Advances in Human Biology

17-21

Authors: Pankaj Mishra, Manas Gupta, Kriti Shrivastava, Neha Singh, Pushpraj Singh.

Background: Body piercing is a cultural practice or tradition in various civilizations dating back to antiquity. In recent years, body piercing has become increasingly fashionable for purely esthetic reasons and the practice cuts across all sectors of society. The emergence of oral tattoos especially among young adults is of concern to dental and medical professionals because of the risks and complications for oral, dental and general health. Intraoral piercings involve the tongue, while perioral piercings involve the lips, the cheeks and to a lesser extent the uvula and the frenum. Education is a primary method to intercept or prevent risky behavior of oral piercing and dental professionals have a major role in providing guidance about pe¬rioral /oral modification.

32-38

Authors: Parul Aneja, Pradeep Shukla, Col. MSM Biir, Suruchi Hans, Vikas Aneja, Amrit Padda.

Aim: Various techniques like cultural methods, Immunofluorescence and ELISA have largely been used for studies of microbial ecology. But nowdays PCR is used as a diagnostic tool that can detect even small numbers of periodontal pathogens with a high degree of accuracy. In this study, the quantity of periodontal pathogens (P.gingivalis, T.denticola, T.forsythia and A.actinomycetemcomitans) in saliva, preoperatively and postoperatively after scaling and root planing was compared by using multiplex PCR test. Materials and Method: Unstimulated saliva of 30 chronic periodontitis patients was taken preoperatively by spitting method in eppendorf vial. After treatment i.e scaling and root planing again saliva of the same patient was taken and sent to the laboratory of Maratha Mandal Dental College, Department of Microbiology, Belgaum, Karnataka for PCR analysis. Results: Quantity of three bacteria (T.d, A.a, P.g) were reduced significantly after scaling and root planing as compared to T.f which did not show statistically significant reduction. Conclusion: Non-surgical therapy like scaling and root planing plays a very important part in treating the patients of chronic periodontitis.

44-48

Authors: Srinivas Nallanchakrava, Radhika Muppa, Silpa Ambati, Shanthan Mettu, Dwitha Animi Reddy, Pratej Kiran.

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the dermatoglyphic configuration of specially abled and healthy children by comparing the variations that occur in these patterns and evaluating the caries experience associated with it. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which dermatoglyphic patterns along with deft and DMFT index was recorded in 100 children of age 6-16 years divided into two groups of 50 each (50-specially abled and 50- normal children). Results: Statistical analysis was done using MANN-WHITNEY U test. Specially abled children showed increased number of loop configurations compared to healthy children and high caries risk children in both the groups showed increased number of arches and decrease in the number of whorls with no statistical significance (P > 0.005). Conclusion: With further research in this field, dermatoglyphic patterns can prove to be an effective diagnostic tool in diagnosis of diseases with a genetic cause.

56-65

Authors: Juliet Josephi, Kranthi K Reddy, Hema Seshan, Vikram Reddy, Jagadish Reddy, Mahipal Nera, Madhusudhana Rao

Aim: Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA) has repeatedly demonstrated significant improvements in soft and hard clinical tissue parameters for the treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has the primary effect of a mitogen, initiating cell division. It was shown that osteoblasts proliferate in response to PDGF alone or with the addition of a progression factor to induce mitosis. However there is no evidence to evaluate whether a combination of PRP and DFDBA-Allograft enhances the clinical outcome compared to treatment with DBM mixed with saline solution. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes obtained with the combination of PRP and DFDBA to those obtained with DFDBA mixed with saline solution in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Materials and Method: This study was carried out for a period of 12 months. 20 intrabony defects in 10 patients were divided into experimental and control sites. The experimental sites were debrided and grafted with a combination of Platelet Rich Plasma and DFDBA-Allograft. The control sites were debrided and grafted with DFDBA-Allograft with saline. Probing depth, clinical attachment level and gingival margin position were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Standardized radiographs were also documented at these recalls. Results: On completion of 12 months, the DFDBA + PRP sites had significantly lower mean PD (7.0 mm versus 2.10 mm; P <0.003) and CAL (7.0mm versus 1.90 mm; P <0.003) compared to the DFDBA+saline sites. At 12months, there was no significant difference between the study groups for mean gingival margin position (P >0.05). Conclusion: Overall, both therapies led to significant improvements of the investigated parameters. The combination of PRP and DFDBA-Allograft was more effective in terms of improving clinical parameters than DFDBA-Allograft alone. There is a need for further long term controlled studies evaluating the adjunctive benefits of a combination of PRP and DFDBA-Allograft as compared to DFDBA-Allograft alone in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.

72-77

Authors: Neha Agarwal, Umang Agarwal, Swati Katiyar, Shubhi Gupta

Aim: The objective of this in vivo study was to compare the amount of bacterial colonization associated with metal, self-ligating and ceramic orthodontic brackets . Materials and Method: The study was done on 30 orthodontic patients who were randomly divided in to three groups. Group I bonded with metal brackets wire ligated with steel ligature , Group II bonded with self-ligating brackets and Group III bonded using ceramic brackets wire ligated with elastomeric module. Amount of bacterial colonization was evaluated from right of the maxillary dental arch at day 1 and at day 21, the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial count was then compared. Result: ANOVA test for anaerobic and aerobic log bacterial count showed significant difference between group I, group II and group III observations at 5% level of significance at day 21. Conclusion: The result of this in vivo study concluded that higher bacterial colonization was associated with ceramic brackets ligated with elastomeric modules followed by metal brackets ligated with steel ligatures and comparatively less microbial growth was observed in self - ligating brackets.

88-92

Authors: Rani Somani, Shipra Jaidka, Deepti Jawa Singh, Gurleen Kaur Sibal

Aim: To evaluate shear bond strength of conventional Type II glass ionomer cement with triclosan incorporated Type II glass ionomer cement. Materials and Method: Forty extracted non-carious permanent molars were taken. Triclosan incorporated glass ionomer cement was prepared at a concentration of 2.5%. Specimens were divided into two groups of twenty teeth each. Group A was restored with conventional GIC whereas Group B with triclosan incorporated GIC. Thermocycling was done to simulate oral conditions. After 24 hours Groups A and B were checked for shear bond strength using Instron Universal testing Machine at crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until fracture. Results were recorded. Results: Data was statistically analyzed by student’s t-test. Shear bond strength of triclosan incorporated GIC was higher than conventional GIC. Conclusion: Triclosan incorporated GIC can be considered as an alternative to conventional GIC with enhanced antibacterial property.

5-13

Authors: Dhruv Yadav, Divyaroop Rai, Vikas Gill, Akrati Dosi, Abhilasha Choudhary.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to examine the changes in dimension of pharyngeal airway spaces (PAS) and hyoid bone position after surgery in class II and class III skeletal malocclusion. Methods: This study included 50 patients of class II and class III skeletal and dental malocclusion who had undergone orthognathic surgery. The pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms were taken to calculate upper and lower air way spaces and position of hyoid bone was also measured before and after the surgery. Results: Changes in upper and lower airway spaces and alteration in the location of hyoid bone was seen in Class II cases only. Conclusion: Maintaining of lower air way spaces in surgical class III cases of mandibular set back and position of hyoid bone is very important.

18-24

Authors: Sameer V Savaliya, Manish B Shah, Pooja N Patel, Margi R. Patel.

Aim: In office bleaching has gained popularity in recent times as one of the most efficient and cost effective technique for treatment of discoloured teeth. Aim of this study was to evaluate the bleaching efficiency of two different In office bleaching materials and the efficacy of light on the shade change. Materials and Methods: 24 patients were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups. Treatment involved application of 40% H2O2 (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent, US), 35% H2O2 (Whiteness HP Maxx, FGM Dental Products, Brasil) with and without using LED Bleaching light. Evaluation of shade change was done subjectively (Vita Classical shade guide) as well as using spectrophotometer (Vita Easy shade). Results: Statistical analysis of data revealed that there was no significant difference among the two bleaching materials with or without the use of light, but a significant difference was observed when bleaching with light was compared to bleaching without light. Conclusion: The use of light enhances the bleaching efficiency of in office beaching gels irrespective of the concentration.

34-38

Authors: Meghna Amin, Rupal Mehta, Shilpa Duseja, Khushboo Desai.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of commercially available nano-hydroxyapaptite paste as a desensitizing agent. Materials & Methods: The study included 30 subjects complaining of dentinal hypersensitivity. After prophylactic scaling & root planing, patients were instructed to brush with the given commercially available nano-hydroxyapatite paste twice a day. A numeric rating scale was used to measure the parameter of pain related to the stimuli at the baseline and after the application of gel at the intervals of 24 hours, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: There was remarkable decrease in the dentinal hypersensitivity at the end of 6 months. Intragroup comparisons at various time intervals were significant (p<0.0001). The mean pain score at the end of 6 months was 3.00 +/- 0.468 from 7.93 +/- 0.248 at the baseline. Conclusion: Hence, commercially available nano-hydroxyapatite paste is effective in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity.

43-47

Authors: Seema D Bargale, Shital Kiran DP.

Background: Twinned or geminated teeth may cause spacing, caries, aesthetic and periodontal problems which are usually seen in the anterior region. Various treatment methods can be used for correction of double teeth according to the demands of the condition. This article reports bilateral fused maxillary incisor teeth. The fused right side incisor was separated by hemisection and remaining mesial incisal margin was built using composite. Further, comprehensive orthodontic treatment was done to align the anterior maxillary teeth.

52-55

Authors: Rohan Bhatt, Bhavna Dave, Megha Sheth.

Background: The term Riga-Fede disease has been used historically to describe traumatic ulceration that occurs on the ventral surface of tongue in neonates and infants. It is most often associated with natal and neonatal teeth in newborns. A case of Riga-Fede disease is presented here.

60-64

Authors: Arvind K Shetty, Pooja Wadkar.

Background: Pyogenic granuloma is primarily a reactive tumour like overgrowth seen in the oral cavity caused due to irritation, physical trauma or hormonal factors. Pyogenic granuloma is not an infectious but a reactive lesion, and causes functional and esthetic challenges. This case report describes the occurrence of multiple pyogenic granulomas; a rare entity; in the oral cavity of a 35 year old female patient. Diagnosis and treatment of pyogenic granuloma is important to prevent its recurrence. Based on clinical findings and histopathological reports a proper diagnosis was achieved and the multiple lesions were treated using a minimally invasive technique of excision using a diode laser.

71-74

Authors: George Francis, Paul Kariyatty, Joseph lijo, Mathew M Alani, Pramod PS, Donny Philip Varughese.

Background: Prosthetic reconstruction of partial maxillectomy defects is a challenging procedure that requires multidisciplinary expertise to achieve an acceptable function, speech and esthetics. This procedure improves the quality of life for the patient as a normal individual. Obturation of the defect depends on its volume and position of remaining hard and soft tissues which determine the retention, stability and support for the prosthesis. The prosthesis should be simple to handle, easy to maintain, biocompatible, light in weight and convenient for future adjustments. This case report describes a clinical case of partial maxillectomy which was successfully rehabilitated with a definitive closed hollow bulb obturator and cast metal denture base.