Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

11-18

Authors: Ali Muhittin ALBORA

As is known one of the most important aspects of the Gravite Prospection is the good analysis of the Bouguer Anomaly Map. The average depth of the geological structure was found by applying the power spectrum method to the Bouguer anomaly map obtained in the Turkey Sivas region-Şarkışla location. The geological structure of that region was modeled by inverse solution method with the help of average depth found. Geological model has been tried to be determined by inversion method of the places forming the anomaly in the region. This method is thought to be a pioneering work in predicting the location of the geological shuttles of petroleum natural gas formations.

28-34

Authors: Yasser A. Abdelaziz, H. M. Hashem, M. M. Abdel-Aal, F.M. Megahed, M. Hammam

Thermocouples of various kinds are the most widely temperature sensor used in the Egyptian industries for many heating processes, particularly those carried out at high temperatures. Therefore, National Institute for Standards (NIS-Egypt) has been interested in developing the calibration capabilities of high temperature thermocouples. A complete set of ITS-90 fixed points and metal-carbon eutectic fixed points are used for improved calibrations of thermocouples and first results of their application at NIS-Egypt are presented.

38-40

Authors: M. N. O. Sadiku, S. R. Nelatury, S.M. Musa

Digital poverty is being equated to people living in the so-called Third World or developing nations. It affects unemployment rates and increases inequalities in developing nations. It is a global issue, which must be addressed because the longer we wait, the longer developing nations fall further behind. This paper provides a brief introduction on digital poverty.

46-49

Authors: M. N. O. Sadiku, S. R. Nelatury, S.M. Musa

As portable mobile devices become pervasive, charging their batteries has become a critical problem. The wireless power transfer (WPT) is emerging as a promising technology for wirelessly charging electronic devices. WPT has been an exciting emerging technology in consumer electronics, replacing wired chargers and eliminating the need of power cords and chargers. WPT is capable of completely disrupting the way that mobile devices, cars, and aerial vehicles, operate and obtain energy. This paper provides a brief introduction to WPT.

63-69

Authors: A.P. Olalusi, S.O. Abolarinwa, A.J. Adesigbin, M.A. Adedeji

The objective of this study is to develop a reactor for the production of biodiesel from palm-kernel oils (PKO). The base-catalysed transesterification reaction process is selected in the design of production process. In the transesterification reaction process, the PKO along with methanol and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst combine and reacted together to form the main product, biodiesel and by-product glycerol. The reactor consists of a cylindrical tank made of stainless steel. It has a water bath whereby the oil is heated with the use of a heating element. It also has a thermostat for the regulation of temperature. The reactor is then insulated with fibre glass preventing heat loss. The reactor is also equipped with stirrer for the agitation process and an electric motor which served as the prime mover. The reactor was fabricated and tested. The effects of temperature, time and methanol to oil ratio on the yield and quality of the biodiesel were determined. The average yield at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 oC were observed to be approximately 77.88, 80, 83.95, and 66.95% respectively. The average yield at methanol-oil ratios of 6:1, 9:1, 12:1 and 18:1 were observed to be approximately 83.95, 76.33, 73.12, and 72% respectively. The average yield at reaction time of 15 min, 30 min, 45 min and 60 min were observed to be approximately 82.59, 83.78, 83.94, and 83.95% respectively. The change in temperature, time and methanol-oil ratio has a significant difference on the yield at (P ≤ 5%). The highest yield of biodiesel obtained was 83.95%. The optimum conditions are reaction temperature of 60oC, reaction time of 60 min and methanol-oil ratio of 6:1. The lowest biodiesel yield obtained was 65.32%. At room temperature, the specific gravity values obtained vary from 0.915 to 0.926 while the viscosity varies from 2.17mm2/s to 3.32mm2/s. The pour point values vary from 8ºC to 10ºC while the cloud point varies from 10ºC to 12ºC. The flash point varies from 64oC to 102oC. The biodiesel produced was tested for its quality and it was observed that their qualities measured up to ASTM standard specifications for biodiesel fuel.

79-86

Authors: Lozada-Castro JJ, Delacruz-Romo CA, Cueltan-Solarte JD

An electrochemical system was developed to produce hydrogen from organic compounds present in the products of human excretion. The electrochemical reactions were separated into two compartments: the oxidation of organic matter in an anodic half-cell and the production of hydrogen by the reduction of hydronium ions present in the chemical equilibrium of the water in a cathodic half-cell. A membrane system separates the half-cells and a system of electric bridges compensates the current flow generating two perpendicular to each other electric fields and establishing experimental load/mass balance, generating a selective ion flow cell (SIFC) which produces hydrogen with values higher than 90% purity, also, it is energy efficient because it produces 79% of the electrical energy applied to the system. In this work was used as reference molecule urea, which is the most abundant organic compound in the urine.

92-96

Authors: Fulya TAN

Renewable energy has gained great importance with increasing population. Animal husbandry is becoming increasingly important in the Thrace region. For this reason, there is a potential for biogas energy from renewable energies. The main purpose of this study is to calculate the biogas potential that can be obtained from animal wastes. The energy potential to be obtained from cattle, sheep and poultry wastes in the Tekirdağ city has been determined. According to research, It is possible to obtain 33 million m3 biogas production per year from animal waste in Tekirdağ and 155 million kWh of electricity energy or 124 million kWh heat energy can be obtained from this amount of biogas.

102-105

Authors: Hasan Keleş

In this study we follow a new framework for the theory that offers us, other than traditional, a new angle to observe and investigate some relations between finite sets, F-lattice L and their elements. The theory is based on the Fuzzy Linear Spaces (FLS) . In this case, to operate on these spaces the necessary preliminaries, concepts and operations in lattices relative to FLS are introduced. Some definitions, such that k-fuzzy point, k-fuzzy line are given. Then we correspond these definitions to the definitions in usually linear spaces. We investigate some combinatorics properties of FLS. In some examples in the case where •. We see some differences. In general, taking an ordered lattice we observe how some combinatorics formulas and properties are changed. In FLS the dimension concept is a set. We produce some general formulas by using some trivial examples. Furthermore, we generalize de Bruijn-Erdös Theorem in [2].

113-122

Authors: Selcuk Albut, M. Cuneyt Bagdatli, Omer Dumanli

This study Ergene River on the right and left 10 kilometers of the former in terms of monitoring of the year the situation changes in some of the remaining agricultural lands in the 2003, 2008 and 2012 satellite images. In order to determine the temporal changes in land use, primarily the ASTER satellite images in 2003 and 2008 unsupervised and the 2012 dated satellite images taken supervised classification techniques are applied. Geodetic measurements in order to determine the land use change were made in 2012. Different crops and locations for land use control points in May 2012. DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) was performed with the device. The results in making the land cover classification for each year are disclosed in the course of change. Classification way through the layers 9, grain fields, shrubs, sunflower + canola fields, vineyards + orchard areas, water surfaces, artificial surfaces, were made under the classification of layers such as rice and pasture. Supervised classification and unsupervised classification techniques are used. Research in the area of 279 409 ha is subject to a classification analysis was divided into 9 classes studied area. The highest area of the spatial distribution of the classification results in 2003 99791.6 ha and 99789.2 ha get it why pastures creating 'take it like it was observed that followed the grain field. Canola and sunflower farming areas do conclude that create 13.17% of the total area of the zone. When we look at the year in 2008, still a large proportion of the total area while the slice grain pastures percentage 34.76%, while canola and sunflower seem to be a percentile 13.75%. In 2012, while having a field of grain fields 91300.2 ha and 40895.4 ha were identified where the area of agriculture canola and sunflower. When the construction field in 2003 in an area of 1615.6 ha construction, while this ratio in 2012 reached an area of 1979.2 hectares, an increase of 0.06% in 2008 compared to 2003. The amount of this field is 0.39% hood has seen an increase of 2719.4 ha area reaching health. Share in the total surveyed area of tree and shrub areas, this rate is 9.06%, while in 2012 and 9.47% in 2008, reached a share 9.87%.

133-146

Authors: Collins C. Chiemeke

Structural failure of office complex floor has recently occurred in isolated places at different time within the offices of Federal University Otuoke. Speculation off the possible causes has been attributed to poor construction work, while others have associated it to the underlying geology; a few attributed the cause to the recent earth tremors that were noticed in different part of the country. It has caused both panic and psychological fear within the University community each time it occurred. Hence the aim of this research work is to investigate the possible cause of the structural failure and proffer a lasting solution, using geophysical method. In a bid to achieve this, resistivity tomography and seismic refraction tomography were used to carry out this investigation. The results of the resistivity and seismic refraction tomography survey, couple with the geologic log for both profile revealed that, apart from the superficial surface sand filling, that the area under investigation is predominantly clay, down to a depth of 9 m. However, this is underlain by a layer of saturated sand at a depth of 10 m. Profile 2 positioned beside the office complex where structural failure occurred, show regions of low resistivity and velocity encompassed by region of high resistivity and velocity. It was discovered that the structural failures were engender by uneven contraction of the different types of clay, which triggered a compressional force effect, that lead to the fracturing and compression of the floor tiles. It was recommended that before putting up any structure in similar geologic environment, that adequate geophysical survey has to be carried out to ascertain the existing lithology and establish the subsurface geometry. Secondly the area should be excavated to a depth of 1 m and before unvaryingly filled with sand material. It was also advised that when replacing the broken tiles with new tiles, a gap of 1.5 cm should be left in between tiles, filled with compressible material to give room for expansion and prevent future reoccurrence.

164-171

Authors: Ababacar Sadikh Diaw, Harouna Mamadou Bal, Mamadou Wade, Salif Gaye

In order to reduce the energy consumption of the habitat which occupies a large part, several materials are used as thermal insulation. This is the case of typha australis, a rhizomatous and perennial herb which inhabits aquatic environments. Thus, in order to meet social demand (bioclimatic habitat ...) and ensure a hygiene of life (water-borne diseases ...), studies have been carried out on the valorization of this herb in the habitat. These studies concern both the mechanical strength of typha-based materials and their thermal transfer properties. This study will make it possible to pronounce on the thermomechanical behavior of typha-based concrete while opening a prospect of valorization of the plant fibers in the habitat.

179-183

Authors: Ahmad Mehraban, Mohammad Miri, Saeed Erfani

The severity of drought is unpredictable as it depends on many factors such as occurrence and distribution of rainfall, evaporative demands and moisture storing capacity of soils. Investigations carried out in the past provide considerable insights into the mechanism of drought tolerance in plants at molecular level. The mechanism by which Rubisco may be down regulated in the light due to tight binding inhibitors could be pivotal for tolerance and recovery from stress and may be central to integrating the midday depression of photosynthesis. Additionally, enhanced rates of oxygenase activity and photorespiration maintain the ET rate in response to drought and are quantitatively much more important than the Mehler reaction. Stomatal activity, which is affected by environmental stresses, can influence CO2 absorption and thus impact photosynthesis and plant growth. In response to a water deficit stress, ion- and water-transport systems across membranes function to control turgor pressure changes in guard cells and stimulate stomatal closure.

197-212

Authors: Seif T. Abdelghany, Hamdy A. Kandil

A CFD study of the vortex tube is presented in this article using a three-dimensional (3D) model of the tube using ANSYS Fluent®. The 3D analysis of the flow is carried out to have a better visualization of the flow through the tube and to investigate its features. The results showed the existence of two vortices moving in opposite axial directions with the same direction of rotation, and also the existence of a stagnation point after which there is no power separation in the tube. The current study introduces a new theory of the vortex tube operation where the energy (power) separation inside the tube is in analogy with that in the gas refrigeration cycle (the reversed Brayton cycle). The inner vortex acting as a turbine, rotates the outer vortex that acts as a compressor and increases its power by transferring some of its angular momentum.

222-224

Authors: Nurillaev Muzaffar Eshnazarovich

Let be an injective real W*-algebra and be a real W*-algebra with separable predual. It is proven that if is a maximal injective real W*-subalgebra of , then is a maximal injective real W*-subalgebra of . This partly answers a question of Popa for real W*-algebras.

236-240

Authors: Zhiwei Liu

Let be a given prime number and be a given odd integer. Using to denote the number of the integral points with on the elliptic curve . By using the properties of Diophantine equation, the author proved that ,beside and , where is nonnegative integer.