International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering

1-8

Authors: SUSHANT SHARMA & GURPREET KUMAR

This paper proposed a compact wideband microstrip patch antenna for C & X band applications to enhanced the bandwidth. The proposed antenna is designed for satellite communication and radar applications in C band (4 - 8 GHz) & X band (8 - 12 GHz). Simulation results shows that the proposed antenna covers a wide bandwidth of 6.59 GHz covering almost the entire C & X band frequency range. There is considerable reduction in overall size, improvement in bandwidth and gain using the proposed patch antenna with DGS. Overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are 32 mm × 32 mm.

15-22

Authors: C. SOMASUNDAR REDDY & M. SARAVANAN

This paper gives an insight to labview software tools which helps in analysis of ECG signals. The raw ECG data are taken from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. In the first stage ECG signal is acquired which is then followed by filtering the raw ECG signal to remove unwanted noises. The next stage focuses on extracting the features from the acquired signal. Finally different types of abnormalities are detected on the basis of features obtained. Thus the developed system predicts the heart abnormalities of a person, even before him/her consulting a doctor (preliminary investigation). The technique is user-friendly, low cost and hence anyone skeptic of heart problem can analyse his/her ECG using this efficient method.

10

Authors: MANIMOZHI DEVARAJ

Video compression has become one of the basic technologies of the multimedia age. In many applications, such as the design of multimedia workstations and high quality transmission and storage, the goal is to achieve transparent coding of Image and video at the lowest possible data rates. In other words, bandwidth cost money, therefore, the transmission and storage of information becomes costly. However, if we can use less data, both transmission and storage become cheaper. In this paper two techniques are used together to achieve high compression rate. In video frames, seam curving technique is used as Intra frame coding and DWT is used as Inter frame coding. Both Inter-Intra frame coding are used to achieve desired result.

17-28

Authors: YEONG-SANG PARK & YOUNGSAM LEE

In this paper, we present an improved path planning method and obstacle avoidance algorithm for a 2-wheel mobile robot. Firstly, we briefly introduce the rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) and the single polar polynomial (SPP) algorithm. Secondly, we present additional 2 methods for applying our proposed method. Thirdly, we propose a global path planning, smoothing and obstacle avoidance method that combine RRT and SPP algorithm. Finally, we present simulation using proposed method and check the feasibility. This shows that proposed method is better than existing methods in terms of the optimality of the trajectory and the satisfaction of the kinematic constraints.

41-50

Authors: PRATEEK AGRAWAL, S. R. P. SINHA & SUBODH WAIRYA

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is a computing approach, in which binary information is represented as the charge configuration among the quantum dots. In nanoscale integrated circuit energy consumption and area utilization are a major concern, hence in recent years QCA has attracted a lot of attention as a result of its extremely small feature size and low power consumption. This technology is best suited for the semiconductor fabrication because of its less time consuming and less expensive methods. As per Moore’s law, number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles for every two years, fabrication process faces some technical barriers. In context of this, QCA has emerged as the most promising technology, as an alternative to CMOS technology. In this paper efforts have been made to show the work carried out on QCA and focused on the science and technology applications of QCA due to its many interesting and important applications such as parity generator and checker.

8

Authors: JACK JIA-SHENG HUANG & YU-HENG JAN

The world is becoming more interconnected and inter-dependent. The technologies of two main semiconductor devices (IC and optoelectronics) are also interacting with each other with more integration and interplay. In this paper, we review the evolution of the two semiconductor technologies based on the analogy of the other two main classical music instruments (violin and piano). We discuss the similarity and resemblance of the two seemingly different fields (semiconductor vs. classical music) and use them as guidance for future roadmap of semiconductor development and integration.

10

Authors: MANIDIPA NATH

In this paper theoretical design and optimization of VSWR BW of a waveguide based Inter-digital filter using PSO-ANN algorithm is highlighted. The objective of this paper is to focus on use of the trained ANN model coupled with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to synthesize and optimize an waveguide based inter-digital filter using resonating bars alternatively short circuited. Design, synthesis and optimization process is compared with the results obtained from EM simulation which is also compared from the same obtained experimentally. The design of a waveguide based Inter-digital filter using rectangular bars as its resonator elements is done using traditional synthesis process. Capacitance values of the resonators are evaluated using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model of the same with the geometry parameters of resonators as its inputs. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to optimize the dimensional parameters of the resonators in order to obtain inter-resonator coupling coefficient values that can be used for the design of the broadband filter. The aim of the present research work is to design and optimize waveguide based inter-digital filter having rectangular bars as resonators for broadband VSWR BW. Electro-Magnetic simulations are performed using the theoretical design of the waveguide Inter-digital filter structure and compared for accuracy of the design and optimization process adopted here. The simulation results are in good agreement with those obtained using the ANN/PSO algorithm. The optimized design of the filter is developed by practical implementation in hardware and further characterized. Simulation and measurement results are compared to validate the design approach.

16

Authors: GOUTAM BHATTA

Human fingerprints are rich in details which are known as minutiae, which can be used as identification marks for fingerprint verification. Our term project is to study on fingerprint recognition system based on minutia based matching which is quiet frequently used in various fingerprint algorithms and techniques. The approach of this project involves how the minutia points are extracted from the fingerprint images and after that between two fingerprints we are performing the fingerprint matching. Image enhancement, image segmentation, minutia extraction and minutia matching these stages are the main themes of our project. This project is coded in MATLAB.

10

Authors: H.V. RAVISH ARADHYA, MADAN H R, MEGARAJ T M, SURAJ M S, KARTHIK R K, MUNIRAJ R

The advancement in IC technology rendering area optimized and fast ICs is primarily attributed to MOSFET scaling theory. The scaling theory sustained the Moore’s law till the channel size reached the nano-meter regime. The issues in MOSFET due to scaling aggregated and resulted in leakage currents and high power dissipation making the transistor unreliable. The research has been done to find a potential replacement for traditional CMOS and to sustain Moore’s law. Many alternatives like CNTFET and FINFET based designs were found, but Graphene Nano Ribbon (GNRFET) based design was found to be more viable option in terms of area and power dissipation. Thus analysis of the circuits built using GNRFET is necessary to demonstrate its merits. The paper describes the design of GNRFET based 8-bit ALU and its comparison with conventional CMOS design with respect to power consumption, showing 0.1589W for GNRFET based design and 15.57W for CMOS design. For the design, 10nm process technology was used for GNRFET and conventional CMOS designs.

12

Authors: M G MINI & ARYA DEVI P S

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images generally have a low resolution and are blurred in nature. This necessitates the need for image enhancement in PET. Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) helps in reducing noise thereby improving the quality of the images. The detail modulus of SWT decomposed image is deployed in high boost filtering for the proposed enhancement technique. This technique can be used as a pre-processing step before segmentation of the images. The proposed technique shows a PSNR around 39 dB which itself is an indicator to the enhancement achieved. The visual inspection also shows the improvement in quality of the images.

14

Authors: PRABHPREET KAUR BHATIA & ANURAG SHARMA

Epilepsy is a perilous neurological disease covering about 4-5% of total population of the world. Its main characteristics are seizures which occur due to certain disturbance in brain function. During epileptic seizures the patient is unaware of their physical as well as mental condition and hence physical injury may occur. Proper health care must be provided to the patients and this can be achieved only if the seizures are detected correctly in time. In this paper, a system is designed using wavelet decomposition method and different training algorithms to train the neural network for classification of the EEG signals. The results showed that when Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm was used the accuracy comes out to be 93.9%, which is better than other training algorithms.

18

Authors: P. SATHYARAJ, S. RUKMANI DEVI & D. KALPANA

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) similar to the terrestrial sensor networks have different challenges such as limited bandwidth, low battery power, defective underwater Channels and high variable propagation delay. A crucial problem in UWSN is finding an efficient route between a source and a sink. Consequently, great efforts have been made for Designing efficient protocols while considering the unique characteristics of underwater Communication. Several routing protocols are proposed for this issue and can be classified into geographic and non-geographic routing protocols. In this paper we focus on the cluster Head routing protocols to find the minimum distance. We introduce a review and comparison of different algorithms proposed recently in the literature. We are also presented a novel Taxonomy of these routing in which the protocols are classified into two categories (intra Cluster and inter cluster) according to their forwarding strategies.

1-8

Authors: NANDINI SAHA, ABHIGYAN GANGULY, SARADINDU PANDA & B. MAJI

For the purpose of designing and selection the optimal device for a particular application, device and circuit engineers has to analyze the between competing devices. This article presents a comparative study of current voltage characteristics for PIN diodes. Three different sets of doping concentrations are studied for each of the five different material PiN diodes. The PiN diode is simulated using V-TCAD software. For the same diode structure effects of different doping on different materials are studied and VI characteristics are plotted based on simulated results. The change in doping concentration resulted in almost negligible change in threshold voltage. Whereas large increase in current is obtained for increase in doping concentrations.

9-16

Authors: ARPAN DUTTA

Fiber lasers are highly regarded in present laser technological fields due to their high efficiency, beam quality and easy thermal management. Although, performance of fiber laser system is challenged by different nonlinear effects at high power. In case of ultra-short high power pulse fiber laser, nonlinearity plays significant role in pulse propagation through optical fiber as a result of presence of the high peak power of short pulses. Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system can be incorporated in the design of such fiber laser as a way of increasing the pulse energy while mitigating the nonlinear effects. CPA system stretches the chirped pulses coming from fiber laser to reduce its peak power and then linearly amplified it. Amplified pulse experienced a pulse compressor made by bulk diffraction grating employed for recompression of the pulse. This bulk diffraction grating arrangement can be supplanted by specially design fiber arrangements to design all fiber CPA system using the nature of chirped pulse propagation in negative dispersion (anomalous) regime. In this paper, ultra-short chirped pulse propagation and compression in anomalous regime under the influence of Kerr nonlinearity, initial chirp and dispersion is studied using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for optical fibers for all fiber CPA system.