European Researcher. Series A

352-446

Authors: AlexanderFedorov

In mid-1960s Moscow publishing house “Art” released yearbooks “Screen”, which reflected in concentrated form the most the important cinematic events in the USSR and the world. The first collection of this kind ("Screen 1964") was printed edition of 45,500 copies. The circulation of the next two collections was 30-35 thousand copies. From 1968 to 1985 the "Screens" were annually with a circulation of 50 thousand copies. "Screen 1987"’s circulation has been increased to 75 thousand, but the rest of the collection issues have returned to the circulation of 50 thousand copies. Each book is illustrated with black-and-white frames of the movies and photos masters of the screen. Yearbooks "Screen" became a sort of mirror of the Soviet critics of the 1960s–1980s, reflecting its ups and downs, forced to default figures, ideological passages, thaw and perestroika hope. From the time of the last annual output has been more than a quarter century. The film history faculty of VGIK has lost its former magic among students. Russian film critic since changed significantly. And compared to thaw and perestroika times – not always in the best possible way. There was, for example, glamorous and glossy film critic, but often superficial film critic dashing Internet users. Many of the authors of the annual "Screen" for a long time are no longer alive. Some of the critics have gone into other professions... But life goes on, and the Russian film critic still be able to delight true fans of the "tenth muse" deep intelligence and evidence-based reasoning.

318-323

Authors: Tatiana V. Chumakova, Marianna M. Shakhnovich, Ekaterina A. Terukova

The article is concerned with the main problems of formation’s history and exploration of the collections of Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Community (Russia). Its Community in Russia from the moment of its creation (1882) not only engaged in the organization of pilgrimages in Holy Land, but its deals with the organization of systematic archaeological excavations and scientific expeditions in Near East. One of the important but few mentioned aspects of this scientific and cultural activity is the creation of two unique collections – the library’s collection and the photo archive. This research is based on the materials collection’s of The Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Community, which is saved as a part of the collections of the State Museum of the History of Religion and archive materials that not published yet. The book’s and photo’s compositions that preserved in the collections of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Community reflects not only intellectual inquiries and preferences of Russian scientists but the history of Palestinian science’s development in Russia at the end of the XIX – at the beginning of XX centuries as a whole.

330-338

Authors: Almasa Mulalic, Nudzejma Obralic

This study examines the willingness to communicate, communication apprehension and communication competence among Turkish and Bosnian students at IUS. Willingness to communicate as defined by McCroskey and Richard (1987) means an individual personal’s general personality orientation towards talking. Communication apprehension according to McCroskey (1984) is an individual level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with other person or persons. Communication competence according to McCroskey and McCroskey (1986) is ones people’s perception of his/her communication competence. Data for this study was collected from students enrolled in freshman classes at IUS. Survey method was used to collect data from the participants using questionnaires. T-test was used to analyze data for this study for all measures (WTC, PRCA, and SPCC) in order to determine the difference in willingness to communicate, communication apprehension and communication competence among Bosnian and Turkish students. The results of this study showed that there is no statistically significant difference between Turkish and Bosnian students regarding their willingness to communicate. However, the results showed that there are differences among Bosnian and Turkish students regarding their communication apprehension. The results also showed that there is difference between Bosnian and Turkish students regarding communication competence. However, the results did not show any statistically significant difference between Turkish and Bosnian students regarding student’s willingness to communicate, communication apprehension and communication competence.

242-251

Authors: Galina A. Kharchenko, Marina Yu. Klischenko, Irina V. Grigorieva, Vladimir V. Kovalenko, Svetlana V. Semenova

Authors set the object, to study the factors influencing a choice of buyers of devices for carrying out inhalation on the basis of statistical processing of results of questionnaire of buyers, to analyze interrelation between the factors influencing a choice and purchase of the device and gender and age characteristics of potential buyers. The role of the doctor, worker of a drugstore, the Internet sites in the course of a choice, opinion of consumers of different age categories on the most preferable sources of information on devices for carrying out inhalation is revealed, preferences of buyers at a choice of a place of commission of purchase of devices for carrying out inhalation are defined. Feature of respondents of sources of information and making decision on purchase, female and male concerning use is shown.

271-282

Authors: Sergey A. Lebedev

The problem of the dynamics of scientific knowledge is one of the central problems in modern methodology of science. This problem involves three main issues. The first concerns the essence of the process of science: whether it is a gradual evolutionary change( i.e. expansion of the scope and content of scientific truths), or describes a more complex model with jumps, revolutions, qualitative differences in views on the same subject [14]? This question may be formulated otherwise: is the dynamics of science the process of cumulative or, rather, anticumulative (including the waiver of some previous scientific views as unacceptable the position of new theories)? [7]. The second question concerns the explanation of the dynamics of scientific knowledge: whether it is possible to interpret it by appealing exclusively to action intrascientific (internal) factors or you must recognize a significant impact on scientific knowledge of a number of non-scientific (external), in particular, socio-cultural, factors? [16;19]. The third question involves the search for general laws of development of scientific knowledge and specific patterns of development of different fields of science [6]. The answers to the above-formulated problem cannot be obtained without the involvement of the factual material of the history of science. But the appeal to history of science assures us that the dynamics of scientific knowledge science is not a purely logical process of the unfolding of the content of scientific knowledge, and cognitive changes that take place in historical space and time. However, it is equally clear that historical material always needs some philosophical interpretation, as can be rationale reconstructs in different ways [15].

293-314

Authors: Yuri A. Privalov, Michael I. Ojovan, Mikhail B. Loshchinin

The phenomenological model of labor, which assumes labor as some kind of imitation and as necessary but not sufficient condition for the creation of good, was suggested. The labor model is developed on theoretical base common with the model of collective. The formula of labor of survival collective happen to be the most general and may be considered as the generator of formulas of labor in towns and in wild nature. There were considered numerous consequences of labor model, including the difference between rural and urban labor, the historical disintegration of labor communities, the society self-heating, and the locked survival. The nature of non-linearity in models of labor and collective is discussed. The hypothesis that survival is locked but transition "survival-prosperity" is historically facilitated was justified. Demographic phase transition proposed by S.P. Kapitsa is confirmed by the model of locked survival. The fatal co-occurrence of completion of human population growth, displacement of population from villages to cities, and the collapse of households is explained.

196-207

Authors: Sergey A. Lebedev

The article analyzes three philosophical problems of science: the concept of the scientific method, the structure of the contemporary methodology of science and the status of general- scientific methods of cognition. Substantiates the following provisions: (1) the term "method of science" does not have a single denotation, and refers to many different scientific methods that are applied in all fields of science, regardless of their content, as well as at all levels of scientific knowledge; (2) modern methodology of scientific cognition consists of two main parts: description of scientific methods and description specially scientific methods: either a methods of particular area of science (mathematics, logic, natural sciences, social sciences and humanities, technical sciences), or a methods of particular level of scientific knowledge (sensual, empirical, theoretical, metatheoretical); (3) a set of general-scientific methods of modern science performs the function of a universal method of science, which was previously given to the different philosophical methods

216-230

Authors: Alexander Fedorov

This article gives the way for hermeneutic analysis of the topic of the White movement in the mirror of the Russian cinema at the present stage (1992-2016). The hermeneutical analysis suggests media text comprehension through comparison with historical, cultural tradition and reality; penetration of its logic; through comparison of media images in historical and cultural context by combining historical, hermeneutical analysis of the structural, plot, ethical, ideological, iconographic / visual, media stereotypes and analysis of media text characters. An analysis of this kind of media texts, in our opinion, is particularly important for media literacy education of future historians, culture and art historians, sociologists, psychologists and educators.Thus, the comparative analysis of plot schemes, characters, and ideology of the Russian feature films of 1992-2016, in varying degrees of affecting the subject of the White movement, leads to the conclusion about the essential similarity of their media stereotypes. Content analysis of screen media texts of 1992-2016 on the topic related to the White movement allows generally to submit their basic narrative schemes.

140-147

Authors: Bakhytgul K. Alzhapparova

The article attempts to examine the consequences of the policy of collectivization and settling policy, expressed in fleeing of Kazakh population in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In the article, with a wide range of sources, including archival documents, considered measures of the Soviet government, aimed at combating migration of Kazakh population, ineffectual nature of these measures. The author concludes that the attempt to organize the economy of otkochevniki failed due to formal and bureaucratic approach to the issue and the lack of financial resources.

156-167

Authors: Shapan Chandra Majumder, Zhang Donghui

This study examines the long-run impact of remittances on economic growth in Bangladesh. Bangladesh, being one of the top remittance-recipient countries in the world, has drawn attention to the remittance-output relationship in recent years. In 2014, remittances contributed to 8.2% of GDP of Bangladesh while the contribution was 6.7% in 2006. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the remittance on economic growth (GDP). We adopted Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models or dynamic linear regressions are widely used to examine the relationship between remittances and economic growth in the country. In testing for the unit root properties of the time series data, all variables are found stationary at first differencing level under the ADF and PP stationary tests. The study made use of diagnostic tests such as the residual normality test, heteroskedacity and serial autocorrelation tests for misspecification in order to validate the parameter estimation outcomes achieved by the estimated model. The stability test of the model is also checked by CUSUM test. The ARDL model presents that there exist a statistically significant long run positive relationship between remittance and economic growth of gross domestic product in Bangladesh.

178-183

Authors: Tatyana V. Zak

The article deals with the situation in the Russian higher education system. The factors affecting the improvement of the quality of higher education are analyzed. The emphasis is on mass universities. The main obstacles to improving the quality of education in these institutions are the Institute of collective reputation and the high costs of the struggle for improving the quality of education.The necessity of focusing on the actuation of the internal resources to improve the quality associated with the change in the educational process: giving students the right to choose the timing exams and training period at university. The implementation of the proposed measures will reduce the opportunity costs associated with quality improvement activities. The proposed change in the organization of the learning process opens the possibility to estimate the activity of universities in terms of medium-term implementation of educational programs. The use of this indicator will not only combine the two different targets of universities, but also to minimize the costs of opportunistic behavior of teachers and management.