International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

6

Authors: TAWFIK MOSTAFA KHATTAB & ESLAM MOSTAFA GABER

The current paper aims to analyse the main reasons of the likelihood of grounding accidents appearing nowadays. Accordingly, a full investigation of CSL Thames accident is reported to verify the main causes of such accidents. One of the main causes found is that either ECDIS is not used at all or it is used in the improper way. This means a serious problem in the quality of the ECDIS training provided at all levels.

8

Authors: ARCHIT TOMAR & DHEER SINGH

In the case of vehicle the term frame means the part of automobile that holds all the important components all these components constitute together to from chassis. The chassis frame have to be robust enough to resist various forces due to undulation in surface of road or any other reason. Forces act on chassis frame like shock, twist vibration and also due to heavy weight of chassis fame add extra stress. Along with strength the most important in frame designing is to have sufficient bending stiffness. Natural frequency and also played most important role in chassis frame the excitation frequency and chassis frame frequency never match otherwise it create resonance and damage will incur in chassis frame. Now a day’s lightweight material gained popularity worldwide due their high strength and less weight. This paper present the static structural analysis is done using FEA method, modal analysis of a chassis frame is done do determine natural frequency and corresponding vibrational mode shapes, and also design modification done to optimize weight of chassis frame to perform this work the chassis frame designed in CATIAV5R19 and analysis is done in ANSYS14.5 .Material used for chassis frame is steel 52 and carbon epoxy composite material.

10

Authors: OSAMA MOHAMED IRFAN

In this work, the results from a series of experiments are presented to determine the effect of specimen geometry/dimensions on the compression behavior of AA6066Al alloy. Three geometries of compression specimens have been used; solid, tapered and collar. For each geometry, the compression tests have been carried out under dry and lubricated conditions. The experiments have been conducted at various aspect ratios: Ho/Do; 1.5, 1.25, 1, 0.75, and 0.5. The results showed that the circumferential strain εθ of the cylindrical specimens increases as the axial strain εz increases. For collar specimens, the values of local strain εz are inversely proportional to the total axial strain, while for tapered specimens, the local circumferential strains εθ are very close to the total circumferential strain.

10

Authors: P. RAVINDER REDDY & M. SAIKIRAN

A compressor is a device capable of efficiently transferring energy to the fluid medium so that it can be delivered in large quantities at elevated pressure condition. Compressors have numerous applications ranging from aircraft and process industries to household appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners. There are numerous types of compressors, each suitable for a particular application. The return channel provides the connection and carries the flow between two stages of a multistage centrifugal compressor. These return channel vanes are located between the two stages through which the fluid passes from one stage to another stage in a centrifugal compressor. Its main function is to rectify the outlet swirling flow from the former stage with possible little flow loss before it enters the impeller of next stage. There are many complexities involve designing the return channel passages, namely; the total pressure loss coefficient, static pressure recovery coefficient and uniform blade loading. The design parameter of a return channel on the performance of a multistage centrifugal compressor is studied through numerical investigations. To find an optimum configuration of compressor with minimization of losses the CFD analysis is performed by changing the design parameter. In the present work a new return channel vane profile is designed and its performance is evaluated using CFD code FLUENT. The aerodynamic studies include the geometry generation of the return channel vanes, meshing, CFD-calculations and performance evaluation. The parameters such as total pressure loss coefficient, static pressure recovery coefficient, vane load distribution on the return channel passages are studied.

12

Authors: MOHAMED NABIL ELNABAWYBAHRIZ & MOHAMED HUSSEIN NASSAR HASSAN

The tragic accident of the Costa Concordia in January 2012 was one of the most fatal large passenger ship accidents in Europe recently followed by a great public interest. The Italian cruise ship sank on the evening of Friday 13th off the Tuscan West Coast of Italy near the island of Giglio. The ship’s sinking was a tragedy in lost lives as well as the huge financial losses. The accident also raised a major cruise ship safety issue. As witnesses reported, it all started with a loud bang. The huge ship suddenly stopped, then plunged into darkness experiencing a total power loss. This was the beginning of the 2 long hours of a Titanic-like experience affecting all the 3206 passengers and 1023 crew on the unfortunate ship. News teams reported from the scene many of the passengers jumped overboard and swam to shore as the vessel took on a 20-30 degree list to starboard presenting a real danger of sinking. When the panic subsided and all passengers and crew left the vessel, it remained capsized, resting against a small breakwater. In this paper, the circumstances of the accident, problems encountered during evacuation, maritime search and rescue, similarities between the Titanic and the Costa Concordia accidents, the aftermath and salvage operations are discussed in detail.

14

Authors: HAYDAR SHAMKHI JABER ALSALAMI

This article illustrates a research, involved the optimization of forklift mast & arms assembly in order to control the deformation, maximum shear stress, von-mises strain and stress since the stiff mast channels and arms are planned to resist bending for safe handling of the designed load. The analysis is to be fulfilled by 3D model of the whole forklift structure and carried out in terms of strength and stiffness by means of F.E.M. technique using ANSYS 14.5 to compare two types of low cost high strength composite materials which are (Ductile cast iron GGG-70 as a matrix and reinforced by a 5% Ultra high modulus Carbon fiber) and (Ductile cast iron GGG-70 as a matrix and reinforced by a 5% Porous Ceramic fiber) along with the original manufacturing material which is (Structural Steel “SAE 15B35H”) for the same loading condition. The Caterpillar DP70N pneumatic tire lift truck is chose as a mathematical model for this work with the extremely endurance load of 7 Tons exerted on the fork arms.

18

Authors: ABDUL KADIR MUHAMMAD, SHINGO OKAMOTO & JAE HOON LEE

The purposes of this research are to derive the equations of motion of a flexible two-link system by a finite element method, to develop computational codes in order to perform dynamics simulations with vibration control and to propose an effective control scheme of a flexible two-link manipulator. The flexible two-link manipulator used in this paper consists of two aluminum beams as flexible links, two clamp-parts, two servo motors to rotate the links and two piezoelectric actuators to control vibration. Computational codes on time history responses, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) processing and eigenvalues - eigenvectors analysis were developed to calculate the dynamic behavior of the links. Furthermore, a control scheme using the piezoelectric actuators was designed to suppress the vibration. Two proportional-derivative controllers were designed and demonstrated their performances. The calculated results of the controlled two-link manipulator revealed that the vibration of the flexible manipulator can be controlled effectively even though only use one piezoelectric actuator.

6

Authors: E. O OLAFIMIHAN, K. A. ADEBIYI & S. O JEKAYINFA

The possibility of producing ethanol from agricultural residues like corn cobs peels, groundnut shells and plantain peels was investigated. Ethanol was produced from 500.0 g each of the grinded residues collected at a dump site in Ogbomoso at different temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40oC by using acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation. The results show that the volume of ethanol produced from the three residues increases with temperature up to 35oC and begins to decrease with temperatures. The highest volumes of ethanol (21.50, 14.50 and 14.50 ml) were obtained at a temperature of 35oC from plantain peels, groundnut shells and corn cobs respectively and the lowest volumes (16.0, 13.0 and 10.0ml) were obtained at 25oC from plantain peels, groundnut shells and corn cobs respectively. It was also observed that plantain peels out of the three residues produced the highest volume of ethanol at all temperatures. With this result importation of ethanol can be reduced if substantial energy is devoted to the production of ethanol from agricultural residues at a temperature of 35oC.

8

Authors: HANNA FARON, WOJCIECH MARCINKOWSKI & DANIEL PRUSAK

In this paper there is manufacturing of bodywork of a race car presented with a case study of AGH Racing team. Design and creation process begins form virtual prototyping of a model though mold manufacturing and ends up on infusion process. In order to achieve intended properties of composite materials a proper bonding of reinforcing layers has to be conducted during manufacturing process. It is one of the fundamental quality evaluation criterion while considering fabrication processes.

10

Authors: OLAFIMIHAN E. O, OYETUNJI O. R & OLADAPO M. A

The study of failure analysis is wide and the failure in materials and machineries is much dreaded in manufacturing establishments. The materials used for pipelines must be of good mechanical properties, low cost and readily available. Carbon steel is mostly used due to low resistance level. The failure analysis comes to relevance in order to prevent the menace attached to these failures, such as: financial losses, dangers to workers and personnel, production breakdowns and also the likelihood to spark up an epidemic. Our sources of research material are from library, online publication, questionnaire survey, oral interview, physical observation, use of mathematical model and computer aided design. A C++ programme and Solid work were used in the analysis of failure by varying the pressure, diameter and pipe thickness as the fluid flows. The results obtained shows that as operating pressure increases at constant diameter of pipe, stress induced in the pipe increases. It also shows the rate at which liquid flow through the pipe at various operating pressures and diameter. The model gave the thickness of the pipe to be not less than 0.25 inch (6.35mm).It also gave a pressure drop of 21.11 psi (145.55 KN/m2) for every one Kilometer.

12

Authors: A-F. MAHROUS, S. MAHMOUD, R. K. AL-DADAH & K. K. MATRAWY

The main objective of this research was to computationally investigate the effects of cooling via a human forearm on the tissue temperature for possible development in medical treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. A complete structure of a human forearm was modelled with CAD software and analysed using CFD to determine the temperature distribution through the forearm. Different cooling strategies were applied to human forearm including cooling the entire skin surface, cooling half the skin surface and use of Peltier coolers. The CFD results showed that cooling half the skin surface from bones side would be insignificant as the median nerve temperature was not considerably reduced by cooling. Cooling the entire skin surface, on the other hand, would result in lower median nerve temperature compared to other cooling scenarios. However, this might be worse for some people with MS symptoms. Proper selection of best cooling strategy would be based on people with MS symptoms experience.

1-12

Authors: A-F. MAHROUS, S. MAHMOUD, R. K. AL-DADAH & K. K. MATRAWY

The main objective of this research was to computationally investigate the effects of cooling via a human forearm on the tissue temperature for possible development in medical treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. A complete structure of a human forearm was modelled with CAD software and analysed using CFD to determine the temperature distribution through the forearm. Different cooling strategies were applied to human forearm including cooling the entire skin surface, cooling half the skin surface and use of Peltier coolers. The CFD results showed that cooling half the skin surface from bones side would be insignificant as the median nerve temperature was not considerably reduced by cooling. Cooling the entire skin surface, on the other hand, would result in lower median nerve temperature compared to other cooling scenarios. However, this might be worse for some people with MS symptoms. Proper selection of best cooling strategy would be based on people with MS symptoms experience.

10

Authors: A. CHENNAKESAVA REDDY

Adhesion between nanoparticles and metal matrix can affect a composite’s mechanical properties. Decreasing the interfacial strength can cause the interfacial debonding of particles from the matrix and, as a consequence, the tensile strength of the composite is reduced. In this article two types of RVE models have been implemented to study adhesive characteristics between aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticle and AA3105 matrix using finite element analysis. It has been observed that the nanoparticle did not overload during the transfer of load from the matrix to the nanoparticle via the interphase due to interphase between the nanoparticle and the matrix. The tensile strength and elastic modulus has been found increasing with an increase volume fraction of aluminum nitride in the AA3105/AlN nanocomposites. The transverse modulus of AlN/AA3105 nanocomposites is increased from 74.84 to 83.25 GPa with interphase due to addition of magnesium.

37-46

Authors: EHAB RADWAN, M F ABDRABOO & M G HEGAZY

This paper is an experimental investigation of the film cooling performance over a flat plate using transient liquid crystal measurements.Cylindrical hole with straight angle injection was used.Experiments were conducted at different blowing ratio (M=0.5 to 1.5) and different cooling channel Reynolds number (ReDh,c=10000, to ReDh,c=40000). All Experiments were conducted at constant hot gas Reynolds number and constant pressure ratio and.Film cooling Performance h (heat transfer coefficient) and η (adiabatic film cooling effectiveness are determined using the transient liquid crystal method combined with a numerical regression method to solve for the two unknowns). The results are discussed and compared to previously published literature.

1-8

Authors: RAJA RAMANNA SINGH, ABHISHEK GAIKWAD, SHIV SAGAR SINGH & VISHNU PRATAP SINGH

In this research work investigations were carried out to study the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties (toughness, hardness) of medium carbon steel and on Dual phase steel development from Medium carbon steel. Dual phase steel is developed by intercritical annealing in order to improve the hardness and impact toughness. Medium carbon steel of 0.46% carbon content is first inter critically heated in furnace and then rapid cooling in water is done to obtain the martensite steels and named as Dual phase steel. Different samples of Dual Phase steels are prepared by the intercritical annealing process for holding time of 2, 4 and 6 minutes for temperature ranging from 740°C to 840°C. The heating temperature and different time of heating (holding time) of the steel is used to make different percentage of Martensite steel. Dual phase steel so obtained is now tested and properties of the Dual Phase steel are evaluated. Rockwell Hardness test and Charpy toughness test for each Dual phase steel specimen is conducted to compare its hardness and toughness with untreated medium carbon steel. The result indicates that the specimen hardness and toughness increased with the increment in the heating temperature and holding time. The increase in heating temperature and holding time followed by quenching will convert austenite into martensite.

1-10

Authors: AMR MONEER IBRAHIM & AHMED KHALIL TAWFIK

No doubt Information Technology (IT) nowadays is involved in almost all of our modern lifestyle in one form or another; simple tasks like making a phone call or reserving a table for dinner will not take place without the interference of IT. If this is the case in simple life tasks, then it would be more appropriate and practical to use IT in education. Maritime education is a vocational education to a great extent. The best educational method in any vocational education is on-site training, backed up by theoretical lectures. Most of Maritime Educational and Training Institutes (METs), and because of number of factors, are doing it exactly the other way around, Theoretical lectures backed up by on-site training. This paper is trying to illustrate and discuss how to resolve this dilemma and amend the MET’s educational policies in order to put more vocational reality weight into their theoretical education with the usage of information technologies.

23-28

Authors: MOHAMMAD ABDUL JALIL, FARHANA AFROZ, MOHAMMED ASIF HOSSAIN & AYESHA SIDDIKA

This experiment was done on jute-PALF union fabric produced from twill weave structures. The aim of this attempt is to find out how physico-mechanical properties like tensile strength, abrasion resistance, drape co-efficient, bending length and flexural rigidity of the produced fabric is influenced by the fabric design in order to increase the uses of natural fibers instead of manmade fibers. Two fabric samples; 3/1 twill and 2/2 twill were produced by local hand loom from same ends/inch and picks/inch in value. Jute yarn of 241 Tex (7 lb/spy) was used in warp direction and PALF yarn of 345 Tex (5 lb/spy-2ply) was used in weft direction. From the experiment, the comparative results of both samples on tensile strength, abrasion resistance, drape co-efficient, bending length and flexural rigidity are investigated to exhibit the effect of twill structures to perform the task for diversified use and domestic and industrial purposes.

49-56

Authors: BENZIGER B, ANU NAIR P & BALAKRISHNAN P

The present air-conditioning system produces cooling effect by refrigerants like Freon, Ammonia, etc..Using these refrigerants can get maximum output but one of the major disadvantages is harmful gas emission and global warming. These problem can be overcome by using thermoelectric modules (Peltier effect) air-conditioner and their by protecting the environment.The present paper deals with the study of Thermoelectric air conditioner using different modules is discussed. Thermoelectric cooling systems have advantages over conventional cooling devices, such as compact in size, light in weight, high reliability, no mechanical moving parts and no working fluid .

65-72

Authors: R. D. GORLE, MAYUR BHANUSE, RUPESH TATTE, SHUBHAM KAPLE & MANGESH GHANOKAR

The research explained in this project was carried out to analyze and design a point absorber wave energy convertor that has ability to survive extreme weather conditions and the need to achieve cost-efficiency while achieving high capacity. In this project an attempt is made to integrate the two technologies of wave energy convertor to achieve greater electricity production. An approach is made to minimize the cost of production of wave energy convertor. The two technologies are merged to gain the advantages of both in simple and efficient way.

85-92

Authors: V.H.BANSODE, ACHARI SWATI NIVRUTTI, PAWAR SAURABH NANDLAL & BHARDANDE NIKITA SANJAY

A plate heat exchanger uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. The metal plates are made up of stainless steel because of its ability to withstand high temperatures, its strength and its corrosion resistance. PHE is use in industries such as chemical, food and pharmaceutical process and refrigeration. The attempt made in this paper is to study the pressure drop in accessories of plate heat exchanger and to observe which geometry of inlet pipe gives the best results. Using simulation. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is a tool used in this simulation which consists of ICEM CFD and FLUENT. Volume meshing in ICEM is an important part to be considered before doing simulation in FLUENT as a solver.

101-114

Authors: MOHAMMED HUSSEIN NASSAR HASSAN

As a result of global warming and rise in temperature, the Arctic region witnessed melting of ice. The technological development for the extraction of oil and natural gas in the Arctic in addition to political instability and piracy in the Middle East pushed the Nordic countries (Germany, Russia and Canada) to do research, studies and experiments to take advantage of these resources and to exploit the short distance to transfer trade between Western countries (Europe, America and Canada) to the east countries(Japan, China and South Korea). Two German ships succeeded in September 2009 to sail from a port in South Korea to the Dutch Rotterdam port across the North Sea along the northern Russian border Northern Sea Route 2013, (Information Office), followed by the success of the Russian gas tanker «Baltika» to sail from the Russian city of Murmansk in the August 14, 2010, to the Chinese city of Shanghai, accompanied by the nuclearicebreaker" 50 years of Victory" across a route inside the territorial waters of the coast of northern Russia from the Arctic Oceancarrying 70 tons of gas condensate to be a substitute for the southern route through the Suez Canal. Projections indicate that the volume of trade passing across the Northern Sea Route NSR in 2015 to be 4 million tons and may reach to 65 million tons per year in 2020 and to 120 million tons in 2030 (Keil, 2014)