Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

10-19

Authors: Sedin V. L., D. Sc. (Tech.), prof.; Danishevs'kyy V. V., D. Sc. (Tech.), prof.; Bikus E. M., Junior researcher and Postgrad. Stud.; Kovba V. V., Grad. Stud.

Problem statement. In modern conditions of geotechnical construction related with the problem of increasing loads on the basis of foundations of buildings and structures, and development of areas with complex engineering-geological conditions pile foundations widespread. So, the problem of economic and effective application comes of different types of pile foundations comes firstly, while ensuring a high level of reliability of buildings and structures throughout the lifetime, and the main task is to using a maximum potential of subgrade, for transmission to a maximum bearing capacity. When interacting pile with the surrounding soil occurs complex impure soil stress-strain state, which determines its load-bearing capacity and deformation, but it is not realized fully by the uneven distribution of efforts between the skin surface and the pile bottom. That are close to each other piles have skin resistance than being at a greater distance. The speed of movement of the soil caused by the combined influence of piles equals with the speed of movement of the piles, this occurs due to their mutual displacement and tangential stresses of the soil used irrationally. Analytical calculation of "rational" placement of piles, where the load-bearing capacity of soil beneath pile bottom will be used effectively and fully is the need to choose the optimum ratio between the length of piles and the distance between them. A promising direction is the applying of advanced mathematical methods, in particular the asymptotic, and to perform calculations in mathematical packages such as MathCAD, in which one can see the progress of calculation. The purpuse is to use the asymptotic method for the assessment of soil stress-strain state bases of pile foundation, a creation of the method for determining the tangential and longitudinal stresses along the pile and under the bottom edge of multilayer substrates, under static loading of piles, depending on the distance between the piles, the study of the influence of the contact at the border "pile – subgrade". Conclusion. a method for determining the tangential and longitudinal stresses along the pile and under the bottom edge of multilayer substrates is reated and is tested, research of the effect of exposure on the border "pile - subgrade," its optimal thickness is chosen for the task.

29-35

Authors: Zaiats I. I., Cand. Sc. (Tech.), Ass.-prof.; Yepifantseva S. V., post. grad. stud.

Problem stastement. Strong growth in urban population has led to a shortage of land. Thus the task of providing housing for the population, which is characterized by high consumption and performance with a high level of improvement, rises very sharply. One way to solve this problem is to further increase the number of storeys of residential buildings. Increasing the number of storeys of residential and public buildings is an objective reality at the present stage of urban development in Ukraine, as industrial enterprises are concentrated mainly in large regional centers, which are respectively activated civil housing. All participants of investment and construction process are interested in increasing the number of apartments in residential buildings, efficient use of land and efficient use of investments. This, in turn, leads to the need to ensure a comfortable and safe living conditions in high-rise buildings. One of the major high-rise construction is the location of such facilities, because the main aim is the preservation of the original historic buildings and the unique landscape that mark a specific city and is their calling card. Analyzing the experience of professionals involved in the design, construction and operation of high-rise buildings, it is possible to identify and classify a number of problems, which often arise in the design of high-rise buildings in historic medium major cities of Ukraine: planning problems associated with the inclusion of high-rise buildings in transport and pedestrian networks; functional problems; problems caused by interaction with other objects; landscape and recreational issues; sanitary problems; fire problems; internal organization of the building; engineering problems; geological problems; aesthetic problems; the problems associated with the impact on the behaviour of the population. These features should be considered when designing high-rise buildings and the adoption of urban planning, architecture, space planning, design, engineering and organizational and technological decisions for the construction of high-rise buildings. Purpose. Analysis of the characteristics of high-rise buildings and identify the factors influencing the choice of town-planning, space-planning, constructive, engineering and organizational and technological decisions. Conclusion. The construction of high-rise buildings should be preceded by a detailed comprehensive analysis of urban areas, identifying potential locations of vertical accents and determine the feasibility of their concentration. The identified areas should receive specific training on adapting to the needs of high-rise construction. Such areas, depending on conditions, can be found both in the historical part of the city or on its border, which is almost always associated with certain difficulties, or in a peripheral area or even outside the city, which greatly simplifies the development area. These features necessitated the development of new and improvement of existing methods of formation, evaluation, justification and selection of organizational and technological solutions for the construction of high-rise buildings, because all the known methods have been proposed to the emergence of high-rise buildings.

44-51

Authors: Ufimtseva O. Yu., Ph. Dr. (Tech.), Associate Prof.

Problem statement. Relations that form regarding production, processing, storage, transfer, exchange and consumption of information obtain managing values in modern economics of post-industrial type. At that information can be analyzed as consumer amenities that bring definite utility as a result of consumptive use, or as information resource that is able to take part in the process of production. In the given work the approach to information is used from the point of view of its consumer appeals, that is as economic good. The analysis of scientific investigations concerning usefulness of information amenities shows absence of a single approach to the given question. While creating a generalized model, preconditions represented in the models of leading scientists were taken into consideration. Purpose. To develop a concept of utility of information amenities on the basis of synthesis of existing theories of utility of information. To take out generalized criterion characterizing restrictions in consumption of information. To create preconditions for cost estimate of information amenities. Modern tendencies’ accounting of technological progress should be reflected in the new microeconomic indicators, as well as in the indicators of information goods using effectiveness. Conclusion. Obtained functions of total and marginal utility of information amenities confirm necessity of special approach to their analysis. The restricted ability of information perception by individual consumer is expressed through coefficient of cognition developed by the author. It’s decreasing dynamics preconditions achievement of maximum value of total utility and possibility of negative value of marginal utility. However, increase of consumption of information amenities creates increasing return conditioned upon knowledge gathering. It becomes apparent in increase of average coefficient of cognition according to increase of knowledge structure. At that marginal utility of information will not vanish, that is total utility does not achieve maximum. Dynamics of marginal utility of information amenities complies with general law of diminishing marginal utility starting only from a definite moment. Marginal analysis of information amenities promotes rationale of its cost estimate that is one of the most urgent questions in modern economics.

64-69

Authors: Yevseieva G. P., Dr. Sc. , Prof.; Acimova V. S., Senior Lecturer.

Problem statement. The society offers new requirements to preparation of a lecturer who should talk not only about basic knowledge and skills independently from specialty, but also about pedagogical oratorical art that creates a foundation of a lecturer’s qualification. Analysis of research. Analysis of scientific literature showed that rhetoric knowledge would favor formation of skills of cultural way of speech interaction is a part of rhetoric culture was not represented completely enough. Culture of language is considered by scientists traditionally, but unfortunately it cannot solve problem of rhetoric culture.The objective of the article. To consider the task of pedagogical rhetoric according to personal abilities and particular situation of communication; to analyze and create own original style and broaden the boundaries the horizons of rhetoric in the context of the tasks of the higher school. Conclusions. So, oratory is a very delicate tool and it should be used carefully, it has its danger and use. It can be shield and sword of courage but dagger of slander. Real oratorical art is a harmonic combination of content and form, theory and culture of language and teacher should has it in a perfect way. To show the deep of theory in a perfect, nice, elegant language package. Oratorical pedagogical art is a skill to talk nice, fascinating , perfectly, emotionally, it is an ability to educate and bring up without pressure and violence, conclusiveness should take an aesthetic satisfaction, to the lecturer should be the real possessor of an audience, influence on a will and encourage to active professional activity based on knowledge and personal skills.

10-14

Authors: V. Volchuk

Raising of problem. Recently, some articles devoted to the issues of materials, are examples of objects which are used to describe the language of fractal geometry. However, such an approach must be rigorously justified, as it should be based on the fact that the fractal dimension is inherent in the test material can be characterized by its high- quality properties. Until now, this problem was proposed to solve using the criterion of F. Takens. The prerequisites for satisfying this criterion is reduced to measuring any one characteristic of the system under study at different times at intervals Dt . As a result of these measurements are obtained by a bounded sequence {ai }, 0 £ i < ¥ . If this sequence r is possible to construct a smooth deterministic model of the form [1], then we are dealing with a complex deterministic process and apply the language of fractal geometry is meaningless. An approach based on the use of multi-fractal theory [2, 3] to quantify the elements of the structure, allows the spectrum by comparing the statistical dimensions of its elements, identify sensitive indicators of qualitative characteristics, in particular the mechanical properties, describing the one-to-one correspondence data dimensional structures and these properties. This in turn reduces the incompleteness of formal axiomatic that occurs in the description of the elements of the metal structure through the traditional figures of Euclidean geometry by identifying structurally sensitive to the quality criteria of dimensional ratings. Purpose. To determine the sensitivity between the dimensional assessments of the structural elements of roll-iron and mechanical properties. Conclusion. To predict the mechanical properties of cast iron plate roll form graphite is advisable to use it with an increase in the dimensional assessment framework ´200. Dimension assessment graphite, due to their low sensitivity to mechanical properties, applied to their forecast of the investigated large-scale representation of the range of structure (´100, ´1000) correctly.

23-32

Authors: V. О. Voronin, E. V. Lyantse

Raising of problem. The government at the legislative level fixed the definition of market value for tax purposes as mandatory in the implementation of real estate transactions. In order to meet the requirements of ob- jectivity, uniformity and consistency of the results obtained during the evaluation procedures, as well as minimize the influence of subjective factors, there is a need to develop a methodology for evaluating an automated procedure for determining the estimated value of the property based on its market value. To solve this problem, we use special tech- niques and methods of mass appraisal that incorporates computer-supported statistical analyses, such as multiple re- gression analysis and adaptive estimation procedure for use in the field of property valuation and property rights. Pur- pose. Realization of this goal involves the development of the concept of a computer-assisted mass appraisal. The basis of this concept is an adaptive hybrid models of market pricing in different market segments that incorporates software adaptive algorithms for determining the market value by the three evaluation approaches using the results of a multi-level real estate market analysis. It was proposed the utility automated valuation models which is intended for the implementation of a computerized real estate valuation based on the developed software adaptive algorithms. Conclusion. To achieve this goal have been developed and used concepts underlying of computerized mass appraisal. The basis of this concept is adaptive hybrid pricing models in various segments of the real estate market of Ukraine. The problem is solved by the application of the developed software-based adaptive algorithms for determining the market value of three evaluation approaches using the results of a multi-level analysis of the real estate market. It was pro- posed the model of automated appraisal, according to it was implemented computerization of appraisal procedures on the basis of the developed software-based adaptive algorithms. Originality of the proposed utility model is confirmed by patent of Ukraine and copyright law to the software.

43-50

Authors: E. V. Nesterova

Raising of problem. At the problem solving about determination of deflected mode (DM) of build constructions by the finite element method (FEM) on accuracy of solving substantial influence is rendered by the sizes of effective area of foundation. It is suggested to develop the criteria of determining the size of effective area. Presently at the calculation of vertical fallouts of earth dams with the trapeziform section (fig. 1), is assumed that the epure of contact pressures has a rectangular form [2, 6]. Thus actual epure of contact pressures on the sole of dam has form of trapezoid (fig. 1). Thus, there is a disparity between actual and accepted in the normative documents in the contact pressures on the sole of earth dams. Purpose. At writing of this article we were pursue a purpose to calculate the value of damping coefficient of vertical dead stress on the depth of foundation, trapeziform loading determined and to foundation attached. About it has been already written not a bit in scientific literature [2; 5; 6; 7; 13]. In our view, for determination of vertical fallouts of foundation of earth dams it is necessary to use the formula of D-1 DBN [7], corrected in it the damping coefficient of vertical stress on a depth, conditioned of dam weight, that is to calculate a trapezoidal form of environmental stress (fig. 1). Conclusion. The damping coefficients of vertical stress calculated by us on a depth (tablas. 1) allow more exactly to determine their values, than coefficients, presented in normative documents [7]. This is caused by more complete, than it takes a place in normative documents, in the light of configuration of the environmental stress.

65-70

Authors: I. A. Sokolov

Formulation of the problem. the largest reserves of increase of efficiency of building production concluded in the decision of problems of ensuring compliance with the technological properties of space-planning and constructive decisions of buildings organizational and technological conditions of manufacturing processes. Tendencies of development of the society determined the growth in construction, complexity of design rhenium building and makes it necessary to reduce the time of construction of buildings and reduce the cost of construction and installation works. In recent years, the architectural and compositional solutions constructed buildings are increasingly conflict with organizational, technological and technical capacity building organizations. This problem is solved by the improvement and development of new technologies of building production, the use of more modern construction machines and mechanisms. The implementation of the tasks can be solved by creating a space-planning and constructive decisions of buildings corresponding possibilities of building organizations and the creation of fundamentally new technologies. Currently, there is no single comprehensive approach allows to establish the extent to which space-constructive decisions of buildings technological possibilities of building production. Imbalance intentions and capabilities results in a significant increase in financial expenses for the construction of the building. The purpose of the article. It is necessary to propose a method of assessing the level of technological prefabrication construction of buildings, the application of which will provide an opportunity to improve the full process of erection of the building and, as a consequence, increase its efficiency by increasing the extent to which the technological properties of space-planning and constructive decisions of buildings organizational and technological conditions of manufacturing processes, pogruzki- unloading, transportation and installation of structures and products. Conclusions. The proposed method and system engineering calculations allow you to make adjustments to the proposed version of the space-planning and constructive decisions (without compromising architectural composition solution) of the building, as well as to improve the processes of its construction, by optimizing its individual parameters. Creation of economic and mathematical models describing the subsystem construction industry, has allowed to establish the functional and structural relationship of the efficiency of building production and technological design solutions constructed buildings.

78-84

Authors: R. A. Timchenko, D. A. Krishko, A. V. Bogatynskiy, V. O. Savenko

Raising of problem.Calculation of buildings, that isn’t carrying non-uniform deformation, is going to definition of foundation displacement and calculation of their elements hardness and sustainability. In that case we don’t pay attention on building and base cooperative deformations. Another view we can see in case of building calculation with hard geological conditions. Base of such buildings is uneven compressible soils or displacement carrying soil. Calculation of these constructions is impossible without building and base mutual influence consideration. One of the most important calculation parameters in cooperative deformation equations is base stiffness factor. Purpose. Purpose is to define peculiar properties of self-regulation foundation calculation in case of non-uniform base deformation by the variable base stiffness factor. Conclusion. Analysis of modern construction calculation methods with deformation soil properties demonstrated that variable base stiffness factor method employment is the most reasonable for solution of undermined base and foundation interaction problem. Besides, we need to take into account variable base stiffness factor decrease depended on relative horizontal extension deformation value. Nonlinear-inelastic soil diagram application for calculation of construction with hard geological conditions lead to main deformation 50% decrease compared with elastic calculation depended on “base – foundation – building” structure stiffness.

12-25

Authors: V. I. Bolshakov, K. S. Kharchenko

Department of Metal Technology was established in 1945 year. For its 70th year existence the department has passed all of the major stages of development with its alma mater and it is Dnepropetrovsk Civil Engineering Institute (DCEI), then Prydniprovs’ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (PGASA since 1994 year).

31-37

Authors: I. I. Zaiats, I. V. Trifonov I. V., S. Bronevitsky, S. V. Yepifantseva

Problem statement. For planning and organization of urban construction is necessary to analyze the use of areas. Territorial resources of the city, being used for construction and other urban purposes, consists of plots of land: disposable, reserved and undeveloped in previous years of construction in progress; residential districts and blocks of obsolete housing fund; industrial and municipal and warehouse enterprises being used irrationally or stopped to work; the defence department, where the amortized warehouses and other main funds are that are not used by purpose; agricultural enterprises where the obsolete industrial funds, haying, nurseries, greenhouses. The number of free areas suitable for future urban development is extremely limited. However a considerable part of the territories of almost all functional zones is used inefficiently. Purpose. Formalization of a factor of investment attractiveness of territories for the further identification and research of the connection between it and the cost of housing construction is necessary. Conclusion. The identification of regularities of influence of the factor of investment attractiveness of territories on the cost of construction of high-rise buildings allow to obtain a quantitative estimate of this effect and can be used in the development of the methodology of substantiation of the expediency and effectiveness of the implementation of high- rise construction projects, based on organizational and technological aspects.

42-51

Authors: V. L. Sedin, E. A. Bausk, M. M. Dovbnich, V. A. Zagil’skiy

Problem statement. Providing of safe exploitation of nuclear power plants, as well as a safety of staff and environment is a very important problem. A distinct feature of this problem is a necessity to provide not only a strength of structures, but also a safe functioning of all systems that control nuclear process. In particular, the influence of earthquake should be considered on constructions of buildings and structures of nuclear and thermal power plant, taking into account soil-structure interaction. According to IAEA’s SSD-9 recommendations, a risk of vibration of soil should be analyzed for each NPP connected with earthquakes soil that means researches, including general, detailed and microseismic zoning of the area works. One of the distinctive features of the considered problem is an evaluation of the seismicity of area and getting the response spectrum on the free surface. Purpose. Determination of seismic resistance of buildings of high category of safety with the example of the reactor compartment of Zaporoghskaya NPP including the soil structure interaction. Conclusion The seismicity assessment of the area and obtaining of response specters on free surface was made during research and analysis of seismic resistance of buildings of high category of safety including the effects of foundation and structures. The method of modeling of the equivalent dynamic characteristics of the base was considered during the research in seismic impacts.

61-66

Authors: I. A. Sokolov

Formulation of the problem. Construction of buildings and structures is a complex process, one of the components of which are the processing of digging. The cost structure constructed earthworks, depending on the types of buildings and structures, ranging from three to sixty percent. Currently, excavation work on 98% mechanized. Machines for the production of excavation, are one of the main vehicles by which the comprehensive mechanization of construction. Equipment construction vehicle with high, fast replacement of obsolete equipment with new, highly productive - one of the main ways of increasing the efficiency of excavation in construction. Intensification excavation mainly ensured by improving the organizational and technological measures to ensure efficient use of earthmoving equipment fleet. The current structure of the fleet, each of which can perform only one operation of the production cycle, resulting in the fact that for the implementation of the entire set of works on creation of earthworks necessary to form a set of machines capable to realize them. An alternative is to use a set of machines earth-moving equipment, multi-purpose equipped with 5-10 kinds of changeable working equipment with 20-40 working bodies, which provides all kinds of earthworks single machine. The purpose of the article. Develop a mechanism for technical and economic assessment of the effectiveness of the set of specialized earth-moving machines as compared to earth-moving machines, multi-purpose allows, under specified production parameters, to establish the limits of their effective application. To determine the efficiency of each unit of the considered earth-moving equipment, and further, to form a rational set of machines that can run on time given the amount of work at minimum cost. Conclusions. Systematic approach to the design of complete production process of digging it possible to establish the relationship between technology and feasibility pokzaatelyami characterizing zemlerony machine and the amount of work they do. The resulting dependence of the volume of excavation and earthmoving equipment performance provided the opportunity to establish the boundaries of efficiency, multi-purpose machines.

73-80

Authors: S. N. Semenets, S. S. Nasonova

Raising of problem. To the decision of combinatorics tasks on columns distinguish three basic approaches. The first envisages development of corresponding algorithms on the basis of methods of theory of the graphs. Second and third approaches are based on bringing the initial task over, set forth in terms of counts, to the task of optimization. Thus for the decision of the got task of optimization within the framework of the second approach the proper algorithms of optimization are developed, and within the framework of the third – the applied computer technologies the instrumental environment of which is adapted to the decision of tasks of optimization are used. For computer realization of the first and second approaches the special software development of which is accessible to far not every user is required. In addition, in the case of clarification of raising of one or another model task on columns (for example, by introduction of additional limitations) usually modification of the known algorithms of its decision and proper revision of software appears necessary. All this makes it very difficult in practice, the implementation of numerical experiments on a graph model. The most convenient for a wide range of users is a third approach to the solution of combinatorial problems on graphs, since it does not require for its computer implementation, the development of specific algorithms and software. However, issues of harmonization and optimization of the resulting model the ability to apply computer technology require further research and practical study. In this article one of possible methods of realization of the third going is examined near the decision of combinatorics tasks on columns, envisaging bringing an initial count model over to the task of the mathematical programming and subsequent decision of the last in an instrumental environment building on of Excel "Solver". Purpose of the article – to show effectiveness and sufficient community of such method of decision of combinatorics tasks on columns. Conclusion. The results got in the article show that many combinatorics tasks set forth in terms of counts, it is undifficult reformulate as a task of the mathematical programming. The optimization model got here, as a rule, appears linear relatively unknown. For numeral realization of such models building on of MS Excel is well adjusted "Solver", that does the tabular processor of Excel effective computer technology of decision of combinatorics tasks on columns even in case of their large enough dimension.

86-91

Authors: G. U. Nevgomonnyi

Raising of problem. The methodology of designing energy-efficient tower building should be based on systematic analysis of the building as a unified energy system. The prominent architect Norman Foster (Sir Norman Foster) writes: "Architects cannot solve all the world's environmental problems, but we can design buildings that require only a fraction of current energy consumption, in addition, through proper urban planning we can affect traffic flows. The location and functionality of buildings, its structural flexibility and technological resources, orientation, shape and structure, heating and ventilation characteristics used in the construction materials - all these parameters affect the amount of energy required for the construction, operation and maintenance of the building, and as for transportation, moving to it and from it" [1]. Purpose. The purpose of the study is scientific justification principles of architectural formation decisions of the power-rise energy efficient complexes and developing methods of architectural design of PRBC using wind energy. To develop the science-based principles forming the architectural buildings with the use of alternative energy and determine the specific features of the architectural design of buildings. Conclusion. The principles of architectural forming in the use of wind power and identify possible trends for the development of buildings with integrated wind installations. Polyfunctional wind power plants are in special properties of certain material and structural elements of the building structure, improve aerodynamic performance of the outer shell and therefore wind energy devices. Thus, the power efficiency of energy active building depends on its space solutions.

10-15

Authors: Bolshakov V. I., Glushkova D. B.

Purpose. The new methods of surface hardening and creation of special materials are appealed for problem solving of the increasing of exploitation characteristic of materials. Among them a special place is gas-thermal coating. They are used in the different branches of machine-building for protection of the surface of details and machine assemblies from abrasion wearout. In addition, these parts and components during operation can be restored by repeatedly re-coating, that significantly reduces the cost of repair of equipment, reduces the consumption of materials to manufacture new details. Purpose of the work is to establish the influence of the gas-thermal spraying on the hardness of surface coating and to determine the connection between microhardness and structural state. The results. The value of measurements of the microhardness of molybdenum and steel in the surface layer are consistent with character of structural components. The major characteristic of the deposited layer, determining the success work of the coating is its relationship with the substrate surface. Rapid crystallization under the pressure help to create of fine-grained structure. Scientific novelty. The mechanism of formation of the coating by sequentially packaging of greatly deformed particles and the formation of the layered structure are shown. High hardness of the particles of molybdenum of sprayed layer is stipulated by several factors: the ultrafine grain, hardening particles and change of their chemical composition, being created the conditions for senescence hardening. The hardness of steel parts is determined by micro dispersive carbides and hardening of austenite.

21-28

Authors: V. E. Vaganov

Problem statement Among the developed technologies metal-composites production,a special place takes powder metallurgy, having fundamental differences from conventionally used foundry technologies. The main advantages of this technology are: the possibility of sensetive control, the structure and phase composition of the starting components, and ultimately the possibility of obtaining of bulk material in nanostructured state with a minimum of processing steps. The potential reinforcers metals include micro and nano-sized oxides, carbides, nitrides, whiskers. The special position is occupied with carbon nanostructures (CNS): С60 fullerenes, single-layer and multi-layer nanotubes, onions (spherical "bulbs"), nano-diamonds and graphite,their properties are being intensively studied in recent years. These objects have a high thermal and electrical conductivity values, superelasticity, and have a strength approximate to the theoretical value, which can provide an obtaining composite nanomaterial with a unique set of physical and mechanical properties. In creation of a metal matrix composite nanomaterials (CM), reinforced by various CNS, a special attention should be given to mechanical activation processes (MA) already at the stage of preparation of the starting components affecting the structure, phase composition and properties of aluminum-matrix composites. Purpose. To investigate the influence of mechanical activation on the structure and phase composition of aluminum-matrix composites. Conclusion. The results of the study of the structure and phase composition of the initial and mechanically activated powders and bulk-modified metal-composites are shown, depending on the type and concentration of modifying varieties CNS, regimes of MA and parameters of compaction. The study is conducted of tribological properties of Al-CNS OF nanostructured materials.

36-43

Authors: N. L. Zotsenko, Yu. L. Vynnykov, V. L. Sedin

Problem statement. Ramming piles in punched holes (RPPH) differ of high degree of use of supporting capacity of base because of forming in it a compacted zone at the expense of displacement of soil in the volume rammer and compacted material of expansion. The method of their construction almost exclude excavation and formwork, reducing the consumption of concrete, metal, accelerates zero cycle compared to the foundations raised and excavation and immersion into the soil of precast elements. The expansion of the normative base, their design and construction should be for further implementation of of natural objects. The correctness of the geomechanical model of plane and spatial version of finite element method (FEM) should be proved for the calculation of cooperative work of RPPH as part of grillages with base. The most effective kinds of equipment and technological schemes of construction of RPPH should be noticed. Conclusions. The paper presents the main regulations on the design and the arrangement RPPH, corresponding of construction norms of Ukraine. The results of experimental and theoretical studies conducted by the authors for over thirty years, and the experience of the use of these piles on the objects of civil engineering, industrial and agricultural construction made their base. The use of the elastoplastic model with the criterion of Mohr-Coulomb strength for designing of the system "grillage -RPPH- soil" was substantiated. The designing in plane and spatial problems of FEM is proved that in the distance between the axes of adjacent piles up to five diameters is a correct choice of a flat version and simplifying of calculating scheme to the conventional strip foundation. An improved. The method of calculating of RPPH as part of grillages ribbon, where as the width of the foundation was taken a diameter of the broadening of the pile, and the depth of its inception corresponds to the bottom of it. The supporting layer of base under the foundation consist of upper zone, of sufficient sealing and a RPPH in geotechnical practice. The purpose is improvement of the methods of design and construction of RPPH. It should be improved the method of calculating the sediment of RPPH as part of grillages, considering the interaction of zones of influence of the piles. The most reliable way of solving this problem is a comparison of the calculated and measured of sinking lower of natural soil.

54-60

Authors: I. I. Zaiats

Problem statement. Technical and economic indexes of projects of construction of high-rise multifunctional complexes, namely: the duration of construction works and the cost of building products depends on the technology of construction works and method of construction organization, and on their choice influence the architectural and design, constructional and engineering made decisions. Purpose. To reveal the regularity of influence of organizational and technological factors on the duration of construction of high-rise multifunctional complexes in the conditions of dense city building. Conclusion. To reveal the regularity of the influence of organizational and technological factors (the height, the factor complexity of design of project and and estimate documentation, factor of complexity of construction works, the factor of complexity of control of investment and construction project, economy factor, comfort factor, factor of technology of projected solutions) for the duration of the construction of high-rise multifunctional complexes (depending on their height: from73,5 m to100 m inclusively; from100 m to200 m inclusively ) allow us to quantitatively assess their influence and can be used in the development of the methodology of substantiation of the expediency and effectiveness of the realization of projects of high-rise construction in condition of compacted urban development, based on the consideration of the influence of organizational and technological aspects.

68-75

Authors: V. N. Derevianko, A. A. Maksimenko, A. Biegun, H. Hryshko

Problem statement. In activating MgO by electrolyte salts, as a result of formation of non water-resist magnesium silicate hydrate are obtained the durable cement stone having the low water-resist. I. P. Vyrodov considers [9; 5], that magnesia cement curing in mixing with sufficiently concentrated (C > 20 %) solutions MgCl2 is caused with the crystallization of oxyhydrochloride composition: 3MgO∙MgCl2∙11Н2О, 5MgO∙MgCl2∙13Н2О and 7MgO∙MgCl2∙15Н2О. In the lower concentration parts of MgCl2 solution is formed a transitional compound of Mg[(OH)nCl2-n] with isomorphous Mg(OH)2 structure. At very low Cl concentration only Mg(OH)2 is practically formed. Purpose. The Formation of water-resist magnesium silicate hydrates for obtaining of fast curing and solid structure of the magnesia stone. Conclusion. The dependence of the formation of the magnesia stone from the ratio (MgO/MgCl2) of the magnesia cement (MgO) and the magnesium chloride solution (MgCl2) of different density has been identified in order to obtain the best content for oxyhydrochloride 3MgO·MgCl2·11Н2О, 5MgO·MgCl2·13Н2О and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). In putting into the system MgO∙–∙H2О of the silicic acid or fine ground quartz grains with size of less than 20 – 30 microns, over 1 month for the magnesium silicate hydrates formation is needed, where from 2 to 5 % of the total number of newgrowths are created. The study is proved by the expert opinion, that magnesium silicate hydrates do not have binding properties, unlike calcium silicate hydrates, and the main role in the system curing is played with the Mg(OH)2 gel recrystallization, which provides the acceptable stone strength (R ≈ 30MPa) in a few years. It has been also established, that in mixing of cement with low concentration MgO solutions of less than 1,5 mol/l (or 13% 1,1g/sm3), the final product in the stone structure is Mg(OH)2. With increasing the sealer (MgCl2 solution) there is formed by turn in structure 3MgO·MgCl2·11Н2О and 5MgО·MgCl2·13H2О. The increase of the sealer concentration to more than 2,5 mol/l (C = 21 % or 1,18 g/sm3) leads to the formation of system MgО∙–∙MgCl2∙–∙H2О consisting of a three phase of pentoxyhydrochloride (5MgО·MgCl2·13H2О), trioxyhydrochloride (3MgO·MgCl2·11Н2О), and remains of non-reacted Mg(OH)2. It has shown in the result of testing that the samples produced from the mixture of cement and bishofit with ρ = 1,28 g/sm3 have the bigges strength.

10-17

Authors: Bolshakov V. I., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.; Dubrov U. I., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.

The objects for which the criterion selection clearly is dictated by their target areas are relatively rare because, the attempts to formalize the effectiveness of any action of the SS for example, are drown up in a list of requirements, as a rule, consisting of a set of private performance indicators (partial criteria). Problem which formulation can not be reflected in the achievement of any one criterion, are called multicriteria [4]. A typical problem is the problem of the quality assessing of the functioning of the SS, showing its multicriteriality. There is no such criterion in the real problem, solving all of requirements presented to SS. In practice such problems try to solve by the “folding” of many private criterion to single criterion, which used artifice, as a result some indicators are composed the single. Based on the logic of the creation of the SS, we conclude that the main assessment of the operation, of the SS is its survival [5]. Based on medically accepted notion of survival, as the ability of organisms to survive under the impact of adverse factors this definition apply in view of the fact that the SS, creating of man, includes a mechanism as a rule which is created by its and the organism this mechanism controlling. If fir organism survival is the average of the population probability of individual of every generation for define of time interval, but for mechanism for a lethal apparatus in the condition opponent opposition. So researchers should model the process for anthropomorphic SS, consisting on organism mechanism interaction. However it should be known that for SS, survival analysis is modeled by process of getting terminal evident for elements of any totality, representing living organisms only. Use of present approach, allow to do chemical condition prognosis of wares and its mechanical properties of wares with a minimum of material and time-consuming in production condition. Keywords: anthropomorphic system, qualitative criteria, complex system, cast iron rolls, area of compromise.

27-34

Authors: Uzlov K. I., Dr. Sc. (Tech.).

Purpose. In austempering temperature range 260...420 °C of bainitic cast irons with nodular graphite (ADI) the changing of the behavior of functions of mechanical properties is observed adequately to the structural condition. Objective of present work was an investigation of temperature influence of isothermal holding on microstructure formation of metal matrix and mechanical properties of cast irons with nodular graphite specimens and to calculate the optimal temperature intervals of their matrix austempering. Methodology. Investigated globular graphite cast irons were thermally hardened by isothermal quenching on industrial equipment according to enterprise «Amsted-Rail» technology. Thermally treated samples were subject of metallographic analysis and mechanical tests according to standard methods. Mathematical processing carried out using the program «Excel 2003». Approximation of experimental data was done with software «Curve Expert». Further analysis of the model concerning the presence of extreme points and inflection points of the curve dependencies were realized using program «MathCAD 14». Findings. Temperature ranges of bainite structures forming in ADI metal matrix have been defined in the present work: lower bainite (260...280 °C), mixed bainite structure (300...360 °C), upper bainite (360...420 °C). Study of ADI mechanical properties demonstrated intense monotonous decreasing of ultimate tensile strengths in studied temperature range, naturally the opposite direction but identical regarding the behavior increased plastic properties and step – type, according to the structural condition, the nature of the changes in hardness. Consideration of the hardness functional dependence vs. austempering temperature obtained using experimental data approximation. Model analysis in terms of finding extreme points and inflection points was carried out. Originality. Mathematical processing of functional dependence of structurally sensitive properties (hardness) vs. austempering temperature determined the presence of point of corresponding polynomial curve inflection and its position. Practical value. Calculated quantitative values of ADI bainite matrix formation temperature intervals and appropriate behaviors of their products property, allow for forecasting prescribe industrial modes of thermal hardening for details of the specific conditions of operation.

45-50

Authors: Shcherbak О. S., Ass.

Purpose. Theoretical and experimental ground of receipt of slags casting of fundamental blocks from the slags of silicomanganese. Method. It was got further development, theoretical pictures of forming of structure of slags casting wares, technology of making of slags casting of fundamental blocks is improved from the slags of silicomanganese, allowing to improve their fisical-mehanical properties due to re-enforcement. Results. Phase-mineralogical composition and the main fisical-mehanical properties of slags casting of the reinforced fundamental blocks from the slags of silicomanganese is investigated, technology of production of slags casting of the reinforced fundamental blocks from the slags of silicomanganese is developed. Scientific novelty. Theoretical pictures of forming of structure of slags casting wares got further development, technology of making of slags casting of fundamental blocks from the slags of silicomanganese is improved, allowing to improve their fisical-mehanical properties due to re-enforcement. Practical meaningfulness. Large wares for the decline of internal tensions reinforce a steel. As a coefficient of thermal expansion of slag less than, than became, at the cooling-down of wares a steel tightens founding densely, hindering formation of cracks. The reinforced slags casting wares can be applied in place of the combined teams of reinforced-concrete, they excel the last on прочностным indexes.

60-71

Authors: Tsimbalova T. A., ass.

Problem statement. Since the second half of the eighteenth century in big cities of Europe, part of Ukraine entered into Russian Empire, the profitable houses were spread (housing to rent). Ekaterinoslav had become the biggest metallurgical center of monopoly by XX century, the highest population growth rates and mass construction of profitable houses was fixed.[3, 13]. Today these last profitable buildings make up more than 80 % of the historical buildings of Dnepropetrovsk. Nowadays the predominant part of profitable houses has the various combinatorics of residential and public functions. The use of them carry out on incidental chats , besides qualitative and quantitative indicators in the most cases with operating norms and rules are not reconciled. There is a necessity for realization of estimation of resources of profitable houses with the purpose of their further use, that was the reason for actuality of this article. Aim. Development of features of an architectural and planing adaptation of building of profitable houses with complex study of factors of their forming in the structure of historical block and in the context of classifications for modern terms. Analyzing of the resent research. Authors’ studies devoted to profitable houses, legal aspects in history of profitable houses are considered [4], market formation mechanism of lease of property, with determination of the main tendencies of development with analysis of socio-economic conditions [7, 15],the main demands to re-equipment of profitable houses for modern conditions [6], the demand for housing of profitable houses[16], features of blocks of historical buildings, restoration and adaptation of architectural monuments to modern functions [14] However, questions concerning the classification of the characteristics of town planning, functional and planning, structural, architectural, and other parameters were not shown. The creation of comparative and new classifications of buildings for development of ways of adaptations of profitable houses to modern conditions is expedient and according to this the theme the present article was determined. Conclude. On the basis of comparative analysis of historical and actual condition of buildings of profitable houses, the essential change on many classification positions of a study let to realize. Disparity of aged classification characteristics to modern building demands shown to dwelling surrounding are markers of further ways of profitable house use., New classifications of building of profitable houses were proposed, as well as adaptation variants to modern conjunctural directions in the context of the main architectural and town-planning and functional and planning classification parameters.