Enfoque UTE

pp. 1 - 14

Authors: JUAN DAVID RAMIREZ, Krissia Cabezas, Pedro Jiménez, Raúl Canelos, Bolívar Escobar

This paper presents the voltage distributions along the insulator strings of a 500 kV overhead transmission line of Ecuador. The electrostatic problem related to the voltage distribution was solved using the Finite Element Method. A 1: 1 scale drawing is done on a CAD type drawing tool and then exported to the FEMM program that solves the problem and the results related to the voltages in the insulator string are obtained. The voltage differences in the different insulators that constitute a string are appreciated and the difference between the strings determined by the geometric location in the solution space is observed

pp. 25 - 34

Authors: Maritza Quijia-Quijia, Stephanie Castillo-Torres, Wilson Vasquez-Castillo, Mauricio Racines-Oliva

The research was carried out in the Nayón-Quito, Ecuadorian Pichincha-Province, with temperatures ranging between 18 - 22 ° C, located at an altitude of 2325 meters above sea level. Ice cream bean is a species used to provide shade in some crops such as coffee and cocoa. In this study, 15 ice cream bean trees were selected in which 30 vegetative buds/plant were marked to follow them in time and observe their development. Weekly observations were made of the transition of the vegetative to reproductive structures of the crop in order to establish the duration of each stage presented by the plant as well as the thermal cumulation necessary for these changes to occur. During the study, the selected trees selected presented constant bud break, foliage fall and fruiting. These changes varied according to the climatic conditions of Nayón. It was finally determined that ice cream bean flowering stage lasted 155 days and a total of 497 thermal units were needed to fruit harvest. The BBCH scale (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) describes the phenological development of crops from germination to senescence, comprising 8 main stages that are germination, leaf development, bud formation, inflorescence formation, flowering, fruit development, fruit ripening and senescence. Based on this scale a visual-phenological description of the ice cream bean fruit setting was obtained with the most relevant subphases presented by the plants (521, 525, 529, 621, 625, 629, 723, 725, 729). This information constituted basic and outmost useful and relevant data to better understand the process of development of this crop and improve field and production practices.

pp. 46 - 54

Authors: Jorge Luis Miguel Loo Miranda, Gabriela Cristina Chire Fajardo , Milber Oswaldo Ureña Peralta

This study linked the fermentation index of two varieties of cocoa beans: CCN 51 and ICS 6 with electrical conductivity (EC) of the water where they were immersed using a laboratory conductimeter. Mixtures of 11 fermented cocoa beans and unfermented were performed in order to obtain fermentation index from 0% (unfermented beans) to that reached by the fermented cocoa beans. Immersion times tested for determination of the electrical conductivity were 90 and 180 minutes. The results of electrical conductivity for CCN 51 and ICS 6 were 56.1 ± 12.0 to 1375.0 ± 28.0 mS/cm and 150.0 ± 19.9 to 1199.3 ± 44.5 mS/cm, respectively. Subsequent conductivity values ​​did not represent significant increases over time. The relationship between the fermentation index and electrical conductivity for CCN 51 showed positive trend, achieving a R2 = 63.1%. The following function by regression: EC (CCN-51) = 1196 + 10.83 * (FI) – 0.06 *(FI)2 got a model with significant adjustment to be used to determine its fermentation index.

pp. 69 - 86

Authors: Bimael Justo Quispe Reymundo, Ronald Héctor Révolo Acevedo

The effect of surface temperature on the state of the vegetation in the forest of Polylepis spp and to relate it is the objective of this research. As methodology 9 satellite images of the Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS Sensor were used, evaluated using remote sensing, applying Pearson r correlation and statistical t student hypothesis. The following results were obtained: the relationships during the 9 months of the year 2018 - - 2019 between LST - NDVI r = 0.11, t = 0.29; LST - NDWI r = -0.43, t = 1.27; LST - SAVI r = 0.13, t = 0.34 and LST - MSI r = 0.56, t = 1.77; the average ratio of 9 images classified in Jenks Natural Breaks values ​​between LST - NDVI r = 0.99, t = 47.12; LST - NDWI r = -0.98, t = 28.93; LST - SAVI r = -0.99, t = 65.39 and LST - MSI r = 0.99, t = 30.39; and the effect of “TVX” for NDVI (East: -0.0778 / 0.0549; West: 0.6434 / -0.0120), NDWI (West: -0.6128 / -0.0463; East: 0.3057 / 0.0474), SAVI (West: 0.4089 / 0.0232; East: -0.0073 / -0.0011) and MSI (East: 0.5565 / 0.1856; West: 1.3993 / 0.0362). In conclusion, it is confirmed that during the 9 months that the monitoring lasted, there was no statistical correlation and that on average of the 9 images classified in Jenks Natural Breaks there is a correlation; TVX confirmed the influence of surface temperature on the state of vegetation within the forest over time.

pp. 102 - 110

Authors: Jaime Antamba Guasgua, Vladimir Azanza, Gorky Reyes, Alvaro Remache, Soraya Ruiz

All powered vehicles have a braking system adopted according to the type of vehicle and work for which they are designed. In Ecuador, there is a great variety of auto parts that are proposed as alternative replacement, varying in cost and quality. This research aims to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the brake disc material between original and alternate auto parts. This research analyzes three brake disc samples (A, B, C) from different manufacturing sources, using the ASTM E415-08 spectrometry test and the metallography test under the ASTM A247-16A standard. The spectrometry detects 15 elements in each sample, the carbon equivalent of sample A is 18% and 20% higher in relation to sample B and C, which significantly influences the microstructure. The metallographic tests indicate a pearlitic matrix in each sample, however, there is a different distribution and size of the graphite flakes. According to the SAE J431 standard, each auto part meets the material conditions for the brake disc function.

pp. 01-10

Authors: Ernesto Cañarte-Bermúdez, Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño, Silvia Montero-Cedeño, Hugo César Arredondo-Bernal, Onésimo Chávez-López, Néstor Bautista-Martínez

Efficacy of neem on Citrus Leafminer (CLM) and effect on its parasitoid Ageniaspis citricola was evaluated, using field, cage and olfactometer tests. Treatments were: aqueous extract of neem (50 gL-1), formulated oil of neem (10 mL L-1) and control. Field study was done in a Citrus aurantifolia orchard, three applications were carried out, which were evaluated every 48 hours until ten days after the treatment. Cage and olfactometer tests were performed in a greenhouse and repeated twice each time. In the cage, it were used 50 infested Citrus reticulata plants per experimental unit, while for the olfactometer test, as experimental arena, transparent plastic jars with 20 adults of CLM inside were used. Variables evaluated were: CLM infestation, dead, live and predated larvae, pupae, emerged adults and parasitized pupal chambers. The highest mortality of the CLM was caused by the aqueous extract of neem with 77.17%, which began 48 hours after application, suggesting inhibition of feeding. The aqueous extract of neem showed in average 88.80 % of repellency of adults of CLM and neem oil 85.64%. The high mortality of CLM and the repellent effect of neem, seem to influence negatively in parasitism which fluctuated between 9.45 % and 20.16 % in treated trees.

pp. 21-28

Authors: Mercedes Elizabeth Navarrete Párraga, Silvia Madeleim Zambrano Marcillo, Walter Ramón Zambrano Sabando, Martha Alicia Romero Pizarro, Marcelo Rafael Racines Jaramillo, Ernesto Ricardo Paredes Puga, Leonardo Andres Quintero Roman, Digner Santiago Ortega Cedillo

This work was performed in the oil extraction laboratory of the African Palm Program, of the Experimental Station “Santo Domingo” of the INIAP. The main objective was to determine the efficiency of three oil extraction equipments, in three oil palm genotypes. The equipments used were Velp solvent extractor, Soxhlet extractor and a 1500 psi hydraulic press. The genotypes evaluated are part of the germplasm bank of the Palm Program at INIAP: Elaeis guineensis (african palm), Elaeis oleifera (american palm) and E. oleifera x E. guineensis (interspecific hybrid). The experimental design was a complete random design (DCA), with 20 observations, followed by student’s test and Tukey test at a 5 significance, to determine differences between treatment means. The results showed highly significant differences between the different factors evaluated. The higher percentage of oil per bunch was obtained with the genotype E. guineensis in the Soxhlet extractor (18.43 %) and the lowest percentage for E. oleifera with the hydraulic press (0.34 %). The analysis of costs determined that the lowest cost was obtained with the hydraulic press with USD 8,20 per sample.

pp. 47-57

Authors: Monica Iza, Pablo Viteri, Milton Hinojosa, Anibal Martínez, Andrea Sotomayor Correa, William Viera

The genus Rubus is one of the most diverse in terms of morphology and genetics, presenting a wide spectrum of wild and cultivated species that are desired by their edible fruits. In Ecuador, the cultivation of blackberry (R. glaucus and Rubus sp.) is present along the Inter-Andean region, grown between 2000 and 3100 masl. This fruit crop is economically important for its high demand for fresh and processed consumption. This research was carried out in the Tumbaco Experimental Farm of INIAP (Ecuador) with the objective of finding characters that allow the morphological, phenological and pomological differentiation of four blackberry cultivars (Castilla, Andimora, Colombiana and Brazos). The multivariate analysis showed three conglomerates (C). Cultivars Andimora and Colombiana (C3) do not have spines unlike Castilla (C2) and Brazos (C1). Colombian was the earliest cultivar (161 days of sprouting to harvest) and Castilla the latest (186 days). Brazos cultivar showed the highest fruit weight (5.85 g). Andimora reached the highest content of soluble solids (11.86 ºBrix) and had firm fruits. The differentiating characters observed in this study make possible to establish parameters of distinction between the cultivars that are currently cultivated in Ecuador.

pp. 71-84

Authors: Yeison Núñez-Sánchez, Antonio González-Torres

Outsourcing allows organizations to reduce costs, optimize the use of resources, provide added value in services and goods, and concentrate on achieving the strategic objectives of the business. However, many software projects have failed due to the lack of knowledge of the factors involved in its planning. Some of these elements are poor communication with the supplier, weak monitoring of the status of tasks, lack of active participation of users and stakeholders at all stages of the process, and software quality assurance. Consequently, this research aims to aid the management of the outsourcing process and proposes a methodology for its management during system development. The methodology comprises 7 phases, each one with its inputs, tasks, and outputs, which are used by the following stages. In summary, it synthesizes the best practices for the management of third parties.

pp. 95-108

Authors: Anthony Xavier Andrade Cando, William Quitiaquez Sarzosa, Luis Fernando Toapanta

Low and medium solar heating systems used for domestic and industrial applications, such as water and space heating, usually utilize solar flat plate collectors in order to absorb solar thermal energy converting it into heat and then transferring the heat to a fluid (usually water or air) that flows through it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the solar flat plate collector’s efficiency and the fluid behavior inside the pipeline with three different cross sections, whose hydraulic diameters are 10, 5.12 and 6.16 mm, by using ANSYS Fluent. The results obtained from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool showed that the collector with the Type I cross section reached temperatures up to 330 K at the pipe outlet obtaining an efficiency of 68 %, higher than those of Types II and III, whose efficiencies were 51 % and 60 %, respectively. Type I cross section also presented the lowest values in both speed and pressure drop, these being 0.266 m/s and 108.3 Pa, respectively.

pp. 68 - 83

Authors: Julio César Leguísamo Milla, Edilberto Llanes Cedeño, Juan Rocha Hoyos

This article presents the results of the impact of ecodriving on fuel consumption and the emission factors of polluting gases from a gasoline vehicle when performing road testing in the city of Quito, located at 2 810 meters above sea level. A route with traffic validated by the Technology Transfer Center has been selected for the training and investigation of vehicle emission control. A Chevrolet Aveo Family was used as a test vehicle, , considering is the bestselling vehicle in the city at the moment. And the equipment used to measure fuel consumption and the concentration of emissions was an onboard gas analyzer and a canister. The success and the measuring of the data in this experimentation were determined using the STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVI software. The results showed significant differences in fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of CO and NOx when applying an efficient driving, except for the HC in which there is no significant difference, but the emission is lower when is used on standard driving.

pp. 1 - 14

Authors: Cecilia Challiol, Franco Martín Borrelli, Francisco Goin Plexevi, Candela Mariel Rouaux Servat, Facundo Ivan Mendiburu, Estevan Gomez-Torres, Silvia Ethel Gordillo

The contribution of this paper is to explore how in-situ co-design of indoor spaces (e.g. building) of Location-based Mobile Games could be handle, by describing the learned lessons on this topic. This paper presents a conceptual framework for in-situ co-design of indoor spaces on Location-based Mobile Games to assist to carry out this kind of experience using useful resources (as Design Thinking's resources). An experience of in-situ co-design for an indoor space on a Location-based Mobile Game is presented using this framework; for some phases an authoring tool was used which allows in-situ co-design of relevant locations for an application. Based on this experience, the authoring tool was extended to create a specific kind of Location-based Mobile Game. This paper presents this extension along with a proof of concept that shows how an in-situ co-designed game created by this extension was used by end-users.

pp. 28 - 40

Authors: Jorge Cardenas, Esteban Inga

Nowadays, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) need to be more inclusive from the methodological vision appropriate used in the classroom. Visual impairment students (VIS) become a challenge for teachers who look for incorporating different learning environments. This challenge increases when teaching and learning process to VIS is related to the English language; due to the absence of educational didactic resources available at the school and the lack of knowledge of appropriate teaching methodologies and strategies to develop the different language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing that go with the educational process in the acquisition of the English language. In accordance with this problem, this research proposes a novel methodological strategy, based on the usage of meaningful learning with emerging technologies as a main guide for students with visual impairment. Thus, the road map of good practices in the use of this methodology will allow establishing a clear process to achieve students’ active, meaningful and autonomous participation, using the least time in the teaching-learning process of the English language.

pp. 84 - 95

Authors: Stanislao Pinzón, Stéfany Yánez, Milton Ruiz

This research shows a heuristic model for the design of scalable and reliable electrical distribution networks. The algorithms presented allow to optimize the location of transformation centers using on their database geographic information systems from which it is possible to define user locations, candidate sites, possible routes for the deployment of the electricity grid and, in general, data for the reconstruction of the scenario. The model employs clustering and triangulation methods, as well as algorithms for creating a minimally expanding tree and the consequent site assignment for transformer placement. After setting the optimal locations for the transformer site, the algorithms compute voltage drops in secondary circuits, required transformation capability, execution times, and coverage achieved. The results obtained are adjusted to the requirements of an actual distribution power grid and show a good performance on the proposed scenario.

pp. 96 - 107

Authors: Diego Carrión, Alex Ayo, Jorge Wilson González

Stability analysis in electrical power systems is based on the study in dynamic state of the voltage and frequency, since at the moment that there is some contingency it fluctuates drastically due to the primary and secondary controls of the voltage and frequency to the power systems that act on the generators. In order to solve the possible stability problems that may arise in power systems, various techniques have been developed that act on the generating machines for their protection as well as on the loads for the power cut. The present investigation proposes an alternative methodology for load disconnection by low frequency as an option to save the power system from a possible blackout due to instability due to a fall in the frequency, managing to improve the results affected by other improved techniques, the frequency change range, frequency deviation and the effects of demand disconnection. The proposed methodology was tested in the IEEE 14 bus system.

pp. 42 - 54

Authors: Gabriela Cristina Chire-Fajardo, Milber Oswaldo Ureña-Peralta, S M García-Torres, R W Hartel

This research sought to optimize the mix of Peruvian cocoa beans and the cocoa content for the dark chocolate formulation, having as an optimization criterion the improvement of the physical properties of chocolate: color, particle size, rheological properties and texture, applying the response surface methodology. It was found that the optimal formulation presented a mixture of cocoa beans of 10 parts of CCN 51 plus 90 parts of ICS 6, dark chocolate at 70 % cocoa content, 29.6 % sugar and 0.4 % lecithin. Finally, the validation of physical properties reached 91.6 % on average.

pp. 30 - 41

Authors: Ana María Aveiga Ortiz, Patricio Noles, Aida de la Cruz, Fabián Peñarrieta, Francisco Alcántara

The objective of this work is to determine the physical-chemical variations in the water quality of Carrizal River (Manabí), in 21 sampling stations, covering an area of ​​51 km. Seven points were sampled in (i) the microbasin, 5 points in (ii) La Esperanza reservoir and 9 points in (iii) the sub-basin of Carrizal river. Samples were taken according to an experimental design of random blocks with factorial arrangement, and according to the results we show a correlation between the parameters and the different geographical positions monitored. Thus, we calculate a new water quality index called hardness index, which relates the alkalinity, oxide-reduction potential, hardness, conductivity, suspended solids, and total solids. According to this index, it is evident that, the concentration of minerals of calcium, magnesium, sulphates and carbonates, increased along with the concentration of solids in the water, as well as the REDOX potential and electrical conductivity, increased from the upper basin to the lower basin of Carrizal river. This correlation between physical-chemical parameters of the water and the different geographical positions monitored is probably influenced by anthropogenic activities.

pp. 13 - 29

Authors: Bryan Jhon Briceño-Martínez, Edilberto Antonio Llanes Cedeño, Juan Carlos Rocha-Hoyos, Edwin Chamba, Diego Cuasapud, Andrés Cárdenaz-Yánez

The objective of the study was to evaluate the 3D printing technologies made by Molded Deposition Modeling (FDM) and PolyJet from mechanical tests with Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) and VeroWhitePlus RGD 835 materials, for the selection of the material and adequate technology in the manufacture of air ducts applied to automotive auto parts. To achieve the objective, mechanical tensile tests were carried out on specimens manufactured by both technologies, according to ASTM D638-14 for tensile tests and for bending tests according to ASTM 790; To evaluate the behavior of air flow in the pipeline, the air duct used in the Toyota Stout 2200 pick-up truck modeled by the Ansys Student software was selected as the case study. The results showed that the VeroWhitePlus RDG 835 material used in the construction of the duct by means of the PolyJet technology presented the best results with a yield strength of 4.7 MPa and a maximum bending stress of 28 MPa.

pp. 67 - 80

Authors: Dannyll Michellc Zambrano Zambrano, Darío Vélez, Yohanna Daza, José Manuel Palomares

This paper presents the social foraging behavior of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) bacteria based on Bacteria Foraging Optimization algorithms (BFOA) to find optimization and distributed control values. The search strategy for E. coli is very complex to express and the dynamics of the simulated chemotaxis stage in BFOA is analyzed with the help of a simple mathematical model. The methodology starts from a detailed analysis of the parameters of bacterial swimming and tumbling (C) and the probability of elimination and dispersion (Ped), then an adaptive variant of BFOA is proposed, in which the size of the chemotherapeutic step is adjusted according to the current suitability of a virtual bacterium. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm in obtaining optimal values, the resolution was applied to one of the benchmark functions, in this case the Ackley minimization function, a comparative analysis of the BFOA is then performed. The simulation results have shown the validity of the optimal values (minimum or maximum) obtained on a specific function for real world problems, with a function belonging to the benchmark group of optimization functions.

pp. 52 - 62

Authors: Doris Velásquez, Maria Lorena Goetschel

The quality of 27 bee honey samples commercialized in the southern markets of Quito was evaluated by performing the physicochemical analyses required by the quality standard of the Ecuadorian Service for Standarization NTE INEN 1572-1988. The results were compared with the same type of analyses performed on a sample of artificial honey. The methods used for each analytical determination were: AOAC 962.37 for density, AOAC 962.19 for humidity, AOAC 52.729 for acidity, AOAC 945.79 for insoluble solids, AOAC 920.181 for ash, AOAC 980.23 for hydroxymethylfurfural, AOAC 958.09 for diastase and the Luff-Schoorl method for the determination of sugars. With the exception of one sample that did not comply the maximum value of the content parameter of hydroxymethylfurfural, and three samples that did not comply with the percentage of reducing sugars, all the samples of bee honey met the requirements of the national standard, although they showed results with significant differences in several parameters among different brands. As for the comparison between bee honey and artificial honey, there was a significant difference in the content of insoluble solids in water, reducing sugars, sucrose and hydroxymethylfurfural, and the activity of diastase.

pp. 107 - 114

Authors: Juan Gaona-Gonzaga, Diego Montesdeoca-Espin, Beatriz Brito-Grandes, Andrea Sotomayor-Correa, William Viera

A carbonated beverage was made with natural naranjilla pulp (INIAP Quitoense 2009 variety). Combinations were made with three pulp concentrations (15, 20, 25 %), three concentrations of the natural sweetener stevia (10, 12, 14 %) and water, registering variables of soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity. The best formulation was determined by analysis of variance, Tukey test at 5 % and acceptance by sensory analysis. Subsequently, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % stabilizer (gum arabic) and the same parameters and sedimentation height were measured. Results were analyzed statistically. For carbonation, the most stable beverage was pasteurized and bottled in 350 mL amber glass bottles and 1.8 g of solid CO2 (dry ice) was added. The container was sealed and sensory tests were after 24 hours to determine the acceptance of the carbonated beverage. The most acceptable formulation was: 25 % pulp, 10 % sweetener, 0.5 % stabilizer, 0.1 % sodium benzoate, 0.05 % citric acid, 0.5 % solid CO2 and water. The naranjilla pulp can be used in the elaboration of a carbonated beverage, since it fulfills the Ecuadorian regulations.

pp. 17 - 27

Authors: Iván Yánez

The use of electric vehicles expands slowly due to many problems; one of them is charging the car using cable, a method known as plug-in. A technological alternative that can replace cables is the system of energy transfer by electromagnetic induction; for the moment this energy transfer is low power compared to the cable system. The objective of this research project is to demonstrate that the induction charging system is totally feasible for a parked vehicle. It uses a source coil located on the floor of the parking lot, and a pickup coil located in the frame of the car. This paper experimentally demonstrates how the power of transfer varies when the distances between the two coils vary too; three alternatives are considered: coils with cores of air, coils with common iron core and coils with separated iron cores. The measurements are made in a prototype formed by two coils separated by a distance d and provided with a scale of measurement in millimeters. Finally, the behavior of the transferred energy is evaluated according to the distance between coils and the three magnetic core alternatives

pp. 39 - 51

Authors: Luis Fernando Toapanta Ramos, Cristian Andrade, Emilio Dávalos Álvarez, Sebastián Landázuri Zaldumbide, William Quitiaquez

The objective of this document is to propose the thermal analysis of a heat dissipating device by using heat pipes containing different fluids, which are water, refrigerant R134a and methanol for the evaluation of these devices under certain design characteristics, due to the fact that at present the processors have a higher energy consumption and greater processing capacities, which causes a significant elevation of the temperature before demanding workloads. Through the use of the ANSYS simulation software, the thermal study of the device was carried out; in addition, the temperature gradient generated in it when in contact with a hot surface, which is going to be a high performance processor, demonstrating that stable temperatures can be obtained through the use of heat pipes at demanding workloads, ensuring correct operation and cooling of the processor.

pp. 90 - 106

Authors: Sergio Juan-Armero, Sergio Luján-Mora

This paper addresses the problem of accessibility in geographical web maps. A person with disability cannot use, nowadays, a web map with the same functionality as other users do. This problem signifies a huge gap in universal usability, since a wide range of people are left out. This contravenes clearly the principles of the Web, which was created to be of the benefit of anyone in any circumstances. Some software projects have tackled this issue by providing an additional version of the program or just by not dealing with it at all. Our stance is to take a step further and integrate completely the accessibility within the user experience. Everything needed to use the web map –with or without disabilities– is deployed on the same view every user interacts with. This means that an accessible web map has been successfully developed, allowing users with disabilities to explore and navigate not in the same way, but with the same results which others benefit from. This solution opens a discussion about good ways of achieving accessibility, the implications of the current state of art in actual software development and the current awareness about this topic in the computer community.

pp. 126 - 143

Authors: Miguel Angel Guallpa Calva, José Suatunce, Hayron Canchignia

In order to determine the times and performance in the transformation process of round wood to squared wood of Eucalyptus globulus, a research was carried using circular saw (sawmill A) and circular saw more band saw (sawmill B). The sizes of the samples were 210 and 205 logs. To know the conversion time of the logs, the return-to-zero method was used and in the yield the sawn volume was related to the roll volume of the logs. The result indicate a significant behavior, whose times when processing 1.000 pt (2.36 m 3) are of 112.73 with circular saw and 167.36 minutes by means of the circular saw system plus the band saw. With yields of 27.74% in the sawmill A and 48.84% in the sawmill B, means that for each cubic meter of round wood (m3. r) processed, 117 pt and 207 st of sawn wood were obtained respectively. Finally, in the sawmill A, as the diameter of the logs increases, the yield and productivity increase. However, in the sawmill B, the yield diminishes and the productivity showed a variable behavior, due to the different number of logs evaluated by diameter class in each factory.