International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

6

Authors: Pooja, Monika and Anil Bhardwaj

Introduction- Low backache is the common complaint of our country as it affecting all sorts of occupational groups. Over 90% of back pain instances arouse suddenly during physical loading of back and this is the main reason for the prolapse of lumbar inter vertebral disk. The term lumbar osteoarthritis, disc degeneration, degenerative disc disease and lumbar spondylosis are used in the literature to describe anatomical changes. In Ayurvedic texts term “Pristhagraha” represented as independent disease in Vatananatamaj Vyadhis and also as symptom of other diseases. It is not only the symptom but if remains untreated can also cripple the patients by its neurological consequences. Material and methods- Literature related to Pristhagraha and low back ache was studied. A case study was carried out at R.G.G.P.G.Ayu.Hospital, Paprola to evaluate the effect of Vaitaran Vasti and Saindhwadya TailaAnuvasan. Case Report- A female patient of age 35 years came in Hospital with complaints of pain in bilateral lower back with difficulty in bending downward. She was treated for 16 days with Panchkarma procedures Vaitarana Vasti and Saindhwadya Taila Anuvasan. Discussion- Clinical symptoms were significantly reduced and degree of flexion was increased. Conclusion- The general condition of patient becomes better than previously with good follow up results without any adverse effects.

7

Authors: Mansi and Shamsa Fiaz

Nasal polyps are benign masses of edematous nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. It has become a challenging problem in recent years. In modern science, it is clinically stabilized by medications but not curable as there is recurrence of disease even after surgical interventions. As per Ayurveda texts, nasal polyp can be considered as Nasarsha and its treatment principle is same as of Arsha (Hemorrhoids). In present case study, a 24 year old male patient came with complaint of nasal obstruction and recurrent attacks of cold with CT scan findings of sinonasal polyposis. He was treated with local application of Tuttha along with Nasya therapy, Nasapichu and oral medications. There was significant improvement in patient complaints and marked reduction in polypoidal mass.

7

Authors: Chithra G Nair, Chaithra G T and Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P

Sneha kalpana is one of the pharmaceutical preparations where both aqueous and lipid soluble active principles are extracted. In Ayurvedic classics we find the references regarding the importance of 3 pakas of sneha. All of them are told to have their own therapeutic utility be it internal or external. In the present study, Ksheerabala Taila was subjected to pharmaceutical and analytical parameters in the 3 stages- Mrudu, Madhyama and Khara paka. Pharmaceutically, it was found that Mrudu paka had more output and Khara paka; the least. The analytical values got for each paka may be justified by considering the therapeutic uses of each paka.

7

Authors: Sharma Rashmi and Radhey Shyam Sharma

A number of women of reproductive age all over the world suffer from the hormonal disorder “polycystic ovarian disease” (PCOD). PCOD is common endocrine disorders in women. In Ayurveda, we will not get any direct reference of PCOD. Indirectly PCOD may be correlated with Kshaya of Artava1 or with one of the type of Jataharani (i.e. Pushpaghni) described by Acharya Kashyapa2 . In this case study Vaman Karma is done for Shodhan effect along with Garbhashya Shodhak & Shulahar properties of Dashmula Kashaya and Granthihara, Bhedaneeya and Lekhaneeya Guna of Kanchanar Guggulu vati and Prashanvajrak Rasa in a present case study on PCOD. The selected drugs for case study was purchased from the local market. Shodhan Karma (Vaman) along with this Shaman Yoga remarkably improved the functions of female genital organs (especially ovaries). After this treatment, successful conception is achieved in that patient.

8

Authors: Neeraj Kanungo and Vijayata Kanungo

Amavata isadisease that occurs due to the disturbed ama and vata. It mainly affects elderly population and it isdifficult to cure if not treated in early stages. Various analgesic, antiinflammatory and steroidal drugs are used for the management of disease. However, the drug which offers complete relief and acts on root cause of the disease is yet to be developed. The use of long term therapy also exposes humans towards various side effects of medicine; therefore it is very essential to find out any safe remedy for the management of such disorders. Considering this fact an attempt has been made to prove efficacy of Ayurveda approaches in the management of Aamvat. This article presents efficacy of Kshara Basti and Panchkoal Ghanvati in the management of Amavata.

8

Authors: Pooja. B, Govinda Sharma K and Vinay R Kadibagil

Introduction Leha or avaleha is an important ayurvedic formulation which is in semi solid consistency. It is the most accepted varieties of ayurvedic dosage forms because of its easy administration, long shelf life and palatability. Bhaishajya kalpana text gives the general method of preparation of avaleha but few avalehas specified in authoritative books of ayurveda, deviate from general method of preparation. Hence a literary search was done to find out the different methods of preparation of avaleha. Materials and Methods An extensive literary review was done in authentic books of bhaishajya kalpana and other books for avalehas having different preparatory methods. Result In total, ten different methods of preparation of avaleha were found. Broadly these methods can be classified as niragni(without the use of fire) and saagni(with use of fire). Discussion The formulations are included in this work, considering the word meaning of leha (that which is licked) and the definition of leha(reheating of kwatha etc).The features of avaleha siddha lakshana were also taken in to consideration for the inclusion. The nomenclature in bhaishajya ratnavali and AFI also supports the inclusion of some formulations under avaleha. Based on ease and convenience of preparation the most suitable method can be adopted.

8

Authors: Hari Krishna Shriwas and. Rupendra Chandrakar

Ayurveda is science of life. Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injury related to sport and exercise. Ayurvedic medicines have potent action in acute and chronic injury. Sports medicine are always difficult to define because it is not a single specialty, but an area that involves health care professionals, researchers and educators from a wide variety of disciplines. Its function is not only curative and rehabilitative, but also preventative, which may actually be the most important one of all.

8

Authors: Jyoti Gangwal, Vikash Bhatnagar, Parul Anand and Sanjay Kholiya

Background- Acharya Sushruta is called the father of surgery even now, but if we undergo the ancient text, necessity of human anatomy are very absolutely described by Sushruta, so he has named Yogyasutriya adhyaya to knowledge about surgical techniques on different items before practicing of same techniques on human. Objective/Purpose- The object of this study is to analysis the principles mentioned for preliminary surgery and accomplish these thoughts in present teaching manner. Methods- Acharya Sushruta was a powerful promoter of human dissection as noticeable from his texts. He mentioned a fundamental techniques for the dissection of the cadaver in his text. Acharya Sushruta named Eight kinds of surgical techniques are:-Chedana(surgical excision), Bhedana(incision & exploration), Lekhana(scraping), Vyadhana(puncturing), Esana(probing), Aharana(extraction), Visravan(drainage), Sivan (suturing)) and application of Kshara(alkaline substance), Badhana(bandaging), Agni (cautery) etc. Results-As per to Acharya Sushruta, if a practitioner has fully understood all surgical methods, but he cannot be knowledgeable without Yogya. To gain knowledge and to solve this problem as a surgical practitioner, he has described and indicated different types of YogyaVidhi. Conclusion-‘Yogyasutriya Adhyaya’ is a introductory brainstorming context hence a new surgical practitioners can grow his surgical capability in a safe and regulated atmosphere.

9

Authors: Rashmi Tiwari

The science of ayurveda is well recognized system of medicine, which have unique speciality in field of Shalya Tantra. Sushruta samhita is the earliest known authorities’ treatise on Ayurveda. Sushruta Samhita is most ancient document on branch of Shalya Tantra not only in India but in the whole world. The concept of Ayurveda Shareer evolved 3000 yrs ago. Acharya Sushruta contribution to Ayurveda is most valuable. He has described different parts of body in view of medico- surgical importance. According to Acharya Sushruta sira are seven hundred in number through which entire body is nourished constantly, kept lubricate/moistened to perform action such as flexion; contraction. Mula sira or root sira are forty; of which ten carry vata, ten carry pitta, ten carry kapha, and ten carry rakta. Acharya Charak has defined Sira as “sarnat sira” in sutra sthan chapter thirty, sushruta has clarified the details such as distinction among sira, dhamni & shrotas. The term sira, in one place reflects a meaning of blood vessels while at other place type of sira vatavah sira, it means nerve. In such conditions it is very difficult to know doubtlessly about it like modern anatomy. Therefore it requires great research work to get a clear concept. Acharya sushruta described four types of sira on the basis of their colour & the dosha they carry. As like vatavah sira are light red in colour & filled in vata; pittavah sira are warm & blue in colour; kaphavah sira are cold, white & stable; raktavaha sira are red in colour & neither very hot nor very cold. Acharya sushruta has mentioned hundred sira in each extremity, of which only 25 vatavaha sira. There is uncertainty about identification, number, location and distribution of vatavah sira. Through the study of vatavah sira described in modern science, will get the knowledge of origin, identification sankhya & distribution, which would be helpful in removing the situation of uncertainty. Modern composition science would be helpful in detailed study of sira.

9

Authors: Anil Soni, Amit Kumar and Gopesh Mangal

Pakshavadha is Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi in our Ancient Ayurvedic text. It can be correlated with Paralysis in bio-medicine. Pakshavadha is one of the important causes for disability and affect working population. It creates a burden for country and family also. Stroke & injuries are common cause for Paralysis. A diagnosed case of paralysis due to cervical spine injury with complaints of weakness & rigidity on Right upper & lower limbs and difficulty in walking from last eight years was managed with Panchakarma procedures such as Shali-Shastika Pinda Sweda, Greeva Basti, Matra Basti & Nasya Karma along with oral Ayurvedic drugs. This study shows the cases of Abhighataja Pakshavadha may be successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment and Panchakarma modalities.

10

Authors: Divya, Deepshikha, Utkarsh Gupta and G.P.Garg

Swarna Prashan Sanskar mentioned under shodash sanskar is an ancient ritual. SwarnaPrashana means to administer Swarna (gold) in liquid form along with honey, ghee and some herbal medicines. It improves the intellectual power and enhances the non-specific immunity of the body. Materials and Methods-Many databases including research articles from Pub med, JAIM, research gate, ayurvedic text books were considered with the key words like ‘Swarna Prashan Sanskar’, ‘Sanskar’, ‘Immunity’, ‘Immunization’. Results-In Swarna Prashan we use Swarna bhasma which is in form of nano particle which is easily absorb by small intestine and would reach the target site of action through blood. Several studies show Swarna bhasma showed no toxicity as judged by SGOT, SGPT, Serum creatinine and Serum urea level and histological studies. Gold ash is also effective in motor neuron disease in small doses. Gold is a good immunostimulant and also stimulate phagocytic index of macrophages. Swarna bhasma also prevents free radical injury to tissues and have nootropic, antiacetylcholinesterase, analgesic and antistress activity. Honey has an inhibitory effect to many bacteria and also develops resistance against allergens remaining unaffected by them. Ghee has Omega 6 and Omega 3 fatty acid that is good for neurological and brain development. ConclusionAccording to Ayurvedic literature it would possess properties like madhura, rejuvenate, immunity booster, improves complexion and growth of the body, accelerate growth of the brain and improves memory, also increase digestion power of the body.

10

Authors: B M N Kumar

The term Sira stands for channels through which substances or physical forces flow. In general, this term stands for blood vessels, even though Sushruta has also used it in the sense of nerves i.e. Vatavaha Sira. In such a condition, it is very difficult to know doubtlessly about it like modern anatomy. Though Sushruta and other profounders of Ayurveda have not described the structural aspect of the nervous system, they were in the know of its functional aspect. According to them, all the activities of the body are done by Vata, the chief among the Tridoshas. Many of the physical and mental phenomena described by modern physiologists are primarily the activities of the central, autonomic and peripheral nervous systems. They can be identified by the functions ascribed to Vata in the classical Ayurvedic literature. Vata reaches the different parts of the body through Vatavaha Siras for performing all the physical and mental functions. The aim of this study is to correlate the Vatavaha Siras with possible modern anatomical structures i.e artery and nerve.

11

Authors: Savitri, Utkarsh Gupta, Deepshikha, N.N Tiwari and G.P.Garg

Mridweekadi churna is an Ayurvedic preparation commonly used in clinical practice. It is described in Charak samhita for treating diseases of kantha (throat region).This article reviews the chemical constituents and the experiment based pharmacodynamics of components of Mridweekadi churna.

11

Authors: Pravesh Srivastava, Gopesh Mangal and Gunjan Garg

PURPOSE Avascular Necrosis (AVN) is a disease affecting bone due to temporary or permanent cessation of the blood supply. AVN is also known as ischemic bone necrosis which finally leads to the destruction of joint. AVN of the femoral head is the most common type among all AVN. In early stages AVN is asymptomatic but as the disease progress there is constant pain with decrease in the function of joints. Although bone grafting, hip replacements, osteotomy etc. are done for the management of AVN but no satisfactory cure has been developed yet, even in early stages. Most of the surgical treatments are cost worthy and have poor prognosis. Hence an effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of Basti Karma in the management of the AVN of femoral head. METHOD This is single case study of 60 years old male suffering from pain and stiffness in bilateral hip joints, difficulty in walking and restricted movement of both legs. It was diagnosed case of avascular necrosis of femoral head based on MRI report. As per Ayurveda the case was diagnosed as Asthimajjagata Vata Vikara and was admitted in the male ward of Panchkarma, NIA, and Jaipur. The whole treatment includes Sarvanga Abhyanga, Swedana for 16 days, Panchatikta Ksheer Basti and Dasmool Anuvasana Basti in Kala Basti Schedule. Yograj Guggulu, Rasnasaptak Kwatha, Ashwaghandha Churna, Nagaradhya Churna, Chopchini Churna and Brahma Rasayana for 30 days was given as Shamana Chikitsa. Assessment was done on the basis of sign and symptoms. RESULT The therapy provided marked relief in pain and stiffness along with improvement in gait and difficulty in walking was reduced CONCLUSION On the basis of this case study it can be concluded that Basti Karma along with Shamana Chikitsa is effective in the management of AVN of femoral head. Since the single case is not enough more rooted study in this is required

11

Authors: Sneha Nambiar, Varghese Jibi T., Madhura Dapkekar and Manna Mathew

The lifetime incidence of low back pain including Sciatica is 30-90% with worldwide prevalence ranging from 5 to 25%, and this condition escalates with age and lifestyle factors. Radiating leg pain and related disabilities are observed in Sciatica which can very well be analogized with Gridhrasi. Gridhrasi is one of the most prevalent of Vatavyadhi’s in the current age and time. Charakacharya has mentioned a special class of drugs called Agreya dravyas which states the best of drugs along with its expected action. Out of these best mentioned modalities Rasna and Erandamool are the most suitable Vatahara drugs. Gridhrasi being ‘Vataja nanatmaja vyadhi’, ‘Vataprakopa’ and ‘Vata-Kapha prakopa’ are the two courses of manifestation of this disease. The drugs chosen for this study, Rasna and Erandmool are both Vata- kaphahara in nature. Lack of standardization of herbal formulations creates a non- uniformity in validation of the efficacy and maintaining quality of the product. In the present study an attempt was made at setting up a standard profile which was prepared using pharmacognostically authenticated drug Rasna (Pluchea lanceolate) and Erandamool (Ricinus communis), followed by subjecting it to detailed physico-chemical analysis as per standard protocol. So, an attempt has been made here to study Rasna kashaya and Erandamoola kashaya by analyzing through qualitative and quantitative physiochemical parameters and to develop fingerprints of High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Major peaks with Rf values – 0.73 of Rasna and 0.77 of Erandamool were found at wavelength 215 nm and 366 nm respectively. The data obtained in the present study will help for the use of this formulation.

12

Authors: Madhumita Panigrahi, A. S. Baghel, Hitesh Vyas, S.B. Kamble and Kabi Prasad Mohanty

Purpose: Jara is generally venerable to all of us. In today’s era most of the people are suffering from premature aging because of changing life style, unbalanced diet, physical and mental stress etc. Rasa Vagbhata has also mentioned Pantha (excessive walking) and Manas Pratikulata (unfavorable condition to mind) as specific causes of Akalaja Jara in each decade of life. Old age is a stage of Dhatu Kshaya (due to Kala Prabhava) where the destructive (Hrasa) phenomenon occurs due to Rukshadi Gunas of Vata Dosha. The factors mentioned in Svastha Chatuṣka of Charakasamhita helps to achieve and maintain Arogya and Taruṇya, ruling out the principle of ‘Shiryate Iti Shariram’. Ayurveda advocates an excellent approach Abhyanga, which is a unique therapeutic methodology to delay Akalaja Jara and to minimize the intensity of problems occurring in this degenerative phase of one's life. Results & Conclusion: Ayurveda reckons Abhyanga as a daily regimen owing to its univocal properties like Jaraapaha, Pushtirit (nourishing), Shramahara, Drishtrikara, Prasadkara, Ayupushtikara (prolonging age), Swapnakara, Vata shamaka. It is mentioned that Abhyanga should at least be done to the head, ears and feet regularly. Old age people experiencing physical, mental and emotional stress that can contribute to feeling of emotionally disconnected with each other, and from the world. Abhyanga encompasses basic relaxation, stress relief and is also a beneficial tool in fighting many of the symptoms of aging. The chief aim of Jara is to “Add life to years” rather than “years to life.”

13

Authors: NarendraNarware, Anita Sharma and PradipkumarSuryawanshi

Ayurveda is the only medical science which has insisted more importance on prevention of diseases & maintenance of health rather than treating any disease. Busy schedules with abnormal-stressed lifestyle, changed eating habits and their patterns, inadequate sleep and nonobservance of Dincharya, Ritucharya, Ratricharya and Sadvrittaare the reasons for growing metabolic diseases in society such as Gastric Disorders. PathyaApathya mentioned in Samhitas are studied and analysed to form a Pathya-Apathya diet chart for Annavahasrotasvikruti.

13

Authors: Premraj Chaudhary and Pallavi Singh

Ayurveda, the science of life, is an upveda of Atharvaveda, one of the oldest scriptures of Hindus. Drugs used in Ayurveda are obtained from natural sources only i.e. from plants, animals or metals/minerals. Metals and minerals require some special techniques like shodhana, marana, jarana, satvapatana etc. before internal administration as they are mostly found associated with various impurities and toxic elements. These specific techniques are not as much elaborated and well documented in Samhitas as in classical texts of Rasashastra, so it is assumed that use of mineral origin substances were confined only upto the external application in Samhita period. Sushruta Samhita is one of the most ancient, authoritative classical book of Indian medicine especially of shalya and shalakya. In the present study an overall review of mineral origin substances regarding their therapeutic application and other uses in Sushruta Samhita is done and it is observed that the roots of this science are also embedded in Samhitas, the treasure of knowledge. Besides use of metals in manufacture of vessels, yantra, shastra, tongue scrapper and vastinetra, a good no. of references are also collected regarding therapeutic use of metals and minerals viz. 129 references regarding their use via other than oral route as compound formulation, 34 references via oral route as compound formulations, 21 references of oral route as a single drug and 9 references where single metal/mineral drug were used through other than oral route for treatment purpose by adopting different Rasashastra techniques. It clearly signifies the indepth knowledge of Acharya Sushruta in relation of application of metals and minerals in that period.

15

Authors: S Srinidhi, Shashibindu, M Kumar Ashvini and T Vidyavati

Twak rogas (Skin diseases) are becoming more common due to mithya ahara and vihara(improper food and lifestyle). In Ayurveda, the word “kushta” includes all the diseases related to twak(skin). Among them, few common diseases are ekakushta, dadru, vicharchika, etc. Here is a case report of a case of ekakushta (psoriasis) treated with selected panchakarma chikitsa(eliminative procedures) and later to avoid recurrence, was administered with shamanoushadhis(palliative medications) and rasayana chikitsa (rejuvinatives).

17

Authors: Ayush Kumar Garg, Preeti Chouhan and Brijesh Sharma

Introduction: In 1998, a flare-up of outbreak encephalitis with high death rates among pig handlers in Malaysia prompted the disclosure of a novel paramyxovirus named NIPAH infection. Total 12 deaths due to the deadly NIPAH virus have been reported so far from northern Kerala. Ayurved do believes in microorganisms and their role in disease, but emphasizes more on body’s response and occurrence of disease occurs only if the Bala is reduced. Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of NIPAH virus (NiV) and various principles of Ayurveda relevant to interpret their contemporary significance. Methodology: A multidisciplinary examination that included the study of disease transmission, pathogenesis, transmission and ayurvedic intervention was vital in the disclosure of this new human contamination. The work is mainly based on theoretical research using standard Database, Journals and websites for collecting data regarding to NIPAH virus and textbooks of epidemiology and classical treatises of Ayurveda. Discussion: In this investigation, endeavor has been made to comprehend these ideas in the light of the study of disease transmission of NIPAH infection with their most estimated outline. In Ayurvedic points of view, it comes prior under the classification of Vata Shlaishmik (cautions at first), which additionally extends to Sannipataja jwara. The symptoms of vata Shlaishamik jwar in Sushruta resemble with the early symptoms of NIPAH virus and Abhinyas jwar (Sannipataja jwara) meet resemble with the symptoms of late stage of NIPAH virus. Conclusion: It is intriguing to take note of that the concepts described hundreds of years back are especially relevant at this present period and their significance can't be ignored.

6

Authors: Mithanthaya Seetharama and Sutariya Manoj

The biceps brachii is the muscle of the flexor compartment of the arm. The muscle takes its origin by two heads, short and long head. The present paper is to document the variation in the origin of biceps brachii which the authors encountered during the routine dissection. In the routine postgraduate dissection it was found that the variation in the origin pattern of the biceps brachii muscle, along with the normal two heads (short and long) the third head was seen which took origin from the shaft of the humerus. The knowledge of such additional head of the biceps brachii will enhance the preoperative evaluation, facilitate the surgical intervention and prevent the post operative complications.

7

Authors: Urvashi M. Belkhude, Prashant Baghe and Amol P. Vagre

In Ayurveda, various skin diseases have been described under the term Kushtha. Vicharchika is one type of skin disease which is similar to Eczema. Vicharchika is not serious disease but it concerns the patient due to sever itching, its appearance and its nature to become chronic. In the treatment of Vicharchika various Shodhana and Shamana therapies are given in classical texts of Ayurveda. Among the shodhana karma, Raktamokshana (Bloodletting) with the Jalauka called as Jalaukavacharana is mainly advocated. Jalaukavacharana is one of the oldest remedies specially used in Rakta Pradoshaj Vikaras. It involves the attachment of cultured Jalauka (Leeches) in the affected area. A case of 43 years old male patient detected with Kandu, Daha, Rukshata, Strava, Vaivarnya etc lakshanas of Vicharchika on back of his palms of both hands from last 3 months. He was not getting relief by taking Antifungal, Analgesic drugs so came in Twachavikara OPD at Govt. Ayurved College, Osmanabad, Maharashtra for further treatment. He was treated with 4 sittings of Jalaukavacharana. After that he was asked to administer Arogyavardhini Vati along with Khadirarishtha and Panchtiktaghrit guggul with luke warm water twice a day for one month. The above lakshanas were significantly improved after 4 weeks. Jalaukavacharana as shodhana therapy and Arogyavardhini Vati, Khadirarishtha and Panchtiktaghrit guggul as Shamana therapy in combination when followed by systematically, gave relief from symptoms in patient of Vicharchika.

7

Authors: Nagaraj S, Rajalakshmi M G and Shashank M

Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease of unknown origin which primarily affects the axial joints. Among all the spectrum of Spondyloarthritides(SpA), Ankylosing spondylitis is a clinical challenge for physicians due to its progressive nature and quick formation of permanent deformities. Moreover, the younger age groups are more affected which leaves them de-capacitated and marginalized at an early age. The mainstray of treatment in Western Medicine consists on Immunosuppressive therapies and NSAIDS. The symptomatic relief offered by these agents comes with a bigger cost of serious side effects like recurrent infections, demyelinating disorders, SLE, liver diseases etc. withtheir long term side effects still unknown. Presenting here case of a 22 yr old male with Ankylosing spondylitis who was on systemic steroids, NSAIDS, and Immunosuppresives. Treatment was planned on the lines of Amavata with Simhanada Guggulu Leha (SDM Pharmcy), and courses of Kshara Basthi. Over a period of 6 months of IPD and OPD treatment, all the Western medications were stopped and the patient is totally asymptomatic with Ayurvedic medications. The patient was brought back to mainstay of life instilling hope and poise.

7

Authors: Asha S Raj and Sara Monsy Oommen

Asoka - Saracaasoca (Roxb.) de Wilde is a well-known drug for the herbal industry. Even though various parts of this plant owe numerous pharmacological actions, its classical officinal part is stem bark. Due to over use and irrational collection practices the stem bark of this drug has been severely adulterated in the drug market. In Ayurvedic classics, the stem bark, are proposed to be collected during Saratritu (autumn season). The drug material to conduct the study was collected during the very same period. A lot of studies have been published about the phytochemistry of this drug, but none of them strictly followed this type of collection practices. This emphasizes the uniqueness of present work. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, moisture content, fibre content, tannin content, phenol content of the sample of test drug are estimated and found to be similar with that of the description in API. Sugar content in the drug is very trace, so as to quantitatively estimate the total and reducing sugar. The prepared kashaya was slight acidic in nature, by using the digital pH meter and it was found to be 6.56. The extractive values such as cold alcohol soluble, hot alcohol soluble, cold water soluble and hot water-soluble extractives of the drug sample were estimated. The observed values were found to be within the range as that of API. This work tries to merge up the ancient wisdom with modern techniques of phytochemistry.

8

Authors: Keerthana J, Prakash L Hegde and Vijay Javagal

Diabetes mellitus is the disease afflicting mankind since a very long time. Over 30 million have been diagnosed with Diabetes in India and it is one among the cause for morbidity, which makes the life of individual miserable. In Ayurveda, Diabetes mellitus can be understood as Madhumeha which is one among the Vataja Prameha. Lakshana pertaining to Madhumeha as per the classical text are Prabhoota Mutra, Aavila mutra etc. In the present case study, a 49 years old female patient came to SDM college of Ayurveda Kayachikitsa special OPD with complaints of pain in smaller joints and increased frequency of micturition. Through physical findings and Investigations the diagnosis leads to Madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus).The treatment plan opted was Shamana Aushadhi with change in Diet and Lifestyle. Madhumeha being a lifetime disorder hampers daily routine activities and its management would be a challenging task. Shamana Aushadhi, Proper Diet and Change in Lifestyle would be an apt management in such case.

8

Authors: Vidyashree, Aparna Nandakumar, Vatsalya D Ghanekar, Ashok Kumar B N, Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P and Ravindra Angadi

Bhaishajya Kalpana is the branch of Ayurveda which primarily deals with different kinds of dosage forms & their therapeutic utility. The Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana have great importance as they form the primary or basic dosage forms from which other secondary dosage forms are prepared. Ghana Kalpana is the modified form of Kwath Kalpana and is an exclusive contribution of ayurvedic science. Different varieties of Ghana are mentioned in various ayurvedic classics & they are most accepted varieties of ayurvedic dosage forms due to its easy administration, palatability & long shelf life. In this article an attempt has been made to have an understanding regarding the meaning of Ghana, general method of preparation & its various therapeutic indications

8

Authors: Dhanya Vasudevan, Krishnendu O Nambiar, Rekha J, Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P, Ravindra Angadi

Bhaishajya kalpana deals with the process of preparation of medicine. It mainly involves the utilisation of Panchavidha Kashaya kalpanas as the base for these medicinal preparations. Sahasrayoga is one of the famous books, followed in the south especially by the physicians in Kerala. It provides details and contents that can be easily perceived by the students as well as the efficient physicians.

9

Authors: Satya Prahash Pathak and Poonam Pandey

The importance has been given to Dental hygiene to maintain health and beauty. The healthy teeth are very much necessary for healthy body. The disease, Krimi Danta is considered under Danta roga. Krimi Danta is characterized by blackish discoloration of tooth with cavity formation, loosening of teeth, foul fluid discharges associated with pain and swelling due to vitiated Vata followed by Pitta and Kapha. Krimi Danta can be correlated to dental caries in modern science, in which bacteria damage the enamel which is the hardest structure of tooth as well as dentine and cementum. These tissues progressively break down, producing dental cavities. Pain is the commonest symptom in caries. Hence, the present study is taken up to evaluate the efficacy of ‘Brihatyadi Taila’Gandusha’ in the management of krimi danta.

9

Authors: Vatsalya D Ghanekar and Ashok Kumar B N

Background: Vatarakta is a clinical manifestation explained in the Ayurvedic classics having the involvement of both Vata Dosha and Rakta Dhatu. It is a disease predominantly affecting the extremities mainly the Pada and Hasta. Due to the similarity in the pathology of Vatarakta and Diabetic neuropathy, many symptoms like Daha and Shoola which are manifested in Vatarakta are also observed to be manifested in Diabetic Neuropathy. Pinda Taila is one such formulation mentioned in our classics to be used for the relief of Daha and Shoola developed in Vatarakta after doing Manthana Samskara to it. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Pinda Taila and Khajita Pinda Taila in the symptomatic management of Daha and Shoola of Diabetic Neuropathy. Materials and methods: Forty patients diagnosed with Diabetic Neuropathy suffering from Daha and Shoola were selected for the study. Results and Conclusion: Pinda Taila showed statistically significant results in the management of Shoola whereas Khajita Pinda Taila was observed to be statistically efficacious in the management of the symptom Daha.

9

Authors: Sushmitha V S, Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P, Seema MB, Prabhakara Upadhyaya Renjal and Ravindra Angadi

Introduction: Bheshaja has been placed in the second order among the Chikitsa Chatushpada. The sources of the medicines are three in number being Audbhida, Jangama and Parthiva. Vicharchika is the most common disease affecting all age groups presenting with symptoms such as itching, eruptions, blackish discolouration, discharge due to which there is uneasiness in the patients. In the study Shamana line of management is adopted, which includes both Antahparimarjana and Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Bhrashta Sarshapa Kalka, Hinguleeya Manikya Rasa and combined therapy in Vicharchika. Materials and methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with Vicharchika were selected from the OPD and IPD. The signs and symptoms were recorded and randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 patients each. Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were given Bhrashta Sarshapa Kalka, Hinguleeya Manikya Rasa and combined therapy, respectively. The duration of treatment was 15 days. After 15 days the signs and symptoms were recorded. Friedman's test was applied to analyze the results within the group, Kruskal Wallis test was applied for analyzing the results between the groups. Results and conclusion: Bhrashta Sarshapa Kalka group shows statistically significant effect of treatment on itching, discharge, discoloration, burning sensation and papules.

9

Authors: Rijin Mohan,Vishnu C P, Sharada Sphoorthi Y, and Gopikrishna S

Pleural effusion is one among the health issues that affects both gender globally. Excessive accumulation of pleural fluidoccurs either due to increased hydrostatic pressure or decrease osmotic presure1 .The diagnosis of pleural effusion is difficult, even though the patients often complain of typical symptoms indicating of pleural diseases.Explanationregarding a similar disease namely Urasthoya is found in Ayurvedic classic text book, Madhavanidana in Parisistabagha. The etiological factors and symptomatology shows similarity. Thus Urasthoya can be a possible correlation for pleural effusion. Diagnosis of pleural effusion depends on proper clinical examination as well as various diagnostic methods. The symptoms depend upon the underlying pathology, so it is very important to adopt appropriate diagnostic tool to attain proper diagnosis. The diagnostic approach in Ayurveda is based on RogaRogiPariksha (Examination of disease and patient). In Urasthoya Trividha Pariksha (Three fold examination) and Astasthana Pariksha (Eight fold examination) can be adopted for diagnosis. So it is important to have a proper diagnostic approach in both modern and Ayurvedic point of view. This particular paper discusses the possible diagnostic approach on pleural effusion and Urasthoya.

10

Authors: Vijay Javagal, Prakash L Hegde and Keerthana J

Human beings are invariably accustomed to the usage of plastics. These plastics pose various health hazards on the human population. According to the Global Industry Analysts in the year 2015, 297.5million tons of plastic were used. To increase the durability and elasticity of the plastic various plasticizers are being used. The utmost common plasticizer used is Phthalates. Phthalates are the di esters of 1, 2 – benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid). Phthalates have got various health hazards. Phthalates are nanoparticles and they surpass the placenta, breast milk, enterohepatic circulation leading to various systemic illness and complications pertaining to the same. Hence it is imperative to prevent the usage of Phthalates and also detoxification of the same has to be done based on classics. Pertaining to the classical reference it is clear that the Phthalates can be reflected to be similar with the theory of Dooshi visha (cumulative toxicity) as per Ayurveda; indulgence of the same will lead to various health hazards and complications. This paper aims to review the effect of Phthalates on human health and its management w. s. r. to Dooshi visha (cumulative toxicity). Based on the treatment notion of Dooshi Visha i.e various Panchakarma modalities one can reduce the complications as well as move towards Swasthya.

10

Authors: Manju Kumari, Anita Sharma and Sharad M. Porte

Chronic toxicity of lead, its chemical component and its metabolites has been on rapid growth, due to utilizations and exposures of leads or its chemical component from natural sources such as water and soil, lead pipes, industrial sources and contaminated air, dust, food, leadpaints, vermilion etc. The persistent exposure of lead for prolong period cause accumulation of lead within bone, liver, and produces toxic blood. It has been clinically manifested that the chronic lead poison vitiation of vata predominance and vata- pitta occasionally occur along with rasvaha, pran- vaha, vatavaha, purish-vaha, mutr-vahavikriti. Though the clinical manifestation shows the vata-dosha and vatavahasrotasvikrati predominantly but it may be produced due to aavran of dushivisha in the form of lead. Hence it is need to removed first aavaran then the vatavyadhiis to be treated. Petisweda, vamana and virechna may plays a major role to remove out this dushivishajanayaaavran, the yogabasti may play a major role to control and cure the vatavyadhi produced by lead along with other symptomatic management. Thus Ayurveda may play a major role to manage the chronic lead toxicity.

10

Authors: Amrita Baidya and S S Suryawanshi

Every living organism needs food to live. Foods have many nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins or minerals. These nutrients present in food are ingested and absorbed by an organism to produce energy stimulate growth and maintain life. The food has limited shelf life, in order to increase the shelf life and maintain the quality certain artificial preservative are used. These preservatives having chemicals in it easily enters into food chain and then accumulate into human body. Thus shows various types of cumulative toxic effects to the human beings and.may have some harmful effects. This concept is explained in Ayurveda as Dushivisha. By using this concept, we can understand the cumulative toxicities due to various toxins present in the food and treat them by using the principles of Ayurved.

11

Authors: Vinita Tiwari

Sweta Musli is now the most demandable drug and has been frequently used by medical fraternity as vitalizer, health tonic, aphrodisiac, and vigor enhancer. In the 17th century Rajanighantu has introduced the first time and now it gained a most demanded drug worldwide. In India, Sweta Musli is known by the name of Chlorophytum species and Asparagus adcendense. Chlorophytum borivilianum is superior among them and due to high demand and overexploitation it entered the critically endangered species category. The global demand of Sweta Musli is 35000 tons per year, which is higher than supply from the wild as 5000 tons per year. In order to fill the market demand, farmers have started cultivating Chlorophytum borivilianum, a fast-growing and high active potential species. There is lack systematic information about the cultivation practices of the plant and farmers have been planting improperly and uprooted before maturing, resulting in less weighted tubers and economic loss. The study is an attempt to present the systematic information of cultivation practices of the plant.

12

Authors: Manpreet Kaur, Anita Sharma, Suparma Saha and Praveen Kumar

Agad tantra is one of the most important branch of Ashtang Ayurveda under which description of visha (poison) is available. Visha is the one which pervades the whole body immediately after ingestion and disturbs all the functions of body by vitiation of dosha & dhatu and drugs which acts against the toxic substances and pacify the vitiated dosha & dhatus is called Vishaghna. There are many drugs described for the management of poison in ayurvedic classics but effective solution is still not established. So here an attempt is made to screen the vishaghna dravyas with their Rasa, Guna, Veerya and Vipaka from the dravyaguna treatise Bhavaprakasha nighantu.

12

Authors: Shyamveer Ghuraiya, Pawankumar Godatwar and SisirkumarMandal

The WHO rates hypertension as one of the most important causes of premature death in world. Approximately 1 billion people have hypertension, contributing to more than 7.1 million deaths per year. The number of adults with hypertension in 2025 is predicted to increase by about 60% to a total of around 1.56 billion. In India, Cardiovascular diseases caused 2.3 million deaths in the year 1990; this is projected to double by the year 2020. Numbers of drugs are available in modern medicine to treat the disease in its symptomatically active state but still are unable to cure the hypertension. Hyperfunction of Vyana is considered under Vyana Bala Vaishamya which produces increased force in the wall of the channels (blood vessels) to produce the disease hypertension. Survey research is an important form of scientific inquiry that merits rigorous design and analysis. The aim of survey is to gather reliable and unbiased data from a representative sample of respondents. In order to acquire data about people, objects, and events proper data collection tools need to be designed which can measure things of scientific interest. This study was conducted in an individual through survey of hypertensive patients above 18 year age, Patients belonging to either gender. Total 500 patients were surveyed in this study.Total 500 patient of hypertension were surveyed with the help of JNC 8th Criteria, then the patient who is having hypertension, they were surveyed with the help of our ayurvedika assessment tool.

14

Authors: Madhumalika L P C and Kulatunga R D H

Medhya Rasāyana, a unique concept of Āyurveda is believed to be used as a solution for major issues i.e., loss of memory, cognitive deficits, impaired mental function and also age related neurological and mental disorders. Charaka Saṃhitā has mentioned Medhya Rasāyana Chathushkaya as Maņdūkaparnī, Yaşţīmadhu, Gudūcī and Śańkhapuşpī. This study was focused to compile Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological potentials of Medhya Rasāyana Chathushkaya for further identification of their noble approaches. The contents were collected from authentic Ayurvedic texts, dictionaries, monographs, websites, online and printed journals. Results of the study revealed that Tikta (75%), Kashaya(75%), Madhura(50%)in Rasa, Guru(50%), Laghu(50%) Guna, Sheeta(50%), Ushna(50%) Veerya, Madhura(100%) vipaka, Medhya(100%) Prabhava and Tridosha hara (75%) were present as prominent Āyurvedic pharmacodynamic properties of Medhya Rasāyana Chathushkaya. Further, Medhya, Rasayana, Raktha shodhaka, Vishaghna, Vayah sthapana, Kushthaghna, Mehaghna, Jwaraghna, Deepana, Balya, Chardighna, Trshna Nigrahana were show as pharmacokinetic properties while memory enhancing effect & effect on cognitive function , anti-ulcer activity, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant activity, anti-microbial activity, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity, anti-cancer activity, cardio protective, anti-diabetic property, anti-toxic effect were observed as Pharmacological potentials. In view of the above it is seen that Medhya Rasāyana Chathushkaya has Tikta, Kashaya Rasa, Sama sheetoshna in veerya, Madhura vipaka, Medhya in prabhava and Thidosha hara potential for unique; wide spreading curing and preventive capability with multidimensional approaches.

14

Authors: Sushanta Kumar Meher, Arun Kumar Das, Rabinarayan Acharya and Sushil Kumar Meher

Hingula, categorized under Sadharana Rasa Varga in most of the Rasashastra classics is a chief source of Mercury since ancient times to date. For therapeutic use, it is subjected to Shodhana (purification) by triturating with indicated liquid media. It is claimed that the drugs transforms to safe and therapeutically usable form after Shodhana. For global acceptability, this is need of the hour to make it evidence based. In wake of this, Hingula was purified with Ardraka Swarasa following SOP and both the raw and purified Hingula were subjected to various physico-chemical analyses to see the changes occurring after Shodhana. It was seen that Hingula transformed to dark red coloured fine, smooth powder after purification. The pH changed from 5.82 to 6.11 after Shodhana. Also there were changes in LOD from 0.29% w/w to 0.58% w/w, in Total Ash content from 0.0079% w/w to 3.7237% w/w, in acid insoluble ash content from 0.00263% w/w to 2.4127% w/w. The Raw Hingula was insoluble where as the purified Hingula was partially soluble. The Shodhita Hingula got the classical lakshanas viz;- Nischandrika, Rekhapurna and Varitara. ED-XRF study showed the addition of new elements like Fe, K and Br with relative concentration of 0.220%, 0.185% and 0.709%, respectively and deletion of Cs in purified Hingula. No remarkable differenceswere seen in the d-spacing [Å] values at 2-Theta angle of both the samples in XRD study. The changes are seen due to treatment of raw Hingula with liquid media (Ardraka Swarasa) for trituration. The differences observed in Hingula before and after purification signify the principle of Shodhana and Samskara as described by the Acharyas.

15

Authors: Sangita Maharjan, Ajantha, Arun Raj MN and Geetha Nayak

Madhumehais a Vataja Prameha and is considered analogous to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Tridosha in balanced state maintains health and vitiation that leads to pathogenesis with manifestation of diseases. Tridosha Vaishamya occurring as Vruddhi, Kshaya and Prakopa can be assessed by manifested Lakshanas. Prameha is Santarpanajanya Vyadhi and its pathogenesis mainly involves Kapha Dosha Pradhana Tridosha. Assessment of Dosha Vaishamya Lakshanas in Madhumeha by questionnaire method showed the Vaishamya of all three Doshas. Hence, treatment for Madhumeha needs to be planned considering all the three Doshas.

20

Authors: Sushanta Kumar Meher, Rabinarayan Acharya and Arun Kumar Das

Ayurvedic pharmaceutics deals with nearly 70% formulations of herbo-mineral origin and Chandraprabha Vati is such a formulation available in classical vati(tablet) form. It is being used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for mainly Prameha and other uro-genital disorders in practice. As per classics, it is having wider therapeutic utilities in diseases of multi-system origin like Prameha(Metabolic disorders), Mutrakrichchhra, (Dysuria), Pandu (Anaemia), Kamala (Jaundice), Udara Roga (Abdominal disorders), Arsha (Hemorrhoids), Bhagandara (Fistula-in- ano), Kustha (Skin Diseases), Dantaroga (Dental Disease), Netraroga (Eye Disorders), Stree Roga (Gynaecological disorders) and many more and is having Tridoshaghnaproperty. Certain researches reveal that Chandraprabha Vati is effective in hyperglycaemia, hypertension and is having bacteriostatic action. Also, the pharmacotherapeutic profile as per Ayurveda classical texts indicates it’s usefulness in 31 diseased conditions, mainly in Prameha (Diseases of Urinary system including Diabetes mellitus) as described in Sharngadhar Samhita, and the exact composition has been included in Ayurvedic Formulary of India later. But about 9(Nine) formulations in the name of Chandraprava Vati are available in different ancient texts having difference in constituents and therapeutic profile. The detailed information regarding the properties, action and relevance of applications of all these 9(Nine) formulations in indicated wide varieties of diseases are not published yet. Hence, the available information related to pharmaco-therapeutic profile of all 9(Nine) types of Chandraprava Vati from classical texts is collected, specially of the Chandraprava Vati mentioned in a leading Rasashastra text i.e. Rasendra Sar Samgrah because of constituents like Naga, Vanga, Loha, Parada, Abhraka and discussion regarding the relevance of use in indicated disease Prameha based on the properties and mode of action of the constituents as per current research has been made. It has been clear from this study that besides Chandraprava vati of AFI, Chandraprava Vati described in Rasendra Sar Samgrah can be useful in treating Prameha, provided the quality and safety aspect is assured and special cautions are to be taken in selection of patients for treatment as it contains toxic metals like Hg, Pb, Sn etc. Present work will also be helpful to understand therapeutic value, broad spectrum activity and other useful properties of Chandraprava Vatifor the management of Prameha and other disorders.

6

Authors: Saurav Verma, Shrutee Lodhi and Ashvini Kumar

In this convulsively changing world, scientific advances, political mutations, due to various advertise, stress, strains anxiety disorder are common in today’s life. Incidence rate of anxiety disorders in increasing day by day which has created major problems in society. There is no correlation as such found in Ayurveda text for this disease, but it can be considered in Mansika Vikara (Manoavsada), where different type of symptoms like; Shoka, Bhaya, Irshaya, Atiraga, Abhidhyaya, Kaam, Krodha, Lobha, Moha, Chittuvdvega, Anavasthitamana, Autsukya, Bhrma, Arti etc. are explained. In all Mansika Vikara; Mansika Dosha (Rajja, Tama) are vitiated along with Vatadi Dosha and the treatment aspect of Mansika Vikara, which was told in Ayurveda text basis of Dosha vitiation. This case study is explained about importance of Ksheerabala Taila Nasya in Mansika Vikara (Manavasada).

6

Authors: Thorat Nilesh Suresh, Raut Subhash Y and Kedar Nita M

Smooth, extratesticular, spherical cysts in the head of the epididymis are common in adult men. Men are most likely to develop these cysts around the age of 40. Children rarely get them before they become teenagers. It’s hard to give an exact percentage of men who have Epididymal cysts because, most people who have them don’t even know it, but some studies have shown that about 1 in 6 men have them1 . Here in, we report bilateral epididymal cyst in a 65 year –old man. He was admitted to Shalya department with symptoms of Hydrocele and acute B/ L scrotum. There was no history of trauma or infection. B/L Epididymal cyst was diagnosed on ultrasonographic evaluation. Medical treatment did not stop his scrotal pain. During exploration there was B/L epididymal cyst with B/L hydrocele. An excision of cyst was performed.

7

Authors: Rajeshwari P.N, Sharath S.G., and Amrita M. Nandakumar

A 39yr old, average built male patient radiologically diagnosed as a case of Avascular necrosis of left femoral head (Ficat and Arlet stage2) with sacralised L-5 vertebra, came to hospital with complaints of pain over left lower back radiating towards left lower limb (Visual analogue scale-grade 6) along with decreased range of movements in the left hip joint for last...years. In Ayurveda, it can be understood under Asthi-majjagata vata (musculoskeletal disorder) and treated accordingly. Initially, the patient had been administered with conservative medicines Rasnasapthakam kashyam and ashtachoorna, dhanyamla dhara (pouring liquid), sarvanga abhyanga (mild therapeutic massage) and bashpa sweda(steam) along with physiotherapy. Further, manjishtadi ksheera and Guggulutikthaka ghritha(100ml) was administered as Yoga basti (Medicated Enema given for 8days). This resulted in relief of pain to grade ‘2’ on visual analogue scale and improvement in range of motion of left hip joint.

7

Authors: Rajeshwari P N, Rabinarayan Tripathy, Revana Siddesh, Shijo Y J and Amrita M. Nandakumar

Gastro – esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which stomach acid or bile irritates the esophageal lining. Acid reflux can give rise to irritation and inflammation of lower end of esophagus. Stomach acids travel upwards causing an unpleasant burning sensation and it is referred to hyperacidity or heartburn. The nervous system and endocrine system work together to improve gastric secretion and motility. Its balance is maintained when food is eaten, and secretion is suppressed when stomach empties. The stages of HCL secretion has cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase. Fasting, overeating while having indigestion, practicing irregular eating habits, stress full work, overnight awaking cause increased acid secretion. Ayurveda references say Yastimadhu Ksheerapaka is a good remedy for hyperacidity and it is successfully used in curing many stomach ailments. Yastimadhu Ksheerapaka with its properties like madhura, rasaandvipaka, seta, snigdhagurugunas will shield the excess acid secretion and balance it. This occurs due to the antagonistic action of yashtimadhukseerapaka on hyperacidity/GERD. The present case report deals with brief discussion on action Yastimadhu Ksheerapaka and its importance in the management of Hyperacidity

7

Authors: Urja Singh and Akhilesh Shrivastava

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is one of the most common disorder in present era which is result of altered and stressful lifestyle. It includes GI symptoms particularly associated with lower bowel in absence of demonstrable organic pathology. Main symptoms include change in stool consistency or frequency (sometimes diarrhoea, sometimes constipation), sour belching, acidity, abdominal bloating and indigestion. These symptoms strongly resemble with Grahni Roga mentioned in our classical texts. Six patients of different age group came with the complaint of acidity, indigestion, irregular bowel habits since last 3-5 months. On taking history it was revealed that working in IT sector they were suffering from excessive work stress. Stress induces Pitta Dosha and partly Vata Dosha. This vitiation creates disturbance in Pachak Pitta and Samaan Vayu which leads to disturbance in normal functioning of Jatharaagni. The patients were prescribed combination of, (1) Panchaamrit Parpati 125mg, Praval Pisti 250 mg, Shunthi Churna 1 gm BD with honey (2) Shatavari Ghrita 5 gm BD (3) Pratimarsh Nasya with Dashmool Tail. The treatment protocol was of 2 month. The medicine was administered after taking half the quantity of meal or in between the meal as it is tha kaal of Saman Vaayu. After two month tharapy there was marked relief in symptoms.

7

Authors: H. Namana and Kadibagil Vinay R

Rasashastra is an important branch which deals with Rasadravyas which are widely used in therapeutics in the present era. Bhasmas of Rasadravyas play an important role, as their nanoparticles renders them to be easily absorbed by the human body. Acharyas have explained in Rasashastra Classical texts, the preparation method of Bhasma through incineration process for therapeutic effect. To confirm that the incineration is complete, certain Bhasma parikshas are been mentioned such as- rekhapurnatva, varitaratva etc. The Bhasmas which pass these tests (parikshas) are considered to be Pakva Bhasma whereas those that do not pass these tests are considered as apakva Bhasma. Administration of pakwa Bhasma gives therapeutic effect, whereas administration of ashudha (due to improper shodhana/purification or no shodhana/not purified at all) and apakva (due to imporper incineration) leads to diseases or disorders. Acharyas have not only mentioned the specific complications that occur due to these but also their antidotes to overcome them. Hence, in this review, we highlight the importance of Bhasma along with the ill-effects and treatment for ashuddha and apakwa Bhasma.

7

Authors: Jagruti Chaple

The most purified or vital part of Dhatus is known as sara. Ayurvedic conceptof Dhatu Sarata (Tissue excellence) determine the strength of person. According to Ayurved our body is made up of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala, they are roots of our body. As dosha are structural and functional units of human body, mala are to keep the body healthy and clean and and Dhatu give support and strength to our body. Examination of ‘Saratva’ indicates ‘Bala’ of an individual. One cannot function without ‘Bala’. For both aims of Ayurveda namely maintenance of health and to cure the disease. The knowledge of Sarata is important. Also, it can be stated that the person who is having good sarata definitely has a good Bala. So physician needs to know his ‘Bala’.

8

Authors: Vaibhavi P.Patil and Vikram R. Jadhav

Calcium is the essential element for normal body growth. Calcium deficiency leads to a decrease in bone density causing osteoporosis. It is observed that many people are unaware of this fact until they meet an accident. It is advisable to have a calcium supplement after age 40. Although calcium tablets are administered, all the calcium may not be bio-accessible. In order to know how much of the calcium actually is absorbed; bio-accessibility studies are important. Taking into consideration the importance of calcium, present work is undertaken estimate the calcium content and its bio-availability in various calcium tablets by using the flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The studies will be helpful in prescribing the dosage to osteoporotic patients.

8

Authors: Sumit Sharma, Sakshi and Subhash Upadhyay

Ayurveda is science of life dealing with prevention and cure of diseases. The notion of Anuvanshiki (Genetics) has been known to the eminent scholars centuries back. Every life starts from a seed to grow into an individual as we see in process of budding of a plant from a littleseed. Acharya Sushruta & Charaka gave relevant concepts regarding hereditary and its effects during developmental period and even for later stage of life. Genes are the structural & functional unit of hereditary which is encoded with genetic information for an individual. The article is based on the Anuvanshiki Siddhanta with the ideology of modern genetics including teratological impact. The advancement in technology based life has a severe impact over the upcoming progeny (generation) because of the induced stress level, work pressure, sedentary lifestyle which over all affects the fertility rate. It is reviewed under literary methodology by putting together the thoughts of contemporary sciences and classical literature.

8

Authors: Misant Dhakal, Rajalaxmi M G, Padmakiran C and Niranjan Rao

Sankara sweda is one amongst the 13 varieties of sweda explained by Acharya Charaka and it can be included under Ushma sweda amongst the 4 classes of sweda. Sankara sweda can be administered as both ruksha and snigdha variety by changing the drugs. It can be indicated both in ekanga and sarvanga vyadhi. Sandhigata vata is a vatavyadhi which is explained elaborately in Ayurveda classics. Various vata prakopaka nidana are the major causative factors for vatavyadhi. In Parihani kala, dhatukshaya is predominent, also increases the risk of vata prakopa. When vata increases, it has a negative impact on asthi dhatu that leads to quantitative and qualitative kshaya of asthi dhatu. Clinical manifestations of Janu sandhigata vata include sandhishotha, akunchana prasaranayo vedana, atopa and sandhi gati hanana. In modern parlance these symptoms mimic Osteoarthritis of knee joint. Along with the general treatment of vata vyadhi, Snigdha sweda is a modality of choice in case of dhatu kshaya janya vata vyadhi. In this study, snigdha variety of Sankara sweda was administered to 15 patients diagnosed as Janu sandhigata vata for 7 consecutive days. After statistical analysis of the data collected before and after the treatments, the relief brought about by the treatment was found to be significant and the overall effect of treatment on majority of the symptoms of janu sandhigata vata was promising.

8

Authors: Kunal Ojha, Govind Pareek, Preeti Sharma and Sunil Kumar Sharma

Premature Ejaculation is defined as ejaculation before the completion of satisfactory sexual activity for both partners. Premature ejaculation is a common sexual disorder and has been estimated to occur in 4-39% of men is general community. In Modern medical science there is no any satisfactory treatment to get rid of premature ejaculation. So we are try to find out better option in the management of premature ejaculation through Ayurveda. Acharya charaka has given eight factors regarding shukra ejaculation tendency i.e. harsha, tarsha, sara, pachilya, gaurva, anuprnav bhava and aggravation of vata. With the help of Ayurveda science, in this present conceptual study, we are trying to understand the basic concept of Shukra pravritikar bhava and its important in clinical practice along with some herbo-mineral compounds and Yogik procedure which can helpful to get control over this disease.

8

Authors: Madhumati Chidre, R.S. Dhimdhime, K.B. Pawar and Prashant Baghel

Hypothyroidism is the underactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to inadequate production of thyroid hormones and a slowing of vital body functions. Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder observed in 5% population, mainly females in present time. Thyroxin is the only means for combating this problem in the patients of hypothyroidism. External thyroxin supplementation is not only a burden but it leaves the patients without actually treating the underlying cause. Ayurveda plays an important role to rule out the underlying cause and treat it. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Kapha dosha dushti, Rasavaha Strotasadushti, Medadushtiand Manovaha Strotasa Dushti. In this case study, the primary aim was to manage Hypothyroidism with Ayurvedic medicine. Patient was treated by oral medications and Panchakarma therapies like Vamana, Shirodhara, Nasya etc. The present case study has focused effectiveness of Ayurvedic therapy in primary hypothyroidism.

9

Authors: Neha Rawat and Rakesh Roushan

Food is the third most important thing for living beings to live after air and water. This shows the importance of food for life. These are eight specific factors of method of dieting which is calledAshtavidhaAahar Vidhi Visheshayatan. Aahar is food, vidhiis method, vishesh is pecular and ayatan is abode.Ashtavidhaaaharvidhivisheshayatan includes Prakriti (nature), Karana (processing), Samyoga (combination), Rashi (quantity), Desha (place), kala (time/ stage of the disease), Upayoga-Samstha (rules for use) and Upayoktra (consumer). Though we know food is important and we consume it in daily life, its various roles in the body are quite different as food is very vital for energy. Lack of awareness and self-discipline are two primary reasons for falling ill. Not understanding one’s own physical constitution, wrong food habits and bad life style disturbs the natural proportion of five basic elements and adversely affects the functioning of Vata, Pittaand Kapha. Every person should eat by keeping this in mind about their own Prakriti(constitution) and the Prakriti(nature) of food. The characteristics of the eight factors of dieting are inter-dependent (for example, a substance of optimum quantity taken in the right season and in the right place). Any regimen prescribed should be done after gaining a thorough understanding of the food articles from these eight aspects for them to be wholesome.

9

Authors: Kajree Pardeshi and Vinay Kadibagil

In ancient literature Rasashastra, Rasa or Parada (Mercury) has been described to be of divine origin. The importance of Parada (mercury) in Rasa texts is mentioned for Rasa Chikitsa. In Rasashastra the process of Shodhana is having a greater importance hence wide range of purification methods are described for each metal & minerals including Parada (mercury). The literary meaning of ‘Shodhana’ is purification but in Rasashastra Shodhana is a Samskara (process or procedure) which essentially brings out modifications or alteration in properties along with removal of impurities from the metal or mineral. Present study deals with the purification of Parada (mercury) mentioned in the classics making it therapeutically potential. Aims and objectives- Purification of Parada (mercury) was carried out classically as per the Rasa Tarangini reference and its organoleptic characters were observed. Materials and Methods- in Ayurveda different references by different authors are available for Shodhana of Parada. For the present study mercury was triturated with equal quantity of Sudha Churna (limestone) in a stone mortar for 36 hours. Further it was triturated again with Lashuna Kalka (garlic paste) and Saindhava (salt) continuously for 8 hours together. Detailed observations and organoleptic characters were noted during the procedure. Result and conclusion- This method was chosen; as the ingredients are easily available. Total quantity of mercury taken was- 500g and obtained quantity of Parada from Sudha Churna was– 439g, further from Lashuna Kalka obtained quantity of mercury was 365g. Following this method of Shodhana (purification) mercury can be purified and used for various pharmaceutical procedures also as an ingredient in various formulations making it potent therapeutically.

9

Authors: Thuhina K C, Rachana C, Vani B and Hariharaprasad Rao

Pinda taila is indicated for external application in the form of abhyanga in the case of vatarakta associated with ruk (pain). A critical analysis of the different references of Pinda taila found in the Ayurvedic classical texts was done to evaluate their similarities and differences. It was observed that the reference of Pinda taila is found in almost all classical textbooks of Ayurveda. Madhucchishta, Manjishta, Sariva and Sarjarasa are the commonly kalka dravya in the preparation of Pinda taila. The reference of Pinda taila in Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Bhaishajya Ratnavali and Sahasrayoga are very similar to each other. Whereas reference of Pinda taila is found entirely different in Chikitsamanjari and Arogyakalpadrumam.

9

Authors: Arora Pooja and Acharya Shrinidhi Kumar K

Children are most often afflicted with certain seasonal infectious skin disorders and Impetigo is one among them. This infection is most prevalent in hot humid season of the year and more commonly affect infants, preschool children and young adult’s population. There are two classical forms of impetigo as Nonbullous and Bullous form, and later is also known as bullous impetigo of which the most common pathogen is staphylococcal infection. This type of impetigo is also known as impetigo neonatorum, which is characterized by scattered thin walled bullae arising from normal skin containing clear yellow or slightly turbid fluid which is devoid of surrounding erythema. The present case study deals with a 31/2 month old male baby, which was clinically diagnosed as a case of Bullous impetigo presented with clinical symptoms like appearance of bullae over the right feet which gets ruptured after 4 to 5 days. It ruptures with discharge of slightly turbid fluid and leaves backs an erythematous superficial ulcer. Subsequently there was appearance of multiple bullae in other parts of the body with same progression. General conditions, feeding habits and routine examination of the baby were normal except slight itchy sensation over the lesion. Baby was breast feed and gaining the weight as per normal standards. Based on the clinical presentation of the disease and Dosha the disease was diagnosed as Charmadala Kusta with involvement of Twaka and Masa Dhatu, Raktavaha Srotus and treated as per Ayurvedic guidelines. Baby was treated with internal medication like Triphla Guggulu, Gandhaka Rasayan, PatolaKatukaRohiniaadi Kshaya in required doses for 15 days along with external application of Sphtikabhasma, Tankanabhasma, Godantibhasma, Prawalbhasma in calculated doses. Parents were advised to bath the child with NimbhaPatra Kashaya. Mother was advised to take certain Sthanya Shodaka Drugs like Patha to nullify remote chances of feeding the vitiated breast milk. After 15 days of Ayurvedic treatment baby was relived from clinical complaints with no recurrence. However the child was advised to continue KatukaRohinyadhi Kashaya, Nimbodaka Snana for next 15days. The case detail will be discussed in full paper.

10

Authors: Vinay Kumar H S, Gopikrishna S and Ajantha

Ahara containing Shad Rasa undergo Pachana (digestion) at different levels in order to nourish the Dhatu. In Ayurveda, the process of digestion take place in two stages, namely, Avastapaka and Nisthapaka. Avasthapaka is the stage in the state or form of Ahara in the Amashaya and Pakvashaya in the course of digestion. This includes three stages i.e. Madhura Avasthapaka, Amla Avasthapaka and Katu Avasthapaka. Nisthapaka or Vipaka is conversion of Ahara Rasa into state of assimilation. Jataragni initiates and maintains Pachana of Ahara into Ahara Rasa. The Ahararasa then gets absorbed to respective dhatu by the action of Dhatwagni and Bhutagni. Variations in this process lead to various diseases. Hence, the stages and process of Ahara Pachana karma plays a vital role in maintaining the state of health.

10

Authors: Kameshwaran M, Aruna Sharma, Jayaprakash R and Lakshmi Priya S

The plants Cissus quadrangularis have been used in traditional medicine for many years to promote bone and tissues healing, it was also used as antioxidant, for healing of gastric ulcers and several other ailments. This review was an attempt to summarize various animal and human studies and in vitromodels that have been conducted to determine the efficiency and safety of this plant as a medicament.

10

Authors: Sapna Malviya and P. Dwivedi

Clerodendron serratum belongs to family verbenaceae known as Bharangi commonly found in the India. The Clerodendron serratum showed anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, tuberculosis, antiasthmatic, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The Clerodendron serratum contains D-mannitol, cleroflavone, apigenin, scutellarein, serratagenic acid, queretaroic acid and γ-sitosterol.The phytochemical screening was performed on petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolicextractsof the plant. Analytical techniques (Thin Layer Chromatography, Fourier Transmittance Infrared and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) and chemical test confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids and saponins in plant extracts. Most of the phytochemicals were present in chloroform and methanol extracts.The alkaloid found in chloroform and methanol extract respectively at Rf 0.42 and 0.45. Flavanoids and phenol were present in chloroform and methanol extract. Terpenoids and saponins were present in methanol extract while steroids were observed in chloroform extract only. Further antibacterial and antifungal activities were also performed which showed positive result for plant extracts.

10

Authors: Trupti Patil, Ashvini Deshmukh and Meenakshi Amrutkar

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders. Whether a patient has Type 1 or 2 Diabetes makes no difference when it comes to the factor of Diabetic wounds. More than 50% of diabetic wounds can increase the risk of amputation, if proper & fast treatment is not provided. This study is an attempt to bring ayurveda from laboratory to practice. Objectives: Development of the standard manufacturing process of polyherbal gel with selected ingredients & analysis of the study drug physico-chemically to develop its standard. Methods: Pharmaceutical development of polyherbal gel from Durva (Cynodondactylon), Nimba (Azadirachtaindica), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Daruharidra (Berberisaristata)&Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhizaglabra) & physico – chemical analysis was done by different parameters e.g., physical appearance, pH, skin irritation test, rancidity test, homogeneity etc. Results: In terms of standardization pH of gel was ≤ 6 (acidic) which would be healthy for better recovery of wounds. The gel was homogenous, skin compatible & no rancidity seen. Conclusion: Topical applications have faster & better results than oral medications. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a safe, potent, effective & easy to use on daily basis with the longer shelf life & cost effective remedy of Ayurveda in the form of polyherbal gel.

11

Authors: Om Prakash Panwar, Suparna Saha, Gajendra Kumar Dubey, Pankaj Tanwar, Rajendra Prasad Sharma and K. Shankar Rao

Vanga bahasma is a type of herbo-mineral preparation. Usage of herbo minerals as therapeutic agents has been in practice since centuries. Ayurvedic system of medicine should be considered the pioneer regarding the pharmaceutical processing and therapeutic application of metals. Herbo mineral formulations of Ayurveda constituting bhasma as an ingredient are as superior as it is even today. Manufacturing methods of bhasma preparations are in tune with nanotechnology of contemporary era and proved the advancement of Rasashastra, which may cover scientific validation of today.

11

Authors: Prabhu Niranjan, Padigar Shrikanth, Sagri Ravikrishna

Introduction: Ayurveda opines everything in the universe is medicinal, emphasizes on utility of local flora in treatment. This led to introduction of several new drugs into Ayurveda materia medica. Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm belonging to the family Lauraceae, is endemic to Western Ghats. The leaf as well as bark are used extensively by folklore practitioners in treating various ailments such as rheumatism, asthma, ulcer, bruise, mental upset, fractures, swellings, weakness and debility. The references about this drug are not given in samhita or nighantus of Ayurveda and not considered as a controversial source plant for any of the drug. Methodology: The historical review was carried out by collecting the relevant material from Vedas, Samhitas, and Nighantus and also the information about the mentioning of the drug in recent day are reviewed from relevant textbooks, journals. Results: The drug is not considered as a source for any of the drug mentioned in Samhita or Nighantus. Newly coined Sanskrit name was Picchilataru and various therapeutic applications are mentioned in detail in various ethnomedico-botanical surveys which are published. Conclusion: The leaf and bark of Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm are highly medicinal. It can be easily cultivated, simple, safe, costeffective and potent medicine in treating rheumatism, fracture, asthma and ulcer.

12

Authors: Rathor Gourav Kumar and Shrinidhi Kumar K.

Ayurveda the rich medical science which is formulated by keeping the nature as reference, has the credit of protecting the life of Indians since centuries. Meanwhile Ayurveda has given equal importance to child health as evidenced by many references. Certain emergency procedure in childhood practice like new born resuscitation is very essential procedure to save the life of the child. We find explanation of such emergency procedure in Ayurveda too under the heading of Pranaprathyagamana. This includes certain vital steps of resuscitating the baby immediately after birth, by different methods of stimulating the respirations and reviving the baby. Principles behind different steps adapted by Ayurveda in the process of resuscitation nowhere differ from present techniques of contemporary medical sciences and looks like guideline for present advancement in the resuscitation. Analyses of terms like Ashmano sangattana, Krisha Kapalika Shoorpa etc shows similar concepts of sensory stimulation and initiation of breathing by different methods. Certain step adopted are similar to oxygen hood box method, bag and mask ventilation. Further modification of oxygen and aseptic care in Ayurveda has been explained in a comprehensive way.

12

Authors: Sadhana Misar (Wajpeyi)

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in which increased blood sugar level is caused due to inadequate insulin secretion, diminished tissue response to insulin, or both. It is predicted to rise of global incidence from 366 million people to about 552 million in the next two decades. It is a leading cause of death, disability and carries a large socioeconomic burden globally. The etiological factors and symptoms of Diabetes mellitus can be compared with Madhumeha, a type of Prameha in Ayurveda. Acharya Charak described it under Santarpanajanya vyadhi. Diet plays an important role in etiopathogenesis of Prameha. Hence Pathyakara ahar has major role in preventing the type II Diabetes. Among all Pathya, Yava/ Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the best Ruksha santarpan dravya described in Prameha Chikitsa by Acharya Charak. Many research studies conducted on it concluded that Yava should be used as food & medicinal preparation in any form for management of the lifestyle disorders (Santarpanjanya vyadhi) mainly Diabetes, Hypercholestrolemia and Obesity. The present paper aims at putting forward the importance of Yava in the prevention and dietary management of Prameha.

12

Authors: Pritam Moharana and Rakesh Roushan

Ayurved has described agni as an important factor for digestion and metabolism in human body. There are three sets of agnies help in the process of digestion at their own level. Aahar is one sub-supporters needed for daily life. After the digestion of aahar by jatharagni it turns into aahar rasa and kitta. Samana vayu brings the aahar rasa in to hridaya. From the heart vyana vayu ejects the aahar ras forcefully continuously and simultaneously to the whole body. Bhutagni helps in transformation and dhatvagni for the synthesis and breakdown of tissue. So all these physiological process depends upon the agni. It is basically important to our overall health. Disturbance of agni lead to formation of aam which will cause diseases. In the present article there is some review with the help of references available in the classics that may be helpful to all.

13

Authors: Jharna Hazarika, Om Prakash Gupta and Bishnu Prasad Sarma

The insomnia is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping or inadequate, poorquality sleep. They may have difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during night with difficulty returning to sleep, and awaking up too early in the morning. It is followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability and a depressed mood. The findings suggest that sleeplessness epidemic affects an estimated 150 million in developing world. Words such as Anidra, Nidranasha & Asvapna are used for insomnia in Ayurvedic literature. Charaka included the Asvapna on 80 Nanatmaja vata diseases. The present clinical study was in the management of anidra with jatamansi churna and shirodhara. According to Dravya Guna Vijanan Jatamansi is nidrajanan drug and under Murdini taila siroseka is said to be effective in inducing sound sleep. Fifty patients were selected randomly from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Jalukbari, Guwahati-14, Assam. Group A was treated with Jatamansi churna with a dose of 1gm twice daily with adequate amount of water for 60 days. Group B was treated with Jatamansi churna for same dose as group A for 60 days along with Shirodhara with Tila Taila for 7 days. After completion of the study result were assessed in terms of clinical recovery, symptomatic relief and improvement of ASI score. The study showed good results.

13

Authors: Sneha G. Nair, Vikram R. Jadhav and Satyam S. Bakare

Ixora coccinea is a shrub grown throughout India. It belongs to genus Ixora and is used for a variety of ailments as per Indian traditional Ayurveda system of medicine. Dandruff is a common scalp disorder with high prevalence in population. Our main aim was to check whether this plant have antidandruff activity or not. Our plant had showed that unique antidandruff property. The research work carried outlines isolation and identification of Malassezia furfur from dandruff sample, extraction of Ixora coccinea plant, synthesis of green silver nanoparticle from Ixora coccinea plant extract, comparison of plant extract and green silver nanoparticle by well diffusion technique, formulation of herbal shampoo and finally comparison of herbal shampoo and commercially available antidandruff shampoo. The antidandruff activity shown by Silver Nanoparticles of Ixora coccinea plant extract was significant. This suggests its potential activity against infections caused by pathogens. The green silver nanoparticle is developed as an antidandruff agent. Thus, formulated herbal shampoo was eco-friendly and effective, which showed equally good results as that of commercially available shampoo.

13

Authors: Pritam Moharana and Rakesh Roushan

The purpose of Ayurveda science is to maintain the health of the healthy and cure disease of diseased. In Ayurveda a person is said to be healthy when Dosha, Agni, Dhatu, all the physiological process are in homeostatic state and soul, sense organ and mind are in a state of total wellbeing. Vata dosha acts as yantratantradhara which means in its normal stateit maintains the function of organs and organ systems. Among five vata dosha, udana vayu is located in urah(thorax region), and travel across nasa (nasal passage), nabhi (umblicus), and gala (throat region). It is responsible for the production of speech, effort, energy and maintenance of strength required for the purpose. It also helps in remembrance of vocabulary required to make the speech meaningful. That’s why it is considered as pavanottama. It collaborates with prana and vyana vayu to perform most of its functions. All the functions of udana vayu can be compared with physiological functions of anatomical structure of contemporary modern medical science. Basically Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, thymus gland, serotonin like happy hormone, motor area of cerebral cortex and other structures might be compared with the functions of udana vayu. Very few works have been accomplished on conceptual features of vata. In this article an attempt has been made to correlate the physiological activity of udana vayu with modern medical science. For this study, the basic materials have been collected from the Ayurvedic classics with the available commentaries, as well as Text books of contemporary modern medical science have been referred for better understanding of the concept and its comparison with contemporary science.

14

Authors: Priyanka Rani,Vishal Verma, Sheetal Verma, and Vimal Kumar

Keloid/hypertrophic scar is a rare benign, dermal, fibro-proliferative growth characterized by excessive formation of collagen, without any malignant potential. In Ayurveda, Vrangranthi disease can be corelated with keloid or hypertrophic scar of modern medicine in its symptomatology. Keloids are one of the most challenging conditions to treat due to their high reoccurrence rate. Kshar and agnikarma are the potential therapies mentioned in Ayurveda for such conditions. Shastra karma is for excision, while use of agnikarma and kshar tail after excision is considered to be effective in avoiding the relapse in condition of benign outgrowth such as keloid/ hypertrophic scars. In the present study 30 patients divided in three groups were studied. Group A was intra-keloidal corticosteroid injection; n=10, Group B was application of kshar tail on keloid/ hypertrophic scar; n=10, Group C was combination of Shastra karma, agnikarma and kshar tail application; n=10. Friedman’s test and kruskal wallis test were applied to see the efficacy of which group was better & to see the reduction in relapse of keloid. Finally study concluded that Group A is better than Group B and Group C, as it was standard group and between group B and Group C, Group C was better in efficacy and in relapse rate.

14

Authors: Sawant Shreya Umesh and Hartalkar Savita Jayant

Yoga and Ayurveda, both sciences have many unique features which can greatly enrich the current system of health care delivery and medicare besides their role in the upliftment of the social, mental and spiritual status of humanity at large. There is sufficient potential in Yoga and Ayurveda to enrich the health care and medical management in the present time. It is true need to interpret both sciences which will really show magical results and actually works together as a system to balance physical and mental health of an individual. In present study, the effort is made to suggest yogic kriya according to ones prakriti as per Ayurveda to maintain the state of health and also in diseases.

17

Authors: Manjula and Mita Kotecha

Madhooka (Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel) commonly known as Mahua is widely utilized with its bark, flower and leaves used for medicinal preparations, also having a variety of ethnobotanical uses, used by tribals in Mahua production belt of India inclusive of both medicinal and nutritional uses. Vast literature regarding it is available, but its morphology and properties from Ayurveda perspective have not been compiled yet. Present paper incorporates complete description in vedic literature, samhita and nighantu in a systemic and structured manner. It was found that Madhooka has been given various names viz. Alpaphala, Dolaphala, Lodhrapushpa, Vanaprastha, Sthiradruma, Koshapushpa, Gudapushpa, Teekshnasara, Madhu, Madhupoorna, Madhupushpa, Mahadruma, Madhudruma, Madhava whereas Jala Madhooka has been mentioned as Madhoola, Deerghapatraka, Hrasvapushpa, Svaduphala, Gaudiko, Madhoolika, Jalakhyaka, Deerghaputra, Goranga, Patanga, Keereshta in accordance with its morphology and properties. Most of the texts have quoted Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta rasa and Sheeta veerya for Madhooka which may be taken as bark while Madhura rasa and vipaka; Guru, Snigdha, Vikasi guna; Sheeta veerya have been assigned to Madhooka pushpa. Also, pushpa has been ascribed as Teekshna guna and Ushna veerya by Kaiyadev Nighantu. Priya Nighantu clarified that Ardra pushpa is sheeta veerya whereas shushka pushpa is ushna veerya. Madhooka is Pushti- Veerya vardhaka whereas Madhooka pushpa is Balya, Brimhana, Vrishya. Concerned drug is having Vata- pitta nashaka action. Conclusively, it may be used as a nutritional product or may be used in male impotency, Vatavyadhi, Krimidosha, Shvasa, Raktapitta or may be used for regaining strength in various debilitating conditions.

19

Authors: Ankita, Bipan Chander and Shaily Jalan

From the ages, human beings want to look beautiful. There are many references in classics and history books regarding the methods of beautification and maintenance of beauty. Ayurveda teaches that beauty, health and a happy long life are achievable only by understanding how all aspects of life contributes to bring balance to the body and mind. In Ayurveda inner and outer beauty are intimately related. Outer beauty is what we most commonly consider as the field of beauty. It includes the obvious traits such as contour of the body, texture of the skin, and the quality of the hair. The hair plays an important role in making body externally beautiful. Nice and good-looking long hair makes a person mentally enthusiastic and healthy indeed. Now a days a separate branch of dermatology known as Trichology which deals with hair growth and hair disease etc; is becoming extensively popular. In Ayurveda hair is referred to ‘Kesha’. Detailed descriptions regarding formation of hair, care of hair, hair diseases and their treatment with numerous herbal preparations and therapies are found in the rich heritage of Ayurveda. Ayurveda can immensely contribute in hair care. This article includes detailed description of Ayurvedic aspect of Trichology based on various references found in Ayurvedic texts.

5

Authors: Foram Joshi and Jasmina Acharya

INTRODUCTION: Fibroidenomas of breast are benign tumours characterised by an admixture of stromal and epithelial tissue. Basing upon the sign and symptoms, Saumya Arbuda of Stana can be correlated with fibroadenoma of breast. Inconvenience for operative procedure, poor cardio-respiratory assessment, unfitness for surgery and anaesthesia both etc are the causes to select medical management for breast fibroidenoma. Classical Ayurvedic treatment is having potential role in the management of Saumya Arbuda of Stana. This case was studied to understand the role of Ayurvedic medications in the management of Saumya Arbuda of Stana i.e. Fibroidenoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Known case of fibroadennoma was enrolled for the study from OPD, SRPT Department, PD Patel Ayurved Hospital, Nadiad, and was treated with Kanchnaar Guggulu, Varunadi Kwath and Dashanga Lepa. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Satisfactory results were noted by reduction of lump size in one breast and complete remission of fibroidenoma in another breast. It is mentioned in classics that, Kanchanara is having Gandamalahar property by its Prabhava. Thus it breaks glandular pathological growth. Also, Varuna is described as Ashmarihara property. Any formation of solid pathological structural growth demands presence of Kapha Dosha. Varuna and Kanchanar both are having Kaphahara property. Moreover, Dashanga lepa helps in reduction of inflammatory growth. CONCLUSION Positive and satisfactory results shows efficacy of applied Ayurvedic therapy in the management of fibroidenoma. Further clinical trial on large number of patients may help in generating scientific data for definitive outcome.

6

Authors: Mofida Khatun, Om Prakash Gupta and Bishnu Prasad Sarma

Sthaulya or Obesity is a metabolic disorder and it is common among those people who consume excessive medakara ahar and vihar, lack physical activity, those who experience stress, improper dietary habits etc. W.H.O. now considers obesity to be a global epidemic and a public health problem. The major health consequences associated with obesity are cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease), hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis etc. Obesity is a chronic disease and its prevalence is increasing day by day in both developed and developing countries. As per Ayurveda, Acharya Charak has counted sthaulya under the eight varieties of impediments which are designated as nindita purusha. In ayurvedic classics herbal and herb-mineral medicine has been described in management of sthualya. A clinical trial of phalatrikadi yoga was done on 30 cases at Kayachikitsa Department, Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Jalukbari for sthaulya treatment. A single group of patient was advised to take orally phalatrikadi yoga (churn) 3gm twice daily with luke warm water or tila taila for a period of 3 month. During the present clinical study it was observed that phalatrikadi yoga has a significant effect on sthaulya (medaroga) by lowering the elevated lipid profile and reducing weight. No side effects observed during the clinical trial

6

Authors: Amitkumar K. Sonawane

Atopic dermatitis (AD), or eczema, is the most common chronic relapsing skin disease seen in infancy and childhood1 . It affects 10-30% of children worldwide and frequently occurs in families with other atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy. AD patients thereby have increased risk of bacterial, viral, and fungal infection related to impairment of innate immunity, including a loss of barrier function and impaired generation of antimicrobial peptides2 . In this case study, subject was 18 months old female toddler and had intermittent, pruritic rashes on her cheeks, mouth and extremities since past 9 months. Haridradi ghritam were used as local application every day for 30 days. The assessment criteria were subjectivepruritus and crusted area. The effect of local application of “Ghrit T” is to enhance skin barrier function. At the end of 30th day no pruritus or crusted area was seen at affected area.

6

Authors: Suparna Saha, Omprakash Panwar, Gajendra Dubey, Promod Debbarma, Sanjay Kumar, and K. Shankar Rao

Druti kalpana is one of the important formulations in Rasashastra. Druti of ratna and dhatus are mentinoed in various Rasa texts but the preparation procedure is so difficult. Among the druti kalpana, gandhak druti is very easy to prepare and its efficacy in skin disorder is wellknown to Ayurvedic practitioners. In the present study gandhak druti was prepared by several classical methods. Four types of gandhak druti were prepared and analyzed by the organoleptic parameters. Various methods of preparation of gandhak druti are available in classics. The method which was described by the Rasendra Chudamani was easy to prepare. The maximum yield was also observed in the procedure mentioned in Rasendra Chudamani.

6

Authors: Vathana Alfred, Bental Daisy Sheeja and Solomon Jeeva

The study focuses on the ethno-medicinal significance of Pteridophytes which are widely used by the local people of Marunthuvazhmalai hills, southern Western Ghats. A total of 25 species of pteridophytes were collected from the study area, of these, 20 taxa of pteridophytes are ethnomedicinally important, which are being used in Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathic and other preparations.

7

Authors: Acharya Pinaki and Ali Karab

Background: Gulma roga is a condition in which a mass of cell is formed within the abdomen. All tumors and tumor like growths in the body are caused due to conflict between vata and kapha doshas. Objective: To study the concept of vataja gulma along with its modern interpretation. Method: All the classical text along with modern books are been thoroughly studied. Discussion: Correlation of Gulma roga is quite difficult as any palpable mass found in the nine quadrant can be correlated. Based on the signs and symptoms here vataja gulma is correlated with chronic intussusception, phantom tumor and umbilical hernia. Conclusion: The signs and symptoms of vataja gulma are quite similar to chronic intussusception, phantom tumor and umbilical hernia. Hence, an attempt has been made to focus on the above concept.

7

Authors: Dilip B. Valvi, Arun M. Lakahapti and S. Y. Raut

Thrombosed hemorrhoids are typically external hemorrhoids that have no blood flow due to a blood clot in veins. Patients with these prolapsed, thrombosed, mucosal - covered hemorrhoids are often in severe pain. Thrombosed hemorrhoids are not considered to be dangerous, yet they can be quite painful. Venous return of strangulated pile mass becomes very low and severe edema takes place along with serious painful condition1 . In most cases, the blood clot is eventually reabsorbed by the body and the symptoms resolve themselves. Conservative treatment is aimed at the relief of pain, and definitive surgery can then be postponed for some weeks until after the acute episodes have settled. A thrombosed hemorrhoid is a painful condition. Leeches can be used as a successful tool in this situation by relieving venous pooling of blood and also by liquefying the clotted blood in pile mass. In present case study, a patient of thrombosed hemorrhoids was cured by Jalaukavacharan2 (leech application).

7

Authors: Vishakha R Wetal, Pankaj Sharma, Arun Gupta and Shalini Prakash

A 19years old female patient with complain of low back pain radiating to right leg, numbness in right foot & difficulty in walking, diagnosed as a case of sciatica was treated with Siravedha. In Ayurveda disease may be correlated with gridhrasi. The management was done with Siravedha, on the basis of line of treatment of Gridhrasi as mentioned in Charaka samhita - “अन्तराकण्डरागुल्फं सिरा बस्त्यग्निकर्मच”. (Blood-letting by venous puncture at the site of ankle joint. Two sittings of Siravedha were done with interval of 10 days in between. After 1 st sitting there was mild improvement in pain & numbness and after 2nd sitting there was significantly improvement in pain and numbness. Assessment was done with Oswestry low back pain questionnaire and SLR test. Before treatment Oswestry low back pain questionnaire score & SLR was 40% and 45 degree, respectively. After treatment Oswestry low back pain questionnaire score and SLR was 13.3% and 85degree, respectively. Conclusion: Siravedha provides instant relief in Gridhrasi thus found significant value in the management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica).

7

Authors: Rashmi Pujar and Aswin Haridas

Ayurveda emphasizes on treating diseased person and also maintaining the health of the person1 . Vatavyadhi holds a very important role because of which our Acharyas has devoted a chapter on Vatavyadhi2 . In Vatavyadhi, sandhigatavata is more common disease seen in present life. Osteoarthritis is very common degenerative chronic musculoskeletal non communicable disease, looking at the findings and description of dhatukshyajanya sandhigatavata osteoarthritis could be equated with it. In sandhigatavata knee joint osteoarthritis is most common because of weight bearing joints. The disease has enormous financial consequences, though it is the disease of late age its incidence in early 40’s is very common in modern times and its prevalence is more. Treatment used in modern medicine is NSAID’s , steroids and joint replacement surgery. Research studies suggest that NSAID’s and steroids are the most common cause of GI complications, where as joint replacement surgery is not affordable for all patients. Tikta Rasa is having the dominancy of Vayu and Akasa Mahabhuta. It can be used in Vataja condition with the combination of Snehadravyas.

8

Authors: Brijesh Kumar, Satya Prakash Chaudhary, Richa Anand, Kirtika and Anil Kumar Singh

Disease Amavata can be correlated to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), which is one among the chronic destructive polyarthritis systemic disease. The exact etiology of the disease is still unknown, but Ama is believed to be acting as an antigen, which trigger the immunological reaction in genetically susceptible individuals. The disease Amavata is diagnosed on symptomatology, specific laboratory tests like RA test, CRP, Collagen profile etc. helpful for diagnosis and prognosis of Rheumatoid arthritis. The criteria laid down by American Rheumatism Association 1987 which comprises 7 criteria helps in the diagnosis of RA. Kadamba is described in vedana hara mahakasaya of Caraka samhita and Shigru as Svayathuhara at many places in vrihatatrayi. Shigru tvaka and Kadamba tvaka kvatha are effective in pain as well as majority of the symptoms of Amavata.

9

Authors: Avinash Pastore and SnehLata Jain

Shotha is a condition which gets manifested due to accumulation of vitiated doshas in between “Twak and Mamsa”. According to Ayurvedic perspective, Shotha is considered as an individual disease as well as complication of several other diseases. According to the concept of modern medicine, inflammation is not disease by itself but it is one of the symptoms of many other diseases and injuries. It is seen that references are available in our classical literature about “DashamoolaTaila” as a medicine to treat Shotha. Dashamooladravyas are referred to as ShothaharaMahakashayaGana by Charaka. The reference of “DashamoolaTaila” 1 is found in “BhaishajyaRatnavali” 65th chapter. Here an attempt is made to prepare “DashamoolaTaila” from both MurchitaTilaTaila and MurchitaSarshapaTaila. Their efficacy was compared with “ChitrakaGhrita” (BR 41/214- 127) which was taken as the standard drug.

9

Authors: Karabi Kumari and Bishnu Prasad Sarma

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition which is characterized by elevated itchy plaques of raised red skin covered with thick silvery micaceous scales. Prevalence of psoriasis in India ranges from 0.5%-1.5% and 1-3% in America and Western countries. Lower prevalence rates are found in Japanese and rare in West Africans. Psoriasis occurs in 2% of world population according to British Medical Journals published in 2015. Kitibha is a type of kshudra kustha described in different Ayurvedic classics. It is a vata- kaphaja disorder. The clinical symptoms of Kitibha described in Ayurveda resembles with the clinical symptom’s of Psoriasis. It is one of the most common dermatological problems of unknown etiology. Medicines which are used in Ayurveda are safe and being practiced since thousands of years. A large number of drugs are described in Ayurveda for the treatment of Kustha. Keeping this view in the mind, Neem and Haritaki were selected as oral drugs and snehan with Stri Kutaja taila followed by swedan with earth worm casting was chosen.

9

Authors: Sakshi Negi, O.P.Singh, D.K. Goyal, D.C. Singh and Deshraj Singh

Ayurveda is a unique part of Indian philosophy is really one of the great wonders of ancient Indian science. Ayurveda is not merely a health science, but it also reflects the genuine style of life. स्वस्थस्यस्वास्थरक्षणमातुरास्यववकारप्रशमनंच( I च.सू .३०/२६) is the first and foremost principle of Ayurveda. Diabetes mellitus is undoubtedly one of the most challenging health problems of the 21st century. In Ayurveda, a condition in which a person passes honey like urine is called Madhumeha. In modern medical science, symptomatology of Madhumeha is equivalent to the feature of diabetes mellitus. Among several health problems diabetes mellitus is a giant disease as one of the arch enemy of the mankind. The Ayurvedic management of diabetes aims not only to achieve a strict glycemic control but also to treat the root cause of the disease. The use of metals and minerals in therapeutics in the form of Rasyoga has been started from the period of classical text in Ayurveda and recommended because of their supremacy in providing quick relief and even treating the incurable disease. So the study was conducted with the objective of clinical evaluation of the herbal drugs in the management of Madhumeha. In this study total 20 no. of patients were taken between the age group of 20-60 years having classical symptoms of Madhumeha and treated with Madhumeha Nashini Gutika described in Rasamrita and Darvyadi Kwath described in Charaka Prameha Chikitsa. At the end of 90 days of treatment by both drugs patient got significant improvement in both subjective and objective criteria. The study confirms that Madhumeha Nashini Gutika and Darvyadi Kwath is effective in the management of Madhumeha and reduces the symptoms of illness.

9

Authors: Sunil kumar Sharma, Jaya Saklani Kala, Rashmi Kathait, Sanjay Kumar Singh , Deshraj Singh and Rakesh Meena

Grahani Roga is a common disease encountered by physicians in day-to-day life. The disease is cumbersome as young aged people are mostly affected by this. Due to chronic nature of disease it affects the quality of life of patients and decreases their productivity at work. The article is about the clinical study of 20 patients of Grahani Roga registered from the O.P.D., P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, Rishikul Campus Haridwar. The present study is aimed at finding effective treatment of Grahani Roga. The drugs selected for managing the patients of Grahani Roga were Pathadya Churna. In this clinical study significant improvement was seen in patients and no complications were found during and after the clinical study

9

Authors: Anju B Uppin

We Indians bow our head in front of Almighty, Guru, Matru, Pitru and all elders as a sign of respect to them. We surrender ourselves completely by bowing our ‘Shiras’. Shiras is considered as uttamanga as it is the seat of Gnanendriya. Acharya Charaka mentioned that shiras is the sthana where indriya, indriyavahasrotas and pranavahasrotas are located. Shiras is one of the Praanayatana as well. Clinical applicability of Shiras is better understood by verse of AcharyaVagbatha, where he said that, Shiras is the moola of a plant and shaaka (Limbs) are its branches. And annihilation of moola leads to complete destruction of a plant. Shiras is one among the Shadanga shareera. Injury to shiras leads to destruction of indriya and causes sharrerikavyadhi. Further Indriyaartha sannikarsha is lost and buddhi is hampered resulting in maanasika vyadhi. So if shiras is affected a person suffers from both Shareerika and manasikavyadhi. Speaking in terms of chikitsa all the Urdhwajatrugata rogas are treated by treating the shiras i.e. either by shirobasthi, shiropichu or shiorabhyanga. Other vyadhis like Jwara, urdhwagaraktapitta, kamala etc are also treated by treating shirasthana. Hence in this paper an effort is made to understand the clinical applicability of shiras in correlation with the modern science.

10

Authors: Jyoti Singh and Bishnu Kumar

The aim of the study is to analyse the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of oral administration of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) to diabetic rats for 30 days significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose and lipids. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of oral administration (400 mg/kg) of the methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera which active ingredients act as hypogycemic and hypolipidemic. The methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) supplementation is useful in controlling the blood glucose level, improves the plasma insulin, lipid metabolism and is beneficial in preventing diabetic complications in experimental diabetic rats; therefore, it could be useful for prevention or early treatment of diabetes mellitus. It also warrants further investigation to isolate and identify the hypogycemic and hypolipidemic principles in this plant so as to elucidate their mode of action.

10

Authors: Jayshree Pandey, O.P. Singh, Shweta Shukla, N. Sujatha

Rapid impact of westernisation, industrialization and stressful lifestyle in the present era, has lead to a considerable increase in the incidence of lifestyle and behavioural diseases. Dyslipidemia is one of the burning topics in today’s era. Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are extremely common in general population. Dyslipidemia is one such disorder which is identified as a potential risk factor for multitudes of diseases like CVD, metabolic syndrome and even HTN. The prevalence of Dyslipidemia is very high in India also, which calls for early and effective intervention strategies to prevent and manage this important risk factor. Because of its high prevalence I have selected this topic entitled “A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Mustadi Kwath in Dyslipidemia vis-à-vis Medodushti”. In Ayurveda, it can be better correlated with Medodushti which is a functional condition and just a precursor stage of Medoroga and can be easily reversible by effective regimen. This study was carried out in OPD and IPD patients of Kayachikitsa department of Rishikul Campus, Haridwar for 90 days. A total of 20 patients were registered for the trial and randomly treated with Mustadi kwath. All the concerned approvals were obtained and data was analyzed by using statistical parameters. There was significant result of Mustadi Kwath, found on lipid profile parameters and blood sugar fasting. So it can be a drug of choice in Dyslipidemia in both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic patients. The present research also proved that there is major role of Agni and Ama in pathogenesis of Dyslipidemia, and all the drugs having Lekhaniya, Dipana, Amapachaka, Kapha-Medohara, Rasayana and Srotoshodhaka qualities will be highly effective.

10

Authors: Anusha Rao M.R. 1 *, Govinda Sharma K. 2 and Nisha Kumari P.R.

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana encompasses a wide variety of Kalpanas. The method of preparation and mode of administration vary vastly amongst them. These variations need to be analysed to get the maximum benefit from each formulation. Synergism and antagonism are two pharmacodynamic terms understood under the purview of Samanya vishesha siddhanta. The facilitation of a pharmacological response by the concomitant use of two or more drugs is called “Synergism”. This co-operation usually results in a total effect greater than the sum of their independent actions. The phenomenon of opposing actions of two drugs on the same physiological systems is termed as “Antagonism”. To understand synergism and antagonism in Ayurvedic formulations, some formulations are analysed, each containing a few ingredients, to see the factors where these are evident. In the context of choosing raw materials, Shodhana method / Processing of drugs specific to the formulation, method of preparation, adjuvants used / Media in which the raw drugs are suspended/dissolved, use of Visha Dravyas, and the method of administration- Kala, Matra ; synergism and antagonism were observed at various stages. To conclude, it was observed that instances of synergism and antagonism were observed at each stage of a formulation, whether amongst the ingredients, or against the site of action of the medicine which elucidates the role of these pharmacodynamic terms in understanding Ayurvedic formulations. Researches done under this light would further help in understanding the concept and mode of action of Ayurvedic formulations.

10

Authors: Ranjana K, Sudheendra Honwad and Shrinidhi.R

As far as Ayurvedic literature is concerned upavisha are the group of drugs which were less poisonous in nature and also not harmful but it can cause several toxic prodrome on consumption or administration .Datura (Datura metel. Linn) is a well-known poisonous plant in Indian system of medicine. It is included in Upavisha by ayurveda texts. In modern view datura is a deliriant type of cerebral poison. . Every parts of Datura plant contains highly toxic alkaloids in dangerous levels and may even cause death if it is consumed by humans or other animals.Seeds are the most toxic part, contains hyoscine, hyoscyamine and atropine alkaloids. In authentic books of Keraliya vishachikitsa like Kriyakoumudi reference of prathyoushada(antidote) for datura visha is available. This review article includes the overall information about the poisonous plant Datura, i.e. both ayurvedic and modern view of datura, in its Toxicological aspect, Medicolegal aspect, therapeutic uses and treatment of Datura poisoning etc.

11

Authors: Rajiv Kumar Sharma and Binod Kalita

Ayurveda is the ancient science of life that deals with the maintenance of health in healthy individuals and curing the disease of diseased persons. Arsha is a type of Guda-gata roga that has its existence from the vedic period till date. This is evident from the fact that almost all the Acharyas have mentioned Arsha along with its treatment in their treatises. In this article we will discuss about the Arsha and its treatment modalities as per Ayurveda.

11

Authors: Upesh M.Likhar

Asthi, one amongst the seven dhatus, is blessed with the function of sharira dharana, providing shape to the body and protecting the vital organs. The state of equilibrium of dhatus is health and its disturbance is termed as disease. This disequilibrium may either be vriddhi (increase-qualitative or quantitative) or kshaya (decrease-qualitative or quantitative). Understanding dhatu is important to understand the underlying pathology of disease. We find many people today suffering from bone disorders which has hampered their living. It is necessary to understand the normal Asthi dhatu to get the knowledge of its abnormality. A healthy Asthi dhatu leads to strong bones capable of carrying us though our lifetime.

11

Authors: Sanchit Jain, Anita Sharma and Sheetal Yadav

In modern era early hair fall has been caused because of various factors like busy schedule (improper Dinacharya and Ritucharya), pollution, unhealthy diet, hormonal imbalance, stress, faulty hair care, infectious diseases, nervous disorders, toxic substances, injury, and severe radiation. Ayurveda Science has also mentioned the hair loss under the heading of Khalitya. According to Ayurveda texts, all the Ahar and Vihar (diet and lifestyle) which is going to aggravate the Vata and Pitta (primary) becomes the nidan of Khalitya. Acharya Charaka mentioned that Tejas by involving Vatadi Dosha when scorches up the scalp, it results in Khalitya. According to Chakrapani word Tejas here denotes Dehoshma as well as Pitta Dosha1. As per other Ayurveda texts, the basic principles of pathogenesis of Khalitya include dushti of elevated pitta along vata dosha and rakta kapha dushti. The medical term for baldness is alopecia; any type of hair fall is called alopecia. The main victims who are facing the Khalitya (hair-fall) are youngsters. As per quotation in Charak Samhita, the poison which by nature is destructive of life, if taken in the proper manner, acts as an elixir2 . So the aim of this study is to elaborate & explore the effect of some Visha and Upvisha dravya like Vatsnabh, Langli, Gunja, Snuhi, Arka, Dhatura and Chitrak etc in the treatment of Khalitya. These drugs and its formulation are indicated in Khalitya as local application on scalp. These contents have Laghu, Rukhsha, Tiksna, Katu, Ushna, Kushthaghna and Krimighana properties can help the breakdown of the pathogenesis of Khalitya. Several types of oils and Lepa of vish and upvisha for Abhyang (Massage) greatly improve the blood circulation, thus increasing the nutrition of the hair roots & scalp. Thus the Vish or Upvisha or its formulation is one of the best choices in Ayurveda to prevent and cure Khalitya.

12

Authors: VaishaliKuchewar

In Ayurveda,Yuktivyapashraya is the fundamental measure to manage any disease. It is the principle by which a physician has to understand the involvement of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and Strotas to select treatment strategy.AcharyaVagbhat emphasized on the concept of Dvividhopkram i.e. Santarpanupakram & Apatarpanupakram. Shadvidhopkram is described by AcharyaCharak. It includes six upakramas i.e. Langhan (De-nourishing therapy), Bruhan (Nourishing therapy), Snehan (Oleating therapy), Swedan(Sweating therapy), Rukshan (Drying therapy) and Stambhan (Astringent therapy). Objectives of this review are to analyze, explore and correlate the concept of Shadvidhopkramwith the help of conducted researchesand discuss its application in today’s era. Metabolic syndrome is a major and intensifying worldwide problem. It can be considered as Santarpanajanyavikar.Canceris a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.As there is excessive growth, it can also be included in Santarpanjanyavikar. These disorders can be tackled by applying Langhan, Rukshan or Swedanupakram. Apatarpanjanyavikar are caused due to Vataprakopak Ahar-Vihar, chronic illness, improper absorption of nutrients. Nutrition deficiency disorders, immunodeficiency and degenerative disorders can be included in Apatarpanjanyavikar. The treatment principle for Apatarpanjanyavikar is Bruhan, Snehan and Stambhan. In this review, multiple treatment modalities are correlated with Shadvidhopkram. From this critical review, it can be concluded that Shadvidhopkrma is a comprehensive treatment principle. Every disease can be treated by applying one or combination of two or three of these principles appropriately.

13

Authors: C. Ramesh, G. Penchala Pratap, V. Nagaraju, A. Sudakar and G. Sudarsanam

Background: Rhynchosia beddomei is a rare and endemic plant belongs to Leguminosae family occurs in moist deciduous forests of Seshachalam hills of Southern Eastern Ghats with great therapeutical importance. Aim: The present study is meant to authenticate and validate the species Rhynchosia beddomei Baker on the premise of the microscopical study. Materials and Methods: The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the various pharmacognostic properties like Macroscopical, Microscopical, Physiochemical, and Fluorescence studies. Microscopical studies include cell structure and their arrangement, Physicochemical parameters include loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water-insoluble ash, various extractive values etc. Qualitative tests for various functional groups were also carried out. Results: The microscopical study on leaf of Rhynchosia beddomei revealed the presence of characters like dilated spherical and thin walled trichomes, cylindrical and dark horizontally aligned vermiform cells, small compact thin walled tanniniferous walls are present in the ground tissue, the presence of top shaped discrete bundles in the petiole, the presence of two or three-celled uniseriate, unbranched non glandular abundant trichomes in the petiole. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Phenols, Proteins, Lignins, Saponins and Tannins. Conclusion: The pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening on the leaf of Rhynchosia beddomei is a helpful data for the identification and to decide the quality and purity of the plant material in future reviews.

13

Authors: Pritam Moharana and Rakesh Roushan

Vata dosha is the most important factor of Tridosha which is responsible for controlling all types of movements. Among five vata dosha, prana vayu is situated in the head and travel across urah (thorax region) and kantha (throat region). It is reasonable for functioning of spitting, sneezing, eructation, respiration, and deglutition and also maintains the proper functioning of budhhi (intelligence/judgement), hridaya (heart), chitta (mind). Hear head refers to brain and brain stem as it controls all these functions. All the functions of prana vayu are compared as per modern medical science. Basically, the functions of limbic system, cranial nerves, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and other structures might be compared with the functions of prana vata. So we can easily understand the basic principles of Ayurveda which is badly required in this present era. Most of the vatik disorders discussed in Ayurveda are being diagnosed under neurological disorders in modern medicine. Very few works have been achieved on conceptual features of vata. In this article an attempt has been made to correlate the physiological activity of prana vayu with special reference to neurophysiology. For this study, the basic materials have been collected from the Āyurvedic classics with the available commentaries, as well as text books of contemporary science have been referred for better understanding of the concept and its comparison with contemporary science.

14

Authors: Pritam Moharana and Rakesh Roushan

Naadi pareeksha is the technique of diagnosis through pulse examination. It is the science that helps to reach the root cause of disease. The pulse when examined helps to reveal the physical and mental characteristics of the patients. A physician must be aware about the time and physical conditions of the patient. Before examination of Naadi a physician should take precautions. Subtle vibrations are read at seven different levels vertically downward that help in ascertaining various functions of the body. There is variation of pulse seen in aggravation of vata, pitta or kapha which is the basis for manifestation of diseases. In this article an attempt has been made to focus on Naadi Pareeksha both anatomically and physiologically.

16

Authors: Sathish H.S., Rashmi T.M., Mithun B., Narmada M.G., Ahalya S. and Baghel M.S.

Agnikarma, an ancient para surgical modality is lauded for its multifaceted results. Foremost written record of the utility of heat therapy in squashing ailments was found in Ancient Ayurvedic treatises. An alarming downfall in practice of this modality has been noted in Buddhism period, but of late, it is gaining popularity. Ayurvedic Postgraduate institutions are conducting researches on various indications of Agnikarma cited by Sushruta. 160 research works are being reported across India among various institutions targeted mainly on musculoskeletal ailments. There is enormous scope for researchers on Agnikarma and a number of indications are yet to be tested through clinical studies.

21

Authors: Sanchit Jain, Sharad M Porte and Sandhya Maurya

Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy are mainly used for the treatment of cancer but it also kills the normal body cells including W.B.C., R.B.C., Platelets and others along with cancer cells. These short term and long term hazards of chemotherapy or radiotherapy are called as acute or chronic toxicity, respectively. Febrile neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis, hair loss, fatigue, allergic reaction, peripheral neuropathy these are the clinical manifestation of acute toxicity of chemotherapy while anemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, non-infective cystitis, are the acute toxicity of radiotherapy. Osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, Cataract, Neuropsychiatric deficits, Neuropathy, Cardiomyopathy, Pulmonary dysfunction, Hepatorenal dysfunction and Infertility, are the chronic toxicities due to chemotherapy. Ayurveda has a potency to prevent and treat these toxicities by using basic principles of Ayurveda. SarivadiHima, MouktikayuktaKamdudha, PadmakadiGhruta, ShatavariKalpahelps to treat the toxic effect of chemo-radiotherapy while vomitab, Bilvachuran, Dadimastakchuran, Haridradi tail, Yastimadhu powder mouthwash, Nalpalmadi oil, Drakshavahlay, Urtiplex capsule and lotion , Bhumayamalki and Atibalachuran will help to relieve the toxicity symptomatically. Asthisanharadichuran, Panchtiktksheervasti, Sukhavativarti, Kalyanakghrit, Amritaghyatailam, Soma churan, PunarnavadiKawath, Rohitakadivati, Kapikachuadichuran, Phalghritand Khjuraditailam should be given to treat the chronic toxicity of chemotherapy. AyurvedicRasayanalike Baladi,Nagabala, Vijyasaradi, Triphala, Shankhpushpighrita, Aindra, Medhya, Neelkanth, Chyawanprash, Gokshuraka,Punarnava, Guduchiyadi, Shishukalpdrumghritaand Lauhabhasmadi, which may be helpful for preventions of the toxicity caused by chemotherapy. Thus, Ayurveda may play the major role to prevent and treat the acute and chronic toxicity of chronic-radiotherapy

5

Authors: Upendra Nath, Renu Rao, Gunjan Sharma, Aditi4 and Anchal Pathak

Triphala eye drop is a herbal topical formulation, which is recommended by Sharangadhara in the management of Sharva Abhishyanda Nashak. The formulation is useful in mucopurulent discharge, watering, photophobia, burning sensation, stickiness in eyes like, ocular disorders. Keeping all these points in view the present study has been undertaken with the aim to modify Triphala Aschyotana into drop form and to develop the physiochemical profile of the final product. This form of drug was designed by using eye drop as Kwath which is mixed with Triphala Churna and water; drug was adopted for attaining the final product (eye drop). Materials and Methods: The present study deals with development of preliminary pharmaceutical profile (organoleptic study, physiochemical study; pH value microbial contamination test and TLC profile) of Triphala eye drop. Result: In result organoleptic character, sterility and TLC profile was clearly found. Conclusion: Triphala eye drop was prepared by following method prescribed in Sharangdhar Samhita. This paper presents the analytical study of the formulation.

6

Authors: H. Namana, Ganti Basavaraj Y and K.V. Janaki

Lakshadi guggulu is one of the solid dosage forms in Ayurvedic formulation. It is indicated in bone related diseases and fracture healing, low bone density, fracture, pain in joints. Further the manufacturers will add disintegrating agents during the preparation to lessen the disintegrating time. In the present work an attempt was made to prepare lakshadi guggulu as per references available in authoritative books of Ayurveda. The prepared lakshadi guggulu was tested for common parameters of tablets and was compared with the same parameters of market samples of lakshadi guggulu. The results are as follows: Parameter Sample prepared in lab Market sample 1 Market sample 2 Disintegration time (DT) 90 min 60 min 120 mins Friability 0% 0% 0.1% Hardness 4 3 6 It was concluded from the study that lakshadi guggulu prepared in the lab and was having more disintegration time and hardness than the samples available in market.

6

Authors: Chaudhari Krutika, Shilpa Donga and Laxmipriya Dei

According to sexually transmitted guidelines 2015, estimated 75% of women will have at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis and 40%–45% will have two or more episodes. So there is a scope to find out better treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis in alternative medicines.A45 years old married female patient came with complaint of excessive curdy white discharge per vaginum and occasionally itching vulva since last 8 months. The culture of vaginal discharge was done on 20/4/2017 and it was positive for candida albicans. Nimbadi Yonivarti, 3gms was given once a day per vaginally for 10days on 20/4/2017. But patient got mild relief. Kumariadi Kalka Yonipotli (medicated tampon) was started on 8/5/2017 for 15 days. Symptomatic relief was found within 7 days of Yonipotli treatment. Candida albicans was negative on 25/7/2017 and there is no recurrence till date. Thus, it is proved that Ayurvedic medicines helpful in the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

6

Authors: Shikha Pandey and Kartikey

Lumbar spondylosis is a common spinal which is very much prevalent these days. Though degeneration of lumbar vertebrae is mostly seen in elderly people but its prevalence is increasing in early or middle age also. In the present case study, a diagnosed case of lumbar spondylosis has been included for its Ayurvedic management. Chief complains were pain and stiffness over the back region since past one year and pain radiating towards the left leg. Effect of katibasti on lumbar spondylosis has been evaluated. Different parameters have been assessed during and after the treatment schedule. There is a complete relief in the parameters like pain & stiffness whereas the parameters like pain radiating in legs & restricted movements have also shown significant improvement.

6

Authors: Padmakiran C. and Nithin Kumar

Intervertebral disc are the essential structures between two vertebra. Anatomically each disc has outer annulus fibrosus and inner gelatinous nucleus pulposus. Functionally disc gives the mobility to the spine and acts as shock absorber. Disc pathology presents with simple backache to that of gross motor and sensory deficits based on the level of injury. The description of disc in modern anatomy and the developed imaging techniques helps in the identification of anatomical and pathological changes in the disc. But, in ayurvedic samhitas, there is no direct description of disc. Hence an effort has been made to identify the description of disc in ayurvedic texts based on anatomical, functional and pathological descriptions at various contexts. Comparison of number of asthis with vertebra in modern anatomy shows that there is no direct reference of disc in Ayurveda as the number is not matching. Based on the functional similarities between of snayu and disc as bharavahana and binding the sandhi, based on flat shape of snayu in prusta, and as some of the snayu pathologies presents with similar symptoms of disc pathology, disc can be compared to snayu as per Ayurveda.

7

Authors: Neha Soni, Jyoti Markam, Pravin Joshi and Om Prakash Rout

Increasing adverse drug reaction due to overuse of synthetic drugs and surprising outcome of herbal drug therapy; which has been proven clinically for various ailments by evidence based researches, has motivated humans to returns to mother nature for safer remedies and healthy livelihood. Nirgundi (Vitexnegundo Linn.) is one the valuable herb from our ancient texts. Nirgundi (Vitexnegundo Linn.) has also been therapeutically indicated and used successfully by Ayurvedic practitioners for various diseases like vataroga, kusthakrimi, gulma, aruchi. The present work aims to explore description regarding medicinal properties of Nirgundi elaborated in various Nighantus in chronological order adding a new domain to its knowledge status and medicinal use

8

Authors: Pravanchana Sahu, Prafulla and Prashant D Math

Tamra is one of the dhatuja visha, we get ample of references regarding its therapeutic aspects in our ayurvedic literature. It is mainly used in the form of bhasma, if bhasma are not prepared by correct methodology, then it becomes toxic. Copper deficiency can result in the expression of an inherited defect such as Meknes syndrome. Acquired deficiency is mainly pathology of infants; however, it has been diagnosed also in children and adults. Most cases of copper deficiency have been described in malnourished children. Animal and human studies have shown that copper is involved in the function of several enzymes. Studies have also shown that copper is required for infant growth, host defense mechanisms, bone strength, red and white cell maturation, iron transport, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, myocardial contractility, and brain development. The most constant clinical manifestations of acquired copper deficiency are anemia, neutropenia, and bone abnormalities. Other, less frequent manifestations are hypopigmentation of hairs, hypotonicity, impaired growth, increased incidence of infections, and alterations of phagocytic capacity of the neutrophils, abnormalities of cholesterol and glucose metabolism, and cardiovascular alterations. Acute copper poisoning is well described in animals (especially in cows and sheep). Cases of acute poisoning occur frequently in India.

8

Authors: Suparna Saha, Omprakash Panwar, Parimi Suresh, Sanjay Kumar and Rajendra Prasad Sharma

Kshar is a substance which is capable for crumbing any abnormal wound or growth (“Tatraksharanatkshananaadkshar”) with wound healing property. The kshar kalpana is dealt with the pharmaceutical procedure of kshar preparation. Here the kshar is prepared by the traditional methods and standardized according to the standard parameters.

9

Authors: Brijkishor Soni and Sushil Dwivedi

Many concepts of Ayurveda are relevant in present day science. Shudhhashukralakshana is one of them. Shukra is Dhatu which is considered as best among all seven Dhatu& it is meant principally for reproduction. Our Acharyashas said about the shudhhashukralakshana which are nothing but observational parameters of semen analysis. Shudhhashukralakshana is morphological parameters which relates to physical and chemicalcharacteristics based on which given semen sample can be called as pure. In other words sperm should be fully capable of fertilizing ovum and capable of producing healthy progeny. Here in this article we will discuss about shudhhashukralakshanas said by our Acharya and we will interpret their meanings in the context of parameters of semen analysis.

9

Authors: Abhijeet D. Kumbhar, Vamsikrishna G. K. and Surekha Khot

Background: Moringa Oleifera Lam.(Shigru) is a well-known drug in Ayurveda used for its Krimighna activity (ability to kill the pathogens). Acharya Charaka had mentioned Shigru in Krimighna1 Mahakashaya. Whereas, some nighantus had specifically mentioned Krimighna activity of flowers of Moringa Oleifera Lam.viz. Kaiyadeva2 Nighantu and Shaligram3 Nighantu. Therefore,powder of flowers (Shigru Pushpa Churna) is selected for evaluation of anti-bacterial activity on the strains which affects a large number of population. Methods: Shigru Pushpa churna was tested for anti-bacterial activity at different concentrations viz., 5µl, 10µl, 25µl, 50µl and 75µl, by Disc Diffusion method for 2 strains of Gram positive and 2 strains of Gram negative bacteria each, with DMSO (Dimethyl Sulphoxide) a neutral solvent. Result: Shigru Pushpa inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas auringinosa and Escheria coli at higher concentrations of 50µl and 75µl whereas it is resistant at 5µl, 10µl and 25µl . Zone of inhibition was 13mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 13mm for Streptococcus mutans, 12mm for Pseudomonas auringinosa, 20mm for Escheria coli and activity index were 0.86, 0.43, 0.48 and 0.50, respectively. Conclusion: Shigru Pushpa possess good anti bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas auringinosa and Escheria coli.

9

Authors: Vineeta Singh and Neeru Nathani

Amlapitta is the burning issue in present era, commonly occurs due to change in dietary habits, intake of spicy and oily foods, alcohol consumption, irregular sleeping habits, and persistent mental stress and strain. Hurry, Worry and Curry are the three major reasons for this disease. It can be cured with simple medications but the condition may relapse by observing faulty lifestyle. For prevention and control of Amlapitta not only the physiological functions of the body should be in balanced state but the mental function should also be well functioning. Hence the holistic approach must be applied to grab this problem, by the intake of wholesome diet, healthy daily routine, practice of Yoga like kunjal kriya, asana and pranayama, and avoidance of unwholesome diet, tobacco chewing, and alcohol consumption etc. Hence as the saying goes “Prevention is better than cure”, Amlapitta could be prevented by the avoidance of causative factors along with observance of wholesome diet and lifestyle.

10

Authors: Namitha R. Chandra, Sharada Khanal, and Basavaraj Y. Ganti

Avaleha is a semisolid dosage form, prepared by solidifying many of the liquids (Kwatha and Swarasa). Dadimaavaleha is one of the common Avaleha prescribed in Atisara. It is explained in Yogaratnakara Atisararogadhikara. The preparation consists of 22 ingredients. In the present work an attempt has been made to prepare the Dadimaavaleha from the ingredients available, also to study the Phytoconstituents and therapeutic efficacy of each drug w.s.r. to its indication. Dadimaavaleha has properties like Agnideepana, Pachana, Grahi, Anulomana, Shoolagna, Balya which are required in the treatment of Atisara. Hence, Dadimaavaleha can be administered in all types of Atisara and its complications.

10

Authors: Sharda More (Pol) and Hemant Pol

Ayurveda is a science of life with a holistic approach to health. It is one of the oldest medical systems, which comprises thousands of medical concepts as well as detailed description related to medical ethics, social ethics, ethics related to vaidya, ethics of treatment of a patient etc. This research article enlightens about the ethics related to vaidya and ethics of treatment of a patient. Hence, conclude about ‘ethical’ aspect of health in classical Ayurveda.

11

Authors: Garud Sandeep, Chaudhary Anubha and Kotecha Mita

The earliest documentation of medicinal uses of plants is found in Rigaveda which was written between 4500-1600 B.C. Chikitsa Chatushpada includes Bhishak (physician), Dravya (medicine), Upasthata (Nurse) and Rogi2 (patient). In this Dravya (medicine) stands at second position just after physician highlighting its importance in treatment. The pharmacological, toxicological and clinical efficacies of drugs are attributed to the five qualities of the drug broadly classified as Rasa (taste), Guna (properties), Virya (potency), Vipaka (biotransformation) and Prabhava (special action). These five qualities are collectively known as Rasapanchaka. The time and place of collection of raw drugs have an important effect on the Rasapanchaka of the drug. Due to this Acharyas have given importance to the time and place of collection of drugs. The present article gives an insight about the principles of collection of raw drugs as per classics of Ayurveda.

12

Authors: ParmarVidhi, Jui Shahane, Patel Kalapi and Patel Sandhya

Introduction Kala is an anatomical structure describe in classical ayurvedic text which is one of the most difficult topics to understand scientifically. Sushrut was the first to describe Kala Sharirunder Sharir Sankhya VyakaranaAdhyay of Shushruta Samhita. He has explained seven types of Kalas along with theits short, but very significantdefinition.Kala is explained as an interface between dhatu and ashaya that provides a barrier between the two. A few attempts have been made by the modern ayurvedic researchers and experts to equate kala with any structure, especially pittadharakala and purishadharakala. However, some of them have considered only one feature of pittadharakala and that is of digestion; Kala is one such subject, which is too concise to decipher and then apply its knowledge in clinical fields. Very few articles are available in this regards. Some modern ayurvedic scholars have given their opinion about these kalas. For example duodenum, pyloric orifice, small intestine or its mucosa,stomach and duodenum with their inner linings, etc. have been put forth as an equivalent of Pittadharakala. This has the potential to create confusion in the mind of young researchers and practitioners of Ayurveda. So an attempt has been made here to understandkala with application of modern anatomy and physiology. Kala is considered to be a barrier between dhatu and its ashaya. There are seven kala. Aims and Objectives:  To reveal the intent of Sushruta behind the derivation of Kala Sharira.  To study seven kalas in detailed description from various ayurvedic text book Materials and Methods: Ayurvedic literature: Texts under Vrahatrayi&Laghutrayi. Other allied literature like Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Periodicals & manuscripts available if any. Discussion: The term kala is discussed at great length with the help of similes, embryogenesis given by commentator Indu on Ashtangasamgraha (A.S. Sha. 5/30) and description of kala in different ancient texts Conclusion: After thorough study of kala it is decided that it should be a tissue membrane as it separates each dhatufrom its ashaya.

13

Authors: Krishna Rao.S, Indu.S., and Pradeep Kumar P.P.

Lipids and lipid-based formulations (Snehas) are commonly used in curative as well as preventive aspects in Ayurveda. They are used as food, medicine, vehicle etc. The present review highlights the importance and superiority of unique lipid-based formulations (Sneha kalpanas) from an Ayurvedic and modern perspective. All the important literature from both modern medicine and Ayurveda along with online sources were searched and analysed. In Ayurveda lipids are used alone and/or in processed formulations both internally and externally. It is used to extract lipophilic components and facilitate its delivery to deeper tissues and has the potential to bypass blood brain barrier and placenta that are nonpermeable to hydrophilic components. The lipid-based drug delivery system is superior when compared to aqueous based preparation with respect to absorbability, bioavailability, shelf life, safety, efficacy, and multiplicity in route of administration like oral, parenteral, ocular, intranasal, dermal/ transdermal, transcranial, transplacental and vaginal, abundance in availability. Due to these attributes, Ayurveda classics used ghee, oil and other milk-based formulations in infants, old age, and psychiatric as well as chronic degenerative diseases.

14

Authors: Vipin Kumar and Sapana Khatri

The aim of ayurveda is Swasthya Swasthya Rakshanam and Aaturasaya Vikara Prashamanam. To achieve these two objectives, various treatment modalities are explained which are very unique. Upakramas is the word used to denote the various treatment modalities. Elaborate description is available in all the classical texts of Ayurveda regarding Upakrama in general & Lenghana Upakrama in particular. In Charaka Samhita 'Shadavidha Upakramas' are mentioned by which specific action is achieved by usages of specific type of drugs or procedures which has the specific qualities. Among the six, Langhana Upakrama is one which is advocated when Laghuta is to be achieved in the body. Ayurveda advocates two basic treatment principles which are termed as Brimhana (nourishing therapy) and Langhana (reducing therapy) Upakramas. Management of all the disease is centered on these two principles. Among the two, Langhana Upakrama is the one advocated in conditions which arise due to Atibrimhana/Santarpana (over nourishment). One among the diseases caused due to Santarpana is Sthaulya which is equivalent to the disease entity obesity described in contemporary medical science. It is one of the most popular lifestyle disorder in which genetic, environmental & psychological factors plays important role, especially in case of primary obesity there is no obvious cause exists other than an imbalance in energy intake & expenditure. No obvious ca. Several medical conditions have been linked with obesity which includes type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. Lots of researches have been done on obesity. On the light of above the present study was undertaken to compile and analyze the concept of Langhana Upakrama in the management of Sthaulya (obesity).

18

Authors: Sourav Ballav, Gopendra Chandra Kamal, Puneshwar Keshari and Ashwini Kumar S Bharati

BACKGROUND: With the evolution of Indian civilization and its development, Agadatantra came to light as one of the eight branches of Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicinedisciplined and has evolved a lot over the years. Agadatantra mainly deals with the toxicological aspect ofAyurveda and code of conducts relevant to the field of medical practices including Ayurveda professional medical ethics and duty of Ayurveda physician towards patient and state. The related subject matter is abundant in Charaksamhita, sushrutasamhita, AstangaSamgraha, Astangahrdyam and kautilyaarthashastra mainly. Forensic Medicine and toxicology is part of Ayurveda Undergraduate and Postgraduate studies as AgadaTantra Vyavahara Ayurveda evum Vidhivaidyaka. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evolution of Agadatantra over the years. METHODS: Literature review of relevant classical text books and published journals. CONCLUSION: Development of Agadatantra was very impressive till early part of 15th century, it then slowed down. However, there has been remarkable progress in Ayurveda and AgadaTantra after the 1970.