International Journal of Research and Review

536-545

Authors: Ayesha Akter, Sajib Talukder, Tahmina Akter, Munjuri Akter, Mohammad Jasim Uddin

The experiment was conducted to study the damage assessment and effect of different neem products for the management of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) in stored rice grain during the period from July to December 2013. Stored husked and unhusked rice of BR 27 were used as the experimental materials. The experiment consists of the treatments: T1: Neem leaves dust 10 gm/kg of stored rice grains; T2: Neem seed kernel dusts @ 10 gm/kg of stored rice grains; T3: Neem leaves extract @ 10 ml/kg of stored rice grains; T4: Neem oil 5 ml/kg of stored rice grains and T5: Untreated control. The experiment was laid out in the ambient condition of the laboratory following in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). In case of unhusked rice, the highest mortality (100.00%) was observed in T4 treatment, while the lowest 5.25% mortality was recorded in T5 treatment. For husked rice, the highest mortality (100.00%) was observed in T4, while the lowest mortality (9.00%) was recorded in T5 treatment. At 1st generation for unhusked rice, in weight basis, the highest infestation was recorded from T5 (9.49%) treatment while the lowest in T4 (1.32) and for husked rice, the highest infestation was recorded from T5 (10.68%), while the lowest in T4 (2.79%) treatment. On the other hand, by number basis in unhusked rice, the highest infestation was found from T5 (11.57%), while the lowest in T4 (2.47%) treatment and for husked rice, the highest infestation was found from T5 (14.72%) while the lowest in T4 (3.86%) treatment. At 1st generation, for unhusked rice, the highest weight loss was found in T5 (18.21%), while the lowest was found in T4 (3.89%) treatment and for husked rice grain, the highest weight loss was recorded in T5 (21.45%), whereas the lowest was observed in T4 (4.38%) treatment. In case of repellency effect for unhusked rice, after 5 hours of treatment application the highest repellency rate was found from T4 and T3 (100.00%), whereas the lowest repellency rate (80.00%) was recorded in T1 treatment. In case of repellency effect for husked rice, after 5 hours of treatment application the highest repellency rate was found from T4 and T3 (100.00%) treatments which was followed by T1 and T2 (90.00%) treatments. Among the neem products neem oil 5 ml/kg of stored rice grains was more effective for controlling rice weevil. Key words: Rice, rice weevil, storage, neem product and management.

551-554

Authors: Pintu Sil

Anxiety is a psychological condition which changes the internal state of the body. During competition of games and sports the anxiety level is increased and might influence the performance of an athlete. The purpose of the study was to study the competition anxiety of National level basketball players and to find out the difference in competition anxiety level among the players played for different position. A total of 62 national level basketball players within the age of 15-19 years were selected randomly as subject for this study. Positional competition anxiety was studied by measuring the competition anxiety of players who played in different position and bear separate responsibility in basketball match. Competition anxiety level was the criterion measure in this study. Competition anxiety was measured by Illinois Competition Anxiety Test Questionnaire (1977) Mean and standard deviation was used as descriptive statistics and coefficient of correlation was calculated by product moment method. All calculations were done by the standard statistical procedure. Only 0.05 level of significance was considered for the present study. Result revealed higher anxiety level for defensive position basketball player than feeder position and offence position. Lowest was found for feeder position. However, the significance of difference of competition anxiety for different position player in basketball was calculated by ANOVA and result revealed that difference was not statistically significant. From above findings it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the competition anxiety for different position player in basketball. Key words: Basketball players, Competition anxiety, Position of play, National level.

562-573

Authors: Alhassan Usman Gabi, Hazel Monica Matias-Peralta

Rock pools occur everywhere in the world and are geo-morphologically similar because they originated from weathering and erosion although vary in surface and depth. Interestingly, rare species are found as rock pool communities, which have never been recorded from open water. Temporary fresh water support invertebrate communities ranging from the complex, with many species to those that support only one or two species. The high variability in environmental condition connected with relatively unpredicted flooding regime limit for specialized species with high tolerance to stress and specific feature for surviving the dry phase. The differences in number of rocks and pools together with sampling intensity of individual pool may probably explain part of the variation in recorded diversity. Indeed, it is an established fact that the rock pools biotas are fully dependent on length and abundance of inundation and for that, the active communities will reflect the current climatic conditions. Temperature, Dissolved oxygen and pH are vital to the survival of many temporary water species as it provides essential indications that regulate the timing of life cycles, flight periodicities and colonization dynamics. Freshwater ecosystem served as an important asset for man and habitation for an extraordinary rich, endemic and sensitive species. Increase in human demand on these ecosystems results to large and rising threats to biodiversity and for that recording diminishes of biodiversity, identifying their causes, and finding solutions have become necessity in freshwater ecosystem. Keywords: Plankton, diversity, conservation and freshwater rock pools.

579-583

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Leaching is one of the major unit operations used in mining sector. Leaching is extraction of the component from solids by using a solvent. The solvent preferably removes certain component. Leaching finds application in recovery of various valuable metals. Microbial leaching is gaining importance for recovery of metals from waste. It also plays important role in agriculture. It is always desirable to avoid the leaching of valuable components of soil through run offs. Various investigators have carried out research on various aspects of leaching. This review paper summarizes studies and research on various aspects of leaching. Key words: mining, bioleaching, recovery, metals, temperature, concentration.

590-592

Authors: Felix Nayak

Perhaps, no other single work of fiction has made such a momentous impact in Indian English Literature in recent years as Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. She is one of the few Indian English writers actively interested in contemporary socio-political issues which are amply evidenced in a number of articles, interviews and books she wrote on various topics in recent years. The God of small things is about several themes - one of the chief issues it brings into focus is the family and social mechanism evolved over centuries in traditional Indian society to suppress woman and her independence as a human being. Key Words: Fiction, God of Small Things, Socio-political Issues.

487-491

Authors: Pat Minér

This paper reports a proposal to examine the factor of sex in salt passage. Eighty undergraduates (40 males, 40 females) complete questionnaire with snacks and drinks on hand and a salt shaker and a pepper shaker on the table. They are asked by another male or female who is ostensibly also completing questionnaire, but who is actually a confederate of the experimenter, to pass the salt or pepper. It is anticipated that all participants comply, but would be slower to respond to pepper than to salt and to someone of the same sex compared to someone of the sex opposite. Response times would be slowest when a male asked a male to pass the pepper. Implications for similarity theory and attraction theory are discussed and suggestions are made for the future research.Key words: sex differences, salt and pepper passage.

498-503

Authors: Pintu Sil

Most popular two sports in India are football and cricket. Two spectacular and highly competitive sports tournament are organized every year in India. For football it is I-League and for cricket it is known as IPL (Indian Premier League). In both tournaments national and international players are participated. Most of the people of India and abroad watched and enjoyed these sports every year. Purpose of the present study was to analyze the print media coverage for these two top most important sports tournament of India. Two most circulated newspapers, one from Bengali and another from English published from Kolkata metropolitan city ware considered for the present study. The print coverage of total days covered for completion of two sports event was considered to collected data. Area of news coverage (ANC) and area of pictorial coverage (APC) were the criterion measure for the present study. Simple geometric scale was used to measure the size of the news coverage. Mean and standard deviation were considered as descriptive statistics and difference between mean was analyzed by t-test. Significance of difference was judged considering only 0.05 level of confidence. All statistical calculations were done using standard statistical software. Result revealed that mean value for ANC and APC coverage was much higher for IPL (1567.29 cm2 & 398.34 cm2) than the mean value of ANC and APC for I-League (394.38 cm2 & 81.16 cm2). Same difference was observed both in Bengali and English news paper also. Result revealed that higher print media coverage in the form of news (ANC) and picture (APC) for IPL (t=15.79) than I-League (t=10.59) was significant statistically (p<0.05). It was concluded that the print media published significantly more news and picture in favour of IPL than I-League which indirectly indicated that cricket was the more popular and publicly accepted sports than football in present India. Key Words: News coverage, Pictorial coverage, Print media, I-League, IPL.

508-512

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni, Pallavi M. Kherde

Effluent treatment can be carried out by various biological, physical and chemical methods. Physical treatment techniques are used for removal of coarser materials from the water followed by biological and chemical treatments. Removal of many organic matters is generally carried out by biological methods. Biological treatment can be either attached growth or suspended growth. The selection of biological treatment depends on quality of effluent and the percentage removal required. Biological treatments are also used for selective removal of many heavy metals, phosphorous and other pollutants. The current review summarizes the research and advancements in biological treatments. Key words: organic matter, heavy metals, percentage removal, activated sludge process.

518-526

Authors: Islam S.S. Mchenga, Abdalla I. Ali

The existence of mangrove forests is jeopardized by the increase in population pressure, agricultural, industrial and urban development, climate change and weak forest management capacity that negatively affected the status of mangroves worldwide. The present review paper provides information on the status of mangrove forests in Zanzibar Island, to inform managers and decision makers on their management and sustainable use of its resources. The extent and distribution of mangrove ecosystem indicates that the mangrove growing stock of the main Islands of Unguja has declined drastically when compared to that of Pemba. Changes in mangrove composition were driven by a combination of rise in sea level, environmental changes and anthropogenic interaction. This review argues for the importance of regular climate change monitoring, mangrove eco-physiological studies and genetic materials which are crucial in providing a basis for the ecological restoration and management of mangrove ecosystem. Key Words: biodiversity; conservation, degradation, mangroves, restoration, Zanzibar.

398-405

Authors: H. E. M. Khairul Mazed, Israt jahan Irin, Mohammad Khairul Kabir Mollah, Syed Tarik Mahabub, Rashed Reza

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, during the period from November 2013 to March 2014 to study the response of sowing time and seed treatment on growth, yield and quality seed production of chickpea. The experiment comprised as two factors: sowing date - 3 times: 1st sowing date: 19th November - S1, 2nd sowing date: 29th November - S2 and 3rd sowing date: 9th December - S3 and seed treatment with gibrallic acid (GA3) - 5 levels: GA3 75 ppm - T1,GA3 150 ppm - T2, GA3 225 ppm - T3, GA3 300 ppm - T4 andhydro-priming - T5. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.The treatment combination on maximum plant height and dry matter content recorded of plant in S2T3 irrespective of growing period. This combination also exhibited maximum number of pods plant-1, longest pod length and maximum number of seed pod-1, where as required minimum duration for pod maturity. The maximum weight of 1000 seed, height grain yield, harvest index and also maximum found germination percentage and vigor index were found. When chickpea was shown on 29th November and treated with 225 ppm GA3then ensure the best result.

415-422

Authors: Akkur Chandra Das

Maternal Health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and post partum period and maternal health status of a nation can be characterized by numerous factors, such as outcome measures like maternal mortality and morbidity rates, or maternal nutrition status, as well as process indicators of service availability and use. In developing countries of the world, still maternal mortality is very concerning issue. The aim of this study is to find out the overall scenario of rural maternal health status in Bangladesh. This is a non-experimental study. High education and income status increase higher level of antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services but the situations are very much distinct among the respondents who have lower education and income status and it has found by this study that the poor women face low birth weight 46.3%, unsafe abortion 57.7%, high obstructed labor 76%, hemorrhage 20%, eclampsia 8.3%, sepsis 13.7%, unskilled birth attendance 86% and no emergency obstetric care services 78.3%. Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Maternal Health, Postpartum Hemorrhage, Emergency Obstetric Care, Non-experimental study, Poor rural women.

428-433

Authors: Vikrant Kaushal, Sandeep Sharma, Sidharth Srivastava

Thriving youth population has placed many countries vouching for India as an imminent global power. The precondition to attain such a stature requires substantial contribution from young minds of the country that constitutes the major fragment of its billion plus population. A well informed, motivated and capable individual is fascinated by the idea of self-sufficient, independent and inspiring existence. Such an entity is likely to consider self-employment rather than working for others. More jobs are thus created by such endeavours reinforcing the economic foundation of the country, as a whole strengthening the claims of becoming superior in years ahead. This has led to the curiosity among industries, government and academics to assess the motivation of young minds towards initiating self-owned enterprises. Countries that have encouraged entrepreneurial ventures are in present times economically strong and motivate several other developing countries that wish to choose the path to prosperity of their people. This study aims to uncover attitudes toward entrepreneurial initiations and motivations of students at an important stage of their academic life, which is during their post-graduation. Sample from a newly established university under the Central Universities Act 2009 based in Dharamshala as its temporary academic location has been collected. The sample has been drawn from the students pursuing post-graduation programs in the university. The study attempted to determine the awareness and willingness of students to become entrepreneurs after the completion of post-graduation studies, revealing their motivations toward becoming business starters. This research is significant not only for the institutions of higher education preparing students to take up leading roles in various areas, but also for the policy makers and observers from different industries keen on developing entrepreneurial talent.

450-454

Authors: Pintu Sil

Exercises have beneficial effect on health and well being. Purpose of the study was to compare the health status of young women who have participated exercise and physical activities regularly with the young women who were sedentary in nature. A total of fifty subjects (N=50) have been selected randomly for the present study of which 25 were actively participated in regular exercise and 25 were sedentary in nature. The age of the subject was in between 21 to 30 years. Body weight, BMI, Cardio Vascular Efficiency and Reaction time were the criterion measured of the study. BMI was calculated by measuring height and weight with the universal equation [BMI=Weight (Kg)/Height (m) 2]. Queens College Teat was used to measure cardiovascular efficiency. Visual Reaction Time (VRT) was measured by Nelson hand reaction test. Mean and Standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics and t-test was done to find out the difference between two group means. Only 0.05 level of significance was considered in this study. All calculation was done by standard statistical software. Result revealed that active young women have lower mean value of body weight and BMI than sedentary women. The mean difference of body weight (t=4.19) and BMI (t=4.02) between two groups of women was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean value of CVE was higher in active women group than sedentary women and this difference of mean was statistically significant (t=2.75; p<0.05). The lower mean value of reaction time for active group than sedentary group represented their superior fitness status but the difference was not significant statistically (t=1.37; p>0.05). From the above findings it was concluded that active women have superior health status in respect of body weight, BMI and CVE. Lower value of reaction time also indicated that active women possessed higher fitness and they were healthier than sedentary young women. Findings proved that regular participation in exercise is much more helpful to attain better health in young women. Key Words: Exercise effect, Health and Fitness, Young Women, Active and Sedentary

461-464

Authors: Malay Saha

Most of Eliot's readers look upon his protagonists as somewhat lost in the mire of materialism and sexual passion, swinging in between decision and indecision and groping in utter hopelessness. The belief is so firm that they look upon Eliot as a pessimistic poet and his protagonists as 'hollowmen'- spectres, invalid people or people cut off from the spring of life. Apparently, those characters being lifeless and inactive invent various psychological methods of 'projections' and 'defence mechanisms' to face the tribulations of life. But what we fail to take into account is the fact that those 'projections' and 'defence mechanisms' are kinds of reality checks that are practical and pragmatic and does not merely reveal the pessimistic mind-set of the people. Key Words: Psychological, projections, defence mechanisms, pessimism, hope.

476-480

Authors: Ntegereze Peter

The business of insurance is sustained by a complex system of risk analysis and this analysis involves anticipating the likelihood of a particular loss and charging enough in premiums to guarantee that insured losses can be paid and this is afforded by statistics to be used to determine what risk an insured poses to an insurance company, what percentage of policies is likely to pay out, and how much money a company can expect to pay out in claims. In this paper we highlighted the role of statistics in insurance business for instance to introduce and develop new products, statistics play a role in evaluating sample and collateral information. Linear regression models are essential tools in finding risk factors for premiums calculations. Time series methods are used in various ways to predict trends, and simulation methods are crucial to understanding the many models considered for anything from new products to revisions in rating schemes. Frankly speaking, many insurance business activities can be accomplished with statistics including deciding a new location, marketing the product, and estimating what the profit will be on a new product and so forth that is why we underline the irreplaceable role of statistics in all stages of insurance business. Keywords: Insurance, Statistics and Role of Insurance Statistics.

301-306

Authors: Alak Barman, Abu Habib Md. Abdullah, Arman Hossen, Md. Asrafuzzaman, Kbd. Md. Habibur Rahman

The study was conducted at the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from May 2013 to February, 2014. The experiment consisted three levels of mulch: M0 - control, M1 -Rice straw mulch and M2 - water hyacinth mulch. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Application of different mulches showed significant variations on most of the parameters. The highest yield of spike (3,46,290/ha) was found from M2 and the lowest (3,07,140 /ha) from M0. So, water hyacinth mulch was found suitable for growth and yield of tuberose. Key word: Tuberose, mulching materials, growth and yield.

311-323

Authors: Ntegereze Peter

The agricultural sector is vital in economies of all countries all over the world, not only that agriculture sector provides food stuffs but also inputs to manufacturing sector and outputs to consumers and in all spheres at large. The agriculture sector contributes about 40% of worldwide employment and a 100% food production increase will be required in developing countries to feed the 2050 population, investment in agriculture sector is critical for driving global economic growth. The aim of this paper: The aim of the research was to investigate the contribution of agriculture finance in boosting agricultural yield in Gakenke district of Rwanda. Materials and methods: Data were collected using android mobile phone with application designed for data collection as the best quicker tool superior to paper based. A number of 66 respondents were selected proceeding snowball technique from two sectors of Gakenke district sampled by multistage sampling procedure with two stages, this method was employed due to it reduces cost and lessen the impossibility of getting list of respondents units. Results: Findings revealed a positive relationship between agriculture finance and agricultural yield whereby analysis of data showed that after acquiring agriculture credits, agricultural yield was tripled compared to the production before acquiring credits to invest in agriculture activities. Conclusion: In nutshell, as findings pointed out a positive relationship between agriculture finance and agricultural yield with a tremendous increase in agriculture yield than ever before investing in agriculture activities. The research recommended sensitization and encouragement to invest in agriculture activities to keep boosting agricultural yield and maintain welfare of farmers and nation at large. Keywords: Agriculture finance, Agriculture yield, Boosting agricultural yield.

330-336

Authors: B.Alex, D.VenkataRamana

In this paper investigations on a fixed speed wind farm with squirrel cage induction generators (SCIG) directly connected to the grid in combination with a STATCOM based Indirect Torque Control (ITC) under unbalanced grid voltage fault are given by means of theory and simulations and also different kinds of control methods are discussed. Under unbalanced grid voltage dips causes additional generator torque oscillations. The simulation results clarify the effect of voltage compensation by a STATCOM on the operation of a SCIG wind farm which inference the improvement of voltage stability and reduction of torque oscillation. Keywords: Voltage Stability, SCIG, Wind farm, low voltage Capability, STATCOM, Indirect Torque Control (ITC).

343-347

Authors: Loum Janani, Kanwezi Henry, Kamalha Edwine

In this study, parameters for photocatalytic oxidation of reactive blue dye with zinc oxide as photo catalyst was optimized. Dye solution (10 mg/l) was used to contact with the zinc oxide catalyst under UV light at various reaction conditions viz; contact time; pH; and catalyst dose. The degradation of the dye was followed by measurement of absorbance of the solution using a UV Spectrophotometer adjusted at a maximum wavelength (λmax) of 629 nm with distilled water as the blank. The optimum conditions established for degradation were; catalyst dose of 5.0 g/l, a neutral pH of solution at 7.0, and contact time of 180 minutes (3.0 hours). Keywords: photocatalytic, oxidation, photocatalyst, degradation, reactive blue dye.

355-364

Authors: Ladan Momeni, Arshin Rezazadeh

NoC is a scalable and flexible communication medium for the design of multi-core based SoC. Communication performance of NoC depends seriously on efficient routing algorithms. Fault-tolerant routing algorithm is the ability to survive failure of individual components. We evaluated a deterministic fault-tolerant, deadlock-free routing algorithm in two-dimensional (2D) mesh based topology on Fault-Tolerant-Routing (FTR) to increase performance of the messages over the on-chip interconnection networks. The FTR algorithm is a wormhole-switched routing for 2-D mesh networks and has been used for block faults. This algorithm uses virtual channels to pass faulty regions. We have evaluated the FTR algorithm by two different traffic patterns, hotspot and local, to show message delays and performance in the network which led to an Improved-Fault-Tolerant-Algorithm (i-FTR). Moreover, to simulate FTR and i-FTR algorithms, same network conditions namely network size, message length and number of generated messages has been considered. It can be deduced from results that i-FTR performance is better compared to FTR algorithm. Furthermore, results show that the interconnection network of NoC which has been used for i-FTR can deal with higher message rates and can tolerate higher traffic loads with higher utilization. Keywords: routing algorithm; wormhole switching; 2D-mesh interconnection networks; virtual channel

372-378

Authors: W.G. S. Konarasinghe, N. R. Abeynayake, L.H.P.Gunaratne

Scientific forecasting plays a vital role in financial markets for many decades. Forecasting methods of financial market were broadly classified into fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis involves analyzing economic and firm specific factors while technical analysis is concerned with the price movements and trading volume in the market. Both approaches have been applied in forecasting share prices and stock returns. However, only a limited number of studies have been done on Sri Lankan share market. Existing forecasts made mainly based on Capital Asset Pricing Model has been proved unreliable in the Sri Lankan context. This study aimed to test the suitability of linear models, non-linear models and univariate causal models for forecasting share prices based on the data during 1994-2011 on randomly selected three banks listed in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). Findings suggest that univariate causal models were the most suitable in forecasting share prices of individual companies listed in CSE.

383-387

Authors: S. Manikandan, P. Srimathi

The study was conducted at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the period from July to October, 2007 to find out the effects of rainfall on physiological seed quality of grain amaranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) cv. Suvarna. The results revealed that, grain amaranthus crop should be sown from early sowing in Kharif season harvesting higher seed yield with physiological seed quality. Between the crops, Kharif season was better than late sowing as the seeds would be exposed to rain and the rain discolored the seed and reduced its physiological seed quality of grain amaranthus.

711-713

Authors: Anacletus F.C, Okoroafor N. A.

A prevalence study of Oral Glucose Tolerance was performed in 69 women attending ante-natal clinic in various private hospitals in Port Harcourt. After an overnight fast of about 8 – 12 hours, a venous blood sample was taken for fasting blood sugar level before a 75g glucose load was given. Blood samples were taken at 30 minute intervals for a period of 2 hours, after which their blood glucose concentration was investigated using Glucose Oxidase Method. The results obtained showed that there was a percentage deviation of 17.4% under the Fasting Blood Sugar test and 20.3 % after the 2-hours post prandial. The incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus from the results according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria was present in 5.8% of the total population(FBS - ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and 2-hr post prandial - ≥ 11.1 mmol/l) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance(IGT) was present in 24.6% (FBS - 5.6 - 7.0 mmol/l and 2-hr post prandial - 7.8-11.1mmol/l). Also, 7.25% were impaired in both FBS and IGT at the same time. 1.4% had impaired fasting plasma blood sugar and outright diabetes after 2-hours post prandial. Assessment of gestational diabetes through OGTT is mandatory because it is the only test that determines glucose intolerance in asymptomatic people so that glycaemic control can be achieved as to avoid long-term implications on both mother and child. Key words: Gestational Diabetes, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Impaired glucose Tolerance.

723-726

Authors: SS Prasad, PK Gupta, JP Mishra

Field experiments were conducted on semi deep water rice variety, NDGR 201 during kharif seasons 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the compatibility of insecticides, viz. Flubendiamide+buprofezin 24 SC and Triazophos 40 EC and; and fungicides, viz. Hexaconazole 5 SC and Tricyclazole 75 WP alone and tank mixed in all possible combinations against rice stem borer and leaf blast disease. The infestation of stem borer and leaf blast varied from 2.19 to 10.05% and 4.00 to 16.52%, respectively during the period. The results of two kharif seasons indicated that insecticidal and fungicidal treatments alone were effective against stem borer and leaf blast, respectively, whereas the combination treatments were effective against both stem borer and leaf blast. The combination of Flubendiamide+buprofezin 24 SC @ 1.75 g l-1 and Tricyclazole 75 WP @ 0.6 g l-1 was most effective against both stem borer and leaf blast with 3.22 and 5.01% infestation, respectively and fetched average grain yield of 30.39 q ha-1. It was closely followed by the combination Flubendiamide+buprofezin 24 SC @ 1.75 g l-1 and Hexaconazole 5 SC @ 2.0 ml l-1 with 3.16% average stem borer infestation, 4.06% average leaf blast disease severity and 30.26 q ha-1 average grain yield. Key words: field evaluation, compatibility, stem borer, leaf blast, semi deep water rice.

732-738

Authors: Ihemanma C.A, Oladele O.T.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among children of 5-16 years old in Ihite-Ude Ofeme Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State. Out of two hundred (200) children that participated in the study, 70 were males and 130, females. Well structured questionnaire was used to identify environmental, socio demographic and behavioural factors. Stool samples were collected from all the participants and examined for parasites using direct smear method. Three species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 60 (30%) out of which 30 (42.86%) were males and 30 (23.08%) were females. The most prevalent intestinal parasite identified was Ancylostoma duodenale 34 (17%) followed by Trichuris trichiura 12(6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides 14(7%). The highest prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infection was observed in age group of 5-8 years 24 (32.43%) whereas 9-12 years age group had the lowest prevalence rate of 24 (27.91%). The prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infection in the area is moderate and the infection is dependent on sex, whereas it is independent on age. This information may provide valuable statistics needed for planning meaningful public control programmes that aim at reducing the prevalence and morbidity of parasitic infections. Therefore, interventions including improvement of sanitation, provision of safe water, repeated deworming and health education on personal hygiene to the children and to their parents should be intensified. Keywords: Intestinal Parasites, Prevalence, School Children, Risk Factors.

745-748

Authors: Pintu Sil

During all types of exercise respiratory rate is increased as a result of increased demand of Oxygen. The purpose of the study was to find out the maximum changes in respiratory rate following an exercise bout and to study the recovery period of respiratory rate after completing an exercise bout in three categories of women - obese, normal and lean. A total of 13 young adult female within the age of 21-30 years were volunteered as subject for this study. Each subject’s body fat were measured and classified under three groups’ namely overweight or obese group (G1), Normal group (G2) and Lean or underweight group (G3). Respiratory rate was considered as criterion of the present study. Respiratory rate was measured manually by observation of breath in and breathe out per minute. Standard stop watch was used for time specification. Step up and down for five minutes was used as exercise protocol. All data for the present study was collected at average 25.210C temperature and 63.33% humidity. Multiple group design with three independent groups was considered for the present study. All calculations were done by the standard statistical procedure. Findings have revealed that respiratory rate significantly increased (F=9.4) for all groups of subjects immediately after exercise (p<0.05). The raise of respiratory rate immediate after exercise was found highest for G1 group and lowest for G3 group. The recovery period was found longest for G1 group (15.33 min) and shortest for G3 group (7.5 min). Result clearly indicated that respiratory rate increased significantly immediately after exercise in all categories of women but recovery period of respiratory rate was not significantly different for women having different body fat. Key word: Respiratory rate, Recovery period, Exercise bout, Body Fat, Obese, Normal and Lean.

754-757

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Chemical engineering involves contacting of two phases or reactants for mass transfer or chemical reaction. Various cocurrent, countercurrent contacting patterns can be used according to requirements. For gas, liquid and solids and mass transfer among any two of these states, proper contact is important. Packed beds, tray towers, spray towers are usually used as contacting devices. Fluidized bed offers advantage of uniform temperature distribution and excellent contact between particles. It has been tried for adsorption and chemical reactions. Current review summarizes studies and research on fluidized bed contactors. Key words: fluid, particles, contact, phase, yield.

764-768

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Purification of water is important research area because of increasing pollution and depletion in water resources. Water is normally treated by using carbon filter and chlorination for drinking purpose. The waste water can be treated by using different biological, chemical and advanced treatment processes. Disinfection of water can be carried out by ozonation and U.V. irradiation. U.V. irradiation with ozonation can exhibit synergic effect and can treat the water more effectively. Many investigators have studied ozonation- UV irradiation- hydrogen peroxide treatments in combination and separately and compared them. Present review summarizes the research and studies on application of ozonation, UV irradiation and H2O2 treatment. Key words: Disinfection, UV treatment, oxidizers, cost effectiveness.