International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: Sharon Sebastian, Suchetha Kumari2 and Arpana Jain

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy typified by oligoovulation or anovulation, signs of excess androgen and multiple small ovarian cysts. There is no direct reference for the condition in Ayurvedic classics but can be correlated to artavavyapaths like nashtartava, artava kshaya and yonivyapaths like vandyayonivyapath and Pushpaghni Jathaharini explained by Achaya Kashyapa. It remains as a challenge to select a treatment which is safe, non- hormonal and effective against the associated symptoms. This study is designed with an objective to analyse the effect of Chitrakagranthikadhi kashaya3 and Nashtapushpanthaka rasa4 in PCOS. After the study duration, it was found that the patients were having significant relief in their disturbed menstrual parameters. A considerable reduction in the volume of the ovaries were also seen after the treatment. One patient got conceived during the follow up period. The intervention is beneficial in treating PCOS. The study can be conducted in a large sample size for a longer duration to see the accurate efficacy of the drug.

5

Authors: Krishnapriya S, GazalaHussain2 and Anu Robert

Ayurveda is an ancient healthcare system with eight specialties. Agada tantra is a specialized branch of ayurveda that offers meticulously detailed information about animate and inanimate poisons and methods of eliminating these poisons from the body. Many formulations have been explained in the samhitas (treatise of Ayurveda) for the management of poisons. Herbal, mineral, and herbo-mineral preparations are used to treat visha. Haratala (Arsenic trisulphide) is one of the mineral used in formulations of agada tantra. In this article a review has been done through the bruhathrayee (treatise of Ayurveda) to find out the agada yogas which contain Haratala.

6

Authors: Mahender Kumar, Shrikanta Kumar Panda

Ayurveda focus more on prevention of diseases than treatment. Aahar (diet) and dincharya (ideal life-style) are two important principles described as to prevention. Cancer is responsible for a large no of morbidity and mortality in the world, responsible for new cases of about 18.1 million and death of about 9.6 million in 2018 according to WHO and a lot of evidence suggests that major responsible causes of cancers are life style factors, physical inactivity, refined sugar, the typical high fat and smoking. However, 30 -35% of the cancer cases can be prevented by a healthy life style and diet according to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF). Cancer can be managed through diet because they are the source of important physiologically functional components. According to scientific observations research dietary supplement helpful to prevent breast cancer recurrences. Fibers, which is the main dietary components, having antineoplastic functions, due to its unique properties it is recognized as treatment of cancer. Antioxidant rich diet is required for the prevention of cancer. It has been observed that by healthy Aahar (diet) and dincharya (ideal life-style) i.e., reducing alcohol consumption, nonsmoking, physical activity and weight control and, breast-feeding and a plant-based diet can avoid half of the cancer.

6

Authors: Prasanna N Mogasale, Aswathy P M2 and Nagaraj S

Central Cord Syndrome is the most frequently encountered form of cervical spinal cord injury which can be found in persons of any age. It is characterized by disproportionately greater motor impairment in upper extremities than lower extremities and variable degree of sensory loss below the level of injury in combination with bladder dysfunction and urinary retention. There is no satisfactory treatment available in western medicine for this condition. As per Ayurveda it can be considered as Krikatika marmabhighatajanya sarvangavata. Krikatika marmabhighata,is characterised by loss of movement below neck region.Here is a case of 41 year old male patient who had reduced strength and sensation of both lower limbs (left > right) and unable to walk without support was treated with Ayurvedic oral medications and Panchakarma procedures. The case study demonstrates that Central Cord Syndrome may be successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment.

6

Authors: P. Hemantha Kumar, Indrabir Mishra

Ayurveda provides a description of every aspect of sickness and life. Under the concept of Janpadodhwamsa Acharya mentioned four essential factors, i.e. Vayu (air), Jala (water), Desha (land) and Kaala (season) and their abnormal alteration which causes adverse effect not only individual living beings but also a whole community. Adharm (immorality) is the foremost cause of Janpadodhwansa and today humans forget all their responsibility for nature and committing misdeed in the form of Adharm regarding nature. In the context of the present, all these mentioned changes are visible and peoples are being affected by them. A similar situation also occurs in epidemics and pandemics. In the present review article primarily focussed on to understand the concept of Janpadodhwansa and its cause in current scenario.

6

Authors: Byresh A, Ashwini N

The waste generated in a health care setup is termed as Bio-Medical Waste. Its Management becomes necessary & important owing to the risk it poses to the environment if not handled properly. It is important to identify, segregate and dispose Bio Medical Waste. The Bio-Medical Waste generated in an Ayurveda Hospital is totally different from the waste generated from an Allopathy Hospital. BMWM rules 2016 emphasis on safe segregation, collection, storage & disposal of Bio Medical Waste. Owing to the type of waste generated in an Ayurveda Hospital it becomes important to analyse, segregate & safely dispose the same inculcating BMWM rules 2016. Panchakarma Treatment forms the integral part of Ayurveda, hence it necessary to understand the waste generated, segregation and its disposal. The waste generated during various treatment is critically analysed and the use of various colour coded bags to be used for the same is identified.

7

Authors: Ramitha Mundkur, Veerakumara

Prameha is considered as one among ashta mahagada and is described in all the classics of ayurveda, in the modern parlance it can be considered as Diabetes mellitus. India is emerging as the diabetes capital of the world, due the sedentary life style, lack of exercise, improper diet habits and stress are few among many reasons for diabetes, which in our literature can be understood as santarpanjanya nidana's that result in prameha.

7

Authors: Swati Malsariya, K Bharathi2 and B Pushpalatha

Normal vaginal delivery or Sukhaprasava is a natural way of giving birth to a healthy fetus by a healthy mother without any external medical or surgical intervention. This is the ultimate aim of every pregnancy. But now a day the rate of unnatural child birth over natural child birth is going to rise. But there are many demerits of unnatural deliveries like risk of anesthesia drugs, wound infection, greater blood loss, increase hospital stay with longer recovery period, delayed lactation which affects bond formation between mother and newborn, many respiratory problems in newborn as born unnaturally and many more. For promoting natural vaginal deliveries some intervention is well accepted before the onset of labor which having no any negative impact over mother and her baby. Ayurveda provides a regime for having normal vaginal delivery or Sukhaprava during ninth month of gestation. It includes Matrabasti and Yonipichu with oil medicated with sweetened drug or madhuraaushadha. Among the list madhuraaushadha Bala (Sida cordifolia) can be selected to prepare medicated oil for Matrabasti and Yonipichu. As this drug is also mentioned under balya, brimhaniya and prajasthapanamahakashaya thus provide strength to uterus at the time to labor. Bala is also ojovardhaka in nature thus help the parturient women to tolerate stress and pain at the time of labor. Bala having many more such qualities which makes it most preferable aushadha to be used during ninth month regime for Matrabasti and Yonipichu which is further described under this paper.

7

Authors: Ved Prakash, Deepti Parashar2 and Sangeeta

Astrology has a thousand-year history in India. It provides a greater understanding of planetary impacts on human beings, as well as an intricate component of a person's day-to-day life and their relationship with destiny. Astrology knowledge is valuable. It is included in VEDAS, which were passed down to us by past sages through their intuitive understanding. Astrology is a science based on information about the movements of planetary systems such as planets and stars. An astrologer does nothing more than analyze the effects of these motions on people's lives. Astrology is the study of the stars. The Sciences of the Stars this is known as Jyothisham in Sanskrit, which means "LIGHT SCIENCE." Ayurveda is a Science of Life conveyed to us through VEDAS for the purpose of maintaining good health. This is essentially a method of holistic treatment which derives its power from the understanding the enormous influence of the nature holds on human beings and aims at eradication of human sufferings both physical and mental through the products of nature. Astrology and Ayurveda are branches of the same tree, and when used together, they produce greater results. The mental and emotional parts of the birth chart are revealed, which provides a good indication for the diagnosis of most ailments. Exercises aid in the development of physical strength, prayers aid in the development of inner mental power, and astrology aids in the development of confidence in divinity and nature.

8

Authors: Malavi Shayan, Praveen Kumar H

Objectives: To review the drug combination and contra-indications as per Rastantrasaara va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha & to analyze and discuss the importance of drug combinations and contra-indications as per ayurvedic classics. Data Source: The data was collected from Rastantrasaar Sangraha va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha authored by Thakur Nathu Singh Ji. Methods: Although many classical texts contain descriptions of formulations & their utilization, ayurvedic practitioners often modify them to suit the individual constitution. Drugs of different origins are mixed in various proportions to increase their potency and to obtain few other advantages. Here, an attempt is made to familiarize the ayurvedic practitioners regarding the classical details of Drug indication, Combinations, Contra-indications & their general usage. Results: Any formulation which flushes out morbid doshas completely from the body, is considered an ideal formulation even if it is teekshna in nature. Conclusion: Proper drug at the precise dose by the accurate route at the correct time for the right person will always provide beneficial effects.

8

Authors: Ekta, Soni Kapil

Background: Infertility is one of the major issues which has altered the mankind for lack of conception due to stressful work environment, hormonal imbalance, genetic factors, unhealthy changing lifestyle, anxiety resulting in massive personal suffering and psychosomatic distress to the patient. Classical Ayurvedic texts,Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita ,Rasaratna Samucchya, ,Harita Samhita have described types of Bandhyatva. Acharya Sushruta described four essential factors i.e. Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu,Beeja for conception. Bandhyatva (Infertility) refers to the biological inability of a woman of reproductive age to conceive and also the state of woman who is unable to carry pregnancy to full term. Here a case study of patient suffering from infertility has been presented. Aim & Objective: The present study is an effort to understand the disease according to Ayurvedic principles & to evaluate the role of safer and cost effective Ayurvedic management modalities in infertility. Materials &Methods: Patient with age 24 years with 4 years active married life having normal menstrual cycles. The probable cause was found after routine examinations of both partners having recurrent genital tract infections and reduced sperm count& quality in husband visiting the OPD of PTSR of RGGPGA College, Paprola. Lahsuna kalpa was administered for 9 days to both the partners after clearance of menses of female. Results: Patient had conceived after the use of Lashuna Kalpa. Conclusion: Hence it has been concluded that Lashuna kalpa can be practiced as a line of treatment for infertility by Ayurvedic gynecologists which needs further research in large sample to establish.

9

Authors: Kshama Kulkarni, Rakesh Mishra2 , Ankita Mishra3 and I B Kotturshetti

Motherhood is the most gracious phase in every woman’s life. It brings about physical, physiological, emotional changes to the body. In this phase the body needs extra care for a pregnant woman herself, developing fetus, and birth outcomes as well. Although it is a beautiful process, pregnancy may have numerous complications like intrauterine growth retardation, pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-term delivery etc. that can affect both the mother and fetus. Yoga comprises stretching exercises, physical postures, breathing techniques and meditation which minimizes the pregnancy complication provides a great range of activity and benefits to mother, unborn child in various ways. A regular yoga practice during pregnancy can improve birth weight, reduces pre-term labor, decreased IUGR with less or no complications resulting in healthy pregnancy. This paper reviews about the types of Yogasana, Pranayama, and Mudra that are beneficial for women in all the stages of pregnancy.

9

Authors: Veena G Rao, Shalini C2 and Manasa S D

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the common inherited neuropathies, caused due to mutations of the genes that produce proteins that are involved in the structure and function of either the peripheral nerve axon or the myelin sheath. Its clinical presentation comprises of toe walking, pes cavus, claw hand, waddling gait, foot drop, absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes, nerve hypertrophy and loss of touch sensation predominantly in feet and legs. Prevalence rate is 1 in 2,500 individuals and it is associated with duplication (in 90%) of 17p11.2 (Hemizygous duplication). This can be correlated with Sarvanga Roga in Ayurveda. Here is a study of 24 years old male patient who is a known case of Charcot Marie Tooth disease complaining gradual onset of weakness in both lower limbs below the knee, foot and in both arms and hands since childhood, associated with thinning of distal muscles, difficulty in walking and muscular pain over the limbs and stiffness over joints. Considering these symptoms, case was diagnosed as Sarvanga Roga and treated using Ayurvedic principles. The Panchakarma therapies including Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa, Basti Karma along with Shamana Aushadhis has showed a sustainable improvement.

10

Authors: Arun Kumar M, Silviniya Anitharaj Fernandes2 , Mamatha KV3 , Prasanna N Mogasale4 and Nagaraj S

Now a days along with change in lifestyle, menstrual irregularities have become common, impairing the quality of life of a woman. Asrigdara is a disease of artava vyapath manifested by the dosha prakopa with rakta dushti primarily in artavaha srotas, characterised by dirana (excessive excretion) of asrik (menstrual blood). It refers to all types of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). In order to accept AUB universally, a newer classification of system was introduced known as “PALM-COEIN”. All acharyas have given much priority to rakta dhatu in causing the disease, because of the involvement of rakta in most of the diseases in comparison with other dhatus. Hence, an attempt has been made to study and expand the shonitadushti nidana in asrigdara.

10

Authors: Radhakrishna Reddy D, Shivalingappa J Arakeri2 and Ravi R Chavan

Introduction: The disease Bhagandara is included as one among the Ashtamahagadas. It is one of the most common diseases pertaining to ano-rectal region. The literal meaning of Bhagandara is daarana which is splitting up/bursting up of pakwa pidaka in the bhaga, guda, basti pradesha results in the formation of a communicating tract, thus causing discomfort to the patient. Up to 26.5% recurrence rate, 40% of high risk of impaired continence and 5.6% non-healing of the wound were reported after surgical treatment. To overcome these lacunae the Ksharasutra ligation procedure has been adopted. The advantages of this procedure are; It is cost effective, needs minimal hospitalization and has least adverse effects. This can be employed efficiently in both high and low anal fistulae. This type of therapy is considered as a minimal invasive parasurgical measure at global level. Apamarga Kshara Sutra is standardized one, and effectively used. But pain and burning sensation during the treatment is a very often complaint of the patient and availability of Apamarga is also difficult throughout the year as Apamarga is seasonal plant in order to overcome these disadvantages, exploration of new plants for the preparation of Kshara Sutra hence in the present study Apamarga is replaced with Tilanala. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Tilanala Ksharasutra in the management of Bhagandara w.s.r to Fistula-in-Ano. Materials and Methods: 30 patients diagnosed with Bhagandara were randomly grouped into 2 groups with 15 patients in each group. Group A was treated with Tilanala Ksharasutra followed by Betadine 10% solution infiltration, Group B was treated with Tilanala Ksharasutra without Betadine 10% solution infiltration both were clinically evaluated. Results: Assessment of Pain, Discharge, Itching, length of the tract in Group A showed 97.23%, 100%, 100%, 100% improvement and in Group B 97.46%, 100%, 95.85%, 100% improvement respectively. Mean UCT of Group A was 6.96 days/cm and Group B was 7.57 days/cm with p value >0.05 which is not significant which shows that Tilanala kshara sutra is effective in the management of Bhagandara. Conclusion: Tilanala kshara sutra is much effective in the management of Bhagandara.

12

Authors: Nirmal Krishnan R, Ahalya S2 and S M Pasha

Eyes are most significant among the sense organs which reflects the beauty and health of an individual. Disturbances of vision directly or indirectly affects the normal functioning of other senses too. Prevention of eye diseases and maintaining the ocular health in this era is of prime importance. Especially during this pandemic period, the digital screen time has increased drastically due to the online classes, work from home etc. and thus induces stress and strain to the eyes. This augments the occurrence of various visual disturbances and other ocular diseases such as myopia, dry eye syndrome etc. Ayurveda, the science of life always offers prime importance to the prevention of diseases before their manifestation. Ancient sages described Dinacharya, Rtu charya, Pathyahara-vihara, Rasayana etc. for the maintenance of ocular health. Various yogasanas and techniques like trataka can also be practiced in this time, which will help in preserving normal functioning of the eyes. Following an Ayurvedic way of life during this pandemic period can effectively reduce the impact of eye diseases and maintain the ocular wellbeing.

13

Authors: Hemant Upadhyay, Akashdeep A Meshram

There are eight variants of congenital deformities (Astha Nindita Purusha). Individuals with these eight types of malformations are morphologically or genetically abnormal, as it conclude that people suffer from a wide variety of diseases and are difficult to treat because they are treatable with high risk (yapya / krachha sadhya) or incurable (asadhya). But now a days these Ashta Nindita Purusha are getting relevant treatment according to their disease and condition. There are many diseases that can be included in this category, which are not categorized in Ayurveda. There need of understanding Nindita Purusha based on their morphological abnormalities like Trisomy, Gynecomastia, Progeria, Poliomyelitis, Congenital physical disability etc. that can be included that but not included yet. So, an effort has been done to understand the diseases along with its pathologies that can be included as Nindita Purusha and its importance in present era.

15

Authors: Hareendran Nair J, Kasthuri Nair A2 , Arun Pratap3 , Arjun Chand CP4 , Aswathy RS5 , Nisha MG6 and Shan Sasidharan

Fever is the most common manifestation of infection and refers to a core temperature of greater than 100.4°F (38.0°C), which occurs due to an increase in hypothalamic ‘set point’ for temperature. Respiratory tract infection refers to any kind of infection especially bacterial or viral involving the respiratory tract. There is no direct explanation regarding virus, viral fever, and associated respiratory tract infections in Ayurvedic classics. The basic concepts of which were taken from Jwara (fever) and Kasa (cough) Prakarana (chapter). Viral fever can be considered as Abhishanga Jwara, a type of Agantu (caused by external factors) Jwara which is caused by Bhutadi (microorganisms) and is Sannipathika (vitiation of three Dosha) in nature. Respiratory tract infections are due to exposure to Agantu factors like Rajas (dust), Dhooma (fumes), and they are mostly Kapha Vata Pradhana Sannipathika in nature. This review is an attempt to understand viral fever and viral infections of respiratory tract through Ayurvedic principles and thereby utilizing the preventive and curative principles mentioned in Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Jwara, Kasa and Swasa (breathing disorders) for the preventive and management aspects of the emerging deadly viral infections.

5

Authors: Dhara H. Devani, Ram Shukla2 , Hemang Raghavani3 and Pooja Sharma

Diabetic Nephropathy is a specific form of Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephropathy is a leading complication of Diabetes mellitus that affects about 40% of diabetics. In advance cases intense management such as dialysis may be needed. Further it leads to renal transplant badly affecting the quality of life. With limited options available in modern medicine, ayurvedic principle of diagnosis and treatment may be useful. A 59 years old female patient visited Panchakarma OPD with known case of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus for 17 years, with bilateral pedal oedema, puffiness of face, generalized weakness and fatigue. Her renal and diabetic profile were deranged. Patient was taking oral hypoglycaemic agent and diuretic tab. 3 tab./day. She was a known case of Diabetic Nephropathy. According to principles of Ayurveda she was diagnosed as case of ‘Prameha updrava janya Vrukka roga’. She was under Ayurvedic management for 4 months continuously. After 4 months, marked relief in symptoms was seen in patient. Diabetic and renal profile improved, particular protein in urine seen nil along with decrease in the dose of diuretics.

6

Authors: Nita Mahalle, Sunita Bhusare

In the present era, people suffer from many life style disorders due to improper dietary habits, lack of exercise, sedentary life style, suppression of natural urges and stressful conditions. Human cannot discriminate between good and bad things. the main causes of all this things are explain in Charaka samhita is miss used of senses (asatmyendriyartha samyoga) , intellectual error (pradnyaparadha), transformation and decay due to time (parinama or kala). It is need of an hour to study the concept of trividha hetu (asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha, parinama), which are root causes of all physical and mental diseases, in various dimensions. This is an attempt to study the concept of charakokta trividha hetu (asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha, parinama) and its significance in Rognidan. The concept of asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha,parinamais detailed discussed in trieshniya adhaya of charaksamhita. If one can avoid these three basic causes by following code of conduct as prescribed in Ayurveda one remain healthy and will be capable in achieve his goals of life. Avoidance of these three causes asatmyendriyartha samyog, pradnyaparadha, parinama is the only preventive and curative measure for most of the diseases.

6

Authors: Dhara N Deliwala, Tapan M Vaidya

BACKGROUND: Chiari malformation is a congenital deformity of para-axial mesoderm, which subsequently results in formation of a small posterior fossa. Surgery is only treatment which may not be successful even for symptomatic relief. CASE PRESENTATION: A 43years old patient pre-diagnosed with Arnold chiari malformation type 1 came to the hospital due to reappearance and increase of the symptoms after the 3 years of surgery. He was hospitalized and treated with Sarvanga abhyanga with Narayana taila and Sarvanga bashpa svedana with nirgundi patra followed by mrudu virechana with eranda taila. Orally Balamoola kvatha, Kaishora guggulu and Ashvagandha churna and externally griva basti as well as nasya with narayana taila were administered for next three weeks period. Matra basti was given every day with narayana taila in evening after the food. Patient’s general condition was improved and was able to perform his routine activities. Good improvement noticed in slurred speech, imbalance in walking, neck pain and headache. Clinodactyly in hands was moderately relieved and numbness and tingling sensation was absent.

7

Authors: Smriti Pandey, Brajesh Gupta

In Ayurveda, loss of hair is termed as "Khalitya". It is a disease with vata-pitta predominance, increased pitta dosha along with vata dosha at the root of hair follicle causes hair fall. Hairfall is a universal problem, having affected both sexes of all races. Genetic predisposition and hormonal stress factors predominantly contribute to the above. Apart from hormonal factors, other reasons for hair loss in both sexes can be, improper nutrition (esp. lack of iron and protein) which is essential for maintaining healthy hair growth. In modern physiology Alopecia can be correlated with Khalitya. Prakriti or the constitution of a person is an inherent nature of an individual determined at the time of birth, which cannot be changed. The concept is useful in predicting that an individual will be susceptible to a particular disease. The aim of the study is to find that khalitya (Alopecia) is predominant in which of the three prakritis. It was found that prakriti plays its role in Alopecia and it is found mainly in pittaj prakriti individuals.

8

Authors: Aishwarya Pandey, Chandrakant Upadhyay2 and Saroj Parhate

Formulation in which all the constituent drugs are taken in a Khalva, properly mixed and subjected to Bhavana (levigation) with some indicated herbal media for specific times (for specific preparation) to achieve the final product without heating is known as Khalviya Rasayana (preparation with mortar and pestle). Tribhuvanakirti Rasa is a well-known Kharliya Rasayana. The aim of the present study is to compile all textual references of Tribhuvanakirti Rasa and to analyze them in comparative manner in terms of their composition, method of preparation, dose, indication, and contribution of various texts regarding these particular formulations. Through different texts 4 formulations have been describe, among all formulations termed as Tribhuvanakirti Rasa have been quoted by most seers, but only in the Rasaprakash Sudhakara was mention as Udarghna Rasa, and are well acclaimed for their antipyretic effect. Tribhuvanakirti Rasa containing Shodhita Hingula (purified cinnabar), Shodhita Vatsanabha (purified Aconitum ferox (Linn.)), and Shodhita Tankana (purified Borax) etc. as ingredients are used in Jwara (Fever) and the one with Tamra (Cupper), Gandhaka (Sulphur) and Parada (Mercury) is indicated in Udar Roga (abdominal diseases).

8

Authors: Sima A. Kurule, Lata A Rathod2 and Nirmala R Sonawane

Pharmacovigilance is the need of hour to keep an eye on the adverse drug reactions induced by all systems of medicine. A Drug or formulation produces adverse events if it is not procured, produced, and used as per the classical guidelines. Various classical preparations along with some proprietary formulations were manufactured by the developed pharmaceutical industries which have brought many challenges about safe use of Ayurvedic Medicines especially metallic preparations and herbo-mineral drugs of Ayurvda are always in doubt regarding safety and toxicity. Rasashastra is the alchemy of traditional Indian system of medicine which deals with the preparation of therapeutic products by using metals, minerals, animal products and toxic substances. Rasaushadhies were known to cure illnesses in a short time period, very small dosage, and also easily palatable. Being the pharmaceutical branch Rasashastra literature is full of standard methods to prepare various medicines, and it also mentioned adverse drug events occurred due to inaccuracy in the procedures accepted. In this review article an attempt was made to throw some light on origins of those adverse drug reactions mentioned in literature.

8

Authors: Anjali Sanjeev, SM Kapgate

Nicotine is responsible for the widespread narcotic habits in the world. Nicotine is the main active principle in Tobacco which is the most common overused product and the second major cause of death in the world. In India, tobacco use is characterized by a high prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Consumption of tobacco is responsible for one of the highest rate of oral cancer in the world and the incidence rate is increasing every year in a steady manner among young users. Smoking is responsible for large number of premature deaths in India. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant, acts on peripheral autonomic ganglia but later depresses or blocks. These factors greatly intensified the need to investigate and explore the increasing demand and systemic effects of Tobacco consumption. The present article is an endeavor to review the systemic effects of tobacco in nutshell. METHODS Scientific literature regarding tobacco were collected from various data bases from PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Journals and Textbooks. DISCUSSION Unlike smoking, females are equally indulged on pan tobacco chewing in India as it has gained social acceptance especially in economically backward class. Nicotine which is a hygroscopic volatile bitter liquid alkaloid is a fast-acting cardiac poison. The molecular identity of nicotinic receptors is responsible for drug seeking behavior and addiction of tobacco. CONCLUSION Tobacco is major cause of addiction and disease occurrence in Indian population. Hence awareness about the health issues caused due to nicotine addiction is recommended.

9

Authors: Arvind Kumar Yadav, Pankaj Gupta2 , Nisha Bhalerao3 , Swatantra Kumar Chourasia4 and Shiba Datta Panda5

The human body is a conglomeration of the Srotas. Holistic science of Ayurveda is based on Doshas, Ddhatu, Oja, Agni and Srotas etc. Srotasas are the micro channels of the body which provide platform for activities of Tridosh, Dhatu, Oja, Agni etc. In Ayurvedic classics the term Srotas is used as all the macro and micro channels and pathways operating in the living organism. One of them are Medovaha Srotas. The distribution of adipose cells in human body is prevalent in subcutaneous tissue, omentum, kidney, skeletal muscles, liver and this reconfirms the Moolasthana of Medovaha Srotas (Vrikka, Vapavahan, Kati) described by Charak and Shushruta. The vitiation of this Srotas can leads to Sthaulya /obesity, Prameh etc. Obesity can be defined as an excess depositions of body fat. The fat in the adipose tissue is derived from two main sources that is from food fat, carbohydrate & protein. Adipose cells are actually responsible for converting carbohydrate into fat. The excessive intake of fatty food, sedentary lifestyle, neuro-hormonal abnormality and genetic predisposition are leading causes of Obesity. It is the risk factor for many diseases like diabetes, CVA, hypertension, etc. In present scenario treatment of lifestyle disorder like obesity with modern system of medicine alone are not properly. Ayurvedic Science ÞSwasthasy Swasthya Rakshnam” ßlike Dincharya, Ritucharya etc. has great potential in preventing and treating life style disorders like obesity on the basis of description is mentioned in Ayurveda classics

10

Authors: Subhash Chand Yadav, Jeyabalan Govindasamy2 , ReeteshRamnani

A number of medicinal preparations in the Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda) have been used as effective hepatoprotective. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant, hepatoprotective activity and evaluation of effects on blood factors of Asphaltum punjabinum demonstrable in vivo and in-vitro by the inhibition of alcohol induced Wistar rat. In-vitro antioxidant activity of Asphaltum punjabinum was evaluated by various assays, including reducing power, lipid peroxidation, DPPH. Hepato protective activity as judged by the blood factors and serum enzymes levels viz. Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TBIL) and Direct Bilirubin (DBIL) as well as oxidant enzyme viz. Malon Dialdehyde (MDA) were prevented, while antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were elevated in liver tissues. Further histopathological examination of liver sections was carried out to support the induction of hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective efficacy. The results showed potent activities on reducing power, lipid peroxide, DPPH, Superoxide anion. The substantially elevated serum enzymes level shows acute or chronic hepatitis.The histopathological observations supported the biochemical evidences of hepato protection. Elevated level of SOD and decreased level of MDA further strengthened the hepatoprotective observations. It was found that Asphaltum punjabinum has potent antioxidant and hepato protective activity against alcohol induced hepatic damage in experimental animals.

14

Authors: Prakash Mahadev Sutar, Sunny C. Patil2 and Mrunal Akre

Ayurveda motivates to live a healthy and prosperous life. In disease condition many procedures and treatments are mentioned to regain state of health. For this various drugs from plant, animal and mineral origin are used; all these drugs are mentioned along with their properties. But there are continues involvement in the drugs in the evolving world. There are various drugs, herbs which are not mentioned in Ayurveda and hence there qualities are not mentioned. Such drugs need to be work on identification and evaluation of their Rasapanchaka on the basis of Ayurveda. After the proper knowledge of Rasapanchaka of a drug its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics can be explained on the grounds of Ayurveda. So one of such drug DhaulaPhindawri has been studied on certain subjects for evaluation of its Rasapanchak

5

Authors: Megha G, Divyasri R A

Skin is the largest organ in a human body. Dermatological problems are diagnosed by Paediatricians on a daily basis. Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatologic diseases, affecting about 1 to 2% of the world’s population. Most of the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been mentioned under the title of Kushta which have Saptakodravya sangraha. Kitibha Kushta is one of the chronic conditions, which requires repeated shodhana and shamana chikitsa. Newer approaches are to be sought to have a quicker and better healing of lesions and also to prevent its recurrence. This paper highlights the effect of Ikshu rasa basti in a case of Kitibha kushta (Psoriasis).

5

Authors: Chaya H, Manjula K, Mahamad Yunus S Nabooji and Prakash B Shivapur

Thyroid problems are among the most common endocrine disorders presently seen worldwide.Thyroid hormone regulates the metabolic action of the body. Improper secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland leads to thyroid disorders. Gandamala being one such disease having an eagle sight, one can conclude out that how modern era is influencing both body & mind status of the individual. Based on clinical features of Gandamala can be considered as thyroid disorder and is one among the mamsapradoshaja vikara. Hence in this study an attempt is made the observation of thyroid hormone changes in Gandamala. After the study it was observed that, T3 and FT3 were found raised in the clinically diagnosed cases of Gandamala. Thyroid function test with raised T3, FT3 and normal T4, TSH, FT4 can be considered as supportive diagnostic tool for Gandamala.

6

Authors: Atal Singh Kushwaha, Rajeev Shrivastav and Nitin Ujjaliya

This article reviews the approaches for bridging classical Ayurveda facts with clinical diagnosis. In doing so author extracted some useful concepts from the classics and tried to corelate them and apply them in clinical practice. Now a days new young graduates seems under confident and does not showing much interest in practicing Ayurveda for the society. This concept of tri sutra and its clinical relevance can play an important role in enhancing their faith and interest in practice, for that tri sutra concept i.e the unite of hetu linga and aushadha with knowledge of sroto-vigyan can be made clear and understood with their clinical applicability. Ayurveda science operates through tri skandh for both diseased and healthy persons. Unlike western medicines Ayurveda doesn’t deals in a standardized way or on a common note rather its person centered medicine science (purusham purusham bheekshy). Hence a soul ayurvedic understanding of a disease needs to be understood with its clinical correlation.

7

Authors: Anil Tomar, M B Gaur

According to Ayurveda human body is structured with different types of srotas. The term Srotas means channels or networks which are basic and essential parts of body. All srotas are closely connected with their particular origin (mulasthan). Mulasthan of srotas are the sites of utpati (formation), vahan (transportation) and sangrah (storage) of a particular constituent to which the srotas belongs. Rakta (blood) is one of the important functional connective tissue of body of which formation, transformation and transportation is carried out by raktvaha srotas and the mula of the raktvaha srotas are Yakrut and Pleeha. For blood circulation modern science especially mentioned the cardiovascular system, liver as a most important metabolic gland and spleen as lymphoid organ and part of reticuloendothelial system. Blood related concepts like – formation of RBCs (hemopoiesis), destruction of RBCs and reservoir of RBCs is rooted in liver and spleen (pleeha). In this article, the relationship between Pleeha (Spleen) and Rakta (Blood) is studied. Also, an effort has been made to discover the reasons for mentioning the Pleeha (Spleen) as mulasthana of raktvaha srotas.

8

Authors: Chaitra L V, Krishnamurthy M S and Jayalaxmi

Rasashastra a branch of Ayurveda that deals with Metals,Minerals,visha dravyas,animal origin drugs, Herbomineral/Herometallic preparation and it is emphasizing on various pharmaceutical process such as Sodhana, Jarana, Marana, etc samskaras for the better pharmacodynamics action. In Ayurveda, treatment is of three types that are Daiwa (therapeutics), Manushi (medicinal therapy), Asuri (therapy involving various hymens and rituals). Rasa oushadis (Herbomineral, Herbometallic) which comes under Daiwa chikitsa. Rasa oushadis are more effective with low dose, having palatable, quick action and it can be used to treat asadhya vyadhis. Atisara is a condition where watery stool (drava mala) are passed in excess several times a day through anus. In Rasashastra classics, a handful of Herbomineral formulations are indicated in Atisara. Almost 10 rasa yogas have been mentioned in Atisarahara adhikara of Bhaishajya rathnavalli, 18 rasa yogas in Abhinava Chintamani, 10 rasa yogas in Vaidyachintamani, 4 rasa yogas in Yoga Rathnakara and in Rasendra Sambhava, 6 rasa yogas in Rasa rathna sammuchaya are indicated in Atisara. Here an attempt made to compel the Rasa oushadis indicated in Atisara from few Rasa classical texts. The review indicates that the Rasa oushadis can be administred in different condition of Atisara with different anupanas and which are therapeutically effective.

8

Authors: Nirmala R Sonawane, Sima A Kurule, Lata A Rathod and Sandip LAute

Panchkarma being Ayurvedic treatment modalities gaining top rank in the treatment priority list of the patients now a day. As a result, almost every Ayurvedic physician desires to attract patients by providing various Panchakarma therapies. A Panchakarma treatment requires concise precision but is being modified to suit a contemporary lifestyle. Basti chikitsa is the most widely among Panchakarma and the most common degenerative disease-Janusandhigata vata in which basti is the most promising treatment was selected for the study. A randomized open single blind controlled prospective clinical trial was undertaken on 60 patients suffering from Janusandhigat vata to compare the traditional and recent methods of basti daan vidhi (drug delivery) and also to treat Sandhigat vata, Erandamool niruha and Tila taila anuvasan was used in yog basti manual. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 each. To group A (study group) basti was given by the traditional method and group B (control group) basti given by recent method. Clinical facts obtained from the study were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. The present study provides strong pieces of evidence that prove the effectiveness of the traditional method of basti daan over the recent methods in several aspects.

9

Authors: Lekhan K G, Mohammed Faisal2 and Niveditha Shetty

Aushadhavacharana refers to application of different Dravya in various vikara. Vikara is of two types Samanyaja and Nanatmaja vikaras. Kaphaja rogas have been given prime importance in classical literatures of Ayurveda. While treating any disease, selection of right, potent and useful drug is very important, here role of Pancha padarthas of Dravya plays an important role. The drugs having Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Rasa pradana, having Gunas like Laghu, Ushna, Ruksha, Tikshna, Vishada, Sukshma, Khara, ushna Veerya, Katu Vipaka can be selected for treating Kaphaja rogas effectively. The action of the Dravya is either by any one of the above Pancha padarthas or in combination, hence before selecting the Dravya to treat the disease proper, examination of Roga and Rogi is must. An effort is made to compel the knowledge about different avacharanas based on various concepts of Dravyaguna which can be selected by vaidya in treating Kaphaja rogas to get the fruitful results.

9

Authors: Hemlata Dixit, Anita Sharma, Mukesh Shrimal and Amol Kadu

Dadru is one of the common skin disease mentioned in ayurveda. In modern science the clinical manifestation of dadru is closely similar to local fungal infection/tinea infection which is affecting upto 15% of population. Excessive severe itching and red patches are the common clinical manifestation which can be diagnosed by darshana and prashanapariksha. Potassium hydroxide microscopy and fungal culture are the specific tools for diagnosis of fungal infection. Lepanaand Shamanachikitsa will help to cure Dadru.

10

Authors: Pallavi V Kashyap, Shrikanth P, Niveditha Shetty and Suchitra N Prabhu

Objective: To determine the Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical analysis of the whole plant of Matsyakshi(Alternanathera sessilis (L.)R.Br.ex.DC) and to analyze its results. Materials and Methods: Whole plant of Matsyakshi was examined for its macro-microscopic features and pharmacognostic standardization parameters were determined according to WHO guidelines. Parameters such as loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extractive values were determined. The preliminary phytochemical tests and HPTLC were performed for the identification and standardization of Alternanthera sessilis. Conclusion: The odor, color, surface texture of the plant was noted. Microscopic characteristics revealed the presence of starch grains in T.S of leaf, trichomes and rosette crystals in T.S of Stem,Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of steroids, tannins and coumarins. HPTLC analysis revealed that there are 11bands in long UV range, 5bands in short UV range and 5band after derivatization. In densitometry scan 10peaks at 254nm, 13peaks at 366nm and 8peaks at 620nm. The long UV range had more number of bands and fewer bands in short UV range.

12

Authors: Vidyarathna K H P M, Kulatunga R D H and Madhumalika L P C

Lekhaneya Dashakaya is mentioned in Charaka Samhita and it has Lekhana (scraping /corrosive action) potentials are practiced for reduction of body weight. It consists of ten ingredients as, Musthaka, Kushtha, Haridra, Daruharidra, Vachaa, Athivisha, Katurohini, Chitraka, Chirabilwa. and Haimawathi. The present study has been focused to find out Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics potentials of ingredients of Lekhaneya Dhashakaya and develop the hypothetical samprapthi of Athisthaulya. The secondary data was collected by authentic texts of Charaka Samhita, Ayurveda Aushadha Samgrahaya book series, Ayurveda Pharmacopeia of India book series, related web sites and scientific journals. Results revealed that Tikta (90%), Katu (80%) in Rasa, Laghu (100%), Ruksha (90%) in Guna, Ushna Veery (90%), Katu Vipaka (100%) and Kaphavatahara (50%) in Dosha karma were prominent pharmacodynamics potentials in Lekhaneya Dashakaya. Lekhana(100%), Deepana,(80%), Kaphaghna(70%), Pachana(60%), Krimighna(60%), Twak doshahara(50%), Shotahara(50%), Vedanasthapana(50%) and Jwaraghna(50%) were major pharmacokinetic potentials and hypolipidemic action (100%), anti-inflammatory action(90%), anti-diarrheal action(80%), hepatoprotective action(80%), anti – microbial action(80%) , hypoglycemic action (80%), anticancer (70%), anti-oxidant activity(70%), immunomodulatory action (70%) and anti -ulcer (50%) were the prominent pharmacological actions. While, Ruksha, Teekshna qualities cause to penetrate deeply in tissue level and scrap vitiated excessive accumulated medas due to Lekhana action, Kaphaghna action helps to expel excessive kapha and Amapachana and Agnideepana restore Jataraghni and Dathvagni. In addition, pharmacodynamic potentials and pharmacological properties of Lekhaneya Dashakaya have exhibited characteristic similarities. Thus, it can be concluded that Lekhaneya Dashakaya could be used in treating the Athisthaulya and it show multidimensional approach.

13

Authors: R. Padmavathi, Nousheen Fathima2 and Mohammed Abdul Samad

The goal of the current research was to explore the beneficial effect of integrating allopathic, ayurvedic, and probiotic treatment in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Wistar rats of either sex were divided into six groups. Group I received a single dose of vehicle rectally, group II received 2 ml of 3% v/v of acetic acid in 0.9% saline rectally, group III received mesalazine (100 mg/kg/p.o), group IV received Grahi (10 mg/kg/p.o), group V received mesalazine and Grahi and group VI received mesalazine, Grahi and sprolac (100 mg/kg/p.o). The Disease Activity Index (DAI) was measured during the treatment period. Blood was withdrawn white blood cell and differential leucocyte count at the conclusion of the research. The animals were sacrificed at the end of study period for the evaluation of intestinal inflammation, colonic microbial count, myeloperoxidase concentrations and histopathology under ether anesthesia. Combination treatment displayed a major beneficial impact relative to monotherapy in relieving colitis. Especially in comparison to monotherapy, total improvements in DAI, inflammatory ratings, white blood cells count, colonic microbial count and myeloperoxidase indicated a substantial improvement, reflecting the preference for combined therapy. Although monotherapy has also been successful in improving colitis, combined therapy has been even better. In colitis, the application of mesalazine and Grahi may be more helpful than monotherapy. In order to produce the most effective result in the treatment of colitis and other inflammatory intestinal disorders, probiotics may be prescribed as an adjuvant to the mixture of mesalazine and Grahi.

15

Authors: Khandate B. Maheshchandra, Amolshah M. Madavi2 and Patil Shilpa S

The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of gomutra yukta vaitarana vasti with dhanyamla yukta vaitarana vasti in the management of katishoola in 40 patients (20 in each group) from Govt. Ayurveda College Hospital, Tripunithura. Vaitarana vasti is one of such treatment modalities of Panchakarma which is directly indicated for vatavyadhis. It is mentioned in Chakradutta- Niruha-adhikara (73/32) and Vangasena - Vashtikarmadhikara (83/186-190) for the treatment of Katishoola. The selected patient will be subjected to deepana and pachana as purvakarma followed by Vaitarana vasti continuously for 5 days in both group of patients. After giving vasti, paschat karma and pathya-apathya will be followed accordingly. Base line data collection was done before and after treatment and during follow up in both the groups. As per the assessment criteria –Pain, Swelling, Stiffness, Tenderness, Range of movement and X-ray findings, Vaitarana vasti with Gomutra or Dhanyamla both were found to be effective in all the parameters taken for assessment statistically and clinically. According to observations and results obtained it was concluded that the Vaitarana vasti with Gomutra or Dhanyamla both were found to be highly effective in all the parameters taken for assessment of Katishoola.

4

Authors: Sreekala Vijayan, Amritha Aravind2 and Ashwinkumar S Bharathi

That part of the body which is elevated is termed as shotha (edema).It is also known as shopha or shvayathu.It is a very common symptom and accompanies a majority of diseases.It has been given outmost importance and a whole chapter in charakasamhita, discuss about Shothachikitsa (treatment for edema). Most of the acharyas consider visha (poison) to be one of the nidana (etymology) for shotha (edema). But vishajashotha has also been explained as a type of shotha (edema) in Madhava Nidana. In this article, vishajashotha along with its management has been briefed.

5

Authors: Suresh Kumar

Dysmenorrhoea is defined as painful menstruation so as to incapacitate day to day activities. A systematic review of studies in developing countries performed by Harlow and Campbell has revealed that about 25-50% of adult women and about 75% of adolescents experience pain during menstruation. Not less than 50% of women are said to experience some discomfort in relation to menstruation, and 5-10% of girls in their late teens and early twenties are incapacitated for several hours each month. Estimates vary widely because of difference in the criteria of dysmenorrhoea and because most investigations concern only one section of the community. The incidence of dysmenorrhoea is affected by social status, occupation and age, so groups of school girls, college students, factory workers, and women members of armed forces each provide different statistics. It has been seen in gynecological practice that patient with udavertini yonivyapad may be associated with the primary dysmenorrhoea. Charaka says that due to movement of flatus etc. natural urges in reverse direction, the aggravated vayu (apan vayu) moving in reverse direction fills yoni (uterus).This yoni (uterus) seized with pain, initially throws or pushes the raja (menstrual blood) upwards, then discharge it with great difficulty. The lady feels relief immediately following discharge of menstrual blood. Since in this condition the raja moves upwards or in reverse direction, hence, it is termed as udavartini.

6

Authors: Avni Parmar, Swati Bedekar2 and Nimesh Ka.Patel

Lifestyle disorder refers to a lifestyle-related disease and community-related conditions that increase or decrease health risks. Human life is very stressful in the present. Lifestyle disorders are mainly caused by poor diet (often sugar and fatty foods) and diet, lack of exercise (lifestyle), bad habits such as drinking alcohol, smoking, uncontrolled cravings, late sleep, daytime sleepiness and depression. Life is defined as the physical and mental capacity to perceive the needs of daily life. Yoga is the best option to prevent and manage lifestyle disorders, in particular, the effect of adoption to achieve work-related stress. The various forms of Yoga work on the principles of proper rest, proper exercise, proper smell - breathing, proper nutrition, beautiful wibes and meditation. Various routes such as Dincharya (daily type), Ritucharya (annual medicine), Rasayana treatment (rehabilitation), Sadvritta (appropriate rules and regulations) and Achara Rasayana (ethical) and Yogic practices are essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. psychological.

6

Authors: Rachna Jain, Shraddha Sharma

In Ayurveda along with Vata, Pitta, Kapha Doshas, Sukshma jantu (microorganism) are also supposed to be responsible for creating disease. Description regarding the management of krimi is available since Vedic period. Helminthic infestations contribute significantly to global burden of disease especially in tropical and subtropical region. Krimi have large variation in size complex life cycle and migratory habits with in their host and these account for an estimated billion infection each year. This clinical study has been carried out to study the effect of Vachadi Churna and Krimighna Basti on intestinal worms. In Group Vachadi Churna was administered to 25 patients whereas in Group B Krimighna Basti along with Vachadi Churna was administered to 25 patients. 65.61% and 80.90 % significant relief in symptoms was observed in both Groups respectively.

6

Authors: Santosh G. Girbide, Namrata U Kulkarni2 , Savita R Gudade3 , Milind Kamble4 and Sandeep Kale

Communication of every element with each other, transportation of each Bhava padartha i.e body element, transformation of every element into different forms all these functions are carried out by millions of channels or pathways present in our body termed as Strotasas. Annavaha strotasa is an essential strotasa as the major body function of digestion of food is carried out here. The conversion of food into sharir dhatus is initially carried out in Annavaha strotasa. Strotas-Parikshan is seldom tool to procure detail knowledge about physiological and pathological state of any strotasa. It also helps to understand severity of the disease. This article specifically focuses on detail study of Annavaha strotas, its pathological conditions. It also explains in detail the ayurvedic way that includes trividh pariksha, ashtavidh pariksha and examination from and modern point of view as well describing abdominal examination, lab investigations, etc.

7

Authors: Anita Choudhary

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an expanding global health problem widespread among all the socioeconomic groups, leading to various complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy which are responsible for morbidity and mortality. Ayurvedic approach to pathogenesis of Prameha can provide solution in managing the incidence of diabetes among population by using various preparations. This is a case study of newly diagnosed Prameha (type 2 diabetes mellitus) patient treated completely using Ayurvedic principles. In the present case report, a 54-year-old female patient was treated with Nishakatakaadi Kwath and Chandraprabha Vati. After 2 months of strict Ayurveda protocol which basically included Shamana therapy, the fasting blood sugar (202mg/dl initially then reduced to 84mg/dl post treatment) and Post Prandial sugar level (From 327mg/dl initially then to 96mg/dl after treatment) decreased profoundly. The present study indicates that the Nishakatakaadi Kwath and Chandraprabha Vati are effective in the treatment of Prameha (Diabetes).

7

Authors: Shravani R. Babar, Ramchandra P. Babar

Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) are occurring commonly because of lack of cleaning or lack of effective disinfectant that can kill all the micro-organisms which spread through hospital environment. K.Pneumonie is very commonly found organisms in hospital environment and can be spread through person to person. Arishta Dhoopana Yoga is a Dhoopana yoga described by Acharya Kashyapa in Kashyap samhita dhoopkalpadhya to kill Rakshasa (Krumi, microorganisms), it is a herbal preparation of Nimba, with antimicrobial effect, easy for preparation, cost effective dhoopana yoga (fumigation agent). Arishta Dhoopan Yoga fumigation showed significant antimicrobial activity as good as formalin fumigation. Herbal fumigation (Arishta Dhoopan Yoga) is best possible and cost effective infection control measure for some specific microorganism (K.Pneumoniae). Herbal fumigation (ArishtaDhoopan Yoga) has no hazardous effects on human body. So, this Herbal fumigation (Arishta Dhoopan Yoga) can be considered for routine hospital fumigations. Fumigation effect of Arishta Dhoopan Yoga and Formalin were compared on K. pneumoniae. (Prepared in the form of agar slant) sprayed glass experimental chambers of 1M3 . The colony forming units (CFUs) of K. pneumoniae by taking swabs for the culture, before fumigation (at 0 Minute) and after fumigation (at 30 minutes, 3 Hours) were recorded. The observations of each group and intra group were compared. Significant results were noted in CFUs after fumigation in each group. Arishta Dhoopan Yoga showed significant effect after fumigation.

7

Authors: MD Haidar, Sarwar Hussain Ansari2 and Rajarshi Chaudhuri

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the primary cause of incapacity affecting function and development in childhood. In India approximate incidence of cerebral palsy is around 3 per 1000 live births. It is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder of cerebral origin. It includes different variety of clinical features of various etiology and severity starting from slight disability to absolute handicap. It is typically caused by an injury to the brain before, during or after birth, however there could be no obvious single reason. Although clinical features of CP changes from individual to individual but all person with CP have difficulties with movement and posture. Many also have related conditions such as intellectual disability, seizures, problems with vision, hearing, or speech, changes in the vertebrae (such as scoliosis), or joint problems (such as contractures). Considering all these characteristic features, Cerebral Palsy can be correlated to Vatavyadhi, that may manifest as such in any form like ekangavata, sarvangavata, pakshaghata, pangu, kampavata etc. Although Cerebral Palsy cannot be treated, treatment will generally enhance a child’s abilities. Swedana (sudation) is the therapy that relieves the Stambha (Stiffness) of the body, mitigate feeling of Guruta (Heaviness) and Sheeta (feeling of cold). Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda comes under the category of Saagni Sweda with Snigdha Dravya as milk and Shali Dhanya (rice harvested in 60 days). It has Snigdha, Guru, Sthira, Sheeta, Tridoshaghna and Brimhana guna (nourishing properties). In this article, an attempt has been made to search the research conducted on Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda to establish its role in Cerebral Palsy.

8

Authors: Rahul Parashar, Abhimanyu Kumar2 , Pramod Kumar Mishra2 and Brahmanand Sharma

The new infection, a worldwide danger brought about by novel Corona virus or COVID-19 was first found in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The proof from investigations of cases was that COVID-19 contamination caused gentle infection in about 80% of cases and most cases recuperate, 14 % had more serious sickness and 6% experience basic illness2 . It was accounted for that more seasoned men with clinical comorbidities were bound to get tainted and that too with more awful results. Extreme cases could even prompt heart injury, respiratory disappointment, intense respiratory pain condition and death3 . There was no treatment and prevention available and there was no pre-existing resistance in the population. The only way for breaking the disease transmission was quarantine of the healthy people and isolation of the infected. In India the Govt. of India started the full nationwide Lock down from 25 march 2020 for 21 days and extended it to 31 may 2020 in four phases. Phase 5 was running from 1 June 2020 only at contentment zones4 . While from 8 th June 2020 unlock one was started5 . During this period so many restrictions were started on human life. So, the daily routine of most of the people was locked or transformed. In this concern so many health challenges and changes were happened with unknowing the results of them. A study on impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physiological health, economy and social life of people in Jodhpur was done. A study was conducted by Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurveda university Jodhpur in 2020, found that 53.8% of respondents rated the physiological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe. Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), as well as the poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression. Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were also related with a lower physiological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.

8

Authors: Devendra Kumar, Shrinidhi Kumar K

Cerebral palsy is a brain disease with non-progressive degeneration of brain tissues. Spastic cerebral palsy accounts for a major portion of CP with incidence between 60% -70% of all cerebral palsy case. Various Panchakarma procedures like Snehana (body massage with medicated oil), Swedana, Udwartana (medicated powder massage), Shirodhara, Lepa and Basti (oil and decoction enemas) etc are found to be beneficial in the management of hypertonicity in children. All these Panchakarma procedures improve flexibility of joints, improves circulation and reduces pain. It improves gross as well as fine motor functions, provides nourishment, improves overall general condition and quality of life in children with hypertonicity.

8

Authors: Shail Bala Mehar, Chandan Singh2and Renu Sharma

Ayurveda has given emphasis to various diseases, mutraghata is one of them. Mutraghta is a condition in consequence with some kind of obstructive uropathy either mechanical or functional, reassembling in to either partial or complete retention of urine. The twelve types of mutraghata (urine retention) are classified in Ayurveda classical text books. Being urinary system responsible for homeostasis of fluids in the body it also detoxifies the body by eliminating certain waste products through urine. When diseased, people produce symptoms such as, increased or decreased urine production, painful micturition, formation of stones, and thereby obstructed micturition, increased frequency of micturition which can be correlated to Muttraghata in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, there are many herbs with varied actions specifically aimed at mitigating urinary system disorders. Acharya charak has explained about mutravirechaniye mahakashya in charak Samhita. Which is used to increase the formation of urine and these drugs are used for the treatment of urine retention which forms the major clinical feature of renal or urinary calculi, burning micturition, scanty urine and oliguria.

9

Authors: Renu Sharma, Anita Sharma2 , Shailbala Mehar3 and Pooja

Early aging refers to a condition in which physical changes occur significantly earlier than the natural stages of the body. In the current era changes in our lifestyle, environmental disaster, pollution, war or conflict, over-emotional and stress, high intake of fast-food, lack of physical activity leads to premature ageing. Skin wrinkles, dry skin and weak or unhealthy looking nails, Stiff joints, mild aching (especially in the legs and feet),tired & poor memory, grey hair or hair loss, insomnia, Sluggish bowel movements, bloating, hypertension, heart stroke, atherosclerosis etc. these are the symptoms of early ageing. In ayurvedic classics the importance of dincharya i.e. daily regimen which is said by the Sages for human being to be prevent early ageing and enhance longevity. To prevent early ageing and enhance longevity Dincharya (Daily routine) procedures like brahmmuhurta jagaran, malotsarg vidhi, dantdhavan, jihva nirlekhan, anjan, nasya, kavla, dhumrapana, abhangya, vyayam, udwartan, snana etc. are gives in details along with their indication, benefits, procedure, role in current scenario and time also when to use them. Hence, this paper will give you an idea of how to prevent or even reverse signs of early ageing through dincharya (daily routine).

10

Authors: Neetu Sharma, Suresh Kumar

Acharyas described the disease (Sandhigata vata) as name of Sandhigatanile with symptoms of Shotha (edema), Vatapurnadritisparsha (on palpation revealed as air filled bag) and pain with Prasarana and Akunchana (movement).In old age, all Dhatus undergo Kshaya (degeneration), Thus leading to Vataprakopa and making individual prone to many diseases. Among them Sandhigata Vata (Osteoarthritis) stands top in the list. Having the symptoms like pain, swelling, crepitus and restricted joint movements. Ayurveda highlighted degenerative diseases under the concepts like “Dhatu Saithilyam” and “Dhatu Kshayam”. Sandhigata Vata is one of such disease, which needs a specific target of therapeutic intervention to check or slow down the process of "DhatuKshaya" and to pacify Vata. It limits everyday activities such as walking, dressing, bathing etc., thus making individual handicapped. We can correlate Sandhigata Vata with osteoarthritis (OA) on the basis of clinical features. According to data produced by the Dutch institute for Public Health, The prevalence of Knee OA in those aged 55 and above was 15.6% in men and 30.5% in women, respectively. Panchtikta Guggulu Ghrita may be effective in the management of Sandhivata (Osteoarthritis).

10

Authors: Upasna, O P Singh2 , Shweta Shukla3 , Deshraj Singh4 , Vishal Saxena5 and Sarita Yadav

Background: Hypertension is an important problem in the scenario of public health, owing to its more prevalence. Nearly 7.1 million lives are lost every year due to poor control of Hypertension. Hypertension is also known as “Silent Killer” of mankind because most sufferers (85%) are asymptomatic and as per available reports, in more than 95% cases of Hypertension, underlying causes are not found. The present study was carried out with an objective to find an alternative, reliable, safe and cost effective treatment for Hypertension and to study the etiopathogenesis of Hypertension in terms of Ayurveda. Study design: The study was “Single Blind Study” conducted on 60 patients of Essential Hypertension of either sex. Patients were randomly recruited to two Groups (30 each). In Group A, patients were subjected through an Ayurvedic formulation prepared in the form of Vati with ingredients as Jatamansi, Arjuna, Gokshura, Mandukparni, Sarpagandha and Tagara. In Group B patient were subjected through Amlodipine (5mg). Results: We can conclude that the overall effect of Group A (Ayurvedic formulation) was better in relieving the symptoms of Hypertension than that of Group B (Amlodipine). While in reducing Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure both Groups shows highly significant result. Discussion: All the ingredients of self formulated drug (Vati) basically have Hridaya, Medhya, Mutrala, Vata Anulomaka, Nidrajanana and Raktadabashamaka effect. Almost all the drugs have Tridoshahara properties. The preparation mainly has Tikta Kashaya Pradhana Rasa, Laghu, Snighda Guna, Sheeta Virya, Katu Vipaka which helps in management of Hypertension. Conclusion: The overall effect of Group A was better than Group B in relieving the symptoms while the effect of both groups in controlling Blood Pressure was similar. Moreover, no side effects were observed in patients during and after the treatment so, it can be concluded that the patients of Hypertension can be managed effectively by Ayurveda without fear of side effects as seen in Anti-hypertensive drugs.

10

Authors: Pooja Upadhyay, Kirti Sharma2 , S. R. Inchulkar3 and Yuvraj Kaushik

Agada tantra is the branch of Ashtanga Ayurveda, which was developed in ancient time. Agada tantra is the system of knowledge for conquering poisons. In ancient times most of the poisoning was from poisonous snake bites. Therefore learning about treatment of poisoning is a good way towards service to the public health. Acharya Charaka has explained twenty-four modalities of treatment which are to be employed while treating poison cases according to the need. Chaturvinshati upakramas are unique in the management of poisons. It can be seen that most of them are based on same principle of modern medicine. Chathurvinshathi upakramas is common for all types of Visha i.e., Sthaavara, Jangama, Gara, Dooshi visha etc. In most of the cases Upakramas should be selected by the physician on the basis of the type of Visha Prakruti (constitution), Saatmya (compatibility), Ritu(season), Desha (place), Vega(impulse) and Balaabala (strength and weakness of both the patient and poison). On detail study & after comparison, it was found that these 24 modalities of treatment are complete in terms of treatment of poisoning.

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Authors: Narayan Pandey, Anita Sharma2 and Shankar Gautam

Poisoning being the major health problem in modern era which is increasing day by day. There are different sources from where people are consuming poison directly or indirectly. Now a days poisoning is found everywhere, like junk food with chemical preservatives, different kinds of growing things like rice, wheat or vegetables which contains pesticides. Water, air, soil is being polluted due to different human behaviour, which causes interfere with human health. According to Ayurvedic point of view, there are different types of poison like Sthavar Visha, Jangam Visha, Gara Visha, Dushi Visha. So, after taking such poison shows harmful effect in human health which leads different kinds of diseases to death. So, to protect from such kinds of poisoning Ayurveda has mentioned different types of detoxifying (antidotes) Dravyas that helps to diminish or destroy the poisonous effect in human body. Aacharya Charak has mentioned ten Vishaghna Kashaya named as Vishaghna Mahakashaya. Among them Haridra is one. Haridra which belongs to Vishaghna Gana has Ruksha, Laghu Guna, with Tikta, Katu Rasa, with Katu Veepaka, and Ushna Virya with Kapha Vata Shamak properties. Haridra show detoxifying activity with anti-inflammatory, anti-bactericidal, anti-fungal, anticarcinogenic effect.

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Authors: Amit Man Joshi1, Sirjana Shrestha2 , Ram Adhar Yadav3 , Ruby Bajracharya4 and Jitendra Shrestha

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern in the Southeast Asia region (SEAR) , where more than 87.6 million people are living with diabetes. Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar) , a medicinal herb, is commonly used as herbal medicine to treat diabetes. Objectives: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) among patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nepal. Materials and Methods: The present study was an open-label uncontrolled clinical trial. Eligible participants were patients aged 30 to 60 years and diagnosed with T2DM. A total of 43 eligible participants were supplemented with 6 gm of G. sylvestre, daily for 4 weeks during the study period. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated by comparing data at baseline and at 4 weeks after starting treatment using chi-square and student's t- test. Results: There was a decrease in the fasting and post-prandial glucose levels of the participants by 19.3% and 16.7%, after treatment with G. sylvestre, respectively. There were no significant changes observed in other clinical variables before and after treatment with G sylvestre. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of G sylvestre leaf has a potential hypoglycemic action in patients with T2DM. However, further studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effect of G sylvestre in T2DM.

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Authors: Ankesh Sharma, Saroj Parhate2 , K S Karbhal3 and Anil Kumar

Kupipakva rasayana are unique pharmaceutical procedure where in the medicinal preperation shuddha Parada, shuddha Gandhaka and any of other rasadravya (metals and minerals) paka is done by giving agni into gradual increase in temperature for specific time in a Kacha Kupi (glass bottle) resulting in rasayana effect, so it is called Kupipakva Rasayana. Kupipakva Rasayana kalpana have always been known for their absolute potency and quick in action even in smaller dosage. These formulations have wide range of therapeutic utility. Rasasindura is a one among basic most common preparation used as kupipakva Rasayana. This is largely produced and marketed by pharmaceutical companies, because of its sukshma and Tikhshna guna it has strong penetrating power to reach the pathological site quick in action, required minimal therapeutic dose, easy to administration and longer stability. They are having more potent compare to pure herbal preparation.

5

Authors: Meenakshi Sharma, Ashiya2 and L P Dei

Hyperprolactinemia can be defined as a condition of elevated prolactin levels in blood & it’s prevalence is 3% to 67% in PCOS women. In women, normal range of serum prolactin is 1-25 ng/mL. Hyperprolactinemia causes amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea in 30% women with anovulatory infertility. After delivery, it give rise to production of breast milk. In the modern therapy, Bromocriptine or cabergoline are advised which further manifest GIT symptoms, breast pain and painful menses. AIMS & OBJECTIVE – To evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic Drugs in the management of hyperprolactinemia associated with PCOS. MATERIALS & METHODS - An unmarried women aged 28 years with complaints of irregular and scanty menses since 2 years & her Investigation shows altered LH:FSH ratio (>2:1) and confirmed PCOS by USG was treated with Stanayasodhana Gana powder. It was given orally for three month in dose of 6 gms BD with Lukewarm water empty stomach. Along with medication, lifestyle modification was also done. RESULT & DISCUSSION – Serum prolactin levels reduced from 34.73 ng/Ml to 22.87ng/mL & LH, FSH ratio was reduced from >2:1 to 1.2:1. CONCLUSION –It is concluded that hyperprolactinemia associated with the PCOS can be managed through Ayurvedic treatment protocol without any hormonal therapy.

5

Authors: Susheela Choudhary, Sonu2 and Sushila Sharma

Fibroadenomas are benign diseases of breast. It is a benign encapsulated tumour occurring commonly in young females of 15 -25 years of age. Although the peak incidence of disease is between the second and third decades of life, it is not uncommon in postmenopausal women, with an increased incidence after hormone replacement therapy. Presently it is considered as hyperplasia of a single lobule of the breast (classified under ANDI). A 55 years old female visited the OPD of Prasuti & Stree roga, NIA, Jaipur with the complaints of lump feeling and pain in right breast since 1 year. USG report showed mixed echogenic lesion of size 9 × 9 mm in superior periareolar region showing central moving echoes and few minimally ectatic ducts are seen emanating from lesion at 11-12 o clock position shows chronic infective / inflammatory nodule. Based on the symptoms and investigations, patient was diagnosed as a case of Stangranthi (benign breast disease i.e. fibroadenoma). Thus, kanchnar guggulu, Varunadi Kashaya, Haridra khand and Triphala churna were selected for the management and follow up was done after every 15 days. Patient showed marked improvement in all symptoms and USG report comes normal after taking treatment for 3 months. Kanchnar Guggulu, Varunadi Kashaya, Haridra khand and Triphala churna showed significant result in management of fibroadenoma Breast.

6

Authors: Preeti Choudhary, Naresh Jain

Pre menstrual syndrome is a Psycho-neuro-endocrine disorder of unknown etiology also described as Pre Menstrual Tension or PMT. The exact cause is not known but some hypothesis in modern medical science are postulated. Symptoms of the PMS is seen few days prior to menstruation. It may be related to childbirth or a disturbing life event. Up to 80% of women of child-bearing age report having some symptoms prior to menstruation. These PMS is more frequently encountered in middle aged women 30-45years. Also as per the Ayurveda science there is no specific reference of PMS. Artava-chakra or Ritu chakra is classified in three kala due to its specific pattern of Dosha dominancy as Ritukala , Ritu-vyateetkala & Rajakala .The symptoms of PMS can be referred as Ritu-vyateetkala As well as symptoms of Pitta-avritta-vyana vayu in Ayurvedic concept. Pitta-avritta Vyana vaayu can be managed by the line of treatment of Avarana.

7

Authors: Rashi Sharma, Sunil Kumar2 , Sandeep M. Lahange

The science of Marma is one of the special facets which is intensely elaborated in Ayurveda. Marma are vital points on the body which when injured or traumatized leads to deformity and sometimes even death. Although Marma points are said to be fatal but they are also considered as seat of Prana. So, Prana stimulation or flow of energy can be regularized by means of Marma therapy. In present era in spite of various treatment modalities in orthopedic field, we came across various types of post treatment deformities in case of joints trauma. By the collaborative approach of modern modalities and Marma therapy we can get much better results in restoring the joint abilities. Working in this direction it is very much required that we explore the Marma as they are given in very concise form in classics of Ayurveda. So, in this paper we have put our utmost efforts to elaborate the anatomical location, structure, traumatic symptoms of Kurpar Marma with the help of both Ayurveda and Modern Literature. This will lead to better understanding of Kurpar Marma and ultimately advancement in Marma therapy with relatively less occurrence of deformities.

7

Authors: Varsha S Dhage, Pratibha Chougule

The tongue is a vital organ for chewing and swallowing food, as well as speech. The tongue is an important accessory organ in the digestive system. Therefore, it deserves proper care and maintenance. If we neglect, then it can affect the rest of the mouth. Oral cancer is becoming the most common disease in the world. Besides this, there are various types of tongue disorders, which are also becoming a big problem for the populations. In Ayurveda, cleaning of the tongue (Jivhanirlekhana Karma) has been described to maintain tongue hygiene, to prevent tongue disorders & also to improve digestive system. So, here we have discussed about the common tongue disorders in Ayurvedic as well as modern aspects.

8

Authors: Matangee Pandya, Shilpa B. Donga2 , C R Harisha3 and V J Shukla4

BACKGROUND Punarnavadi Guggulu is a combination of herbal drugs having a numerous number of references with different contents in ayurveda classics. But its qualitative data hadn’t been explored thoroughly yet. It is indicated in Twagdosha, Shotha, Udara, Panduroga, Sthaulya, Prasek and Udhwakapha Amaya.It is also used gynecological disease, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Genito urinary tract infection and in disease where according to ayurveda Pitta-Kapha Doshas are vitiated. AIM - To develop pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of Punarnavadi Guggulu. MATERIALS AND METHODS - Study included preparation of Punarnavadi Guggulu following all SOPs using raw drugs, which were previously authenticated. Later, Punarnavadi Guggulu was subjected to pharmacognostical, physicochemical and HPTLC analysis as per standard protocols. RESULT AND DISCUSSION - The pharmacognostical study revealed the presence of starch grains, starch cells, rhomboid crystals, tannin, lignified fibers, stone cells, epidermal cells, cork cells, border pitted vessel, Chollenchyma cell, crystalline material, etc,. Pharmaceutical analysis showed that the average weight 320.7 g, Maximum weight was 357 g, Minimum weight was 251 g, loss on drying value was 11.5% w/w, Ash value was 10.9% w/w, Acid in soluble extractive was 3.51 % w/w. Disintegration time was more than 1 hour, Water soluble extract was 30.24% w/w, Methanol soluble extract was 20.12% w/w, pH was 5. Methanolic extract of Punarnavadi Guggulu shows presence of carbohydrates, steroids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids. HPTLC fingerprinting profile was revealed 9 spot in both 254 nm and 366 nm. CONCLUSION - The present investigation will be helpful in assessing the pharmacognostical, phytochemical analysis and laying down pharmacopoeial standards for Punarnavadi Guggulu.

8

Authors: Priya Darshani Koul, Yadavendra Yadav2 , Usha Sharma3 , Shuchi Mitra4 , and Khem Chand Sharma

Bhaishajya Kalpana is the branch of Ayurvedic medicine that deals with the collection, selection, purification of drugs, study of their nature and combination as well as preparation, preservation and posology. Ancient extraction techniques had been in practice under this branch. Herbs show pharmacological action by means of their active ingredients. Depending upon the type of active constituent of the drug, different extraction techniques are being used. With the evolution of Panchvidha Kashaya Kalpana in Samhita kala, the extraction of crude drugs came into light. In modern pharmaceutical science, there are many advanced and refined techniques for the extraction of active ingredient(s)/principle of a drug. And various researches are being done to extract the active ingredient(s) of a drug to increase its potency and decrease its dose. Although new extraction technologies are on the rise, having both advantages and limitations, conventional extraction methods have their own edge. The present paper is aimed to focus on the chemistry of these conventional methods.

9

Authors: Matangee Pandya, Shilpa B Donga2 , C R Harisha3 and V J Shukla

Introduction Panchavalkaladi Taila is described in charak samhita in Yonivyapad chikitsa Adhyaya. Panchavalkaladi Taila is containing Vata, Udumbara, Pipala, Plaksha, Parisha, Shallaki, Jingini, Jambu and Dhava, which have properties of Kashaya and Tikta Rasa, Sthambhaka, Shothahara, Vranaropana. It is indicated in Vipluta, Upapluta and Paripluta Yonivyapad. This formula can be use in all infectious and inflammatory gynecological disorders i.e. pelvic inflammatory disease, valvovaginitis, white discharge, etc. Panchavalkaldi Taila is a less explored formulation and so it is to be studied in details for standardization of its qualitative analysis. Aim The present study was aimed to set a manufacturing protocol and to develop pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of Panchavalkaladi Taila Materials and Methods Preparation of Panchavalkaldi Taila, all SOPs using raw drugs i.e. previously authenticated raw drugs, subjected to pharmacognostical, qualitative parameters and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis as per standard protocols were included in study. Result and Discussion The pharmacognostical study revealed the presence of characteristics features of all the drugs present in the composition. Pharmaceutical analysis showed that specific gravity at 400C is 0.9163, Refractive index at 400C is 1.48, Acid value is 3.2712, Saponification value is 150.24, Iodine value is 86 g. HPTLC fingerprinting profile of Panchavalkaladi Taila revealed 08 spots at 254 nm and 05 spots at 366nm. Conclusion The present investigation will be helpful in assessing the pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis for Panchavalkaladi Taila.

10

Authors: Jasobanta Dansana, Kishan Singh

Life style disorders refer to diseases associated with the way a person or group of people lives. Diet and lifestyle are major factors thought to influence susceptibility to this kind of diseases. With rapid economic, technical development and advancement in every field and especially increasing westernization the lifestyle of common man has completely changed which is leading to many common health problems notably stress, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, allergic disorders and thyroid disorders and many more. Lack of exercise, use of preserved and junk food, smoking habits, and alcohol intake also increase risk of developing these types of diseases esp. later in life. The pragyapradha which has been mentioned as one important causative factor for the production of diseases is mainly responsible for lifestyle disorders. Ayurveda being science of life describes the basic things like dinacharya, ritucharya, aahara and vihara for the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases. Recently discovered SARC-COV-2 virus is a reason for a contagious disease called Covid-19, which is started from Wuhan, China on December 19, which is spreading to the entire world. World health organization declared it as a Pandemic disease. Not only its high rated of disease person but also spreads fast, its treatment is based on symptoms the important part is the vaccine is not developed yet. So, the whole world is looking towards Ayurveda for its preventive as well as a curative aspect. Ayurveda has mentioned Pandemic disease under the heading of Janapadodhwansa and Infectious disease under Jwar (all typesof fever), Kustha (skin disease), Agantuj (Disease due to external factor), Bhoot graham pida (Disease due to external factor). Ayurveda is the mother branch of medical science; it gives brief treatment not only on physical levels but also at psychic and spiritual levels. Now time shows Ayurveda principles in front of the world.

10

Authors: Ekta Sharma, Nitika Sharma2 and Vinod Kumar Gautam

Oral cavity is considered to be the mirror of body’s internal mechanism. Hence a lot of efforts must be made to keep it healthy from chronic conditions which may lead to not so pleasant results. One of such chronic debilitating condition of oral cavity involves the formation of constricting bands of collagen fibre, build in a progressive manner in the oral mucosa resulting in restricted movement of mouth and tongue ultimately leading to hindered or problematic speech and difficulty in swallowing food termed as Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). In modern parlance, many medicinal and surgical modalities have been put forth in use but the results yielded are not much satisfactory and on the other hand owe to recurrence and adverse effects. On analysing the symptomatology of OSMF with Ayurvedic classics, it can be considered as Vata Pitta Pradhana Sarvasara Mukharoga. Here, an effort was made to treat a 65 years old female, well diagnosed case of OSMF through Ayurvedic modalities. In this case study, patient was treated at both local and systemic level. Local modalities like Vrana Shodhaka and Vrana Ropaka Pratisarana (Rubbing) & Kavala (Gargling) stop the progression of the disease and these local therapies prevent and reverse the fibrosis and improve the muscular movements of mouth. Systemic therapy brings homeostasis and enhance the vitality of the oral mucosa. This case report showed that Ayurvedic treatment modalities are promising in the management of OSMF and capable of increasing the quality of life of the patient.

11

Authors: Aniket Anil Shilwant, Purva Sushilkumar Bharde

Charak Samhita is one of the ancient and globally accepted treatise on medicine from the school of Ayurveda. The arrangement of the contents of this treatise is worth to be appreciable. In Sutra Sthan, Roga Chatushka is the tetrad of chapters from Charak Samhita explaining diseases, where Maharogaadhyaya is one of them. It is noteworthy that, the ancient scholar Acharya Charak had a keen knowledge of numerology and systematic presentation of contents too. The validity and authenticity of the contents is proven from time to time till date. Tridosha is the cornerstone of the Ayurveda which are seen as group of properties coming together due to sharing of similar elementary origin. Dosha have certain group of properties which are not separable from the preformed cluster, this is Atma Guna. So, Dosha by the virtue of this Atma Guna are having typical tendency to create a typical set of symptoms. This is seen in any diseases when looked into subtypes formed due to Dosha. This article highlights the contents mentioned in Maharoga Adhyaya of Charak Samhita in terms of extensive ability of Dosha to create numerous diseases.

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Authors: Rekha Phull, Gaurav Phull2 and Dimple Agarwal

At present, the whole world is struggling in dealing with the sudden outbreak of pandemic of COVID-19. The healthcare system across the globe is found wanting and inadequate. Ayurveda has been the benchmark of healthcare system of India for ages. The rich heritage of our ancient science was certainly overlooked and ignored to some extent in last century, due to emergence of Allopathic system of medicine. The literature of Ayurveda has ample references of epidemics/ pandemics, different pathogens and anti-viral remedies, which clearly indicate towards the potential of Indian system of medicines to deal with viral infections in an efficient way and this is now being explored in form of various clinical trials. The herbal remedies are a boon for improving immunity. In present scenario, China has dealt with this viral outbreak using its traditional medical system along with western science quite efficiently. In India however, the Indian system was majorly kept aside initially, but gradually its importance was appreciated by the government and at present utility of AYUSH is being explored by encouraging the trials. This is a welcome step as the modern science is also not very sure about the definitive treatment and they also are trying to manage with different combinations. Therefore, in this paper we will try to highlight the importance of our ancient medical system in dealing with this menace. Material and Methods: The required data was collected from library of our institutes, online publications, Web-portals like Medscape, current news updates, AYUSH website and ancient texts of Ayurveda. Conclusion: There are still some unexplored areas in potential of Ayurveda to manage this pandemic more effectively. Vast potential of Indian system of medicine is a definite advantage in strengthening the available workforce of health system in our country to boost our fight against the present outbreak.