International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research

704-710

Authors: Adnan Veysel Ertemel, Anıl Turkoglu

The rapidly developing globalization has brought along many problems with it. The biggest ones of those problems are the environmental problems that directly affect all humanity. These problems that have a negative effect human health caused the consumers to worry about their futures. With the consumers starting to understand the consequences of the damages they impose on the environmental due to their own actions, changes occurred in their purchasing behaviors and they started to turn to green products. This change in the consumer behavior provided the marketers to make revisions in their general marketing techniques and to bring about the green marketing approach. The marketing of environmental friendly products started to be performed with green marketing techniques thanks to this approach and it was aimed to minimize the environmental damage caused by the consumers and manufacturing companies. In this research, a survey is conducted that measures the influence of green marketing works on the purchasing behaviors. The most significant results to confer from this research are as follows: the green marketing purchasing behavior of female consumers is significantly different than the male consumers. However, there is no relation between the age, educational status, income and professions and their other relevant socio-demographic properties and their green purchasing behaviors. In addition to all this, it has been conferred that the consumers could pay more for the green products

720-733

Authors: Pınar Göktaş, Koray Çetinceli

Today, increased international competition and technological developments with the impact of globalization brings about the necessity of change in terms of businesses. One of area where change is most felt is human resource management. The need for high potential and skilled workers is increasing to meet the requirements of the era of the business. One of the new concepts resulting from these needs is "Talent Management". The concept of talent management is encountered as a new vision between business strategies to incorporate global workforce of the organization, to protect in the current situation of workforce and to management. In this context, one of the service-intensive industry which aims to bring together the most talented employees is the banking sector. The banking sector by investing in human resources to achieve this target and is expected to reach maximum profitability and efficiency as a result of it. This study aims to reveal the impact on human resources of talent management practices. In this context, data were collected through intervievs with human resources experts in talent management unit who working in 3 bank that leading position in Turkish banking sector. Opinions about the talent management in the Turkish banking sector has been determined by evaluating data. The findings obtained from this study showed that effective talent management practices have a significant impact on the human resources who have critical importance to maintain existence of financial institutions that operating in the banking sector.

751-760

Authors: Mehmet Albayrak

In this study, we have discussed the large data that have become increasingly important in recent years, the methods used for data processing in databases and data warehouses, invisible data relationships and methods used for exploring them from the database. We have tried to summarize the data mining studies conducted in different branches of science in our country for research and analysis purposes and to refer to different applications. The software used in the studies and the differences between them are mentioned. In addition, the classification and clustering algorithms frequently used in data mining can be used on which kind of data, and the importance of interpretation and understanding of the results is emphasized.

772-782

Authors: Yaprak Kalafatoğlu, Tülay Turgut

Severe ethical lapses have damaged the reputation of established corporations in the last decade worldwide. This study aims to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and ethical behaviour. Mindfulness refers to being here and now. Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory was translated into Turkish and used for measuring mindfulness. Ethical Behaviour was assessed with Ethical Behaviour Rating Scale. Data were gathered from 250 white collar employees working in İstanbul. Results indicate that mindfulness has significant relationships with ethical behaviour. This study provides a unique theoretical contribution by examining the link between mindfulness and ethical behaviour among white collar employees. Since mindfulness is a skill, cultivating employee’s mindfulness through training programs is among the practical suggestions.

792 - 802

Authors: Asiye Kakirman Yıldız

Books not only support children's cognitive, emotional, psychomotor development, but they are also essential in language, social and moral development of children. Thanks to books, children have the opportunity to improve their thinking and problem solving skills and to develop their creativity. Furthermore, books help children to be aware of their environment, nature, people, and other living things. In addition to all these, books contribute to personality development of children and to meet the emotional and psychological needs. Although it is known that books are significant in people's life, in our society book reading rate is extremely low. Unless reading culture is created among pre-school children who will shape the future, low rate of book reading problem can't be tackled. Recent researches have showed that book reading rate of parents is also at low levels. Therefore, educational institutions are charged with the responsibility of developing reading habit in children. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish libraries for pre-school children both in private and public schools. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of the books the development period of the preschool children and to provide pre-school children in mind the formation of books and libraries perception and to emphasize the need for it preschool library.

817 - 835

Authors: Mehmet Cıranoğlu

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the mobbing enforcements that carpet designers exposed to as proffesional occupation owners who have to think free and original. Also to analyze the perceptive differences for mobbing enforcements in terms of some parameters. The data was obtained from 96 designers working at the carpet factories in Gaziantep. A survey with 23-entry was gained through a research of the literature, a collection of pool of the items and the evaluation of the experts. This survey was applied to the designers and the results were analyzed by SPSS program. In this analysis, we got 4 factors and each factor was compared differently and totally by usin ANOVA and T Tets whether they have a significant correlation with the demographic factors, city where the workplace is located, manager of department and business owner. As a result, it was found that the majority of the questions raised were "fair to middling" or "I agree", and it was understood that the questions prepared for the questionnaire were practically equivalent. It was also found that totally results are siginificantly correlated with “the number of the workers in the department, city where the workplace located, manager, workplace owner, education status, age, seniority in the workplace and at work” according to the obtained ANOVA and T tests.

845 - 856

Authors: Birsen Çetin

Donald Trump announced his candidacy on June 16, 2015. He was the republican nominee for President of the United States in 2016 election. During his election campaign, he used to be on the world’s agenda he became the main topic of conversation with his election campaign speeches and his private life. Donald Trump often expressed his hatred against Islam and Muslims during his election campaign. Such that in that period there had been different terror attacks in several countries and the attacks provided appropriate reasons for Trump’s discourse. In this study, USA President Donald Trump’s hate and discriminatory discourse against Islam and Muslims is analysed from the point of Turkish mainstream press’ approach. The examined period is between his candidacy announcement and the day he was elected as president. The attacks are: San Bernardino (2 December 2015), Brussels (22 March 2016) and Orlando (12 June 2016). These attacks above stated, are analysed from the point of Hürriyet, Habertürk and Star newspapers. The analysis period includes one week per newspapers. This study reveals the newspaper’s approaches to Donald Trump and indicates important datas on the attitudes of the press against radical terrorism issue.

870 - 881

Authors: Ayşenur Akyazı, Erhan Akyazı

When we look at the historical background of universities, we first encounter universities which transfer the knowledge in their hands to new generations. These are followed by universities, which produce new information by conducting research. Finally, we encounter universities that help the practical knowledge, which they have acquired through research, come to life. Today, these universities are called entrepreneurial and innovative universities. If the foundation of entrepreneurship is assumed to be innovations, then there is no more natural outcome than if the starting point is the universities. Although it is not expected that every entrepreneurial experience will be successful, it is obvious how important innovation and initiatives are for the achievements of the country and especially personal gains. When the economic successes of developed countries are examined, the place of entrepreneurship in their development can be seen easily. Indeed, behind the economic success of the United States today, which can be seen as the home of the informatics economy, lies the high value-added products and services that have been produced innovation and entrepreneurship. In this context, this study will discuss the place of entrepreneurship and innovation in development and the importance given to these concepts in education by analysing and comparing the curriculum of higher education institutions in Turkey and their rivals in other countries.

899 - 913

Authors: Erhan Özcan

This paper drawing on Žižekian thought and its concepts examines n11.com, Akbank ve Sinpaş GYO advertisements in respect to manipulation of desires. It exploits the explanatory power of some of the prominent Lacano-Žižekian concepts such as “surplus-enjoyment”, “objet petit a”, “Symbolic”, “jouissance”, “looking awry” and “mechanical insistence”. It tries to show how advertisement media interpellates the unconscious in the light of populer commercial content. It argues these commercial media forms mainly target desires of consumers/audiences, and imbue/convince people to spend their libidinal power on consumer products. These commercial content make pledge to satisfy individual desires by advancing on people’s lack, and by telling/reminding of them about this lack. These media forms illusionary allude that world of products they exhibit serve people the exit roads by dint of which they can attain their lack. In view of the examined texts, the paper reveals advertisement media purports to satisfy people’s desires which can actually never be attained.

933 - 944

Authors: Aysel Ay

Coined by Benedict Anderson, the term “imagined community” is also used for all the groups with common sense of belonging dynamics. Football supporting echoes an imagined community notion around a football team, as Anderson’s term used for a nation. Media is in an important position enabling the constitution and reinforcement of imagined community. It has been debated, however, if traditional or new media tools are more effective in this constitution and reinforcement. This study, in this context, aims to shed light on the role of traditional and new media use in strengthening sense of group belonging of football supporters through focus group method.

957 - 965

Authors: Zennube Şahin Yılmaz

Marie Luise Kaschnitz, who, after the war, draws attention with her successful poems about the effects of war, and novels dealing more with women before the war, has had an important place in the world of literature with the socio-psychological issues presented in her stories. Texts which the individuals/children have especially witnessed in the world of emotion and thought presented a suitable ground for analysis both socially and psychologically. Kaschnitz's works have enabled psychological discussions in terms of presenting a lot of data about the spiritual world. The story "Lange Schatten" discussed in our work is suitable for both a psychological and a sociological examination. The difficulties in the spiritual world and the family environment of a little girl, who was selected as a protagonist, are touched upon in detail. Family’s approach to the child and child’s experiences due to this approach are at the center of the story and the negative picture drawn by the child who has developed in a negative direction/had an ego problem has been exposed.

981 - 989

Authors: Yusuf Avcı, Serhat Küçük

Each language has its’ own thought system and logic in itself. Outcomes become more fruitful if the languages are taught according to this distinctive vernacular logic which is appropriate to their own linguistic systems. The most distinctive feature of Turkish linguistic codes or thought system is leaving the most important unit to the end. All the sentences in Turkish culminate in a personal suffix or notion. It indicates that the most important factor in Turkish is ‘person’; in other words ‘human’. The problems in teaching Turkish will be handled within the framework of analysis of language-thought system, deductive method and meaning-based approaches and be examplified with the differences in practice.

1004 - 1017

Authors: Aytül Çolak

According to the OECD definition (OECD, 2005), the subcontractor is a contracting company with another company for one or more of the product design, processing or production, construction, maintenance work and services for a given production cycle. In this context, sub-employer practice has become a means of employing unorganized and cheap workers in the private sector, while businesses give out some of their jobs except for their main activity to become smaller and more efficient. Recently, the number of subcontract workers has also increased and sub-employer application has become widespread in Turkey. In fact, it seems that subcontracting is transformed into an employment type especially by public institutions and organizations in Turkey. These developments have brought together many problems. This paper analyzes the evolution of subcontracting and discusses the main economic and social problems in Turkey

1033 - 1040

Authors: Mehmet Kasım Koyuncu, Ahmet Şükrü Özdemir

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive literature review on philosophy of mathematics education. In line with this purpose, papers about "The Philosophy of Mathematics Education" have been collated benefit from the national and international researches. Gathered literature is divided into five sub heading as industrial trainers, technological pragmatists, old humanist, progressive educators, public educators. This obtained information has been tried to be explained in a descriptive way. According to the results of the study, it can be said that the philosophy of mathematics education should be evaluated in the philosophy of mathematics. Because one of the central issues in the philosophy of mathematics education is to link between the philosophy of mathematics and mathematical applications. The philosophy of some field can be considered as its aims or reason. The difference in philosophy of mathematics is not the result, but the reason, of the difference in philosophy of mathematics education. Therefore, it is first necessary to talk about the philosophy of mathematics in order to talk about the philosophy of mathematics education. A review of the literature has indicated that there is a lack of studies about the philosophy of mathematics education (in grades 9,10,11 and 12). The other gap lies in the fact that there is no research in concern with the mathematical philosophy activities, as is displayed after reviewing the literature.

1054 - 1067

Authors: Aslı Elgün, Mine Yeniçeri Alemdar

This study is designed to measure media and communication students' attitudes towards gender roles. The attitudes of media and communication faculty students who have a higher prospect of being employed in various parts of the media industry, is thought to be influential in removing the sexist perspectives in the media industry, in providing equality with regard to employment and in transforming the representation system that formed in the framework of stereotypical judgements. In this context, Communication Faculty students' attitudes towards gender roles are going to be analyzed by using "Gender Roles Attitude Scale", developed by Simge Zeyneloğlu in 2008. With the help of a questionairre that is going to be given to Ege University Communication Faculty first and final year students, perspectives on traditional male/female gender roles towards gender roles are intended to be revealed. Also with the help of demographic questions in the study, relations between student demographies and gender role attitudes are going to be defined.

356 - 360

Authors: Vedije Ratkoceri

Protecting children from sexual violence represents one of the basic premises of any state of contemporary society. It is quite necessary to take all necessary measures to prevent these criminal acts. The Republic of Macedonia last few years has taken a series of legislative measures aimed at preventing and punishing the most severe offenders of sexual assault against children. Taking only harsh punishments and repressive measures against the perpetrators are not enough for the prevention of sexual assault offenses against children. Those persons should be treated medically in order not to repeat the offense. Chemical castration is considered as most appropriate form of treatment of pedophiles in the world. In 2014 The Republic of Macedonia made a step further by incorporating in its criminal legislation, the pharmacological-medical treatment of perpetrators of sexual assaults against a child who has not attained the age of 14 a.k.a. chemical castration. This article aims to theoretically elaborate this measure as it is regulated in the Criminal Code and in the Law on the Execution of Criminal Sanctions by analyzing the respective articles in order to see the manner, the conditions and the circumstance of its regulation and execution.

379 - 396

Authors: Yeliz Kuşay

The crisis that may threat the existence of the entities and lead to unfavorable impacts on their future can be overcome via successful crisis communication strategies. The foresight of the aspects of crisis in advance and taking leading precautions related to them have been described as pre-crisis proactive crisis communication when the reactive crisis communication is described as the studies on creating impacts on crisis perception, revitalizing the image or creating a positive impact on the image.Within the scope of this study, the shopping centers’ proactive and reactive crisis communication strategies are going to be assessed as they represent the areas where most people usually gather with the purpose of either spending time on social and leisure activities or entertainment. The crisis communication strategies on possible crisis that may be experienced at Shopping Centers (SC) are going to be examined. During the interviews with SC managers, the inquiries related to whether they have a proactive and reactive crisis communication strategy and what kind of communication strategy they follow up. The purpose of this study is determining the crisis communication strategies of SC managements in case of possible crisis. How conscious strategies are followed by the SC managements against recently experienced unfavorable conditions that either betray peoples’ trust or threaten their lives are going to be examined. Accordingly, both the existing relevant practices and improvement areas are going to be determined.

406 - 410

Authors: Ayla Deniz, E. Murat Özgür

After 1990’s, Russia-Turkey migration system has developed and a great number of Russian women and Turkish men have started to cross the border for various purposes. Within this mobility, new social, culturel, economic and political realities have emerged. One of the most important realities is increasing of Russian-Turkish couples and their important roles on the Russia-Turkey migration system. Just like Ley and Waters (2004) said, migrants not only move from one place to another, but also move from one set of social relations to another. In this context, I'd like to mention about what has happened in lives of mixed families in İstanbul after an aircraft belonging to Russian Federation Air Forces was shoot-down by Turkish Air Forces on the November 24th, 2015. This study based on interviews with marriage migrants, their couples and representatives of Russian institutions in İstanbul. In conclusion, the crisis between Russia and Turkey has affected lives of Russian women in İstanbul both negative and positive ways. These women are foreigners in Turkey and their limited social environments have imprisoned them to a narrow area during the crisis. But they have tried to bring into connection with two parts of the crisis and have tried to stand between Turkey and Russia by using their institutional networks which also have supported their collective identities.

425 - 433

Authors: Aynur Karabacak

The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between cognitive distortions and psychological wellbeing in emerging adulthood university students. The research was carried on 253 university students who continue their education in Ataturk University Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty in 2016-2017 education years. Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale and Psychological Well Being Scale were used in the research. On the data obtained in the survey the relationship between cognitive distortions and psychological wellbeing is examined with Pearson correlation analysis, and the predictive effect of cognitive distortions in psychological wellbeing is examined with hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Research results indicate that there is a negative significant relationship between cognitive distortions avoidance of intimacy sub scale and psychological wellbeing and a positive significant relationship between mind reading and psychological wellbeing. Besides avoidance of intimacy and mind reading are significant predictors of psychological wellbeing.

448 - 455

Authors: Ayten Pınar Bal, Ahmet Karacaoğlu

This research was aim to evaluate solution strategies of algebraic verbal problems and generated error types in terms of the point of views of teachers. This study is a study in which quantitative methods were used to obtain the point of views of teachers towards strategies and error types in solution of algebraic verbal problems. The primary school mathematics teachers working in schools of central counties of Adana province in 2012-2013 academic year formed the population of this research. In sum, in the scope of this study it was found out that the teachers think the students can apply trial and error, systemmatic distribution, inverse operation, forming and solving equation strategies effectively and they can mostly make logical mistakes. In this study only the opinions of teachers were taken. Studies in which the opinions of students are taken, will also be done. It can be suggested that the teachers can concentrate on questions in class that can resolve logical errors and use activities that can develop their algebraic reasoning strategies.

467 - 474

Authors: Emine Özge Yurdakurban, Umut Öneş

In the wake of recent global financial crisis, growing emphasis has been put on central bank reliability and transparency, especially for the developing countries. In our paper, we built a macroeconomic model to test the impact of central bank reliability on the inflation targeting performance by the bank. To this end, we utilized the indexes developed by Cukierman et.al.(1993); and Dinçer and Eigenberg (2013) to calculate a measure of Turkish Central Bank reliability for the past two decades, and ran a multi-equation time series regression to analyze the effect of institutional independence and transparency on inflation targeting performance, while controlling for other macroeconomic indicators that impact inflation. We found that higher degrees of perceived transparency of the central bank has a positive effect on the inflation targeting performance. Also, transparency seems to be a better proxy for the overall institutional change the Turkish economy experienced in the last two decades.

486 - 498

Authors: Yıldız Derya Birincioğlu

National narrative is a modern political view that still preserves its ideological effect today. Ideologies, frequently, utilize means of communication, particularly the motion pictures, in order to stimulate and canalize the society’s reflexes on the thought process. Cinematic narratives, by means of the clichés that it enriches, on one hand feed the prejudices and on the other, are fed by these prejudices. In this regard, the memory trajectories, which will shape the societal structuring and national identity, sometimes on the grounds of reality and on other occasions, of fiction, with the stereotypes in the stories of the movies, are formed. National narrative and national identity can ensure continuity so long as such are commonized, interchanged and regenerated within the scope of daily life practices. The images, which form the national narrative and/or national identity, are constituted on the basis of societal gender and incorporate feminine contents rather than a masculine hegemony. Thus, it can be enunciated that national narrative constructs a gender-oriented organizational form, which aims to transform social equalities, national identity, national superiority and national power into a resource. In this context, the approaches by FloyaAnthias and Nira Yuval-Davis on the roles assigned to women within the national narratives establish the core feature of this study in order to analyze the codes on feminine contents leaked into the daily life practices. The aim of this study is to reveal by comparison of movies, which are the productions of two different countries, Son Mektup(2015) by ÖzhanEren, ÇanakkaleYolunSonu (2013) by SerdarAkar and Çanakkale 1915 (2012) by YeşimSezgin, all of which were shot following the year of 2000, the contribution of these movies on the Turkish nationalism discourse, how the national narrative was rebuilt by means of the femininity construct and what is the effect of societal gender roles within the transformation process of identities situated by the image repertoires into national identities.

508 - 518

Authors: Emel Tanyeri Mazıcı, Kürşad Gölgeli

Corporate reputation consists of the total of emotions, opinions and perceptions of all the shareholders of the institution. Company employees, who has an important place within these shareholders also play an effective role in success and continuity of the company by being affected from the activities, directly or indirectly. At this point, in the forming of the emotions, opinions and perceptions of employees, job satisfaction that is achieved in time has the key importance. Thus, the employees who are the internal shareholders contribute to the corporate reputation through job satisfaction. In this study, job satisfaction, which is created via the effect of many variables, is evaluated through “social gender equality”. Such that, gender equality and how the company carries this variable will contribute to the corporate reputation by differing positively in the trust in the company, sense of justice and job satisfaction of the employees. In the Erciyes University Example, which is found in the application part of the study, perceptions of academicians, who are a profession group that have an important place in society, on corporate reputation and job satisfaction levels will be analyzed through social gender equality by survey scanning as an empirical method and some evaluation and suggestions will be made.

531 - 539

Authors: Sümeyra Bağatur

For language teaching many resources have been used as a vehicle to teach the language more efficiently in the course of time. It is, however, widely accepted that literature has proved to the the best and the most beneficial resource in language teaching. It is of great value in this sense. This paper will first present some ideas about the use of literature in language teaching, then, I will explain why we use literature, and how we should choose literary texts in our language classes. In the following part, I will present the second part of the paper, which is composed of the literary genres like novel, short story, drama and poetry. And in the closing part, I will give an interpretation of Common European Framework of References (CEFR) and how the use of literature can be implemented into CEFR in language teaching.

560 - 572

Authors: Mehmet Çakır

Discussions of the meaning of justice has continued to the present day, dominated by the thought of living together and we have called that a “society” since the process of the emergence of rational order by dressing up different meanings. On this concept which is in the agenda of philosophy and political theorists studies have been done throughout history. So the issue was constantly discussed that how it should be fair social order. Especially, due to globalization the binding location for anyone, it has become difficult to determine the principles of social justice. In this study, what are the main issues the focus of ongoing discussions justice from the past up to the present? How accurate is to evaluate justice concept only as a legal concept? What are the changes of concept of social justice in the chronological process? Is it possible to imagine a society, intercultural transition easier, a world order in which multicultural life spread, who legally binding for everyone and every individual is provided with equal rights, in which the domination of the principles of social justice? will discuss in the context of the above questions issues which related to the concepts of justice and social justice, theorists of justice who from Yusuf Has Hacib to David Miller. Our study is formed by the literature review method. Discussions will be evaluated in a systematic axis. In this study, it is intented to create a systematic information reservoir and to provide a perspective for researchers interested in the subject for justice.

583 - 594

Authors: Zeynep Öner, Tohit Güneş

The study was carried out to determine the opinion of science teachers regarding informal practices conducted as part of the ‘Let’s Travel and Learn About the Living World’ Unit. To this end, a total of 58 fifth grade students studying in three secondary schools, including a state school and a private school in Samsun city center and a village school in the Bafra district, took part in informal practices. 11 teachers, who joined these practices voluntarily and participated in them actively, were also included in the study extending over two days. During the practices, the 11 teachers who voluntarily attended the study were given a Student Observation Form, consisting of half-elaborated questions that once completed were analyzed separately. According to the findings, the teachers actively participated in the study observed that informal practices were effectively in education, had positive cognitive and affective impact on the students and indicated that they had positive opinions on informal practices. Teachers expressed that informal practices were important also because of enabling students hands on learning. Given that science is a life-oriented subject, it is important to integrate with educational activities because of the fact that science involves informal rather than formal acquisition of knowledge by the individual during one’s lifetime. It is found out remarkable that teachers who are executers of their lessons have positive opinions on informal practices enabling hands on learning on life oriented science. Therefore, it is thought that it could be educatory making these types of practices widespread.

607 - 618

Authors: Yeliz Yeşil, Fatma Fidan

Continuous training, development and adaptation skills are necessary for the green economy to meet the changing human resource demands. Green jobs have gained importance in the transition to green economy. Researching green jobs are necessary for helping staff development at labor market and building training units which train human resources for these jobs. The aims of this study are examining the development of green jobs and their characteristics and differences from existing professions and evaluating training and gaining skills activities about green jobs. In this study, it appears that requires a different educational and training process of the characteristics of green jobs. The educational process will have the following characteristics; • Dynamic, shows continuous change and development, • It offers multiple skills and knowledge, • It consists of an interactive process, • It requires the cooperation of different institutions and bodies, • It is interdisciplinary. Green jobs require different training programs and processes. Green jobs are often "local" in nature and need appropriate training processes. Effective policies should be developed for green jobs and the labor market. Within this scope, training modules related to green activity areas should be determined and systems should be established within the framework of sustainability.

631 - 643

Authors: Mehmet Polat

TRA2, which is a sub-region of North-eastern Anatolia Region, contains the least developed cities which are Ağrı, Iğdır, Kars and Ardahan within itself. It is seen that applied policies and provided governmental incentive have not contributed enough to the development of the region; therefore, difference of development level between the region and other regions has been increased progressively. It is, in the globalising world, thought that agricultural and livestock industries have lost their significance. However, even in the most developed countries, agricultural and livestock industries become more of an issue both economically and socially. Livestock industry is very important for healthy and balanced nutrition of the increasing population in Turkey like all over the world. On the other hand, this sector has social and economic functions on providing rural development. These functions provide balanced growth in the country reducing unemployment in rural areas in conjunction with social problems such as preventing rural-urban migration, decreasing the non-planned urbanization and overpopulation, and fulfil the obligations providing raw materials for the sub-industries such as flesh, milk, leather, cosmetic, medicine and etc. Livestock sector is in the forefront in the area because the region has suitable, quality and wide pasturelands. Livestock farming is carried through with sophisticated techniques as well as it is one of the most important source of income. Livestock sector is of prime importance since it adds high level value into entity investment, employs with low cost, and provides input for many branches of industry sector. The current state of the livestock sector that has a very significant role in developing the region, and the encountered problems were determined in the study; fields of activity related with developing the sector were analysed SPSS survey programme; and solutions about certain problems were proposed.

657 - 666

Authors: Bedriye Tunçsiper, Büşra Uçar

Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis asserts that environmental pollution and destruction increase with positive economic growth until a certain income level. When reached such a certain level, environmental pollution begins to decrease. In this study, the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis is tested for Turkey. Annual data for 1980-2011 period is used for analysis. The relationship between CO2 emission and per capita income is analyzed with Granger Causality Test. According to the test result, it is found that Environmental Kuznets Curve is not valid for Turkish economy as the variables has no causal correlation between.

675 - 682

Authors: Nurcan Demirel, Serhat Özbay, Fatih Kaya, Metin Bayram

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training programs applied to elite wrestlers on body composition. 20 elite wrestler student whose average age is (experiment group; 15.20±4.61, n=10), control group; 15.90±2.08, n=10) participated to the study and they were divided into two groups randomly. Strength and durability training program based on “one day aerobic, one day anaerobic” principles was applied to the experiment group six days in a week for eight weeks. Control group continued to do normal routine wrestling technical training. Before and after eight weeks training program body analyse measurements were taken from experiment and control group. (Tanita) According to the results of the study, impedance, body fat percentage and fat mass from body composition indicators of experiment group significantly decreased from pretest to posttest while fat-free body mass and whole body water increased significantly. (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight, body mass index and bazal metabolic rate. (p>0.05). However, for control group; body weight, fat-free body mass and whole body water values from body mass index indicators of control group significantly increased from pretest to posttest. (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in body mass index, bazal metabolic rate, impadence, body fat percentage and fat mass (p>0.05). As a result, pretest and posttest cahangings are similar in both groups and there was no significant difference between two groups. (p>0.05). Paired- samples t test was used for in-group comparison and independent sample t test was used for intergroup comparisons in statistical analyses. Significance level was determined as p<0.05. Average and standard deviation were used for all values. As a result, this study did not reveal a significant difference on control group athletes who practice regularly. However, training program which has variable types and volume made significant differences on experiment group. There was no significant difference between two groups even though positive changings in experiment group were clearer.

9 - 15

Authors: Luljeta Adili Celiku

It has been some time now that Ismail Kadare’s literary and artistic values have been spoken about. Many studies on his works have also taken place. The reason lies beyond his extraordinary and pleasant style as well as his linguistic capabilities that make him so special. He especially excels in the field of the lexicon and vocabulary. He writes in standard Albanian language, meaning that he abides by those spelling and grammatical rules as do the rest of Albanian writers and authors; however, this does not prevent him from expressing his linguistic egoism and peculiarity. This paper is aimed at his language; at his linguistic contributions in the field of word-formation. He creates new words in Albanian in order to clean it from the impact of borrowings and foreign words, and even for stylistic purposes. In this study, we have tried to collect some of Kadare’s words in order to illustrate his engagement in this field. His specialty remains in the field of word formation and has to do with the scope he chooses and uses, with the areas where lexical inputs come from and word-formation means. The words have been divided into two groups: in prefixed and suffixed ones. There are also mixed or compound creations. For every new word, the semantic meaning and the word to be replaced have also been given.

39 - 48

Authors: Güçlü Özen, Şerife Vatansever

The main objective of the study is to determine the effects of university students’ artificial climbing wall experiences, which is considered among experimental learning (learn by doing) activities and defined as “high activity”, on their problem solving skill levels. Artificial wall climbing emerges as a learning point which is both a game as of its content and an activity providing people to be active, not passive, through experimental learning activities and creating people opportunities to know better about themselves and others as well as their limits. Pretest- posttest control group experimental model was used in this study. Experiment group participated into the practice twice in a week, totally for eight weeks. During this time, the control group continued their normal daily routines and not joined any activity. To collect data, Problem Solving Inventory developed by Heppner and Peterson (1982) was used. As a result of statistical analysis, statistically significant differences (p <0.05) were found between subscales and total scores of hasty approach, confident approach and planned approach. Consequently, activities done during artificial wall climbing have been causing positive development in problem solving skills & perception levels of university students.

58 - 69

Authors: Ayten Pınar Bal

The purpose of this study is to identify the changes in the attitudes of teacher candidates continuing pedagogic formation training certification programme, towards profession starting from the first stage within the process and to address the effect of this change on gender and type of school they graduated variables. This study was figured according to longitudinal panel searching model of developmental research which is one of the descriptive research method. As the population of study was formed by teacher candidates of different branches continuing pedagogic formation training certification programme of a public university, the sample was formed by 114 mathematics teacher candidates continuing this programme. In conclusion, with this study done to obtain the changes in attitudes of teacher candidates continuing pedagogic formation training programme, towards profession in period starting from the first stage and to address the effect of this change on gender and high school type variables, a conclusion was reached that a positive change occurred in attitudes of teacher candidates towards profession. Also, another important result obtained from the study is that gender and high school variables do not affect the attitude points of teacher candidates towards profession.

77 - 84

Authors: Ahmet Alp

The aim of this study is to discuss about the impossibility of being value-free in social sciences that have developed theoretically and methodologically since the 19th century. Social sciences emerged in the Enlightenment period that has led to many social changes and transformations in western societies. Social sciences which are younger than natural sciences relatively have been influenced by natural sciences crucially in terms of methodology. Moreover, it could be seen that social sciences still have intensive debates regarding theory and methodology because of being new sciences. They developed under the influence of positivist philosophy which accepted the knowledge and methodology of natural sciences in the 19th century. Therefore, social sciences have been affected by the approaches of being value-free. In the 20th century, when it is looked at the social sciences’ theories that were affected by the interpretive approach, which was supported by M. Weber, asserted that the researcher who studies a society is the object of the society at the same time, and therefore, the researcher cannot be value free while he/she studies on the society. Ernst Nagel (1979), Gresham Riley (1974), N. Robin (1968) etc. social scientists carried out some studies regarding values judgments in social sciences Classical and contemporary sociological theoreticians have argued intensively regarding being value or value free of social sciences’ methodology. Furthermore, this study is a critique of positivism in respect of its methodological approach that supports to be value-free in social researches. Thus, it is aimed to contribute new aspects to literature for understanding and producing solutions for the problems of societies.

101 - 105

Authors: Bulent Eken

The discussions of the end of cinema tend to privilege the emergence of digital technology as a turning point. In this paper, I argue for the centrality of the category of the “viewer”, which as a concept makes visible the essence of the medium of cinema. This essence is the preservation of time in which the viewer has a stake in relation to his or her memory. This then shows the limits for a possible discussion of the end of cinema. If there is a certain type of film that leaves no room for the spectator, then this could mark one sense of an end. I take the mainstream entertainment cinema that is based in staging a “spectacle” as an example. The temporality of cinema is also surpassed in the direction of video, which does not preserve time by constructing image-objects but participates in a time-matter in which all is already an image.

111 - 123

Authors: Aytül Gökulu

The aim of this study to find out prospective teachers’ views about the prospective teacher training process. For this purpose, the views of the prospective teachers about the way they evaluate themselves, counselor teachers, school administers in the prospective teacher training process have been identified. 100 prospective teachers have participated to the studies who want to implement the prospective teacher training process in Çanakkale. The research tool has been prepared by the researcher. SPSS statistical programme has been used for comparisons and the data have been analyzed in terms of frequency and percentage. According to the results of the study, it has been seen that prospective teachers think that the prospective teacher education process is beneficial for their professional life. Also, the study has shown that there is no significant difference between female and male prospective teachers with respect to their views about the prospective teacher training process andhere is no significant difference between primary school teachers and branch prospective teachers with respect to their views about the prospective teacher training process. But when it has been compared with the newly graduated and not newly graduated prospective it has been found that there is significant difference between newly graduated prospective teachers and the others.

145 - 170

Authors: Muazzez Harunoğulları

Energy resources are fundamental inputs in countries’ development in terms of economic, industrial and technical aspects and facilitating countries’ social lives. The sustainability of countries’ economies is possible with energy resources. The reserve levels and diversification of energy resources and accessibility to these resources steer the energy policies of countries. Another factor affecting these policies the transportation of oil and natural gas resources. Transporting hydrocarbon resources safely, diversity of countries’ energy kinds and commanding the energy market and routes increase countries’ economic and political power and their geopolitical and geostrategic importance. In this study, reserves of oil and natural gas that are the leading resources providing energy globally and locally, production and consumption of these resources, competition between countries in the energy market, geopolitical importance of production areas and globally powerful countries’ energy policies that are implemented to gain economic and political power were discussed. Even though interests of the US, Russia, China, Japan and EU countries sometimes clash, they come together with energy related agreements and projects. The US lifting the embargo on Iran is an obvious indication that the countries have entered a new era in energy policies. There is a great struggle between the US and Russia over world’s energy regions and pipe line routes in energy transportation. In this power struggle, China, Japan, Iran, EU countries and India are getting involved in this energy struggle on a regional and global scale.

184 - 199

Authors: Aslıhan Eroğlu, Seda Bayraktar

This study aimed to examine the variables that are associated with internet addiction. The study sample included a total of 120 individuals (53 women and 67 men) living in Istanbul. The research data were collected through Personal Information Form, Internet Addiction Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software package, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The analyses showed no significant correlation between internet addiction and the variables of gender, age, educational level, daily internet usage, life satisfaction, self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between internet addiction and the variables of loneliness and knowledge about cyber crimes. The research findings indicated that higher levels of loneliness meant increased internet addiction, while lower levels of loneliness meant decreased internet addiction. Besides, those knowledgeable about cyber crimes were found to have lower levels of internet addiction, as compared to those unaware of cyber crimes.

208 - 217

Authors: Kian Wah Liew, Grace Lee Ching Yap, Rohaizan Osman, Betsy Guat Poh Lee, Wing Loon Chee

Achievement goal theory (AGT) has emerged as a prominent framework to examine influences on students’ motivation and achievement. The achievement goals are classified into mastery and performance goals orientation. Whilst mastery goals focus on self-improvement and emphasize on learning, performance goals are motivated by a desire for extrinsic approval and may lead to surface learning. This project focuses on creating a learning environment that is students-centered via incorporating AGT within the students’ learning curve and examine students’ satisfaction in learning and their performance due to these interventions. As the conventional grading system can be a stumbling block, this research employs grouping strategy that sets the classroom with the collaborative learning environment to promote the development of mastery goal orientation and intrinsic motivation. Various pedagogies suited for the encouragement of a mastery goal orientation have been applied. Surveys via the tools adapted from Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey (PALS), observational data, and interviews are used to study the effect of the goal structure and the learning outcomes.

230 - 240

Authors: Volkan Yakın, Oya Eru

Social marketing can be described as non-profit organizations' marketing activities. With social marketing activities, it is aimed to create awareness of the campaign issues for create a useful behavioral pattern in society. As for business organizations, promotion is an important part of marketing activities in nonprofit organizations too. With the usage of the Internet in the marketing area, new channels have emerged to perform promotional activities. Social media can be described as one of these new channels. The most important reason of usage of social media as a promotion channel by nonprofit organizations is the possibility to reach more people on a tight budget. Also, social media provides to create an interactive communication, to measure campaign results and to transmit campaign messages to the right audience. Recently the newest concept using as a promotional tool can be described as emoji. Many companies including nonprofit organizations have started to use emojis in their advertising campaigns. The aim of this Study is to aimed to measure the attitudes towards emoji usage in social marketing campaigns and to guide companies who are going to use emojis in their advertising campaigns in the future. Not to encounter studies about measuring the effectiveness of emojis in marketing literature, expresses the importance of the study. In the study, experimental design method has been used and a survey has been applied to the selected sample. According to the results of the study, it has been concluded that emojis are effective for social advertising campaigns. Participants expressed that, usage of emojis in advertising campaigns is suitable for social campaigns. And using emojis in advertising campaigns explains the Project successfully. They expressed that the transmitted message of campaign is informative and effective. And also participants expressed that these kinds of campaigns are attractive, creative and innovative.

250 - 254

Authors: Ayşegül Zıngır Gülten

The use of video in foreign language learning is known to support learning process in many different ways. Being rich and valuable resources, videos have many benefits such as providing authentic language input, bringing real world into the classroom setting, contextualizing language, grabbing students’ attention, focusing students’ concentration, generating interest, increasing motivation, enhancing comprehension, introducing target culture, and fostering learning. Yet, despite the widely accepted benefits of videos in Foreign Language Teaching (FLT), even in today’s English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms, learners are not exposed to such materials often. It is found out that English language teachers are either hesitant or unable to use video for language teaching purposes in classes. Triggering by this fact, the present study aims at identifying English Language Teaching (ELT) teacher trainees’ perceptions of video use in ELT classrooms. Basing on the qualitative data gathered from 135 second year ELT teacher trainees ,trainees’ preliminary concerns of video use are sorted out. It is revealed that actually ELT trainees have positive attitudes towards video implementation. Furthermore, possible advantages and disadvantages of using video are categorised and ELT teacher trainees’ suggestions on how to integrate video to our EFL situations are sorted out.

267 - 282

Authors: Elif Güneri Yöyen

This study aims to examine the rate of childhood trauma, gender distribution and the relation between childhood trauma and self-respect. The research data was produced out of 530 university students at İstanbul Gelişim University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences in the 2014-2015 academic year. In the research “Rosenberg Self-Respect Scale” and “Childhood Trauma Scale” were used and the data was analyzed by IBM SPSS 22.0. What was observed at the end of the research is as follows: The fact that childhood trauma exists decreases self-respect; as a determiner of self-respect level childhood trauma is a feeble factor to give reasons; all the sub-dimensions of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect and sexual abuse) decrease self-respect; childhood trauma and as subdimensions physical neglect and sexual abuse in male students are higher than in female students; emotional abuse, physical abuse,emotional neglect subdimensions don’t differ when it comes to gender.

297 - 306

Authors: Gulumser Efeoglu Senturk

Since Bachman and Palmer (1996) and Canale and Swain (1980) introduction of “pragmatic competence” in the field of L2 acquisition, its relation to other factors interacting with it has attracted attention of a number of researchers. The present study aims to explore the intertangled relation between two competences (namely pragmatic and structural) in three distinct areas such as request, advice and apology in L2 context. For the purposes of the current study, two data collection tools are employed. The first one is English Language Proficiency Test while the second is a discourse completion task. The latter consists of three subsections and each subsection involves four cases each of which targets exchanges between interlocutors with equal statues. The findings suggest that even though two distinct proficiency groups differ for some cases like requests, L2 proficiency is not a comprehensive indicator of L2 pragmatic competence development on its own.

319 - 327

Authors: Melis Seray Özden Yıldırım, Ece Naz Ermiş

The aim of this study is to determine the predictive role of autonomous-related self of adolescent and the critical thinking disposition of parents on adolescent psychological resilience. The study was carried out on 339 participants who were selected randomly including 113 adolescents (in the range of 14-18 ages; female 57, male 56) and 113 mother – 113 father of these adolescents. Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale, Autonomous-Related Self Scale, Critical Thinking Disposition Scale and Demographical information form were used for data collection. Pearson Correlation, Independent Samples t-Test and Hierarchical Regression were used in analysis of data. The findings reveal that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between adolescent psychological resilience and critical thinking disposition of parents. Also there was a statistically significant positive correlation between adolescent psychological resilience and relatedness of adolescent. Furthermore there was a statistically significant positive correlation between family, peer and school support subdimensions of adolescent psychological resilience and relatedness. The results showed that there was no significant difference regarding to adolescent psychological resilience level according to gender. According to hierarchical regression analysis’ results there was a predictive role of relatedness subdimension of self-construal of adolescent and critical thinking disposition of parents on adolescent psychological resilience.

345 - 355

Authors: Tohit Güneş, Zeynep Öner

The study is performed to determine the effects of the concept based learning approach which has been carried out at 8th grade science lesson “Living Things and Energy Interactions” unit, towards students’ environmental attitudes. The study has been carried out with totally 39 students, being 20 of them are the experimental and 19 of them are the control group attending at a public secondary school in Samsun. The control group has been taught by existing practices and the experimental group has been taught by the concept based learning approach practices formed considering the learning attainments as part of the unit. Environmental attitude scale (five point Likert) consisting 25 questions and qualitative measurement instrument 9 semi-structured open ended questions have been applied to the experimental and control groups before and after the practices. The data acquired from the environmental attitude scale have been analysed using SPSS 17.0 programme, qualitative data have been evaluated by content analyses. As a result, analyses acquired from the environmental attitude scale it has been determined that there is no significant difference between the experimental group which has been applied context based learning approach and control group about environmental attitudes. In addition, when evaluated the data collected by open-ended questions, it has been determined that there are differences between before and after learning in either the experimental group or the control group and there are changes in each group towards carrying out scientific evaluations instead of personnel and emotional evaluations which has been carried out before learning.

1058 - 1069

Authors: Elif Güneri Yöyen

This study was realized with the participation of 539 university students in order to adapt short version of International Personality Inventory (IPI) to Turkish and test its reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analysis, cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and classroom corelational test methods were used to analyze the data of the survey to which test-retest method was applied by use of 513 students two weeks later. According to analysis findings the reliability and validity rates of the scale were adequate: Goodness of fit indexes acquired from two confirmatory factor analyses are in harmony with the model. Internal consistency coefficients of subscales of IPI were between .64 and .75; on the other hand the rate for the whole scale was found 0.82. In addition content validity ratio of the scale was %80 and CVR of all the items was %94 on overage while their Content Validity Index was %97. The factor loadings of confirmatory factor analyses of the scale are between 0.448 and 0.656 for extraversion sub-dimension, 0.408 and 0.606 for emotional stability sub-dimension, 0.387 and 0.629 for conscientiousness sub-dimension , 0.339 and 0.698 for openness to experiences sub-dimension, 0.290 and 0.589 for agreeableness sub-dimension, o.466 and 0.690 for hostility sub-dimension. Depending on these findings it is clear that Turkish adaptation of short version of International Personality Inventory is reliable and valid enough to be used in studies related to the subject.

1083 - 1090

Authors: Filiz Kantek, Nezaket Yıldırım, İlkay Kavla

This study aims to investigate the correlation between burnout, workplace satisfaction, and perceived health among nurses. The study was conducted with 322 nurses working in a university hospital. All nurses, except those on annual or sick leave, were included in the study sample. Data were evaluated with a personal information form, the MBI, the Work Environment Satisfaction Scale, and the Perceived Health Scale. The study data were analyzed with mean analysis, correlation and regression analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. It was reported that the average emotional exhaustion score of nurses was 18.68, depersonalization score was 5.89 and self-actualization score was 20.54. It was also noted that 27.0% of the nurses in the study were satisfied with their work environment and 52.8% of the participants perceived their health in good condition. It was reported that work environment satisfaction was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion (β=-.534, t=-11.229) and depersonalization (β=-.269, t=-4.988) while it was positively correlated with personal success (β=.191, t=3.478). Moreover, perceived health was also found negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion (β =-.386, t=-7.487) and depersonalization (β=-.146, t=-2.642) while it had positive effects on personal success (β =.130, t=2.336). The study results indicated that burnout syndrome was influenced by work environment satisfaction and perceived health. It is suggested that nursing managers and nursing leaders can ensure early diagnosis of burnout by evaluating perceived health and work environment satisfaction of nurses. It is absolutely recommended to prioritize to enhance work environment satisfaction.

1114 - 1121

Authors: Ajda Baştan

In this study violence will be discussed within the famous British playwright Caryl Churchill's play Seven Jewish Children. Churchill was grown up in the 20th century by seeing the pains of living for the longest period of violence and war. Stressing in her plays that violence develops in dominating relationships, she reveals her anti-war stance in Seven Jewish Children staged in 2009, although she was accused of anti-Semitism. With the idea that art should be universal writers, Churchill is aware that artists hold a great responsibility making all people to catch happiness. So Churchill's basic aim of the play is to show the rotten institutions in the community and create a peaceful world by correcting them. Aware that wars threaten human life and democracy, Churchill describes violence which will transform our present and future life to a nightmare in a poetic language in Seven Jewish Children. Churchill, in this contemporary mystery game, tries to emphasize the negativity created by the war on humanity. In this context, the author, highlights the responsibility of loading the spiritual requirements of society to live in peace in Seven Jewish Children.

1131 - 1135

Authors: Cagla Diner

Microcredit programs mostly target poor women who do not have access to credit in the formal financial system because they lack the necessary collateral or formal employment, which secure a stream of future income. It is believed that the poor women can use the credit as some sort of seed money to turn themselves into entrepreneurs, even at a small scale. Since the founder of the microcredit programs Muhammed Yunus won the Nobel Prize in Economics, we have been hearing about the success of the programs. It is widely argued that this is not only an institutionalization of a welfare mechanism, which otherwise would be a burden on the state resources, but also a means to empower women. However, there are also serious criticisms against these programs. One group of critics argues that there is no solid evidence that supports the success of microcredit programs in reducing poverty and those successful examples we hear are only a few exceptions to the majority of the credit users who do remain impoverished. Another group of critics draw attention to a particular subjectivity created by these programs in the developing countries. Such subjectivity can be described as agents responsible for their own well-being, as woman entrepreneurs who invest wisely, work hard, and rely only on their own efforts to take care of themselves and their families. Yet, such critics continue, neither this subjectivity nor access to finance through microcredit can challenge existing social hierarchies as ideological barriers to gender transformation are quite strong.

1148 - 1160

Authors: Mert Kerem Zelyurt, Muazzez Şaşmaz Ataçocuğu

Amateur football, generates “under stairs sector of football”. The elements of amateur football that evoke professionalism in working, make it mandatory to study the unique problems of this category. The purpose of this study is to reveal its own internal social and economic dynamics of amateur football and to discuss problematics identified in this context. The study was conducted using “Qualitative Method”. The reason why the editing built with qualitative method is, to show a “descriptive” approach in the topic which doesn’t have sufficient literature and scientific reference, moreover even beyond that is to expose an “exploratory” research model in relation to the research topic. It is thought that, in a research which is to be performed in original topic, this method offers opportunity to exceed the limitation of subjects by question options which are defined by questionnaire e.t.c data collection tools in the scope of quantitative method. In study “Semi-Structured in-depth interview” which is a research technique peculiar to qualitative method has been done with 6 football players, 2 trainers and 2 managers in total of 10 people who are active in amateur category. Interview data collected with voice recorder subjected to content analysis and converted to Word texts, as a result of this process by taking identified problems regard to topic in consideration, they were demonstrated in findings section with various “Theme” titles. İdentified theme titles are listed as follows: 1. Precarious Oral Agreements 2. Lack of legal inspection 3. Quota Implementation 4. Economic issues and facility problems. Problems that we have set related to amateur football need to be analyzed. Of amateur football to come to a more functional state first people of our country, athletes, trainers, managers, clubs and in the sense of totally for Turkish sport, a review of these problems is seen to be mandatory. In considering amateur football with its current operating mechanism both health, physical activity and dissemination of “mass sport” that focuses on using leisure time and it is the infrastructure and kitchen of raising Professional football player, the sociological underpinnings of this necessity also inevitably emerges with clarity. We believe that this study will encourage people that the concept of “amateurism” to be subjected to a theoretical analysis in football and besides this it will lead to be topic of current scientific studies in the light of concepts of sports sociology, labour economics of sports and sports philosophy disciplines.

1171 - 1187

Authors: Zehra Doğan Çalışkan

The poverty is an issue involving all societies and; having social, economic, political causes and effects. Due to the complex nature of poverty it's requires a multi-face solution to research and study. In previous studies, the question of how the relationship might be between a society's institutions and poverty, were answered on the growth and development concepts. Accordingly, institutions which is working effectively, growth and development process begins, income distribution and poverty problems are solved in this way. In other words, that is established an indirect relationship between institutions and poverty. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the presence of a strong econometrical relationship between institutions and the poverty. In line with in the 2000-2010 it was established relationship between poverty indicators and institutional indicators for selected countries. By using panel data analysis, try to explain relationship between institutions and poverty. By the end of the study was reached institutional structure effects poverty and poverty rate.

1200 - 1206

Authors: Ayla Oğuz

As a problematic concept, identity refers to versatile complexities in its definition and it is clear that there has been an explosion about searching the concept. The question of subjectivity together with its formation process has a great importance in the revelation of one’s personality and in the representation of one’s identity. It can be said that a psychoanalytically influenced feminism and cultural criticism shows itself as a result of this process. In this context, all kinds of cultural identity forms such as ethnic, racial, gender and woman etc. are suitable to be studied in terms of essentialist or anti-essentialist concept of identity. For Etienne Wenger, who is an educational theorist, the concept of identity is related with such terms like participation, non-participation, exclusion and inclusion. He claims that one’s identity determines his/her ability or inability in terms of the meanings that shape his/her form of belonging. In George Orwell’s A Clergyman’s Daughter, Dorothy Hare is the main character in the novel and he is the clergyman’s daughter living in a small village, Knype Hill, in the county of Suffolk. Although Dorothy performs good works, and cultivates good thoughts she has to regain her life and accept sameness in Foucauldian concept of identity. In the study, Dorothy’s identity is analysed in terms of essentialist and anti-essentialist identity forms both in order to show her ability in her adaptation to society and to define her position and her problems of identity as a female in Britain in the beginning of the twentieth century.

1217 - 1225

Authors: Mahmud Esad Erkaya

Khalwa is an experience of spiritual education which carried out under the supervision of a sheikh and in private spaces called cilehâne. During this education, abstraction of the murid from earthly feelings, thoughts and desires, cutting off all the contact with the world and being alone with the Lord are targeted. Khalwa is based on forty-day retreat of Prophet Musa on Mount Sinai and the days of Prophet Muhammed in the Cave of Hira. Khalwa has been effective for centuries in Sufi education. Ahmed Ziyauddin Gumushanevi (d. 1893), one of the representatives of the Naksibendi order in Anatolia, has implemented khalwa in spiritual education. Ahmed Ziyauddin Gumushanevi, raised by entering into khalwa, provides important information about the importance and application of khalwa in his work, Câmiu’l-usûl fi’l-evliyâ. This book deals with many issues such as preparation for seclusion, the properties of khalwa space, the principles and procedures of khalwa and prohibitions of khalwa. According to the description of Gumushanevi, khalwa is a sufi education which carried out under the supervision and permission of a mentor. Khalwa is based on eating less, sleeping less and talking less. Every emotion and thought about the world is left outside of the khalwa room. To get closer to Allah, a lot of zikrullah is needed. There are fasting at daytimes and praying at nights during a khalwa. After forty-day training, murid emerges from khalwa and goes among people. According to Gumushanevi it is unacceptable to continuously live isolated from the community.

1236 - 1247

Authors: Safiye Genç

Human is constantly able to build new sentences and to express himself in different ways, even with a limited vocabulary. Bilingual speakers, while expressing themselves verbally, have two language systems and theirs utilities. Since human brain works goal-oriented because of its nature, it utilizes this feature in an economic way and enables this bilingual source in the most productive way. Putting less effort is not always the purpose in productivity. Achievement of the intention of speech in the most effective way and avoiding misunderstandings are also productivity. Bilinguals switch from one language to other while talking among themselves in informal settings. This code-switching is not coincident. Based on audio transcriptions of bilingual speakers, this study aims to show, that code-switching moments are related with increasing productivity in speech.

1256 - 1274

Authors: Ali Cin

From the very beginning, animals have always lived with human beings while serving us in real life or by appearing in stories, myths, legends, all in all, in all narrative genres either as heroes or as a matter of figures of speech. Some features of animals have caused them being prioritized in humans’ world of thought. They (peacocks and swans) sometimes symbolized beauty, sometimes intellect (fox) and in other cases power (lions and elephants). Unfortunately, it was stubbornness that is left to the donkey’s share. The donkey was of tremendous help to humans when the wheel was not found just as he helped transportation, farming, harvesting and water carrying. In that sense, the donkey was a heart’s major property even in city life although humans’ dependence on them lessened with the development of technology. However, because of its importance, many words, expressions and sayings included the word donkey. In Turkish, the word donkey was used to symbolize stubbornness and stupidity which is the subject of this present study which looked at the variety associated with the word donkey in Anatolian Turkish.

1290 - 1296

Authors: Dilara Arpacı-Somuncu

The present study investigates the predicting effects of pre-service teacher identity and five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience) on teacher self-efficacy among pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language. It was conducted at a state university in Turkey at the spring term of 2015-2016 academic year. A total of 155 students (sophomore N = 77; junior N = 78) participated in the study. In order to measure early teacher identity level of participants, Early Teacher Identity Measure (Friesen & Besley, 2013) was employed. Personality traits were measured by Quick Big Five Inventory (Vermulst & Gerris, 2005) while Teachers’ Sense of Self-efficacy scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk-Hoy, 2001) was used to find out participants’ self- efficacy in terms of their student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management strategies. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that each variable has positive correlations with each other. Standard multiple regression analysis indicated that early teacher identity was the best predictor for teacher self-efficacy (β = .486, t = 6.856, p < .001) which was followed by openness to experience (β = .288, t = 4.296, p < .001). As the various individual differences were seen to have interrelations in the development of teaching skills, the study concludes that individual differences may help pre-service teachers to acquire one of the most important components of being a teacher: teacher-self-efficacy.

1310 - 1319

Authors: İslam Safa Kaya

Freight shipment has became widespread, as a result of developing industry and growing need for oil in the last century. Many issues have emerged due to freight shipment becomes widespread for especially coastal states. The sea pollution that occured because of ship accidents in the last fifty years, became importance as a major international issue. Therefore states approved many local and international contract and protocol thereby frequently meetings for solution seeking. Although approved contracts, gradually increase ship accidents occurring in different types and sizes with ship-source sea pollution, have made an international issue that's constantly on the agenda. For this reason it’s quite important, the analyzing of preventive contracts for ship-source sea pollution in international law.

1329 - 1340

Authors: Şebnem Aslan, Şerife Güzel

The objective of this study is to investigate which leadership style has been performed by top management (leaders) in Turkey and reveal the perceptions of cultural in leadership. Depth interview technique that is one of qualitative methods was used within the study. The questions used in the study were chosen from the question pool (Aslan, 2013; Bennis, 1959; Cheng, Chou, Wu, Huang, & Farh, 2004; Kağıtçıbaşı, 2000; Kozan, 1993; Likert, 1979; Tannenbaum, Kimberly, & Scott, 1998) that was obtained after scanning and evaluating the national and international articles. In this context, 11 open ended questions that include cultural evaluation, which were selected as to the aim of the study, were responsed by 10 top managers in Konya. Encoding and classifying were used for evaluating the obtained data and the responses of the participants were presented directly. As a result of the study, cultural construction is a crucial variable in leadership and also affects on leadership styles.

1352 - 1361

Authors: Binnaz Kıran Esen, Binaz Bozkur, Nurcan Çiçek Gökçakan, Fatma Baykal

The purpose of this research to examine the effect of psycho-educational programs which prepared for anger management over anger and anger control level of secondary school students. Research is quasi-experimental research "pretestposttest control group design" is used. The study group consistt of 16 student. For experimental and control groups 8 students were selected taking into account gender and class levels. In this study, the members constituting the experimental group participated in the one hour each time, and based on cognitive behavioral therapy consists of 8 sessions on anger management group counseling program. There was not any program application to control group. The research results showed that the score of "state anger and anger out" of secondary school students who participating anger control training program decreased compared to the control group.

1373 - 1387

Authors: İsmail Sevinç, Kubilay Özer

Public policies changing in the world inevitably affect public administration of our country. Social state approach emerging after Second World War, after World Economic Crisis in 1970, have begun to change with new approaches and searches such as the use of techniques and practice of private sector in government structuring. Among these approaches, the one which has an important place doubtlessly has been approach of New Public Administration. This new technique applying the logic and management applications of private sector to public prioritizes to the management of human resources. In this context, by beginning to give up socialization policies in health in 1980s, adopted in 1960s, in the years of 1981, 1983, 1987 and 1990, health policies that bring private sector into the forefront have became the main topic, however, an important progress was not recorded. In 2003, when Public Administration Basic Draft failed to become law, health environment in our country started to be restructured with the reform called Transformation Program in Health. With statuary decree numbered 663, issued in 2011, structure of central organization of Ministry of Health, argued as “triad structure and strong structure”, was turned into Subsidiaries, Board of Health Policies, and Service Units. The reflection of this to Provincial Organization of Ministry of Health have been the foundation of Health Directorships in the provinces as well as Directorships of Public Health, and Secretariat of Public Hospital Unity in the provinces. In this study, the effects of global transformation experienced in health on Central and Provincial Organization of Ministry of Health have been studied.

703 - 707

Authors: Argjina Karemani, Ilir Kapaj

In recent years ISO 9001 standards and TQM techniques appear as the main tool in the market. This paper analyzes the relationship between ISO 9001 standards and TQM techniques in Macedonian SME-s. The research conducted in this paper shows the benefits that enterprises receive from the implementation of ISO 9001 standards and the relationship between them based on theoretical and empirical research. We, as authors emphasize the need for enterprises to focus on issues related to the application of this standard and TQM techniques to enterprises of Republic of Macedonia (specifically Polog Region). To analyze this effect it was necessary to use the method of surveying with enterprises in the Republic of Macedonia. The research is based on a survey of 120 enterprises on Polog Region, where is analyzed the relationship between ISO 9001 standards and TQM techniques and which one of these quality techniques enterprises apply mostly. With the data processing we can conclude that even though there are large difference s between ISO 9001 standards and Total Quality management again there is a good relationship between them.

722 - 731

Authors: Nurcan Demirel

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the effects of 6 weeks of gymnastics and whole body vibration exercises on some physical fitness parameters. Twenty two male subjects participated in this research (Age average 21.4 ± 2.4 and height average 1.75 ± 5.6 cm). Participants were randomly assigned to three groups; Gymnastics and Whole-body Vibration Exercise Group (GWBVEG, n=7), Gymnastics Exercise Group (GEG, n=8) and Control Group (CG, n=7). Muscle strength, endurance and flexibility were measured before and after 6 week-exercise period. For data analyses Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used in order to look at the differences among the dependant groups and Mann Whitney U test was used in order to to look at the differences among the independant groups. When the groups’ post-tests for physical performance values were compared, it was observed that the improvement of muscle strength and endurance values of the GWBVEG group was significantly higher than the one for GEG and CG groups (p>0.05). As a result, it is suggested that the whole-body vibration in gymnastics can be considered as an important criteria for the improvement of endurance, muscle strength and flexibility.

748 - 762

Authors: Ferhat Yıldırım

Socialization and communication between humans also bring about certain problems. Situations such as conflicts of opinion and misunderstandings eventually result in disputes and conflicts in general. Even though what comes to mind at the first mention of a conflict in this framework is judicial remedy (by means of court action), certain alternative remedies other than this remedy exist at the present time. Indeed, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which first originated in the United States of America (USA) and then spread all around the world, is a product of thissearch. In this work, firstly the inception and development of the mediation process was briefly reviewed, followed by an examination of the legal studies in Turkey and what has been brought about by the Law on Mediation in Legal Disputes. While examining the stipulations of the law, Austria Federal Law on Mediation in Legal Disputes (ZivMediatG) was also addressed with a focus on its similar and different aspects compared to the Turkish Legal system. In conclusion, by taking into consideration the comparative legal practices, too, suggestions were offered for the system to spread and to obtain efficient outcomes.

774 - 784

Authors: Rabia Hos, Hatice Yagci, Halil Ibrahim Cinarbas

The aim of this study was to investigate English Language Teaching (ELT) students’ perceptions about blended learning on the improvement of language skills. The study also found out the students’ opinions about the advantages and the limitations of blended learning, and gathered the suggestions for the improvement of the blended learning experience. Quantitative research methodology was used in the study. The data was collected through blended learning perceptions questionnaire. The sample consisted of 101 Turkish ELT students selected by random stratified sampling. The results showed that students mostly had positive attitudes towards blended courses and they found these courses advantageous and beneficial for improving language skills. They reported that blended learning improved their vocabulary and listening at most. The use of multimedia was thought to be one of the greatest advantages of the blended learning. The connection problem was found out to be the biggest limitation faced by the students. Finally, the participants suggested more technical support to be provided during blended courses.

801 - 814

Authors: Hatice Işın Dizdarlar, Oyku Şener

Many theories in social sciences assumed that individuals are rational in making decisions. However, many researchers like Watson, Kahneman, Tversky and Smith claimed that individuals are not rational during decision-making process. Traditional economy and finance theories discuss whether or not they are rational forming behaviors affecting their financial decisions and behaviors. In the literature of finance, opposing the efficient market theory which assumes that investors are rational in their decisions, there are behavioral finance theories defending the idea that investors are not rational. Behavioral finance is a discipline which tries to determine the behaviors of investors in the market utilizing psychology, sociology and anthropology. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk-taking behaviors of individual investors. In the theoretical part of the study, the developments in behavioral finance theories have been investigated. On the other side, in the research part, the main aim is to define the relationship between demographic and social features and risk-taking behaviors. The questionnaire results obtained from individual investors through simple random sampling are evaluated by using chi-square and frequency analysis. As the result of the study, individual investors pointed that having knowledge of securities and the market are the most important determinants for investment. Additionally, “pseudocertainty effect”, investors’ both avoiding and taking risk according to the amount they spared for their investments, is observed. In the study, it is concluded that socio-economic factors and information are effective on risk-taking behavior of investors.

825 - 835

Authors: Cezmi Karasu

Most reliable intelligence sources in terms of their security strategy states are diplomatic mechanisms. Ottoman Empire; however, began to build regular security mechanisms the last of XVIII’th centuy. The first permanent embassy called “the residence embassy” founded by Selim III and began to see the external intelligence function with some deficiencies and shortcomings. Until the establishment of the diplomatic mechanism; external intelligence was being obtained from various other sources. Divan-i Humayun Interpreters, a one-time extraordinary ambassadors appointed, Voevodes of Wallachia and Moldavia were mainly from these sources. Voevodes of Wallachia and Moldavia with neighboring Western countries, receive through their people at the capital cities of western states used to send news to the Sublime Porte in long reports. Those intelligence reports -called "News Paper"- on the benefits of development as well as policies. Our study with face amounts expressed in Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives in Istanbul (BOA) tackles these documents. Thus, much unknown but vital function for the state of Voevodes of Wallachia and Moldavia will be put in.

843 - 854

Authors: Melahat Demirbilek, Safiye Özdemirhan, Mehmet Yigit, Leyla Özdemir, Hasan Yüksel, Ömer Özdemir

The objective of this study is to determine the opinions of senior (4th year) social work students in Ankara University and Başkent University on their educational and professional lives. This research is a descriptive study. The population of this study is the senior (4th year) social work students in Ankara University and Başkent University. The sample is selected via simple random sampling and in total 98 students voluntarily participated in the study, 61 of them being from Ankara University and 37 from Başkent University. The data is collected with a questionnaire, which consists of two parts. The first part of the questionnaire has socio-demographic questions whereas the second part of the questionnaire includes questions about social work education and occupational expectations, which are developed by the researchers. The data is analysed with SPSS 16.0 statistical programme, and frequency distribution (f), percentages and Chi-Square test(X2) techniques are used. According to the analysis results, the percentage of Ankara University students, who stated that their excitement, hope and expectations have decreased after starting the programme is higher compared to Başkent University students.47.6 % of Ankara University students and 59.4 % of Başkent University students think that some courses are not relevant for their degree. The percentage of Başkent University students who think that academic staff at their university is competent is 78.4 % whereas this number is much lower for Ankara University students (26.2 %). The percentage of students who think that social work is underdeveloped in Turkey is higher among Başkent University students compared to Ankara University students. 54 % of Başkent University students and 39.3 % of Ankara University students think that they will easily find a job after graduation. The percentage of agreeing with the statement that social work is a future job is 89.2 % among Başkent University students and 67.2 % among Ankara University students.

870 - 883

Authors: Celal Gülşen, Hicran Çetin Gündüz

The purpose of this study is to clarify the student’s opinions, who are Nevsehir University, Faculty of Education, Pedagogical Formation Education Certificate Program students, toward teacher profession and practicing this profession and practices in the extent of the courses. In the research, 3 types of questionnaire with 5 likert type were used to specify student’s opinions. The population of the study consists of 77 women and 49 men and totally 126 students. In the result of the research, it was seen that pedagogical formation education student’s opinions are positive and students wanted to do this profession. And it was also observed that students found practicing about teacher profession positive and very beneficial. In the extent of teacher practicing, most of the students pointed out that the guidance teachers help the intern teacher students in the courses and also make with students with collaboration. In the research to reach the general results, it will be beneficial to analyze these problems in different perspectives.

896 - 904

Authors: Sena Gürşen Otacıoğlu

Background: Turkey’s relations with other countries have set on a different framework in the recent years. Especially to fulfill the obligations of being an EU member, a lot of work is being carried out in different perspectives. There is effort to build up relationships with EU member countries on many subjects however there still is not enough information on these countries’ education system. In scope of the research, the music teachers who have graduated from Turkish educational institutions have been compared to their European counterparts in terms of their educational status and the results of the research have been noteworthy Propose:To better serve the research purposes, the curriculums ofSalzburg Mozarteum University,Austria andMarmara University,Turkey have been analyzed in terms of a) credit hours, b) course durations, c) course contents. Based on the results, data presentations in tables as well as commentary have been provided from a Comparative Education standpoint. In the subcategories of this research, the following topics have been compared between,AustriaandTurkey: a) Starting and receiving musical education, b) The educational systems of institutions raising music teachers, c) The capabilities of institutions raising music teachers, d) The educational programs of institutions raising music teachers. The research has been conducted based on qualitative research principals while qualitative solution methods have been preferred. Percentage and Frequency evaluations have been performed where necessary. Sources of evidence Despite all the effort spent by institutions related to the education of teachers, this subject is still very problematic on every level of education inTurkey. Comparing the current education of the teachers coming from Turkish faculties of education and their counterparts in developed European countries is thought to bring out results that will shed light to the solution of existing problems. Main argument The research made with this idea in mind aims to become a reference to help develop the best and highest quality teacher education programs that are necessary to make music teachers, who have an important role in the education of music in Turkey’s National Education System, well equipped in their profession and thus help them become qualified educators and start this program during their school years. Conclusions:As a result of this research, valuable information has been gained as differences have been observed between the two countries’ teaching methodologies in terms of credit hours, course durations and course contents. Furthermore, with the current student exchange programs in European countries taken into consideration, the contributions of this research will be better realized.

915 - 929

Authors: Harun Sulak

The basic assumption of the classical inventory (EOQ/EPQ) models is that %100 of items ordered/produced are perfect. However, in most of the production processes, it is unavoidable that the items ordered or produced are defective. This study developes a fuzzy economic order quantity model with defective items and shortages. In this model, the demand, defective rate, ordering cost, unit cost, disposal cost, holding cost, backordering cost and screening cost are expressed as trapezoidal and triangular fuzzy numbers. Moreover, the Graded Mean Integration Representation method is applied to defuzzify the total profit function in fuzzy sense, and then the optimal policy for the model is determined. The results between crisp case and fuzzy case are compared with the help of numerical examples. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to find the effect of changes in the values of selling prices of good-and imperfect quality items, screening rate and percentage of scrap items on optimal solutions.

938 - 948

Authors: Jonas Mikael Christensen

The problems and challenges of Social work relate to both local and global contexts, and Social Work Education needs to be characterized by this, although how to fully realize it is complex. The purpose of this article is to problematize and detail how Social Work Education can be seen in higher education from the perspective of internationalization out of a swedish context. The article should be seen as a contribution to Educational Science where internationalization can add to the understanding of social education. Research data has been collected from two groups of respondents: Social work students and lecturers in Social Work Education. The theoretical frame of reference is provided by a modified social-ecological model called the Entrecology model, a connector in education between the individual in relation to her or his surrounding context on different levels. The main conclusion is that the concept of ‘acting locally, thinking globally, should be viewed as a major input for developing Social Work Education—A Glocal approach.

960 - 979

Authors: Aicha El Alaoui

This paper tries to examine if women’s education affects the economic growth. To illustrate this aim, four countries cases have been presented: Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria, named MATE. The motive behind choosing them was because these countries have many common religious and cultural norms and values. The statistical analysis of data over the period 1960-2012 shows that the relationship between fertility rate and different measures of education is negative. Averages literacy rate and labour participation of the female are less than that of male. Two panel models are estimated over the period 2000-2012: a 'general' panel model and a 'gender' panel model. In the first model, the explanatory variables are introduced without gender’s characteristics in order to measure their impact on the economic growth. In the second model, the explanatory variables are introduced in the first model with gender’s distinguishing excluding variables that measure the quality of governance and institutional. The main findings are that women’s education, particularly, tertiary education, women’s labour force participation and institutional capital affect positively economic growth. On the contrary, the primary and secondary school enrolment are negatively linked to the economic growth. This paper concludes that women’s tertiary education is a master-key to economic growth and development accompanied by a healthy and good quality of institutional capital and by eliminating all forms of gender discrimination.

991 - 999

Authors: Fitim Deari, Rufi Osmani

The purpose of this study is to examine the accounting versus taxable profit for selected firms. Totally nine firms are examined for the period 2010-2014. Selected firms are indexed on Macedonian Stock Exchange Index - MBI10 and belong to different industry sectors. Selected firms are the most liquid on Macedonian Stock Exchange, have better business performance and financial statements are prepared in accordance with IAS and IFRS. The analysis is focused on effects of additional fiscal costs (firm income tax) to net profit (loss). The analysis argues that despite the fact that formally Macedonia ranks among the countries with lower fiscal burden of 10% tax (personal income tax and profit tax), the level of real fiscal cost is much higher and very asymmetric. This additional fiscal cost and this fiscal asymmetry is the result of the fact that the law on profit tax in whole or part taxed in additional way 25 types of operating expenses which are considered irrelevant; and even these costs exceed the minimum limits set by the government of the country. In the case of Macedonia, fiscal provisions of the law on profit tax affect illogically situations that even firms operate with loss they should pay income tax; and consequently, this increase the business loss on one hand and decrease the economic and financial performance on the other hand.

1012 - 1023

Authors: Sevim Güllü, Ezgi Gülden Çiftçi

This research aims at examining gym members' perceptions of life quality. The research was conducted in the survey model. The quality of life scale was acquired from the world health organization (2015). The scale has four subdimensions: physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. The study group of the research was composed of 100 individuals who are members of a private gym located in mecidiyeköy, istanbul. Percentage, frequency, and crosstab methods were used to find about the distribution of participant demographics. To test whether subdimensions of the scale exhibits normal distribution, the kolmogorov-smirnov test was performed and it was found that all subdimensions of the quality of life scale exhibited normal distribution. (p<0.05). Accordingly, the independent t-test and the one-way variance (anova) test were applied for two-variable data at the significance level of α = 0.05 and multi-variable data respectively. Post-hoc tests were utilized for finding the difference between the groups. As a result of evaluating the findings, participants' quality of life did not differ significantly by gender in the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. When considered by the gender variable, a significant different was found in the psychological and environmental domains. In the psychological domain, the participants whose ages varied between 23 and 26 had a higher quality of life than those whose age were 31 and above. Those whose aged varied between 27 and 30 also had higher quality of life than those whose ages were 31 and above. In the environmental domain, the participants whose ages varied between 23 and 26 had higher quality of life than those whose ages varied between 18 and 22 and were 31 and above. On the other hand, a statistically significant difference was found only in the psychological domain in terms of the income level variable. The life quality of those whose income were lower than try 1500 were significantly found to be lower than those whose income were higher than try 3000. It is considered normal that individuals' perceptions of life quality increase as their income levels increase, too. The research can be enriched with participants of different characteristics.

1030 - 1041

Authors: Fatma Lorcu, Gamze Yıldız Erduran

In the last twenty years, entrepreneurship education has developed greatly in developed countries and it is quite effective in terms of entrepreneurial intention. This study aims to find out to what extent entrepreneurial education affects the entrepreneurial intentions of students at Trakya University. Entrepreneurial education has recently been added to the program at Trakya University, and positive results from this study will help to show the effectiveness of these courses. The study found that students who have been in receipt of an entrepreneurial education have deeper entrepreneurial intentions to take action when compared with students who were not in receipt of an entrepreneurial education. Besides, it was found that the percentage of those who are unclear as to whether to establish their own business or not, in terms of all the students who took an entrepreneurship course and those who did not, is rather high; besides, 23% of the students think that entrepreneurship can be learned.