Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

4-9

Authors: Kh. Sobol', N. Petrovska, M. Koval'chuk, V. Terlyha

Natural zeolites are effective materials with an unique crystalline structure and ionexchange properties. They are successfully used in many industries of industry, agriculture, and also defence of environment. Specificity of properties of zeolite tuffs is predefined a structure three–dimensional alyumosilikatnogo framework them crystalline grate and by a presence in the crystals of the developed system of microcavities and ductings. Over 1000 deposits of natural zeolites are presently developed volcanically osadovogo origin. One of most in Europe there is Sokirnicke deposit of zeolites in the Zakarpattya area. Natural zeolites in the Zakarpattya area are characterized uniquesorption, ionexchange and by catalytic properties. By comparison to analogues, they differ an enhanceable heat–resistance and acidoresistance and enhanceable volume of sorption space. The conducted researches rotined efficiency of the use of natural zeolites in quality of mineral additions in plugging materials. Them high porosity is used at cementation of oil and gas mining holes with anomalous plastovim LP. High activity of SiO2 Al2O3 enables to characterize them as additional cementitious materials. A research purpose is consideration of possibilities of application of zeolite tuffs at the production of modern build materials Physical and chemical researches conducted from the use of rentgenofazovogo and differentially thermal methods of analysis. A basic zeolite mineral in the zeolite breeds of Zakarpattya is klinoptilolit, crystallization of which takes place on–the–spot volcanic glass. A clay breed is presented a hydromica and montmorilonitom, except for it they contain a quartz, feldspars, carbonates, et cetera. The conducted researches rotined expedience of application of zeolite tuffs of Sokirnickogo of deposit as to the component of modern build materials. Physical and chemical researches led to being in chemical composition of connections which actively co–operate with portlandcementnimi minerals during hardening of cement. Laboratory researches confirm efficiency of the use of zeolite as a component in the facilitated tamponazhnikh materials.

15-23

Authors: V. Sakharov

Problem definition.Under dynamic load, both rate of change and duration of the load can affect the process of soil deformation. Analysis of dynamic soil parameters can be carried out under uniaxial compression conditions while subjected to the high velocity load at which time soil manifests both viscous and elastic properties. Carrying out such tests in the laboratory environment requires development of the specialized equipment and methods for determining the dynamic parameters of the soil under a wide range of loads. Purpose.Design and development of the methodology to analyze dynamic soil parameters in the laboratory conditions; construction of the equipment to record changes in the stress–strain state of soil samples under high velocity load with automatic data transfer to a computer system for further analysis. Analysis of recent research. Numerous authors studied the viscoelastic soil properties in order to analyze the effect of dynamic loads (in particular, seismic loads) on the soil base. Fundamental studies of sandy and clay soils at different strain rates are found in the works by D. D. Barkan, M. D. Krasnikov, P. L. Іvanov and others. Highly specialized mechanical devices have been designed in order to determine dynamic soil parameters. However, those devices utilized overly complex data recording systems, relying on costly manual data processing and requiring special operator skills. Results.The paper describes underlying principles of the designed electronic device and high–precision sensors for automated data collection and logging of the dynamic viscosity and elasticity soil parameters, based on the standard compression device “KPr–1”. It also shows that the study of soils at various load velocities enables the determination of the dynamic system parameters for a wide range of loads. The results of experiments conducted on sandy soil are presented as an example. Conclusion. Analysis of the dynamic soil parameters under compression was conducted using the designed data acquisition system, allowing the measurement of shifts and deformations in the soil to be performed with high precision and frequency. The experiments confirmed, that under high velocity load, soil behavior does not follow the Voigt model, but can be accurately described using the Kelvin model.

23-31

Authors: V. Zhuk, M. Kornienko

Problem definition. Under worked areas is the most common type of difficult conditions of construction in Ukraine. Construction on under worked areas is allowed if special structural measure sare applied to ensure the normal exploitation of buildings. Ignoring constructive protect ive measures cause damages that are estimated in the millions. Purpose. The problem of influence of artificial cavities on the stress–strain state of building and its soil base is considered in this work. The purpose of the researching was the qualitative and quantitative estimation of the influence on the strain–stress state of the frame structures from the artificial cavities in the soil base, including the case of their possible destruction Analysis of recent research. For last years, with the development of multistoried construction, the scientist sand designers of Odessa began to study seriously the building properties of limestone sand their bearing ability. Prediction of deformations and the tilts of the building’s foundations is possible at the stage of their design by numerical simulation. The problem of base–foundation–structure model development, which takes into account the influence of negative and positive factors on the stress–strain state of the system elements, remains actual. Results. The numerical modeling results confirm the fact that the stress–strain state of the soil base and the frame of the building significantly react to the impact of each element of the system: it sown stiffness of the building, the components and the foundation stiffness, the characteristics of the soil base, the presence of the underground natural or artificial cavities, etc. Conclusion. This approach makes it possible to appreciate the character of the building in teracti on with the having cavities soilbase: to assess the impact of the building load on the underground structures; to assess the impact from cavities on the stress–strain state of the load–bearing elements of structure. Analysis of numerical simulation results showed that projected deformation of ceiling arch of cavities on the static loads does not exceed 6 mm, which in the conditions of uniform soil settlements is not critical. According to the results of the research by using the numerical simulation we can state that the existing catacombs near the pit of the apartment complex are at satisfactory condition and almost will not impact on its pile foundations work.

37-48

Authors: E. V. Samoilenko

Study of the functioning of riverside ecosystem considered in a number of scientific papers, which define a number of approaches in their organization. Reconstruction and rehabilitation of riverside areas provides various opportunities and makes them very attractive to architects and urban planners in solving social and environmental problems. The main purpose of the article is to identify the main techniques in riverside areas. The main objective of this article is to prove scientifically the place, role and importance of riverside areas in the structure of the city. The article is given a comprehensive analysis of research in riverside areas and techniques necessary to determine the priority reforms in the context of international experience designing riverine areas. Research of riverside areas in the city dedicated to the scientific work of some scholars related to urban development areas of expertise. The river network of the city was considered in terms of architectural and planning, environmental, hydrological, historical, technical, economic and legal issues. Waterfront is, by definition, the land alongside a body of water, or the dockland district of a town or a city. However, the waterfront should not be simply considered as a line, but should be more correctly envisaged as a network of places, functions, additions and hinges between the coast and the city, between the port and urban activities. The waterfront has to be imagined as a concentration of functions that can be productive, cultural, relational, recreational, residential and public. It is not a closed and protective area, but an osmotic interface, with a permeable perimeter. A waterfront cannot be considered as a local hub, but more correctly as a crossroad of infrastructure strips on river and land that run across, that nourish it: the core of an increasingly planetary network of relational energies. Finally, a waterfront should not to be seen just story and not just future, but is a fertile synthesis of history and perspectives: it is a place in which informed historic knowledge nurtures visions for the future, and which the ambition of strategies produces an effective interpretation of the past. So today there are a number of scientific papers and recommendations devoted to improving the ecological condition of natural and urban systems, but they do not provide a holistic solution and specialize in specific conditions and terrain. When analyzing scientific publications, we see that the theory and practice relies mainly on landscape, economic and hygienic approach uses mostly multifunctional approach in assessing the environment, but urban landscape approach is not disclosed in scientific papers. Consequently, the relationships of the cities with their waterfronts has become, nowadays, a central topic and a paradigmatic element of the urban planning policy. Thanks to the developing of global trends, which are creating attractive urban waterfront environments for the 21st century, we could see the process of changing the face of port cities, and of other cities on water, in many countries around the world.

52-56

Authors: E. Barannyk, A. Hovoradlo, M. Ul'yanova

The article deals with the concept of «bilingualism». The article aims to answer complex questions: find out the degree of ownership modern youth knowledge about bilingualism; determine what percentage of young people consider themselves bilingual; determine the percentage of young people are actually bilinguals. A bilingualism is the specific state of public life, at that observed and is confessed fact of functioning and coexistence of two languages within the limits of one state. Ethnic heterogeneity of society comes forward as a source of bilingualism. A bilingualism got large distribution. The phenomenon of bilingualism is inherent to the multinational countries. Ukraine is not an exception. In science distinguish an official bilingualism and bilingualism unofficial. An official bilingualism represents a situation, when at once two languages are confessed by the state. The unofficial bilingualism of it a situation, when officially confessed at legislative level is only one of two languages, that is mostly used by the population of this state. Taking into account curiosity of question about existence of bilingualism in Ukraine, by us the sociological questioning of students of different faculties of the state academy of building and architecture was conducted. The study made it possible to understand that the Dnipropetrovsk region characteristic is widely used in everyday Russian. However, this does not exclude the knowledge and skills free use of Ukrainian. Strategically is important is the need to direct the development and popularization of Ukrainian youth through its implementation in vital areas of activity.

60-64

Authors: N. Hr. Omelyan-Skyrta, S. Skirta

Statement of the problem. Political will as extralinguistic factor, which is embodied in language policy could destroy linguistic unity when it becomes an obstacle to national self–determination is contrary to the interests of the new communities and their ruling elites. The current language situation in Ukraine is the result of a long war against the national identity and nationhood. It happened on the territory of Yugoslavia, where former Serbo–Croatian linguistic unity evolved towards disintegration, ie the formation of two separate languages. If there is no clear policy choices, the language itself as a communication tool and a form of culture can be a factor of national unity. The aim of the paper is identify ways to overcome the language problem, given the linguistic and conceptual world view. Conclusions. Currently, modern society is multi–ethnic and is creating multilingual requires dialogue. If the majority guarantees the rights and freedoms of minorities, including the right to meet their linguistic and cultural interests and the minority in turn respect the right of the majority to conduct their own cultural and linguistic policy, then there is harmony in the society. If tolerance to the needs of each level of government may build a civil society.

4-8

Authors: M. V. Savytskyi, K. Pogrebnyak, A. M. Sopilnyak

Problem formulation. Last years new buildings are increasingly remarkable for new architectural forms. It’s because there is a need for new and interesting projects. People want to be whole their life in houses with improved conditions, with greater size and non–standard space–planning decisions. Scientific and technological advances can solve these issues. Every year the value of land in the city is only growing, so it will be expedient to build a multi–storey building. In the design of such buildings it should be taken into consideration the type of structural system to ensure the safety, reliability, and quantitative indicator of living space. For multi–storey residential buildings mainly primarily skeleton system, in which vertical aperture, braced elements or kernel hardness perceive the horizontal load, are used. Framing consisting of columns and beams with floor slabs and covering perceives vertical load. Frame systems have many advantages such as: the ability to reduce the burden by building envelopes, variety of architectural forms, increasing the area of the premises etc. The framework can consist of such collecting as monolithic elements. In the design of such buildings it pays special attention to the type of floor, because it mainly determines the economic efficiency of the building. It should be noted that overlap, which is used for attaching architectural expression to the house are monolithic. Due to this type of construction ceiling can be erected any form. It’s necessary to analyze of several possible variants of monolithic ceilings to choose more economical. Such necessity is caused by requirement of large capital investments. Analysis of publications. Having analyzed study guide on designing the PC «Monomakh 4.2» [1] we can say that there are instructions for each stage of the design of reinforced concrete structure. Other existing articles only highlight the new features of software system. A topic of specific examples of options monolithic ceilings and their subsequent analysis after the calculation is not involved. The aim is the choice of rational monolithic floor by comparing the model of fragment of monolithic girderless ferro–concrete ceiling without capital and ridge ceiling with plates leaned on a contour in the PC Monomakh. To achieve the goal the following main tasks solved: 1. Construction of calculation models of monolithic girderless ferro–concrete ceiling without capital and ridge ceiling with plates leaned on a contour fragments in the PC Monomakh. 2. Calculation of overlap by method of finite elements. 3. Selection of armature for being compared variants of overlap. 4. Comparison of technical and economic performance of both variants. Conclusion. With PC MONOMAH it’s very convenient to compare variants of overlap. This program may correct the estimated model without creating a new file.

13-20

Authors: M. M. Beliaiev, V. Bеliaieva, A. V. Berlov

Purpose. Development of CWE (Computational Wind Engineering) of model for the forecast of pollution of the atmosphere when burning solid rocket fuel in the storage, not demanding big expenses of computer time and use of powerful personal computers when carrying out expected calculations. The pollution forecast on the basis of the developed model is carried out on the scale of «microscale». Methodology. For numerical integration of the equations of Navier — Stokes implicit differential schemes are used. For numerical integration of the equation of transfer of impurity is used alternately — the triangular implicit differential scheme of splitting. Findings. The offered model allows to calculate hydrodynamics of a wind stream taking into account its interaction with a gas stream — a product of burning of rocket fuel. The developed model was used for an assessment of efficiency of use of the partition placed on a shaft for local protection of the atmosphere from pollution at an emergency situation in storage. Originality. The numerical model, allowing to consider essential factors, such as influence of buildings, a relief and the meteoconditions, influencing process of dispersion of polluting substances in the atmosphere, and formation of a zone of pollution at emergency situations of chemically dangerous substances connected with issue is created. Practical value. The developed numerical model can be used in practice for expected calculations of possible zones of pollution at emergency situations on chemically dangerous objects, and also when developing PEA (the plan of elimination of an accident).

27-34

Authors: Yur. O. Kirichek, V. Demyanenko, A. Matvee, V. Hez

With 50 years of XX century arrangements for drainage of surface water (rain, snowmelt, from watering and washing, urban roads and streets ) has become a mandatory part of the design of urban roads [5; 6; 8]. Diversion of surface water can solve a number of problems. First, it reduces the number of traffic accidents and their severity reduced. Secondly, it prevents the penetration of water into the roadbed. As a result of reduced intensity during suffusion of pavement and does not deteriorate the mechanical properties of soils. Currently in the design, there are many methods of surface drainage systems, but leaving the road and climatic, economic and operating conditions, not all types of Drainage may apply in specific urban environments. Despite the large volume of publications and standards that govern the rules of design and installation of Drainage, recommendations on the structures under the conditions of a certain area is not enough. The writings of M. I. Alekseev [1] are common means of payment Drainage and selection of designs on the characteristics of the flow. Calculation of rain water offer foreign scientists [12– 15], based on the speed and bandwidth dependency structures. Building codes [3; 4] the general principles governing the design of drainage systems and structures that are designed to collect and transport runoff from surrounding areas directly from the road network, including the diversion of rainwater and melt water, receiving and removing water from the watering of streets, of the fault conduit systems and communications facilities, urban drainage systems shallow, productive waters that are allowed to descent without special purification or after crossing treatment plant, removing water from washing cars with the required clearance without the latest advances in the field of building production. Analyze the ways of arranging the surface drainage on city streets and roads as an example of Dnepropetrovsk and identify the most effective drainage construction in the road network. Conclusion. Based on the analysis and research in areas streets of Dnepropetrovsk at the moment, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Drainage systems on the city streets of Dnepropetrovsk is not fulfilling its function in full; 2. The roads are mostly used point drain, line drain system is only used in some areas of the city; 3. One of the most effective ways to improve the drainage of water from the surface of the roadway - the device is linear drainage structures, which it is advisable to apply for the reconstruction of a comprehensive urban areas.

40-46

Authors: E. Gunko

A numerical model was developed to simulate the pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere after accidents. The model is based on the 3-D K-gradient model of pollutant dispersion. The implicit scheme is used for the numerical integration. Results of numerical experiment are presented.

52-56

Authors: G. P. Evseeva

Problem statement. The fortune of many patriotic songs is very similar to the fortune of Ukrainian nation. Every time when the nation revived, its dongs revived and resurrected as well. When Ukrainian nation was depressed with bondage, spiritual slavery, the national soul also got silent although never died. Many various patriotic songs continued their existence illegally, always filling the hearts of Ukrainians with hopes for better future. A song is the soul of the nation, national anthem is the highest appearance of its freedom-loving desires, spiritual-patriotic aspiration. Having lost its greatness of authority, Ukraine had not had its national anthem for several centuries; patriotic songs, often of regional character, which did not cover the fortune of the entire nation divided by the borders of Austro–Hungarian and Russian empires, had replaced it. Analysis of publications. National-spiritual heritage by P. Chubinski has been explored by different scientists, for instance, A. Zil’ [1], V. Miyakovski [4], N. Ship [6], I. Kolyada [2] etc. The period when P. Chubinski lived and worked is qualified by scientist as the second stage of Ukrainian national revival. Ukrainian intellectuals established linkage between the prospective of Ukrainian liberate movement and the necessity of self-identification of Ukrainians through establishing uniqueness of the language and culture of Ukrainian nation. Pavlo Chubinski was a lawyer by profession, ethnographer, poet and folklorist by calling, passionate patriot by convictions. Bright manifestation of patriotic-national feelings of Ukrainians of our united land was appearance of the poem by Pavlo Chubinski «Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy» (Ukraine Has Not Yet Died). There is no other piece of writing in the Ukrainian literature with such a magnificent and tragic fortune. Magnificent because it embodied the eternal dream of the nation to become sovereign, obtain freedom; it reflects the unbeaten belief in Ukraine’s revival. Tragic because for more than a century the anthem-song was persecuted, forbidden. They tried to kill it but did not manage to. Creation of Ukrainian anthem rises from the beginning of the autumn 1862. The reason to remember all these old events is the recent event of the international scale. On 30 September 2013 UNESCO World Heritage Centre recognized Ukrainian anthem as the best in the world. It was informed by Interfax-Ukraine referring to the UN News Centre [http://www.un.org/russian/news/]. The rating included national anthems of 193 countries of the world. The anthem of Ukraine won the first place in the general rating. Four characteristics were considered, in two of which Ukrainian anthem got the highest point. They are euphony and harmonious combination of musical and lyrical parts. High point was also obtained for originality of musical decision and integrity as well as for content-richness of the text. Ukraine was the only European country in the top-five, in general in the top-ten best national anthems there were included the ones of New Zealand (2 place), South Africa (3 place), Australia (4 place), the USA (5 place), Canada (6 place), the United Kingdom of great Britain and Northern Ireland (7 place), Spain (8 place), France (9 place) and Japan (10 place). This year Ukraine and Ukrainians celebrate 150 anniversary of the prominent poet who presented us the magnificent piece of art, which has become the symbol of uniting the state. At last under the influence of alarming events every Ukrainian citizen perceived the immortal text as the symbol of freedom, will and new hopes. It is pleasant to watch all the Ukrainian people singing the anthem of their country. Today in conditions of formation of democratic state the anthem of Ukrainian state became uniting factor, the patriotic element without which any country of the world cannot exist. Therefore, among numerous works in Pavlo Chubinski’s heritage the one, which brought him the immortal fame, was creation of solemn song of fighters for freedom that for a century and half has become the National Anthem of independent Ukraine.