Enfoque UTE

pp. 1 - 28

Authors: Laura Stefany Velásquez-Quispe, Carlini Alberto Ortiz-Meza, Ulises Gonzalo Calizaya-Mamani, Andrea Alejandra Zapana-Calderón, Gabriela Cristina Chire-Fajardo

The current COVID-19 pandemic is a disease that affects everyone. The Peruvian government has promoted the use of physical barriers; however, the immune system is an important defense against the virus that has not yet been motivated. The objectives were: to know the COVID-19 disease and its behavior; to know the nutritional diet of the population; to define the population at risk and to make food proposals in time of pandemic in Peru. For this, we used the information sources of scientists and science institutions. The results were: the main characteristics of the disease and its effect on the population at different ages and risk groups; described the feeding in six different regions of Peru, showing high simple carbohydrate intake and unbalanced nutritional energy, identified the nutrients of the biodiversity resources; defined the population with the risk; presented a diet for patients at home, those in critical condition and those who passed the disease; as well as general recommendations to the population that includes a comprehensive energy to achieve a healthy life. Culminates highlighting the importance of the role of the Peruvian State to promote a healthy life for the population.

pp. 45 - 57

Authors: Fabian Salazar, Maritza Núñez, Julio Cuji, Carlos Gordón

This article develops the literary review of the architectures of energy harvesting systems, identifying parameters such as: frequency, type of antenna, architecture (elements), among others. The methodology has four stages: a) Search for documentation, 10 systems were obtained, which were designated with the letter "S" accompanied by the article number; b) Reading of scientific documents; c) Extraction of information and architecture of the systems, where the stages of each system are detailed (which vary from 2 to 4), the working frequencies (300 KHz to 3.43 GHz, 2.45 GHz being the most used in systems for collecting radio frequency energy). In addition to using in certain systems, multiplier and rectifier circuits in different configurations: half wave, full wave; to later be stored in batteries or directly applied to devices; d) Documentation of the information extracted. Finally, after completing the literary review, it was observed that, in most articles, the systems have 3 stages: antenna, coupling, and rectification that transforms the received energy (alternating current) into direct current, their operation varies in frequency intervals of 1.8 to 2.4 GHz depending on the configuration of each system. Likewise, the product obtained is a consultation APP, with a selection menu of the different architectures investigated, which is a very beneficial contribution for researchers who wish to work in this area.

pp. 76 - 87

Authors: Miguel Angel López Ramírez, Olaya Pirene Castellanos Onorio, Fabiola Lango Reynoso, María del Refugio Castañeda Chávez, Jesús Montoya Mendoza, Cinthya Alejandra Sosa Villalobos, Benigno Ortiz Muñiz

Every year millions of cubic meters of wastewater are discharged into water bodies, which are treated in an inadequate way, these procedures being inefficient to achieve what is required by law or for use within industrial processes. In these cases, and due to the scarcity of water, the use of advanced oxidation processes is being used as an alternative treatment, which are based on physicochemical processes capable of producing profound changes in the chemical structure of pollutants, involving the generation and the use of transitory species with great oxidizing power, mainly the hydroxyl radical, which can be generated by photochemical means or by other forms of energy, and is highly effective in the oxidation of organic matter. This review aims to perform an analysis of the influence of treatments on the decontamination process.

pp. 1 - 10

Authors: Américo Guevara Pérez, Elizabeth Villanueva-Quejia, Diana Nolazco Cama, Gabriela Llontop, Keidy Cancino Chávez

It was determined the influence of weight, temperature and time of injection of saturated steam as an organic sterilization system (OSS), on the microbial load, proximal analysis and capsaicin content in mirasol chili pepper and panca chili pepper. Work was done with 3 and 4 kg of chili pepper, 100 and 105 °C (20 and 25 kPa), for 2 and 3 minutes. The pre and post analyzes were: count of viable mesophilic aerobes, total coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, molds and yeasts, proximal and capsaicin content. The samples containing 3 kg of mirasol chili pepper, subjected to 105 °C for 3 minutes and the ones containing 3 and 4 kg of panca chili pepper to 105 °C for 3 minutes, achieved a greater reduction of mesophilic aerobes and molds. The statistical evaluation found interactions between the variables: weight and temperature in mirasol chili pepper; weight, temperature and time in panca chili pepper, on the reduction of mesophilic aerobes and molds; influencing the proximal composition and content reduction of capsaicin from 863.2 to 751.9 ppm (mirasol chili pepper) and 405.6 to 315.1 ppm (panca chili pepper); showing that the OSS treatment is an efficient method in microbial decontamination process.

pp. 24 - 35

Authors: Melisa, G. Britez, Fabiana A. Rolhaiser, Carina L. Fernández, Ricardo A. Fogar, Mara Cristina Romero

The aim of the study was to develop gelled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, formulated with flax oil and chickpea flour with adequate structural and technological properties to be used as substitutes for animal fat. For this, two formulations were made, one without antioxidant and the other with the most widely used synthetic antioxidant in the industry. The chickpea flour and gelatin were hydrated for 3 hours with stirring at 3000 r. p. m., then they were heated for 30 minutes at 90 °C, cooled to 30 °C and processed again at 3000 r. p. m. for 30 seconds, while the oil phase was slowly incorporated with the emulsifying agent. The mixtures were placed in containers, allowed to stabilize at 25 °C for 30 minutes and then refrigerated for 24 hours. The syneresis, thermal stability, lipid oxidation, and infrared spectra of the samples were determined. Some significant differences can be observed for lipid oxidation (p <0.05), however, syneresis and thermal stability did not show differences (p> 0.05), with emulsions showing great water and fat retention capacity. This can be attributed to the protein structure resulting from heating the emulsion to cause gelation. The gelled emulsions obtained have adequate structural and technological properties, with lipid oxidation values under limit of detection of 1.59 mg MDA / kg sample. Given the characteristics of the emulsion obtained, a new field of application of technological strategies opens up to obtain animal fat substitutes as a healthy fat ingredient in meat products.

pp. 51 - 64

Authors: Carlos Lázaro Castillo García, Diego Emilio Abreu Franco , Michael Alvarez González

The concentration time is an essential parameter for the use of the rain-runoff models that obtain the maximum runoff expense at a point in a basin. There are various empirical formulas for its estimation worldwide, despite this, there is no general rule when choosing the appropriate one. In the present work, formulas used in the calculation of this parameter were compared from the urban basin of the Bélico river in the city of Santa Clara with the closing point in the city's North Ring Road. A balance was made of the results obtained and criteria were issued about the advantages and disadvantages of the methods described. A threshold of the maximum and minimum values of each empirical formula used was proposed, which allowed future considerations in projects to rectify the urban riverbed and its associated urban stormwater drainage.

pp. 1 - 18

Authors: Kathya Rivera, Beatriz Pernía

Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals and its occupational exposure can generate plumbemia. For this reason, the objective of this investigation was to generate a baseline of lead concentrations in the blood of a group of battery factory workers in Guayaquil-Ecuador and of a control group not exposed to the metal at work, to establish the existence of occupational risk between sexes, ages, and jobs positions. For this, blood samples were taken from the workers and the control group. The samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. 100 % of the workers presented Pb in an average concentration of 16.22 ± 6.82 µg / dL higher than the World Health Organization value, but lower than the limit established by Occupational Health and Safety Assessment of 40 µg / dL, also, the value was higher than of the control group (0.68 ± 0.15 µg / dL). Men presented higher levels of Pb than women and these values ​​varied depending on the job in the factory. In conclusion, 4.55 % of the workers did not present a risk of lead poisoning, 13.64 % low risk, 78.79 % medium risk, and only 3.00 % high risk.

pp. 37 - 51

Authors: César Arroba Arroba, Manuel Telenchana Flores, Juan Paredes Salinas , Salomón Fiallo Ortega, Henry Vaca Ortega

Nowadays, polymeric matrix composite materials are used in multiple applications. One of the important areas of application is in the aeronautical sector, due to the relatively low density of the combined materials; these compounds have good mechanical properties, comparable to metallic materials, but providing additional benefits. The objective of this work is to carry out the experimental tests and the numerical analysis of the structure of the alternative composite material to be used to repair of the flight surfaces of CIDFAE aircraft. A widely extended vacuum bagging process was used to obtain a more homogeneous compound, thus reducing defects in processing, better controlling the fiber fraction and the overall thickness of the compound. Specimens of epoxy resin reinforced with layers of flat fabric of three different fibers of: carbon, glass and aramid, in different orientations, were made, which were tested for traction, bending and impact to determine their mechanical properties. It has been shown that the results obtained by analytical methodology and the finite element method are approximate to the results obtained with destructive tests. The experimental results show that the tensile strength values are higher in epoxy resin materials reinforced with 4 layers of carbon fiber in orientation 0 ° -90 °.

pp. 69 - 79

Authors: Shonerly Bustamante García, Miguel Ángel Valles Coral, Immer Elías Cuellar Rodríguez , Danny Lévano Rodríguez

Information security management within an organization must be a well-defined process, as it involves a huge effort from users, area managers and other servers to know how to respond to suspicious events and how to manage identified vulnerabilities. The objective of this research was to improve information security management in a Peruvian district municipality, through the implementation of a policy model under ISO 27001: 2013. For this, a preexperimental investigation was carried out with a sample of 30 workers, to whom a questionnaire was applied to measure the degree of satisfaction with the implanted model. On average, more than 90 % of those surveyed recognized improvements in the municipality, marking a great difference between the pre and postest, from 49 % to 96 %. It is concluded that the security policy model, based on three fundamental pillars: confidentiality, integrity, and availability, improved information security management, guaranteeing adequate data protection.

pp. 1 - 11

Authors: Marlon Ricardo Bailón-Rojas, Nelino Florida-Rofner

Cocoa and coffee are important crops in the area and are managed under organic production standards, and the use of organic fertilizers is high, especially compost. For this reason, physical-chemical indicators were evaluated, and the quality of the compost produced with different inputs and marketed in the Rupa Rupa district, Huánuco-Peru region, was determined. It is a non-experimental correlational investigation with statistical adjustment of completely randomized, the treatments are the identified compost: Alborada compost (CAL), M&F Organic compost (CMF), municipal waste compost (CML), compost from the Divisoria Cooperative (CCD) and formulated commercial compost (CCF). Physical (humidity) and chemical indicators (ashes, pH, MO, N, P2O5, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were evaluated and the quality was determined according to the Colombian technical standard (NTC 5167) , the Chilean official standard (NOCh 2880) and the quality standards of the World Health Organization (OMS). The Results show no differences in the physical and chemical indicators, except for the N levels and according to the NTC and the OMS correspond to good quality compost and the NOCh classifies them as medium quality compost. In conclusion, the compost evaluated are of medium quality and the standard that best determines the quality is the NOCh, which can be applied in countries that do not have a specific standard that determines the quality of the compost.

pp. 29 - 43

Authors: Laura Patricia Bermeo Escobar

Purple passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is an exotic, sweet and slighty acid flavored fruit with a pleasant aroma. It is also widely accepted in European markets. In Colombia, a part of the yield crop is comprised of fruit that does not meet quality standards for export and is intended for national consumption, and marketed at very low prices. Therefore, it is necessary to propose alternatives for its use and potential market. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the degree of ripeness for purple passionfruit on the sensory acceptance in food products. Yogurt and cereal bars sweetened with purple passionfruit sauce from fruit with different stages of ripeness (T1: 30 %, T2: 50 %, T3: 70 % and T4: 100 %) were prepared. By a panel of 101 consumers aged 18-54 years old, using a 5-point facial hedonic scale, said products were sensorially assessed. The results obtained showed that 56.44% of consumers preferred T4 treatment (yogurt) and 51.49% of consumers preferred T3 treatment (cereal bars). The above mentioned leads to conclude that, for yogurt preparations, it is best to sweeten with ripe or even overripe fruit, while for cereal bars it is ideal to use purple passionfruit with a lower stage of ripeness (70%).

pp. 59 - 73

Authors: Carlos A. Bocanegra García, Bilmia Veneros Urbina, Zoila Gladis Culquichicón Malpica

The present research describes and analyzes the impacts of the anthropic transformation of the coastal strip of the city of Trujillo, due to the systematic construction and expansion of a rigid structure called sand retaining mill in the port of Salaverry. It is described and analyzed the impacts of the anthropic transformation of the strip and its consequences due to the construction of the retention molon. Satellite images, photographs and hydrographic charts were used for the respective analysis seeking to raise awareness and encourage scientists, authorities and citizens in general to conserve the coast and save it. The main impacts are referred to the modification of the coast line, adding the destruction of beaches and the alteration of ecosystems. Erosion as a phenomenon has been affecting many coastal areas, but in this one in particular the problem has increased and seems not to stop even knowing all the aspects and climatic impacts that this may generate, destabilizing natural habitats and changing the behavior of the tides by directing them to unforeseen areas. With the problem posed.

pp. 1 - 15

Authors: Elías Portilla Olvera, Daniela Lis Godoy

Social tagging consists of classifying web resources using words or tags freely chosen by users. The simplicity and openness of social tagging systems to organize resources is the key to your success on the internet. There are numerous approaches to facilitate the user the labeling process, allowing them to reuse labels and thus optimizing their limited reading and writing time. This document proposes a different hybrid approach that simply solves the problem of recommendations based solely on the content of the resource, merging the list of recommendations with the most popular tags in the user's tag history, thus allowing them to reuse terms assigned to others resources.

pp. 27 - 36

Authors: Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Wasim Abbas, Asad Abdullah, Usama Hassan

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an important insect pest of the cotton crop worldwide. Sex-pheromone and light traps were used to monitor the adult P. gossypiella population in Bt cotton field for the years 2017-18 at southern Punjab, Pakistan. The sampling of infested bolls was done to record the damage level of P. gossypiella. The sex-pheromone traps captured approximately 2-3 times more adults than light traps in all locations during 2017-18. For sex-pheromone traps, temperature showed negative and strong relation (R2 = 0.63-0.80) with trap catches. Fewer bolls (7.0-9.0%) were infested in plots where sex-pheromone traps were installed compared to check plots (32-37%). Therefore, the pheromone trapping proved an effective and eco-friendly tool for the monitoring and management of P. gossypiella. Our findings enable forecasting of seasonal P. gossypiella population providing additional information for the development of an integrated pest management program for this pest.

pp. 48 - 56

Authors: Eduardo Salazar, Roxana Valenzuela, Margarita Aguilar, Natali Aranda, Alejandrina Sotelo, Gabriela Cristina Chire-Fajardo, Milber Ureña

Cocoa is used in the manufacturing of different products. Fermenting microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria use the high nutrient content of cocoa. This research evaluated physicochemical properties and microbial group behavior of fresh cocoa bean and four treatments to compare among them (A, A-farmer, B, and B-farmer). Moisture content, mold and yeast count, and Salmonella were determined in fresh cocoa beans and treatments. The results of fresh cocoa beans were moisture content of 56.30 ± 0.02 % and microbiological count below control. Treatments results were moisture content of 3.10 ± 0.02 %, 10.30 ± 0.20 %, 4.80 ± 0.00 %, and 11.40 ± 0.20 % (p ≤ 0.05), mold and yeast count were statistically similar (p > 0.05). Salmonella was not detected in any of the treatments. These findings indicate that regardless of post-harvest process, there is no fungal contamination in cocoa when carrying out good manufacturing practices.

pp. 71 - 86

Authors: Andres A. Sánchez-Escalona, Yanán Camaraza-Medina, Yoalbys Retirado-Mediaceja, Ever Góngora-Leyva

This research proposed an optimized water distribution scheme in order to increase the heat transfer on a hydrogen sulphide gas coolers system. The system is comprised by two jacketed shell and tube heat exchangers, installed in a series-parallel arrangement. Each equipment operates with three streams, hence two major thermal communications are present. The water flowrates optimization was performed through genetic algorithms, using a model based on the ɛ-NTU method for simulation of the heat exchangers. The heat transfer incremental was estimated within the range 3695 to 10514 W, while the gas temperature reduction at the system outlet was projected between 2,9 and 9,8 K. Calculated heat recovery varied from 3,90 to 22,16%, averaging 12,44%. Multivariate linear regression was implemented for determination of the functions that solves the studied problem from a technological point of view.

pp. 101 - 115

Authors: Moisés Filiberto Mora Murillo, Walter Alfredo Mora Murillo, Digvijay Pandey

In Ecuador, in the Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province, a Special Operations Committee (SOC) was created to take containment measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This research deals with an analysis of the possible spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus causing the infectious disease caused by new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) using the Susceptible, Exposed, Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model as a prediction method according to the rigor of the containment measures evaluated. with the acceptability of people through a survey (95 %, CI) in which three parameters (α) severity of containment measures, (k) social impact of the pandemic and (β) transmission rate, are determined, which we then used as β (t) with initial value of β = 1. All this considering the rapid proliferation of the virus in the province and having an average of α = 3.23 (95 % CI: 3 - 4) and for k = 4.10 (95 % CI: 4 - 5) that the authorities will use to mitigate the spread of the virus, as well as future outbreaks of the disease.