vegetation period of Sorghum plants (Sorghum vulgare L.). The growth of plants in the context of the integral approximation was analyzed within the framework of two substrate model of plant growth. It was revealed that, in the framework of this approximation, the growth of the Sorghum plant (Sorghum vulgare L.) is described with sufficient accuracy by an exponential function. Analysis of the obtained data allows the following conclusions. The growth process of Sorghum plants (Sorghum vulgare L.) has shown its stability against poorly technogenically polluted soils and can play an important role in the biological rehabilitation of such soils. The growth dynamics of Sorghum plants (Sorghum vulgare L.) during the growing season as part of the approximate weight of the green mass is satisfactorily described by the two-substrate model of plant growth, which demonstrates the ability of the plant to adapt to the shortages of nutrients in the soil environment.

190-194

Authors: Gvinianidze T.

The paper presents the physical, biological and chemical characteristics of the pits and skins of some types of organic varieties of coloured grapes cultivated in the wine–growing and wine–growing zone of Imereti. The antioxidant activity of the solid parts of the grape raw materials of the Zeibel, Jvarisula, Ojaleshi-clone, and Isabella varieties and the prospects for the use of their extracts with a therapeutic target in food additives were studied. Grape seeds and skin are rich in phenolic compounds and anthocyanin glycosides, respectively, they are of interest to our research.

203-213

Authors: Dmitriev А., Lednev A., Pegova N., Popov D.

The effect of the last cultivated crop on the species diversity and productivity of a short-term (three-year) deposit was studied when the intensive use of arable land was stopped. The studies were carried out on the basis of many years of field agricultural experience, some of the variants of which were left for natural overgrowing. It is established that the last crop rotation has a significant impact on the species composition of the emerging short-term deposit only in the first year of overgrowing. In the second and third year, the number and types of plants in the developing phytocenosis are determined by weeds and are represented by their most common species in a given territory. As costs forms, the share of perennial plant species in the composition of herbage in the short-term fallow and reduction of annual species increases. In the third year of overgrowing, typical plants occur on forest edges and in the forest, including tree-shrub vegetation, appear in the herbage. The productivity of green mass of herbaceous plants already in the second year of overgrowing is sharply reduced and already depends little on the initial crop of crop rotation.

220-227

Authors: Bachura Yu., Matveenkova T.

The paper analyzes the influence of the culture liquid soil microalgae Eustigmatos Magnus, Haematococcus Pluvialis and Chlorella Vulgaris growth and development of seedlings of radish seeds. It was revealed that the culture fluid of microalgae capable of stimulating the growth and development of seeds of radish, mostly affecting the performance length of the aerial part of seedlings and biomass performance and length of roots.

234-240

Authors: Shaidurova G., Gatina E., Vasilyev I., Antipin V., Shevyakov Ya.

At the present moment the volume of binder industrial waste belonging to hazard class 2 and intended for disposal makes up hundreds of tons per year. Due to its increased toxicity disposal of the binder waste in polymer composite materials production refers to one of the problematic issues in actual practice since its disposal is extremely difficult. The article deals with the results of researches related to reduction of hazard class of epoxy resins used in production for their further disposal. In order to determine the product’s hazard class biotesting methods using Scenedesmus quadricauda Breb. algae and Daphnia magna Straus. daphniae were applied. Epoxy resins mixture wastes hazard class reduction is achieved by filling them with a natural component in the form of starch followed by converting the mixture to solid state in presence of ortho–phosphoric acid.

248-253

Authors: Khujaev P.

The combustion chamber and flues boiler radiant heat exchange occur between the gas (combustion products) and limiting gas surfaces of the combustion chamber and flues. In this case, part of the energy–emitted gas is absorbed by the surfaces, and part of it is reflected into the gas. The resulting heat flow between the gas and the surface defined by the difference between the amount of energy emitted by the gas on the surface, and the amount of energy absorbed by the gas from the radiation surfaces. The article presents the basic formulas for boilers on solid fuel with a movable grate. Calculations show that the change in volume of the furnace leads to a change in radiant heat transfer.

263-268

Authors: Asqarov N., Djurayev B.

The article describes the role and importance of sericulture in the national economy, as well as the stages of the development of greening production. The proposals and recommendations on the organization of an effective form of entrepreneurship in the delivery of green to subjects involved in breeding silkworms are given. A scheme showing the steps of operation. It is recommended to study the experience of foreign countries in the reproduction and distribution of silkworm seeds, and then they can be used in our republic. Particular attention should be paid to work experience in India. The Republic of India is the second largest silkworm seed and cocoon cultivator, but it is the world’s leading producer of raw silk. The Indian government is paying more attention to public-private partnerships for the production of silkworm seeds. That is, the production of silkworm seeds is based on the specific requirements of the state, so the government will make silkworm seeds at the expense of the lowest costs.

275-280

Authors: Shvaiba D.

The high rate of formation of sectors of the economy with a low degree of financial and economic dependence or economically independent sectors of the economy in comparison with economically dependent segments is more indicative of the accumulation of the reserve of protection and the movement of the production system to the upper limit of socio–economic security. To clarify the essence of financial and economic dependence and dynamic assessments (“narrowing” and “expanding” security) in relation to the conditions of the “open” economy, it is proposed to perform an auxiliary division of the sectors of the economy on the principle of the directions of foreign economic work — export-oriented and import–dependent. The need for such refinement of dynamic estimates is caused by the growing processes of internationalization of the industrial sector to the level elements of socio-economic security of the industrial sector. At the same time, exogenous moments prevail over endogenous ones at the stage of industrial growth. However, at the stage of decline of the “catastrophic type”, as foreign experience has shown, the exogenous moment plays a significant role in increasing the value of socio-economic security of the industrial sector. However, the current practice shows the existence of sectors of the economy that are on their own production characteristics as export-oriented and import-dependent (i. e., “mixed type”). In this case, can be attributed to such segments, which, according to the above typology belong to the group of resource–intensive, capital–intensive, knowledge-intensive or innovative. The impact of the dynamic sectors of the economy of the mixed type at the level of properties of socio-economic security of the industrial sector is guided by the significance of their contribution to the creation and development of the wealth of the state and a role in the formation of the production potential of the formation of the society.

289-294

Authors: Cherkashnev R., Fedorova A., Chernyshova O.

In the article, the authors consider the possibility of commercial banks of the Russian Federation of the transition to the regulation of banking activities “Basel III”. Given the existing legislation in the field of banking regulation. We study the capital adequacy ratio in the context of its auxiliary indicators — the standard of capital adequacy and the standard of capital adequacy. The possibility of introducing the calculation of indicators of the financial leverage ratio (leverage) and the net stable funding ratio is investigated. Compliance with the standards studied is illustrated by the example of Sberbank. The introduction of the “Net stable funding ratio” (NSFR) is being discussed, which in Russian banking practice is referred to as the net stable funding (NSFR) ratio.

301-312

Authors: RadyukovaYa., Sutyagin V., Kolesnichenko E.

The article is devoted to the search for tools for the development of small business in modern economic conditions since the low level of development of small business is due to high tax burden; limited financial resources; the difficulty of obtaining a loan; the imperfection of state support for small business forms; administrative barriers. One of the most effective tools for the development of small business in the article is justified lending. In the article, when considering the issues of lending to small businesses, the authors analyzed the line of credit products of Russian banks by major loan products: investment lending, negotiable lending, commercial mortgage for a small segment, as well as refinancing loans. It was revealed that for commercial banks, financing small businesses leads to a diversification of the banking clientele, expansion of the operations provided, attracting more customers to the bank and increasing profits. The analysis showed that in recent years there has been an increase in overdue loans for lending to small businesses, which entails an increase in the number of refusals to lend to small businesses. After analyzing the main reasons, the main problems of lending by the borrowers themselves are identified: high-interest rates on loans, complexity and duration of credit analysis, lack of collateral, the liquid property, as well as the unwillingness of the borrower to provide relevant information about the activity. Having studied the main problems and shortcomings of the small business lending system in Russia, the authors suggested the following ways to improve lending as a tool for developing small business: to restore the transparency of organizations, to tighten control over doing business, to conduct seminars and workshops on doing business, start-up, affecting the issues of reporting to the bank and other issues of concern to entrepreneurs, promotion and improvement of the system of scoring and monitoring loan applications, adjustment It is for the client monitoring system after disbursement.

323-328

Authors: Sinenko V., Petrova V.

One of the main characteristics in the evaluation of real estate is the location of such properties at a certain distance relative to each other. Land plots that are located in one economic region have a different bid price, which, in addition to its location, is also influenced by many other factors. The number of offers depends on consumer activity and demand in the real estate market. In this article, the authors analyze the market for land plots for industrial construction in the Far Eastern economic region for the 1st quarter of 2018.

337-342

Authors: Popov A.

This article describes the current procedure for accounting for three types of state aid: subventions, subsidies and budget loans, as well as the promising directions of development of this object of accounting. The aim of the work was to illustrate the method of reflection in the accounting of the facts of economic life associated with the receipt of state aid for business entities applying the chart of accounts of commercial organizations. The study was conducted using General scientific methods: analysis of legal norms, analogy, comparison, extrapolation, etc. Considered in this paper principles for an accounting of funds to Finance current and capital expenditure and their depreciation in full conformity with the applicable accounting legislation and will generate accurate reports to business entities. The paper reveals the conceptual apparatus, the emphasis is on the options of accounting for budgetary funds: the method of accrual and the method of actual receipt of resources. The technique of accounting of means of target financing, the income of future periods and their write-off on the current income are considered. Possible cases of reflection in the accounting of need of return of earlier received budgetary funds are opened. The analogy of accounting for budget loans with the norms of the current PBU 15/2008. The disclosed directions of improving the accounting of state aid, consisting in the option of reflecting budgetary funds in the balance sheet (either in the balance sheet liability as part of long-term liabilities or in the balance sheet asset by reducing the carrying value of the relevant articles), will be necessary for organizations in the development of an effective version of the accounting policy for 2020 when making changes to PBU 13/2000.

350-354

Authors: Manushina, A., & Sumbol, T.

The article deals with the problem of sanctions of foreign states against the Russian Federation, as well as Russia’s measures to counter these sanctions.

360-363

Authors: Barsh T., Agentova G.

The process of employment generation is of a spontaneous territorial nature and needs an incentive mechanism. The article provides a statistical analysis of the structure of employment depending on the level of education over the past 7 years. The gradual reduction of employment growth, especially of the population with higher education, is revealed. The rate of employment growth of the population with higher education decreased from 13.6% to 1.6%, with a technical average from 8.4% to 0.32%, without education from 50% to 12.2%. Thus, it is shown that the country does not create enough new jobs, which can lead to an increase in social tension.

369-381

Authors: RadyukovaYa, Sutyagin V., Khudoborodov S.

In the article, the authors investigated the features of the Russian pension system in the conditions of digitalization of the country’s economy. The current state of the Russian pension system and its development prospects based on an analysis of the dynamics of the level of pension coverage of the population from 1991 to 2017 are considered as the analytical basis for the study. The authors analyzed the historical, legal and economic basis of the modern pension system, which made it possible to comprehensively evaluate potential reforms. In economic terms, the pension is considered as a complex socio–economic phenomenon. The current regulatory framework of pensions in Russia meets the requirements of the time. In the historical aspect, the system of state pensions was not the same, it has undergone significant changes. The authors analyzed the foreign specifics of the development of the pension system, and also suggested the directions of its development based on foreign experience. The paper also presents the potential for transformation of the pension system in Russia, taking into account the impact of scientific and technological progress and increasing financial literacy of the population.

387-391

Authors: Kalashnikova V.

The relevance of the topic is caused by the fact that in modern economic conditions there is a constant complication of economic relations due to the continuous change of the external environment, the development of scientific and technological progress (including means of communication, transmission and storage of information) and social relations. The article deals with the relationship between the framework and preliminary contracts, especially the use of the framework contract design in economic practice and its role in the legal regulation of commercial relations. The objective: to identify the features of the relationship between the framework and the preliminary contract.

396-400

Authors: Kudashkina E., Khudoikina T.

Currently, the most pressing issues are the interaction of civil society and the state, manifested in its various forms and using various means. One of the forms of such interaction is legislative initiative. This article examines and analyzes the concept and significance of legislative initiative as a form of interaction between civil society and the state, identifies problems of legal regulation and further development of such interaction, suggests solving the identified problems.

405-410

Authors: Lavrushkina A.

The article deals with the peculiarities of complicity in the Commission of a crime under article 171.2 CRIMINAL CODE. The features of a group of persons by prior agreement, as a form of complicity in the illegal organization and (or) gambling. The article analyses the peculiarities of liability of partners of a group of persons upon a preliminary collusion.

416-423

Authors: Lobova S.

The observed growth of research interest in the migration of young people requires the formation of an adequate theoretical and methodological basis for its study, without which it is impossible to understand the essence of the phenomenon, as well as the understanding of related and triggering factors. This paper defines the conceptual framework for the study of labour migration of young people. Their understanding is necessary for the construction of hypotheses, accumulation and formation of empirical data and the formulation of conclusions in the study of this phenomenon in the framework of the project no. 18-410-220015 Study of socio-environmental determination of migration and labour behaviour of young people of the Altai region, supported by the Russian Foundation for basic research. The author refers to the results of similar studies conducted in Russia and abroad, determining the place of labour migration in General, determining the age and qualification characteristics of youth migration.

433-440

Authors: Tischenkova N.

The article shows tendencies of development of the Internet during the last decades in a whole world generally and particularly in Russia. Against the background of the rapid development of the Internet social media as one of the main channel of modern communication also grow their popularity. Therefore, in this article, Internet users are considered by the author as participants of political communication in the described media space. While the role of visual information is increasing, political humour becoming one of the main ways of political communication at this stage of development of media communications, and political humour itself acquires specific forms and ways of expression.

448-466

Authors: Lebedeva-Nesevria N., Goleva O., Markova J.

The evaluation of health losses from working population is pointed out in this article as a necessary element in assessing the potential of economic modernization at the local level. It is shown that economic losses associated with morbidity with a temporal disability depend on the level of territory’s modernization, and can be used while prognosis the opportunities of outstripping socio-economic development of the cities. Cluster analysis using 18 statistical indicators of modernization in social, demographical and economic spheres was made on the example of 7 cities of Perm Krai; four types of territories with different levels of modernization were identified. Several indicators of morbidity with a temporal disability were analyzed for each type of territories (with the high or low level of modernization). The indicators were taken from the Federal Statistical Observation Form №16-VN (2015). It was recognized, that a number of indicators significant differ at the most and least modernized territories. It is shown that the structure of morbidity in the cities is similar, except the least modernized town (Kudymkar) which is characterized by high incidence rate in the class «Diseases of the nervous system» and the high proportion of sick women. The economic evaluation of health losses showed that the largest losses per worker are in the slightly modernized towns – Lysva and Kudymkar. The proposed approach is useful in assessing the resources and obstacles to the economic modernization at the cities and can be used to justify management decisions in a sphere of economic modernizing in Russia.

476-484

Authors: Serebriakova T., Tubanov D.

This article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the problem of divorce from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach to its understanding. Referring to the results of research of A. I. Antonov, A. G. Volkov, S. And Hunger, N.G. Legoyda, M. S. Matskovskogo, V. M. Medkova, N. M. Rimashevsky, V. A. Sysenko, L. V. Chuiko and other scientists traced the historiography of circulation of scientists to this issue. In particular, it is stated that the first attempts to study the phenomenon of "divorce" belong to ancient times. Generalizing the approaches of researchers to the definition of "divorce", we tend to understand under divorce the social phenomenon, which includes economic, legal, spiritual, moral, value, cultural and psychological aspects, which, in our opinion, makes the problem of divorce relevant for a whole range of Human Sciences. We also believe it is possible to conclude that currently scientists are increasingly talking about the Institute of divorce, making an attempt to consider this phenomenon from the standpoint of historical, philosophical, theological, legal, psychological, social, etc.knowledge. Turning to the problem of divorce, scientists are trying to study the factors contributing to the growth of their number. At the same time, the researchers name the economic, political, cultural and religious factors as the main factors. No less important, from our point of view, is the psychological factor by which we understand the integration of personal characteristics of the subject and the level of development of its affective sphere, which, in our opinion, objectively provide him with a choice of strategy of behaviour in a situation of divorce. Our conclusion is based on the ideas of K. Arons and other scientists, the result of which was the allocation of stages of divorce. Speaking of the third - post-divorce stage, which researchers define as the most difficult for the subject, they focus on the emotional experience of this state. The fundamental study of divorce from the point of view of the entire spectrum of Humanities and Natural Sciences, will allow, from our point of view, to see the whole range of problems associated with this social phenomenon, as well as to study its causes and consequences, both for the individual and for society as a whole. The purpose of his subsequent research activities in the field of the phenomenon of "divorce" we see the study of strategies of behaviour of subjects in the situation of divorce, as well as the development and experimental testing of psychological assistance programs that help the subject to choose the most effective strategy of behaviour in this social situation.

494-501

Authors: Ismailov A.

The system of internal evaluation and self-assessment, being the main part of ensuring the quality of education in higher education institutions, requires periodic monitoring and implementation of practical measures by the staff of the university. The proposed model of self-assessment within the framework of this study is significant with the fact that it was conducted in a higher educational institution. The fact that the elements and analysis were online and were posted on the website increases the practical importance of this scientific research. The proposed model for assessing education in a higher education institution is an auxiliary tool for the management of the university for analyzing and describing the general state of the institution and also serves to increase the participation of students, professors, teachers and representatives of production.

511-515

Authors: Nochvina B.

This article is devoted to the problem of effective functioning of curatorship Institute in higher education. The article attempts to assess the important component of the professional activity of a modern University teacher. Various types and methods of curatorial work with senior students are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of professional self-determination of students and the importance of the role of curatorial activities in this process.

522-527

Authors: Shamina A.

The article discusses the impact of the school on the education of students. In the process of learning, the child receives spiritual and value development acquires such qualities as hard work, dedication, perseverance. The study showed that the upbringing and education of children should take place in a conflict-free environment and environment. Based on this, we can say that conflicts are a very important pedagogical problem. Interpersonal conflict is a reflection of the contradictions between the participants in joint activities. Negotiations are the most effective way out of a conflict. They contribute to the search for agreement between the parties to the conflict, as well as the multiplication of common interests. Since conflict situations have a negative impact on the whole pedagogical process as a whole, it is necessary to know the methods of their resolution, as well as to take measures to prevent them in the future.

537-541

Authors: Khabibullina Z.

The article discusses the function and value of the communication process in the process of socialization of the individual. Special attention is paid to the important factor of conjugation of these two social concepts, which are key for the upbringing and education in our society. The relevance of the study of communication in the process of socialization of the individual in modern society is associated with the sociocultural transformations inherent in our era of the turn of the 20-21 centuries. The processes of socialization and communication are so closely intertwined that it is difficult to imagine them without each other. Through communication, socialization is carried out as an important characteristic of the formation of social consciousness, the development of sociocultural values and the world outlook of the individual. Deterministic socialization and communication in different eras give different semantic content both in time and in content, as the changing conditions of introducing all the new characteristics associated, for example, with virtual reality or mobility opportunities.

545-553

Authors: Ismayilova M.

The article tries to investigate the causes of the two main forms of interrelated, but at the same time interacting with each other: the history of the processes of integration and differentiation and evolution of modernity. To this end, it is believed that the processes of integration and differentiation in the context of world languages, including history and modern stages of the Turkic languages, will play a decisive role in the further development of these languages. As a result of globalization, integration will gain an advantage, or it will have consequences. We have tried to study these problems in light of the processes of language linguists at the same time as languages. It is clear that in a globalizing world, differentiation is enhanced along with the process of integration.

558-566

Authors: Protasova O.

The article analyzes the attitude of Russian neo-populist parties — socialists-revolutionaries and people’s socialists — to the problem of rights and freedoms of the individual, which they considered a full subject of social interactions and the basis for building a socialist society. It is shown how much the leaders of these parties devoted to the principles of democracy, humanism and good in their program and tactical settings, and how they combined the passion of public struggle and strict moral imperatives in their political practice. Main research methods: analysis, synthesis, biographical method, analogy, comparison.