International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences

465-466

Authors: Rohit Rai

Periodontal tissue is destroyed in the course of Periodontitis by disproportionate immunologic responses to a triggering agent, such as bacteria in biofilm. It has been reported that molars with furcation involved caused by periodontitis, have a higher rate of periodontal breakdown and respond less favorably to periodontal therapy than molars without furcation involvement or single-rooted teeth. Multirooted teeth offer unique and challenging problems for the periodontist. The furcation area, because of the interrelationships between the size and shape of the teeth, the roots and their alveolar housing, and the varied nature and pattern of periodontal destruction create situations in which routine periodontal procedures are somewhat limited and special procedures are generally required. It has been shown that the best chance for success lies in early recognition and treatment of furcation involvement. Grade II furcation is any involvement of the interradicular bone without a through-and-through ability to probe. Various materials have been used to resolve furcation defect including autografts, demineralised freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBAs), bovine-derived xenografts, barrier membranes and combinations of membranes and bone grafts. Although these regenerative materials are being used today, the introduction of biomimetic agents such as enamel matrix derivatives, platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet-derived growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins have shown better outcomes in furcation treatment. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), developed in France by Choukroun et al, is a second generation platelet concentrate. Its advantages over the better known platelet-rich plasma (PRP) include ease of preparation/application, minimal expense and lack of biochemical modification (no bovine thrombin or anticoagulant is required). PRF is a strictly autologous fibrin matrix containing a large quantity of platelet and leukocyte cytokines. Resorbable tissue replacement (R.T.R) is a biocompatible synthetic alloplast material of the highest purity. RTR granules have a ß-Tricalcium phosphate crystalline (ß TCP) structure. It is extremely hydrophilic, so it is drawn into the surgical site and can be easily contoured to fill any bony void. This makes RTR ideal for the treatment of periodontal defects, ridge augmentations, and extraction socket therapy (post-extraction ridge preservation). The coronally advanced flap is a simple pedicle flap that can be utilized for root coverage, and does not require graft harvesting. A potential limitation of the coronally advanced flap is the limited gain in the apico-coronal dimension of the keratinized tissue which is an important parameter in preventing the recurrence of gingival recession.

473-482

Authors: M.kanmani,C.Sabarigirinathan,K.Vinayagavel,V.Harisnath,P.Rupkumar,Liya Neha Bipinchandra,G.Sriramaprabu

Introduction: Several techniques have been suggested to improve the accuracy of vinyl polysiloxane impressions. This in vitro study was conducted to compare the accuracy of 1&2 step techniques using various types of spacers. Aim Of The Study: To check the accuracy of two commercially available vinyl poly siloxane impression materials. Methods: A machined standard milled steel die was made to serve as a model. After making several vinyl polysiloxane impressions of the master die, impressions were evaluated for accuracy with the help of travelling microscope. Results: Intra abutment and inter abutment distance were measured with travelling microscope and statistically evaluated. Conclusion: 2 mm coping spacer for wash material produced stone dies with minimal dimensional change compared to other spacer technique Keywords: Putty wash impression technique, Dimensional accuracy, Poly vinyl siloxane material

490-499

Authors: Rodney Littlejohn, William Anderson, Charles Brian Preston ,Thikriat S. Al-Jewair, Sawsan Tabbaa

Objectives: To determine parents/guardians and patients’ satisfaction with various aspects of orthodontic treatment in two private orthodontic practices in the State of New York. Materials and methods: Parents/guardians and patients in two rural private practice settings were asked to anonymously provide their levels of satisfaction with the orthodontic services provided by two independent orthodontists. A total of 51 patient and 49 parent/guardian surveys were completed. Results: Both parents and patients were extremely satisfied with final appearance, smile and arrangement of teeth. All groups indicated they would undergo treatment again and expressed a significant positive influence on self-confidence. Parents/guardians and patients indicated the most difficult aspect of orthodontic treatment was pain during treatment and difficulty in eating. All surveyed indicated high marks with desire to have treatment by an orthodontic specialist as well as extreme satisfaction with the doctor. Conclusions: Although the majority of patients and their parents were satisfied with orthodontic treatment, a small group is not and therefore future studies are warranted to further explore the topic. It is quite significant to all practitioners to evaluate, on an ongoing basis, our patients and parents satisfaction with their orthodontic experience, so that continuous and never-ending improvements can be undertaken. Keywords: Satisfaction; Orthodontic treatment; Motivation; Survey

510-517

Authors: Javid Y Patel

Background: This study is planned to assess the awareness & prevalence of dental caries in school going children of Surat city in order to provide the baseline data for planning and modifying the treatment plan in order to reduce the prevalence of dental caries.The study is designed to include 100 school going children, which will be examined by basic examination instruments and scored according to “WHO” criteria. The sample consisted of 18, 54 and 28 children in the 5-7, 8-10 and 11-13 years of age group. Objective: To assess the awareness & prevalence of dental caries in school going children of Surat city.Dental caries is most prevalent cause of premature loss of tooth, which may sometimes, lead to orthodontic abnormalities and other problems. Materials and Methods:100 children of both the sexes in the age group of 5 to 13 years of Surat city were examined using ‘WHO’ criteria. Among 100 students 52 were boys and 48 were girls and are residing around Thiruvallur. The sample consisted of 18, 54, and 28 children in the 5 to 7, 8 to 10 and 11 to 13 years age group respectively.The subject was examined on dental chair using mouth mirror and explorer under adequate light, prior to examination a questionnaire was filled by the subject, to rule out the personal data and oral hygiene habits.Dental caries were examined by using deft and DMFT indices respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was high in the age group of 5 to 13 years children.The highest prevalence was seen in the age group of 8 to 10 years compared to 5 to 7 years and 11 to 13 years age groups. Prevalence of dental caries is almost similar in both the sexes. There is not much variation in relation to gender. Keywords: Dental caries, sugar, dental awareness, socioeconomic status.

530-535

Authors: V.Parimala1,A.Meenakshi2,K.Vinayagavel3,C.Sabarigirinathan4,V.Harishnath5,M.Kanmani6,G.Sriramaprabu7,P.Rupkumar 8

An esthetically pleasing appearance of teeth is the best asset for a good smile.Ceramic restorations because of their natural translucency and tooth like color provide excellent esthetics and are virtually indistinguishable from the adjacent natural dentition.The absence of metal layer in all ceramic restorations helps in transmission of light through the full depth of the restoration there by enhancing the translucency creating a life like appearance.Depending upon the clinical demand,both all ceramic and porcelain fused to metal can be used for full veneer crowns.This study is performed to analyze the marginal fit of heat pressed all ceramic crowns and metal ceramic crowns. Keywords: Satisfaction; Orthodontic treatment; Motivation; Survey

545-555

Authors: C.Sabarigirinathan1,K.Vinayagavel2,PratibhaRawat3,P.Rupkumar4,M.Kanmani5,P.A.Manoj Kumar6,G.Sriramaprabu 7,M.Rjakumar 8

Provisional means established for the time being, pending permanent arrangement10, 12. An optimal provisional restoration must satisfy many interrelated factors, which can be classified as biological, mechanical, esthetic10. Flexural strength and marginal integrity are an important mechanical property particularly when patient use provisional restoration for an extended period of time such as for long span bridges and when patient exhibits Para-functional habits. Various materials have been used as a provisional restoration. Poly methyl - methacrylate is most commonly used materials as provisional restorative material. Bis-GMA resins have become popular due to their capability to overcome some of the disadvantages of conventional poly methyl and ethyl methacrylate resins. They are resin composites and represent an improvement over the acrylics as they shrink less, give off less heat during setting, can be polished at chair side. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare marginal integrity of three materials Bis-acryl composite resin, self cure and heat cure acrylic resin and flexural strength of unreinforced Bis –acryl composite with fiber reinforced heat cure and self cure acrylic resins. Keywords: Bis-acryl composite, Glass Fiber, Polyethylene fiber, Heat cure resin, Self cure resin, Flexural strength, Marginal integrity.

572-577

Authors: V.Parimala1,C.Sabarigirinathan2,K.Vinayagavel3,G.Sriramaprabu4, P.Rupkumar5,M.Rajakumar6,Vinaybharti V.Harishnath8,S.Elavarasan9

The smile is one of the most appealing aspects of the human face and is considered to be the very image of the soul. Dr. Charles Land introduced one of the earliest forms of ceramic crowns in 1903.Then the first metal-ceramic crown was described by Brecker in 1956. From its introduction till date,the porcelain fused metal restorations have a long proven record of success because of their good compressive strength,marginal fit,fracture resistance and the versatility to be used for both single crowns and fixed partial dentures.But the esthetic limitations like lack of metal translucency,exposure of metal collar in the anterior region,paved way for all ceramic metal free restorations. This study was performed to compare the ultimate marginal fit of conventional metal ceramic crowns with that of heat pressed all ceramic crowns. Keyword:Marginal Fit,Casting,Ceramic Veneer

588-595

Authors: Mohammad Kashefinejad 1, Mohammadmehdi Shojaeian 2, Maryam Ehsani 3, Seyed Aliasghar Sefidgar 4, Soraya Khafri 5

Aim: One of the pathogens found in dental canals with necrotic pulp is Candida albicans. Teeth with unsuccessful root canal treatment sometime are found to have fungi. As a result, finding irrigation more effective on Candida albicans has a positive impact on treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of BioPure MTAD and lavender extract with nystatin on Candida albicans and to compare their effects. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, after preparation of the materials, Candida albicans was cultured and transferred to liquid BHI medium and its turbidity was set to 0.5 McFarland. In this study, agar diffusion and cell counting methods were used. In agar diffusion method, seven wells were prepared after the culture of fungal suspension on solid BHI medium and the study solutions were added to each of them and after 48 hours, zone of inhibition was measured. In cell counting method in microplates fungal suspension and then drug were added. After 48 hours, the number of fungal cells was counted. The results were analyzed using ANOVA test and LSD. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The antifungal activity of BioPure MTAD, lavender extract and nystatin on Candida albicans in both methods was statistically (P <0.001) significant, however BioPure MTAD was statistically more effective than lavender extract and nystatin showed the highest antifungal activity (P <0.001). Conclusion: All materials have antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The antifungal activity of BioPure MTAD is higher than that of lavender extracts against Candida albicans. Keywords: BioPure MTAD, lavender extract, nystatin, Candida albicans, canal irrigant

605-610

Authors: Mustafa .I.Merchant1 ,Rajesh.B.Dhirawani2 ,Semmia Mathivanan3,Bhushan Thakkar4,Niranjan Patil5,Sejal Sardhara6

Biopsy is the gold standard of diagnostic procedures. The use of Biopsy will reduce the complications due to delay or failure to diagnose. The conclusions drawn from the Pathological evaluation of an oral biopsy are considered essential for establishing a definitive diagnosis and thereafter for the subsequent treatment planning. Although biopsy is widely used in all medical fields, the practice is not so frequently used in dental practice - Primarily because of a lack of awareness of the procedure among dental professionals. Therefore the early diagnosis of invasive oral malignancy may be critical for improving the patient prognosis. Our study provides an update on the biopsy sampling techniques, their application and material required for correct sample storage and transport. Keywords: Oral biopsy, Surgical technique, Oral diagnosis.

619-627

Authors: Mamatha.B1,R. Rekha2,G. Radha3,SK Pallavi4

Pregnancy is a special state for a woman, which is associated with a myriad of emotional and physiological changes in different parts of body including oral cavity and dental health. Thus the present review was undertaken to summarize the available information regarding oral health status and treatment needs of pregnant women in various parts, across the world and to discuss possible dental treatment needs during this period. The study was a systematic review of English-language articles indexed in PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR which was published from the year 2000-2015 with Medical subject heading (MeSH) terms linked with the maternal oral health like Pregnancy and Oral health etc. Of 179 citations, 11 studies met study criteria and were reviewed. Keywords: Pregnancy, Oral health, Treatment needs.

636-639

Authors: Sehrish Ashraf1

Use of natural products in the prevention and treatment of oral conditions could be of benefit to low socio economic level in urban and rural communities.Many side effects associated with conventional drug regime has been averted by using herbal products on oral tissues.Among currently available herbals most popular and currently receiving a lot of scientific attention is Aloe vera and Honey.Honey having an effective antibacterial potential to combat oral pathogen both gram positive and gram negative micro organisms while as Aloe vera enhances defence mechanisms,combat periodontal diseases. Keywords: aloe vera,honey,healing socket.

646-653

Authors: Muhamad Abu-Hussein1, Azzaldeen Abdulgani2 , Bsem Abu Qube3

Regenerative endodontics (revascularization/pulpal regeneration) is one of the most exciting new developments in endodontics. The current American Association of Endodontists defines regenerative endodontics as “biologically-based procedures designed to physiologically replace damaged tooth structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex.” This case report demonstrates the evidence of continued root growth by the process of revascularization after going through a period of Ca(OH)2 apexification. Key words: Root growth, Revascularization, Necrosed Pulp, Ca(OH)2 regenerative endodontics, MTA

661-668

Authors: Chinnala Sweatha1

Modern dentistry, at the same time increase in awareness among the patients for their dentition maintenance, have increased the treatment of teeth which were once have been removed. In context to present day decree, teeth with advanced bone loss may retained well by removal of single or more of their roots. Present article illustrates a conservative simple procedure for hemisection in mandibular molar and their subsequent restoration. The results obtained with this tooth offer possibility of a successful repair technique for this otherwise hopeless complication of endodontic therapy. Keywords: Hemisection, Furcation, Restoration.

674-680

Authors: Anila Sankaranarayanan1*,Nandakumar Krishnankutty2,Prasanth Dhanapal3, George Jacob M4

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition manifested by enlarged gingival tissues, and can occur as an isolated disease or as part of a syndrome. The condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, which is more common, or as an autosomal recessive trait. This case report reports a case of a 16 year old boy with non-syndromic Hereditary gingival fibromatosis with a probable recessive mode of inheritance, as the patient’s parents reported a history of consanguineous marriage. The fibrotic gingival tissue was removed surgically, sextant wise under local anesthesia. After the surgical procedure the patient’s appearance was considerably improved. The case was followed up for 18 months at regular intervals and there was no evidence of recurrence of the gingival condition. Key words: Consanguinity, Fibromatosis, Gingival, Hereditary

691-694

Authors: Shahnaz Nabi1,Riyaz Farooq2,Aamir Rashid Purra3,Fayaz Ahmad Ahangar4

The success of endodontic treatment depends on dentist’s knowledge about root canal morphology and its possible anatomic variations. Various literature reports indicate majority of mandibular canines have one root and one root canal, but 15% may have two canals, and a smaller number of 1.7% may have two distinct roots. This paper reports two cases of mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals. Key words: Two rooted mandibular canine, Aberrant root canal anatomy, Two root canal

702-709

Authors: Gurav SV*1, Khanna TS2, Ghogre P3

Prosthetic rehabilitation of mandibulectomy patients is challenging because of various anatomical and physiological reasons. In marginal mandibulectomy, even though continuity is preserved, altered soft tissues poses problem in denture placement. Maximum stability of the partial denture base for mandibulectomy patients may be accomplished by the application of the neutral zone concept, which helps in providing stability to the base. This case report describes the fabrication of a removable partial denture for a patient with marginal mandibulectomy using combination of neutral zone technique and altered cast technique. The dentures thus fabricated helped in improving function and esthetic of the patient. Key Words: Marginal Mandibulectomy, Cast partial denture, Neutral Zone, Altered cast technique.

2

Authors: Chelsea Pankow

Over recent years, there has been a progressive shift in the way that health care quality is defined and measured. Patient-centered care—defined as “providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions”— is associated with improved clinical outcomes, efficiency, and patient satisfaction and has become a policy priority in the United States and other countries. The expanding field of patient-centered outcomes research has strengthened the voice of patients, resulting in numerous tools and indicators to measure health care quality from the patient's perspective.

5

Authors: Aditya Agrawal1,Sagar R. Kausal2,Uday N. Soni3,N. G. Toshniwal4,Abhijeet N. Misal5

The formation of white spot lesions, or enamel demineralization, around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and following fixed orthodontic treatment, which marks the result of a successfully completed case. This article is a contemporary review of the risk factors and preventive methods of these orthodontics scars. Preventive programmes must be emphasized to all orthodontic patients. The responsibility of an orthodontist is to minimize the risk of the patient having decalcification as a consequence of orthodontic treatment by educating and motivating the patients for excellent oral hygiene practice. Keywords: orthodontics, white spot lesions, prevention.

5

Authors: Ziad Salim Abdul Majid1, Elsanousi M.Taher2.

Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, the commonest being the Candida albicans. It is one of the common side effect associated with long term use of systemic corticosteroids. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis in 24 Negroid Female Libyan patient on long term use of systemic corticosteroids therapy who came to the department of Oral Medicine, Surgery, and Diagnosis at the Faculty of Dentistry, Libyan International Medical University with the clinical appearance of Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis. Proper patient management with successful treatment protocol, and follow up were performed to overcome the patient presenting symptoms, and to eliminate the corticosteroids therapy related problems. Key words: Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis, Candida albicans, Systemic Corticosteroids, Ketoconazole, Chlorhexidine gluconate.

6

Authors: Naveena kumar1, Harsh Umesh Sharma2 , Afaque Siddiqui3 , Amol Hedaoo4

The conventional approach towards treatment of a skeletal facial deformity starts with pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, followed by orthognathic surgery and eventually, post-surgical orthodontics. Pre-surgical orthodontics, though considered essential for adequate and stable surgical outcome, involves varied amount of time and temporary worsening of the facial esthetics, which proves to be a discouragement for many patients. Advancement in surgical techniques coupled with increase in number of patients seeking orthognathic surgery, a new treatment approach called as SURGERY FIRST (SFA), followed by orthodontic treatment has become very common. This approach, with its lesser treatment time and adequate effectiveness, has gained popularity in recent times. Keywords: SFA, Surgery First, Orthognathic Surgery.

6

Authors: Prateek Mishra1, Sneha S. Mantri2 ,Suryakant Deogade3 ,Pushkar Gupta4

Endodontically treated teeth with the loss of coronal tooth structure when left untreated for a long period may cause supraeruption, drifting, tipping, and rotation of adjacent and opposing teeth. This may be challenging to the clinician, when fabricating a crown because of inadequate interocclusal space. Tooth with less remaining crown height is indicated for post and core followed by crown to restore normal anatomy, function and esthetics. Patients with reduced interocclusal clearance and having very steep incisal guidance are most difficult to manage. Richmond crown is a feasible approach for such cases that can be performed with very less incisal clearance to accommodate post, core and crown thickness. In this article diagnosis, treatment planning for such case has been discussed along with fabrication technique of Richmond crown. Key words: Richmond crown, Cast post, endodontic restorations, overjet, tooth facture.

7

Authors: Priyank Shah1 ,Rashmi Bhavasar2, Vandana Shah3, Himanshu Shrivastava4, Falguni Patel5 , Prachi Chhimwal6

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are two most commonly seen oral diseases showing striking geographic variations, socioeconomic patterns and severity of distribution all over the world. They are rapidly emerging oral health problems amongst the young generation of developing countries like India due to changing life styles and dietary patterns. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different psychoactive substance use in dental caries. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study with 100 participants which comprises of 50 participants in study group (50 cases of patients using any form of alcohol, tobacco & areca nut) and 50 in control group. This study also evaluated the relationship of oral health status by using OHI-S and dental caries in psychoactive substance abusers as well as in apparently healthy individuals. Mean DMFT index score as well as Oral Hygiene Index was higher in tobacco-users as compared to no habit group. Keywords: Dental caries, DMFT, Tobacco abusers.

7

Authors: Akanksha Bhatt1,Vishesh Gupta2,B. Rajkumar3

With the advent of various materials and newer techniques, coupled with individual’s awareness towards oral health, the popularity of restoring teeth rather than its removal is increasing day by day. All the teeth have specific form and alignment which helps in performing the optimal function of mastication, phonetics and esthetics maintaining the integrity and longevity of individual tooth and stomatognathic system. This review article throws a light on occlusion and its consideration in restorative dentistry. Keywords: Occlusion, Stomatognathic system, Temporo-mandibular joint.

8

Authors: Shailee Shelke1,Shaila Masih1,Namita Singh1,Abi M Thomas1

Aim: To evaluate the pH, titratable acidity of packaged mixed fruit juice modified with tri-calcium phosphate and its erosive potential on enamel. Study Design: In vitro experimental trial Methods: From specimen of packaged mixed fruit juice, 2% w/v tricalcium phosphate modified juice was prepared. The pH and titratable acidity for the test drinks was measured before and after addition of tricalcium phosphate. Samples were prepared from 40 sound deciduous anterior teeth. Teeth were mounted in self cure acrylic and stored in deionized water at room temperature. Four specimen groups of ten samples each were made. Baseline surface microhardness measurements were taken by Vickers indenter- 200gms force for 15seconds. For microhardness testing, three indentations on different locations on same surface were made. Each specimen was then immersed in juice solution for three minutes followed by immersion in artificial saliva for three minutes for three cycles. Statistics: The data of enamel microhardness were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There was a significant rise in mean microhardness values of deciduous enamel samples in modified fruit juice group (375.37 VHN) as compared to samples in the mixed fruit juice group (291.05 VHN). Conclusion: 2% w/v tricalcium modified mixed fruit juice has a higher pH and a lower titratable acidity compared to commercially available packaged mixed fruit juice. The fortification with tri-calcium phosphate minimized the erosive potential of acidic mixed fruit juice on the enamel surface of deciduous teeth. Keywords: Enamel Microhardness, Packaged Fruit Juice, Dental Erosion, Deciduous Teeth

8

Authors: Indrani Barman1,Anjan Saikia2,Chandana Kalita3,Meghali Langthasa4,Alpana Talukdar5

Early stage detection of cancer is the key to provide a better outcome for therapeutic intervention. Most routine screening and diagnosis tools for oral cancer lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity and sometimes they are invasive. Proteomic technologies hold recently great promise in the search of new clinical biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of cancer. Pro¬teomic study of human body fluid (saliva) holds promise as a non-invasive method to identify bio¬markers for human oral cancer. This review article provides a brief overview of the importance of salivary proteome in early detection of oral oncology. Keywords: proteomics, oral cancer, protein, saliva, biomarkers.

9

Authors: Qurrat-Ul-Ain Sami1, Imtiaz Ahmed2, Gul-E-Erum3

Introduction: Chronological age is considered to be a poor indicator of adolescent development, therefore cervical vertebrae maturation is preferred to access skeletal age of orthodontic patient. Objective: Objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between chorological age in maturation of cervical vertebrae. Material: the study sample of 109 patients (39 males and 70 females) in age range of 10 to 17 years. Methods: statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 16. The baccetti modified version of CVM (stage I-VI) was used in the study. The cervical vertebral stages depend on morphological evaluation of three cervical vertebrae (C2, C3 and C4). Result: the Spearman ranked correlation between chorological age and vertebral maturation stages was point 0.676 (P<0.01). Mean age of subjects were 13.5 years (13.77 for females, 13.9 for males). Conclusion: CVM method is more predictable than chronological age alone in the establishment of appropriate timing and types of orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Chronological age,skeletal age .

9

Authors: Amit Dahiya1,Minakshi Rana 2,Hooda A3,Kumar V 4

Correction of skeletal deformities in adult patients with orthodontics is limited. Orthognathic surgery is the best option for cases when camouflage treatment is questionable and growth modulation is not possible. This case report illustrates the benefit of the team approach in correcting a class II skeletal deformity. A cosmetic correction was achieved by mandibular advancement with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) along with orthodontic treatment. The patient’s facial appearance was markedly improved along with functional and stable occlusion. Key words: Retrognathic mandible, Class II div.1 malocclusion, Orthognathic surgery

9

Authors: Saikia Mousumee¹, Sahu Santosh¹, Gogoi Jyotirekha¹, Das. T.K ², Anuradha Baruah³

Introduction: The ureters are 2 muscular tubes whose peristaltic contractions convey urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Normal length of ureter proper is 25—30 cm and diameter of ureter is 3 mm in adult(grays). Congenital /developmental anomalies or variations of ureter are common. May be unilateral or bilateral, usually asymptomatic. Becomes symptomatic when any pathology occurs at that site as they are common site for obstruction and infection. Variations occur in number(single/double/triple), position(normal/retrocaval) , diameter -megaureter when diameter is >7mm accoding to Hellstrom M ,>5mm according to Cussen, 1971, in opening into bladder ( normal/ectopic). Material & method: The study was conducted on 15 adult and 65 perinatal cadavers (>32 weeks of gestation) in Department of Anatomy during the years 2013-2015. Manual dissection was done in 10% formalin fixed bodies and measurements were taken by the help of measuring tape and vernier calliper. Results: In present study 98.12% specimens showed normal morphology of ureter and.1.88% showed anomaly/developmental variation of ureter. Incidence of unilateral complete double ureter, bifid ureter and megaureter were found to be 0.62%,0.62% & 1.25% respectively in present study. Incidence of anomalies was found to be more in females than males. In adult length of ureter is 23-28.5cm and diameter is 2.4-3.6 mm. In perinates(>32 weeks) ureter length is-5-7.8cm,diameter-2-4.6mm. Conclusion: From the present study we come to the conclusion that the ureter exhibits a wide spectrum of developmental variations. Review of the literature emphasizes this finding very well. Knowledge of these variations may be of some help not only for Anatomists, but also for the Urologists and Radiologists in application of various interventions. Keywords: Length and diameter of ureter, Double ureter, Megaureter, variations, congenital anomaly

10

Authors: Nabi Shahnaz1,Aijaz Masoodi2,Khalid Amin3,Irfan Ashraf Baba4

The main objective of performing root canal therapy is to eliminate bacteria from the infected root canal system or to remove inflamed pulp tissue and close it with a biologically acceptable filling material. If this treatment manages well, regardless of the number of visits, it will create a favorable environment for healing. The recent advances in Endodontic technology, attracts the dental practitioners as well as the Endodontist to perform the root canal treatment in one visit. The purpose of this paper is to review some arguments regarding prevention of occurrence of post endodontic pain after single visit endodontics. Keywords: Single Visit Endodontics, Post Endodontic Pain, Low Level Laser

11

Authors: Muhamad Abu-Hussein1,Nezar Watted2,Azzaldeen Abdulgani3

Very minimal preparation with enamel preservation offer best results in esthetic dentistry. Composite restoration offer repairable option for a smile treatment plan. Sometimes, it may be preferable to extend the veneer preparations beyond the contact points toward the palatal surface, to hide the margins of the restoration. The use of porcelain laminate veneers to solve esthetic and/or functional problems has shown to be a valid treatment option especially in the anterior esthetic zone. The techniques and the materials employed to fabricate porcelain laminate veneers offer satisfactory, predictable and lasting results. The current porcelain veneers are esthetically superior, conservative and durable treatment modality.This review gives an insight about the evolution, indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of the laminates, as an effective esthetic restoration. Keywords: Porcelain, Veneers, Esthetics, Laminates

5

Authors: Kumar Ashutosh1

Background: Alteration in the plasma lipid profile has been associated with a variety of cancers and precancerous conditions of oral cavity. Low levels of lipids serves as a marker and prognostic indicator in the early detection of oral precancerous and cancerous conditions. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the alteration in plasma lipid profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. Materials And Methods: A total of 120 patients were included in the study, 60 with Oral SCC and 60 healthy controls. Fasting plasma lipid profile including Total Cholesterol (TC), Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and Tri-Glycerides (TG) were measured using automatic analyser. The data obtained were analysed using independent sample 't' test. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL and HDL observed in patients with Oral SCC as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The low lipid levels associated with Oral SCC indicates that there is inverse relationship between oral cancer and serum lipid profile. Decrease in the lipid levels may be considered as a useful biochemical marker in the early diagnosis of oral malignancy. Key Words: oral squamous cell carcinoma, lipid, biochemical marker

11

Authors: Tarek Rabi

Background: The success of an endodontic treatment depends upon how efficiently the microbes are eradicated from the root canal. Irrigation is vital for flushing out the pulp remnants and debris from the root canal. Aim: To determine the irrigation protocol among Palestinian general dental practitioners. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to three hundred dentists registered in Palestinian dental association. This questionnaire consisted of nineteen questions related to the irrigant used in root canal treatment. Results: 185 dentists responded with a response rate of 61.7%. Hydrogen peroxide solution was found to be the most preferred irrigant with a rate of 58.4%. Sodium hypochlorite was the chosen by 29.2% respondents. 27.6% participants used 2-3% solution of sodium hypochlorite. 50.1% participants used 2ml solution of sodium hypochlorite for irrigation. Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that although there is no consensus among the Palestinian general dentists about irrigant volume or concentration, but still hydrogen peroxide is the most preferred irrigant among the Palestinian dentists. Keywords: Irrigation in RCT, Root canal irrigant, sodium hypochlorite, normal saline, hydrogen peroxide

1407-1408

Authors: Alexandra Fonseca

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is exactly what its name suggests. The substance is a by-product of blood (plasma) that is rich in platelets. Until now, its use has been confined to the hospital setting. This was due mainly to the cost of separating the platelets from the blood (thousands) and the large amount of blood needed (one unit) to produce a suitable quantity of platelets. New technology permits the doctor to harvest and produce a sufficient quantity of platelets from only 55cc of blood drawn from the patient while they are having outpatient surgery.

1417-1423

Authors: Samara Mowafaq Ali

In dental practice there are many wrong habits that should be recognized and treated. One of them is the irrational antibiotic (AB) administration by patient. This indeed created an important issue in dental clinics first of all drug resistance and super infection. This was analyzed in our study and then the causes were identified and a plan suggested in recommendation hope that it will minimize the outcomes. Results: all those patients were finally subjected to be clinically diagnosed and treated this lead to only one fact, these antibiotics are not effective in one way or another since they are not prescribed by dentist Key words: irrational drug, self-administration, antibiotics in dentistry

1440-1449

Authors: Seema Diwan, Manisa Pattanayak, Vaibhav Gupta, Navneet Jain

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the initial vertical position of impacted maxillary incisor on spontaneous eruption frequency and its timing after surgical removal of the supernumerary tooth. Material And Methods: 44 patients with unilateral impaction of maxillary permanent central incisor with an average age of 10.5 years were studied for spontaneous eruption of impacted tooth. Orthopantomograms were taken of every patient. The time (in months) of spontaneous eruption was registered as a time from surgical removal of the supernumerary tooth till visible emergence of impacted central incisor. Results: Statistically significant differences in the spontaneous eruption time were found between the groups with different initial vertical position of the impacted central maxillary incisor. The spontaneous eruption of impacted central incisors was registered in 30 (68%) cases after removal of the supernumerary tooth. On the average, time of spontaneous eruption for the study group was 10.9 months. Conclusion: Maxillary central incisor impacted at the projection level of the apical third of the contralateral completely erupted central maxillary incisor root, should be treated by the surgical-orthodontic approach, because spontaneous eruption is unlikely to expect. Key words: Impaction, Central Incisor, Eruption, Supernumerary

1460-1465

Authors: Asha, Veena S N, Krupashankar R, Kavitha A P,Shobha R. Jijin M J, Yogish P

Aims and objectives:To assess the attitude and awareness towards radiation protection measures among private dental practitioners in Coorg district. Materials and methods:40 private practitioners (general and specialist) in Coorg district were included in the study. Information was collected through a questionnaire composed of 24 structured questions regarding knowledge, attitude and perception towards radiation protection. Results:The response rate for survey was 77.5%. All private practitioners were using conventional x-ray machines. 54% of the practitioners were unaware of exposure settings (kVp, mA) of the intraoral radiation machine, where as 38.7% mentioned the kVp setting as 65-70kVp. Film holders were used in a majority of practices (70%). 54.8% practitioners were aware of using collimators. 61.2% were aware of NCRP and AERB recommendations. But, interestingly radiation protective measures like using lead barriers, lead aprons and position distance rule were not followed by most of the private practitioners. None of them were using radiation monitoring device/dosemeter. 61.29% of practitioners never calibrated their intraoral x-ray machines. Conclusion:The awareness of private practitioners of Coorg district towards radiation hazards and protective measures was poor. A majority of private dental practitioners of Coorg did not practice radiation protection procedures. Emphasis on radiation safety in undergraduate curriculum, mandatory continuing professional education and development of radiographic selection criteria is recommended. Key words: private practitioners’ attitude, radiation protection, awareness of radiation protection,

1481-1489

Authors: Gee Ho Lim,Chang Nam Kil*, Chol Jun Hwang, Pyong Tae Nam , Chol Ho Kim ,Sun Yong Choe

Objectives:The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of semiannual topical application of ammonium fluoride - ammonium molybdate solution in schoolchildren for 3 years. Material and Methods:709 schoolchildren (6 to 7 years of age) of 3 primary schools (randomly selected) in Pyongyang city, DPRK participated in this double blind clinical trials. 1418 lower first permanent molars erupted completely were studied. We manufactured “ammonium fluoride - ammonium molybdate anticaries solution (FMS)”. Of 1418 teeth, 798 teeth were included in FMS group and 620 teeth in control group. Through 3 years of follow-up study, we assessed the effectiveness (prevalence reduction, development reduction of new caries lesions) of topical application of this solution. Results:The prevalence of caries at baseline was similar in FMS and control group (27.82%, 28.87%). However, there was great difference in caries prevalence in both groups 3 years later (32.08%, 74.03% respectively.). And at every semiannual observation, caries development reduction of this solution was more than 74%. Conclusion:FMS can be used as an effective anticaries agent. Keywords: caries development, caries prevalence, ammonium fluoride, ammonium molybdate

1500-1505

Authors: Anshul Shah,Sonali Patel,Nikan Makadia,Rushil Shah,Maithilee Jani

Aim and Objective: The basic purpose of the study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude and approach of undergraduate students regarding the awareness of first aid procedures in Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented in 2014 amongst 400 undergraduate students in Gujarat. The categories were divided into male-female sex group and into those with formal training for first aid and those without formal training for first aid. The organized data was assembled by the use of a questionnaire. The questionnaire which was presented had a set of 20 relevant questions. Results: The cross-sectional study very clearly revealed that the knowledge, attitude and approach among the female sex group regarding the first aid procedures was way superior as contrasted with the male sex group. Moreover, the findings were much better in students who had received formal training in first aid as compared to those students who had not received it. Conclusion: The cross sectional study was strived to understand the knowledge, attitude and approach amongst undergraduate students of Gujarat regarding the first aid measure. A new horizon of improvement is feasible in male students without any formal training of first aid. The need for mandatory training of first aid measures is highly recommended for all the undergraduate students and should be added as a part of educational curriculum to provide an improved understanding and training of the first aid measures. Key words: First Aid; Awareness; Emergency Measures

1519-1522

Authors: Manoj Chandak,Chandani Bhatia ,Shweta Sedani,Rakhi Chandak,Adwani Rahul ,Poonam Bhatia,Nitin Adwani

Aim:To evaluate the effect of Tea and orange juice on Nanohybrid resin composite.Materials and methods:50 specimen of Nanohybrid resin composite were prepared. Before immersion baseline data was evaluated by Vicker’smicrohardness. Specimen divided into two groups and were immersed in 25 ml for beverage for 5sec and in 25ml of saliva for 5s for 20 times. Specimen were stored in saliva for 24 h. This was repeated for 28 days. After immersion, specimen were evaluated by one way (ANOVA) , and Posthoc test: Bonferroni-Holm test. Results:Microhardness significantly decreased after being immersed in the tea and orange juice. Conclusion:The surface of restorative materials depended upon the exposure time and chemical composition of the restorative materials and beverages. Keywords:Nanohybrid composite resin.

1531-1534

Authors: Kratee Sharma*, Krishna Kumar Chaubey, Ellora Madan, Manvi Chandra Agarwal, Swati Agarwal, Zaby Fatima

Periodontitis produces substantial changes on the root surface which is referred to as ‘pathologically exposed’ root surface. Plaque, calculus and cytotoxic substances penetrate the pathologically exposed root surface and act as physical barrier inhibiting the new attachment and providing a substrate for bacterial growth. Such obstacles cannot be removed by scaling and root planing alone. Rather, leads to smear layer formation hindering new attachment. Therefore, various agents have been introduced in order to detoxify, decontaminate, and demineralise the root surface and promoting root conditioning. EDTA has been well known as a chelating agent. However, its role in root conditioning and periodontal regeneration is more to be discovered. Hence, to explore the same, EBSCO HOST was searched for entries since 1966 – 2014, which included:- Journal of Periodontology, Annals of Periodontology, Periodontology 2000, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative dentistry, Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology and Journal of Periodontal Research. A total of 6 studies were reviewed, out of these 6 studies, only, 2 reported evidence of regeneration for EDTA. It was found that the role of EDTA as a root conditioning agent in regeneration is still controversial and doubtful. Keywords: EDTA, root conditioning, new attachment, periodontal regeneration

1612-1623

Authors: Rajesh Kumar Thakur

A classification system facilitates the communication and understanding of common standardized identification of the nature of cases, helps in diagnosis, prognosis and finally suitable treatment plan for the condition. Gingival recession, a common condition leading to exposure of root surfaces, is seen in both dentally aware population and those with limited access to dental care. There are several classification systems in literature, with their merits and demerits, to describe recession. None of them ascribes and satisfies its different categories and severity. Hence, to fill this void, a humble attempt is made to present a new classification system for gingival recession. Key words- cemento-enamel junction, mucogingival junction, radicular gingiva, interdental gingiva, gingival recession classification.

8

Authors: R.Mensudar1, V.G.Sukumaran2, A. Julius3

Root canal therapy is a highly prevalent treatment option in today’s dental practice. The outcome of endodontic therapy is associated with various factors in order to maintain the quality of root canal treatment standards including both root canal fillings and coronal restorations and individual factors such as dentist knowledge, attitudes and skills. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to gather information about the various aspects, technical and biological methods, materials, and attitudes employed during root canal therapy performed both by the general dental practitioners and endodontists and to compare their choice with established endodontic treatment standards, in order to evaluate and improve the quality of current practice. The results of the present study revealed the attitudes, techniques, materials and methods employed both by the general dentists and the endodontists to perform the root canal therapy. The survey questionnaire is a common instrument used in evaluating health care systems. The major disadvantage of surveys is that often only low response rates are obtained when the questionnaire is posted or mailed. Thus in order to overcome this drawback, in the present study the data was collected by meeting the dentists in person and the response was noted, which eventually overcome the bias also. Within the limitations of the above study, the following trends were identified: Majority of the clinicians establish the apical stop at a level 1 mm from the radiographic apex, the traditional method, which is still followed. Single visit root canal therapy is more common in all type of cases. Low level use of rubber dam for isolation during endodontic therapy was a striking feature noted in both the type of respondents. Keywords: root canal therapy, irrigant, attitude, survey, questionnaire

10

Authors: Sadia Shabbir Jumani1, Gul-E-Erum2, Imtiaz Ahmed3

Introduction: One of the methods to asses vertical facial morphology is to correlate it with the angle formed between the mandibular plane and the SN plane. This study was conducted to determine if there is any relation between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology as determined by the SN-MP angle. Methods: Lateral cephalogram and dental casts were obtained from 100 untreated Pakistani adults (24 males and 76 females) above 18 year old with no cross bite, minimal crowding and spacing. The angle between the anterior cranial base and the mandibular plane was measured on lateral cephalogram of each patient. Dental casts were used to obtain maxillary and mandibular inter canine, inter premolar and inter molar widths, as well as amount of crowding or spacing. Results: The results showed that male arch widths were significantly larger than those of females and there was a significant decrease in inter arch width as the MP-SN angle increased. Keywords: Facial morphology,SN plane.

12

Authors: Renuka G Nagarale1,Girish Nagarale2, Preetha J Shetty3, KVVV Prasad4

Introduction: Prisoner is a person who is deprived of his/her liberty; even though they are deprived of their liberty they are not deprived of their right to maintain good general and oral health. Currently, one under researched area has been the oral health status of prisoners. Aim: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of prisoners in Dharwad district prisons. Methodology: A total of 256 prisoners were examined from two different prisons of Dharwad district. A pro-forma was used to obtain data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, duration of stay in prison, previous dental treatment in prison and oral hygiene habits. The W.H.O. Oral Health Assessment Form (1997) was used to assess the oral health status of the study subjects. Results: 88.28% of prisoners were males and were in the age group of 18-27 years. 47.27% of prisoners were imprisoned for less than 1 year. Prevalence of periodontal disease was 98.5% and dental caries was 82.42%. About 98% of the prisoners did not receive any kind of dental treatment in the prison. 67.19% of subjects needed one surface filling, 18.75% two surface filling, 10.55% pulp care, 31.64% extraction of teeth and 42.58% of study subjects needed replacement of missing teeth. Conclusions: Prisoners were sharing disproportionate burden of oral diseases and there was no provision of oral health services in the prison, hence the study emphasizes the need for oral health programs to improve the oral health of prisoners. Key words: prisoners, oral health, dental treatment in prison, treatment needs