European Researcher. Series A

711-718

Authors: Yasir Tariq Mohmand, Fahad Mehmood, Fahd Amjad, Nedim Makarevic

The structure and properties of public transportation networks can provide suggestions for urban planning and public policies. This study contributes a complex network analysis of the Guangzhou metro. The metro network has 236 kilometers of track and is the 6th busiest metro system of the world. In this paper topological properties of the network are explored. We observed that the network displays small world properties and is assortative in nature. The network possesses a high average degree of 17.5 with a small diameter of 5. Furthermore, we also identified the most important metro stations based on betweenness and closeness centralities. These could help in identifying the probable congestion points in the metro system and provide policy makers with an opportunity to improve the performance of the metro system.

737-746

Authors: Svetlana V. Semenova, Galina A. Kharchenko, Irina V. Grigorieva, Vladimir V. Kovalenko

Authors set the task on the basis of questionnaire of pharmaceutical workers to analyse interrelation between efficiency use of discount system and such characteristics of the pharmaceutical organizations as category, location, competition level, and also lasting uses of discount system. Accurately expressed tendency of increase of conviction of staff of the pharmaceutical organizations in efficiency of use of discount programs at their long use is shown, interrelation of level of the competition in the developed pharmaceutical market, locations of the pharmaceutical organization and efficiency of use of discount systems. The used criteria of an assessment of efficiency of discount systems (increase in number of buyers, increase in the sum of the average check, etc.) by the pharmaceutical organizations depending on a site, competition level are considered.

658-666

Authors: Raheel Ahmed, Khurrum S. Mughal, Aneel Salman, Nedim Makarević,

The research aimed to explore the effect of a new technological development, Mobile Remittance, on the profitability of Pakistani banks. For this purpose five bank’s data have been chosen over the period of 5 years, i.e., from 2009-2013. Return on Assets is used as the proxy for measuring bank profitability. The empirical result of this study show that mobile remittances, off-balance sheet activities and capital adequacy ratio have a positive coefficient which indicates that these variables play an important role to increase banks profitability. The credit risk has a negative coefficient that shows that increase in the ratio of credit risk decreases the bank's performance.

684-690

Authors: Alexander Fedorov

Ethical analysis of the functioning of media in society and media texts based on the ethical theory of media. It is assumed that the media are able to form certain audience’s moral principles. From this follows the main goal of media literacy ethics education: to involve the audience in a particular ethical behaviors (corresponding, for example, a particular religion, level of civilization, democracy, etc.). Teaching strategy is based on the study of ethical aspects of media and ethical analysis of media texts. This article presented the main directions for Ethical Analysis on media literacy education classes for student audience, including the examples of creative problems and issues associated with this type of the analysis in the context of media literacy education problems, ie based on six key concepts of media literacy education: agency, category, language, technology, audience, representation. The author supposes that the Ethical Analysis of media texts on media literacy education classes can significantly develop media competence of students, including critical thinking and perception.

17-25

Authors: Zeyneb Adamanova

This article provides a rationale for the significance and explores the characteristics of international tourism. The author establishes that this sector of the global economy has been developing in quite a sustainable fashion, without being affected by substantial differences between various regions around the world. The author discusses groups of stimulating factors and major trends in the development of international tourism at the current stage, including major changes in the tourism product and the operation of the global market of tourism services. The article defines the imperatives of modernizing the tourism industry at the national level.

32-36

Authors: Ehssan Jandaghi

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare efficiency of research groups in the Center of Social and Cultural Research. There are several tools for efficiency evaluation. The method used in this study was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in which rate of output is evaluated by input and effective and non-effective units are determined. The first step in DEA is to prepare a list of inputs and outputs. The inputs in this study were personnel and administrative costs, the ratio of group staff to the total staff of the center and person-hours of labor. The outputs of this study contained the number of finished research projects, proportion of allocated budget to the total budget issued and the Percent of the projects’ progress. The survey was carried out in 20 research groups, using DEA method. The analysis indicated that 5 groups were efficient and 3 groups were on border line. To improve non-efficient groups and converting them to efficient ones, we suggest some adjustments in inputs and outputs.

48-54

Authors: Dariga A. Bekova, Akbope K. Karabaeva, Akmaral A. Umirbekova

The article is devoted communicative method of teaching foreign languages, which is the activity character. The task of the communicative approach – to interest of students in learning a foreign language through the accumulation and improvement their knowledge and experience. The main objective this method – free orienteering training in foreign language environment and the ability to adequately react in different situations, communication.

61-68

Authors: Sergey A. Lebedev

The article subject is the structure of the contemporary methodology of scientific cognition. To the author opinion there are five parts in this structure: 1) general methodology of science, 2) areal methodology of science, 3) level methodology of science, 4) discipline methodology of science, 5) culture-historical methodology of science. The subject of the general methodology of science is the general science methods (observation, experiment, induction, hypothesis, deduction, confirmation, falsification, explanation, prediction, etc.). The subject of the areal methodology of science is the specific methods of the main areal scientific knowledge: mathematics, natural sciences, social and humanity sciences, technical sciences. The subject of the level methodology of science is the specific methods of the different levels cognition: sense data level, empirical level, theoretical level, metatheoretical level. The subject of the discipline methodology of science is the specific methods of the different sciences and different scientific disciplines (physics, chemistry, physiology, psychology, sociology and etc.). The subject of the cultural-historical methodology of science is the specific methods of the different cultural-historical types of science: antic science, medial science, classical science, nonclassical science, postnonclassical (postmodern) science.

1651-1661

Authors: Sribas Goswami

Coal mining is a development activity, which is bound to damage the natural ecosystem by all its activities direct and ancillary, starting from land acquisition to coal beneficiation and use of the products. This is so because environmental degradation has affected especially the common property resources such as land and water on which depend the subsistence and well-being of the local community. The study area being the foremost coal producing region of the country also ranked high in the record of environmentally degraded region. Huge areas in the Raniganj and Jharia coalfield in India have become ruined due to abandoned and active mine surface and underground mines. In open cast mines, waste resources are usually stacked as huge dumps in the surroundings. These, coupled with coal dumps, cause noteworthy visual impact. Large vicinity of forest, farming land, and pasture land has been transformed into colliery colonies or into uncultivated land due to rapid expansion of the coal mines. As a result, land use pattern has been changed considerably over last three decades. This study is pursued to assess the impact of coal mining activities on local community and environment.

1671-1676

Authors: Maksim A. Safonov

The article shows the results of a study of wood-destroying basidiomycetes on two species of elder trees (Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incan), growing in the South Urals (Orenburg Oblast). The comparative analysis of basidiomycetes on two species of elder trees was conducted. The reasons for structural differences of these complexes are discussed. It is consumed that the reason lies in growth conditions of the trees.

1682-1693

Authors: Muñoz González, Juan Muñoz, Vega Gea, Esther María, Figueroa Flores, Jorge Francisco

In this paper we propose Mind Mapping as a technique which enhances holistic learning or whole brain learning in higher education. The dynamics performed in the learning and application of Mind Mapping is part of a participatory approach in the classroom as an element of the learning process. The research approach follows a quantitative methodology. The results reflect the views of students about the learning of Mind Mapping and its effectiveness in the study. The findings indicate that mental maps can be used with any type of material, making it a tool applicable to any university degree course.

1707-1717

Authors: Ulysses Rodrigues de Castro, Antonio José Pacheco Palha, Nelson Rocha de Oliveira, José Carlos Amado Martins

Health care professionals suffer from both regular job stress and caregiver stress that arises from the neglect of their work situation. As principles of bioethics protection, vertical protection ratio, health policies should also target health professionals. So, this paper seeks to understand the issue of stress in relation to mental health professionals, specifically the community health agents of the Federal District in Brazil. Methods: This study is an exploratory study that adopts a quantitative approach. Data were obtained by a questionnaire, that mesure social, work and stress factors, in 97 community health agents, a different class of health professional. The SPSS 19.0 program was used to mesure the results. Results: The sociodemographic data of respondentes revealed that the majority were women, 40,2% of the group members fall in the age range 30‒39 years, 51% of respondents were married and 57.7% were of middle socioeconomic status. All Pearson correlations were significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed). The results show that all stressors are negatively correlated with the mental health factors. These results showed that mental health deteriorates with increased stress. The mental health indicators are strongly and positively associated, indicating that individuals with better mental health show greater personal, social and workplace support. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for management changes in the public health sector related to Bioethics Protection, which states that populations vulnerable to work exploitation should be protected by guaranteeing minimum working conditions.

1591-1599

Authors: Asmat Nizami Kyzy Azizova, Dilgam Bebir Oglu Tagiyev, Omar Mahammad Gyulalov, Khudayar Ismail Oglu Hasanov

Studied complexing ability of platinum (II) and palladium (II) with a time of personal gray-oxygen and sulfur-containing ligands donor nitrogens in different taniyah. A combination of functional groups. It is found that the complexation unimportant role nature of the starting metal salts, the pH of the medium, the nature of the solvent and the ratio of reactants. Determine the actual denticity tiodiuksusnoy, tiodipro propionic acid, mercaptoethanol, and bis -- hydroxyethyl sulfide. Discovered that a molecule entering the reaction of cysteamine origin walks splitting S–S communication and the resulting deproto-bined mercamine enter into complexation. In non-aqueous medium splitting S–S communication occurs.

1611-1619

Authors: Alexandr A. Lobanov

This article provides an analysis of methods for digital modeling in the area of Earth Sciences. The author illustrates the difference between digital modeling in radio communication and that in the area of Earth Sciences. The article examines the integration aspect of digital models, demonstrates the advantages of digital over analog models, and illustrates that digital models are discrete. The author outlines the characteristics of digital modeling and illustrates the logical structure of digital models.

1628-1644

Authors: Mihail N. Dudin, Nikolaj V. Lyasnikov, Aleksandr S. Senin

Subject/topic. One of the key elements in managing the operating activity of organizations is managing expenditure, since expenditure, which is payments that need to be effected to be able to engage and retain economic resources, is one of the major factors that determine the organization’s financial results, the cost-effectiveness of capital investments, and, ultimately, the cost of the business. Aim/objectives. This work aims to investigate into the impact of the structure of the product’s prime cost on the indicator of the product’s cost-effectiveness. Methodology. In putting this article together, the author employed such methods of analysis as legal, comparative, economic-statistical, and correlational. Inferences/significance. The practical significance of this work lies in that the author fine-tunes the concept and composition of the prime cost of products and establishes equations for simple linear regression between the share of costs in the composition of the prime cost and the level of cost-effectiveness of the product across various types of economic activity in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2012. Knowing the share of costs in the structure of the product’s self-cost across various types of economic activity in the RF in 2012, we shall be able to use the derived models to assess the average level of the product’s cost-effectiveness.