International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences

10

Authors: Mohammad Assaf1, Shayma Alshalakh2, Fidaa Aliwaiwi2, Samah Qawasmeh2, Tamara Alaraj2

Aim: To evaluate the distribution of gingival biotype among a young adult population and its correlation with morphometric data related to maxillary central incisors. Methods: Only volunteers with healthy periodontium were included. Clinical parameters for maxillary central incisors were: Crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), gingival width (GW), probing depth (PD), and gingival thickness (GT). A periodontal probe was inserted in the midbuccal sulcus of the incisor to visually examine gingival thickness. Results: The overall means for CW/CL, GW, and PD were 0.78 ±0.07, 5.82 ±1.25 mm, and 1.56 ±0.40 mm, respectively. Volunteers with clear thin-scalloped gingiva, the means for CW/CL, GW, and PD were 0.70 ±0.01, 4.85 ±0.84 mm, and 1.52 ±0.50 mm, respectively. Mean values for participants with clear thick-flat gingiva were 0.81 ±0.07, 6.30 ±1.10 mm, and 2.30 ±0.71 mm, respectively. All these values were statistically significant between the thin-scalloped and thick-flat biotypes (p<0.05). Conclusions: Gingival biotype could be determined by uncomplicated clinical examination. The different biotypes are equally distributed between genders and there is an equal chance for a young adult to have a thin-scalloped (27%) or thick-flat (29%) biotype. Correlation is present between thick-flat gingiva and greater values of the clinical parameters CW/CL, GW, and PD. Key words: Gingiva, Gingival biotype, Periodontal health, Periodontal probe.

8

Authors: Pavan T P1 ,Kaleswararao2,Sangeetha Lakshmi B3,Roshan Kumar P4

Background: Comprehensive data on the prosthetic status and dental treatment needs of the elderly population in India is deficient. AIM: To assess the prosthetic status and prosthetic treatment needs among adults aged 50 years and above in and around Bangalore. Material and methods: A cross sectional survey was carried out in and around Bangalore, a total of 784 subjects whose age was 50 years or above were considered for the study. A survey proforma was prepared with the help of Oral Health Assessment Form, WHO (1997) and this modified proforma recorded data on socio-demographic status, prosthetic status and need of the study population. Results: 490 (58.5%) were wearing denture of any type, 149(16.5%) persons were wearing bridge, 169(20.2%) were wearing partial denture in one or both arch,72(21.9%) wearing complete denture in one or both the arch. Total of 546(69.6%) subjects in study population needed prosthetic treatment. It was found that prosthetic treatment need increased with age and highest was among ≥70 years age group. Conclusion: It was evident more than half of the study population is having prosthesis in either arches and around 70% of the subjects have the prosthetic needs. There is an urgent need of looking into the geriatric dental care in Bangalore. Key words: Elderly, Prosthesis,Treatment need.

2

Authors: ROHIT RAI

Nil

2

Authors: Mudit Gupta, Srinivas Kandula, Satheesha BH Reddy

Oral Cancer can occur at young age also and that too without any alarming features Due to varied clinical appearance like this, it can be mistaken for other lesions. Patients should be encouraged for routine oral and dental check up so that oral cancer can be diagnosed in its pre cancer stage and necessary steps can be taken.

5

Authors: Yogesh Chand Rajwar , Nitul Jain, Amit Srivastav, Manu Batra

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis characterized by an excess number of teeth. The incidence of supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region is high and can lead to midline diastema. Mesiodens are frequently associated with various craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip and palate, Gardner’s syndrome and cleidocranial dysostosis to name a few. The present case discusses a rare occurrence of a Mesiodens with another supernumerary teeth located palatally, in a 25 year old non- syndromic adult patient. Key words: Mesiodens, Supernumerary teeth, Odontogenesis, Midline diastema

6

Authors: Abhimanyu A Puri ,Geetha Vijay ,Sukanya Rajan

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma is a benign, slow-growing, exophytic lesion occurring on the gingiva. It appears to be far more common than its intraosseous counterpart, central odontogenic fibroma. A case of Peripheral odontogenic fibroma with its clinicopathologic findings are documented here. A 37 year old female patient reported with a chief complaint of swelling in lower right posterior tooth region since 6 months. The lesion was excised and sent for histopathologic evaluation which revealed to be peripheral odontogenic fibroma. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma is the extraosseous variant of the central odontogenic fibroma. It can mimic a variety of reactive lesions and neoplasms and thus requires an excisional biopsy for definitive diagnosis. The lesion exhibits a significant growth potential which should warrant a close follow-up. In the current case report the lesion was excised and no recurrence of the lesion was found in one month follow up. Key words: Peripheral odontogenic fibroma,Excisional biopsy,Central odontogenic fibroma.

10

Authors: Mamta Dali1, Deependra Naulakha2, Laleet Rajbanshi3

Aim: The purpose of the survey is to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical doctors working in Nobel medical college, Biratnagar, towards emergency management of avulsed tooth. Materials and methods: Study design – A cross sectional survey. 46 medical doctors were randomly included in the study and the participation was voluntary. Data regarding the emergency management of avulsed tooth was collected using a self administered questionnaire having questions which were close ended. Results: 56.6% of the medical doctors knew the correct meaning of avulsed tooth. Only few 41.3% had prior knowledge about management of an avulsed tooth and remaining 58.6% were unaware of its management. Out of those, 78.9% acquired the information during their tenure of medical course and for remaining 5.2% the source of information being health talks on television or radio and CDE programes.58.6% choose saline as a best medium to preserve an avulsed tooth, 8.6% choose saliva, 4.3% milk. A very high number of medical professionals didn’t know the ideal time for replantation of an avulsed tooth. Conclusion: The knowledge of medical doctors about avulsion of tooth was fair. It is the responsibility of the dentists to make them aware of the importance of first aid for avulsed tooth with appropriate measures. Therefore, educational training programs should be developed and conducted to improve awareness regarding emergency management of an avulsed tooth. Key words: Avulsed tooth, Attitude, Knowledge, Emergency management, Replantation.

10

Authors: Monika Khangwal, Ravinder Solanki, Amit Bali, Yashanshi Khanna, Davender Kumar, Rajiv Tanwar

Post traumatic facial nerve paralysis is not a common complication. Only 5% of all the facial palsies are due to trauma. Moreover, it is common due to fracture of the temporal bone with transaction or compression of the facial nerve. Less commonly facial paralysis due to isolated mandibular fracture without temporal bone fracture have been reported in literature. Rarely, mandibular fractures can present with concomitant facial nerve injury. In cases where the nerve injury is incomplete or delayed, prognosis is excellent. This article reports a case of delayed onset of facial paralysis with isolated mandibular fracture. Key words: Delayed, Bell's palsy, Mandibular fracture, Aetiology, Trauma

11

Authors: Aasim Farooq Shah, Pradeep Tangade, Manu Batra, Soumik Kabasi

Ergonomics is the science of fitting the task to human capabilities and limitation in order to improve work place safety and productivity. Dental profession is not immune from MSDs or cumulative trauma disorders (CTD). Risk factors for work related MSDs with specific reference to dentistry include stress, poor flexibility, improper positioning, infrequent breaks, repetitive movements, weak postural muscles, prolonged awkward postures and improper adjustment of equipment. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries (RSJ), which can develop over time and can lead to long term disability. This article discusses the important issues of postures and offers different methods to ergonomize the dental operatory so as to work with comfort, efficiency and ease. Key words: Ergonomics, MSD, CTD, Prolonged static postures (PSP).

2

Authors: Rohit Rai

SELF-PLAGIARISM

4

Authors: Rohit Sharma,Sumit Kumar Yadav,Achla Bharti Yadav,Neal Bharat Kedia,Kshitij Jhamb,Alka Kaushik

Use of mini-plates is being used for quite some time in treating facial fractures. However, as with every procedure, this procedure is also associated with various complications, which might be due to failure of compliance on the part of the patient, or iatrogenic. One such iatrogenic complication, which has not been reported so far in the literature, is the placement of the screw in to an otherwise healthy tooth, which later on might even lead to extraction of the tooth. Key words: Iatrogenic injury, Bone Screw, Mini-plate

5

Authors: Sumit Yadav,Davender Kumar ,Achla Bharti Yadav ,Rekha Sharma,Monika khangwal,Parul punia ,Ravinder solanki

One of the most challenging situations in orthodontics is posterior crowding caused by a buccally erupted second permanent molar. The conventional approach, with labial fixed appliances, requires complicated first, second, and third order bends in the arch wire to align the tooth without extruding it. Other possibilities include intra- or interarch latex cross-elastics. Since these mechanics all involve a vertical force vector, however, they can produce unwanted extrusion of the second molar. We have developed a simple chair-side clinical technique for correction of buccal crossbite of maxillary second molar. Key words: Buccal crossbite,Correction,Maxillary Second Molar.

5

Authors: Hakan Kamalak, Mehmet Gökhan Tekin

Traumatic dental injuries occurring to the anterior teeth is a condition frequently encountered. Due to trauma patients are affected both physically and psychologically. Traumatized teeth are being treated with fiber posts, composite build up and crown restoration techniques usually after endodontic treatment. In such cases treatment alone is not enough, should be approached in a multidisciplinary manner. In this case report, fiber post applications and its restoration with composite resin after root canal treatment of crown fracture containing pulp are described. Key words: Trauma, Fiber Posts, Composite Restorations, Trauma Classifications

6

Authors: Sudeep CB , Anzil KS Ali , Vivek S,Ambalavanan P , Vivek Suku Ninan , Fajar Ummer

Introduction: The etiology of dental caries as well as dental erosion share a common back ground that is nature of the saliva. “Good health means good and fresh food” this concept has given way to an alarming increase in the consumption of fruit juices, energy drink and sports drink. Fall in the salivary pH after any dietary intake is a crucial parameter for oral health. With this in mind the following study is proposed to be conducted to determine the difference in pH of saliva, following intake of three types of beverages. Materials and Methods: Stimulated saliva of the subjects was collected in sterile glass bottles after they chewed one gram of paraffin wax prior to the consumption of beverage as a baseline score. Then the subjects were asked to consume assigned beverage and the salivary sample of each subject was collected in separate sterile glass bottles after 2 minute, 5 minute, 10 minute and 15 minute of beverage consumption. Results: In the present study the Beverage (B-3) which is a carbonated beverage showed maximum drop in salivary pH when compared to the other two test drinks. Conclusion: The results suggest that all three available form of beverage caused significant drop in salivary pH. Key words: Fruit juice, Salivary pH, Oral Health, Dental Caries, Dental Erosion

6

Authors: Falcón Guerrero BE

The fusion between molars is a rare anomaly in the permanent dentition, so a literature review was performed in order to understand the present clinical case where a dental fusion between symptomatic retained third molar and a fourth molar is described. Where after clinical evaluation and radiographic study of fused molar extraction is performed Key words: Dental fusion, Third molar, Fourth molar, Surgery.

7

Authors: V Salgotra, S Kohli, R Agrawal, S Mandal

Cancer, one of the most formidable disease affecting mankind today, has not spared any age group, nor has it left untouched any organ of the body. Cancer is a scourge that affects millions of the world population. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Radiation therapy has been used alone, or with the surgery or chemotherapy for the combined treatment modality. The major morbidities associated with radiation therapy are altered taste and permanent xerostomia. To overcome these limitations, new treatment regimens and a variety of new imaging modalities have been incorporated into the radiotherapy planning and delivery process. This paper provides an insight about the advances made in the field of radiation therapy for the management of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Key words: Radiation therapy, oral Cancer, Oropharyngeal cancer, image guided radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy

7

Authors: Dakshayani MB, Yogesh DT,Achla Bharti Yadav,Sumit Kumar Yadav,Vikas Setia,Neal Bharat Kedia

Management of avulsed tooth in the permanent dentition is a critical phase for the prognosis. For successful treatment such cases should be identified and treated immediately. This article gives a detailed immediate management of an avulsed permanent incisor with a follow up of 2yrs. Key words: Injuries, tooth avulsion therapy, tooth replantation.

8

Authors: Soumik Kabasi,Pradeep Tangade,Manu Batra,Aasim Farooq Shah

Tobacco, the world’s biggest preventable killer, described as the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with the World Bank predicting over 450 million tobacco-related deaths in the next fifty years. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) emphasizes the vital contribution of participation of health professional bodies, as well as training and healthcare institutions in tobacco control efforts. The WHO programme contains several activities for controlling tobacco-related diseases; importantly, emphasis is given to tobacco prevention activities in schools and development of national and community-based tobacco programmes in low and middle income countries. The Government of India through “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003” has provisions to prohibit the sale of tobacco products to minors as well as within 100 yards of any educational institution. Even large cigarette tax increases would result in both substantially higher quitting rates and a considerable drop in smoking intensity. Moreover, counseling from a health professional is an effective method of helping patients quit the tobacco habit. Dentists can play an important role in helping patients quit using tobacco. The dental office is an ideal setting for tobacco cessation services since preventive treatment services, oral screening, and patient education have always been a large part of the dental practice. Tobacco cessation activities should be as natural as oral hygiene measures in dental offices. Nevertheless, monitoring of effective planning and execution of programmes by appropriate authorities at regular intervals is vital for successful achievement of the goal of “Tobacco Free Society.” Key words: Tobacco. Tobacco control, India, Community

11

Authors: Nimitt Baldota,Vikas Bendgude

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare three different formulation of calcium hydroxide materials commonly used for filling the root canals of primary teeth for antimicrobial efficacy against some of the microorganisms commonly found in infected root canals. Study design: In this experimental in vitro study four root canal filling materials were tested for antimicrobial efficacy against five microbial strains using the agar diffusion method. Results: Zinc oxide eugenol paste exhibited the strongest antimicrobial potential followed by metapex, calasept plus, vitapex Conclusions: All the test filling materials demonstrated varying antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. Zinc oxide eugenol paste and materials containing zinc oxide were found to be more effective against the microorganisms compared to materials with calcium hydroxide . Key words: antimicrobial efficacy, root filling materials, primary teeth

14

Authors: Tohina Mujoo,Vasudev Ballal

Root canal therapy of a tooth relies on proper instrumentation, irrigation and obturation of the root canal. Debridement of the canal is the main step during treatment to completely eliminate the source of infection. Proper biomechanical preparation is initiated to shape the canal and remove the bacteria to prevent periapical infections. Root canal irrigants are used after the mechanical instrumentation is done, to eradicate the remaining debris out of the canal. Various irrigants have been used such as sodium hypochlorite, saline and chlorhexidine, just to name a few. Unfortunately, none of these irrigants meet the ideal requirements of today; hence, new developments have been introduced for the reduction of inflammation and infection. This review will shadow upon the various advancements established recently to fulfill the treatment goal of disinfection in the root canal. Key words: biomechanical preparation, chlorhexidine, debridement, infection, sodium hypochlorite, saline.

19

Authors: Pasquale Venuti

Objective. The purpose of this dynamic prospective cohort study was: 1) to follow-up a large number of initial endodontic treatments performed by a single operator, periodically checked over a 12-years period, using a zinc oxide-eugenol-formaldehyde endodontic cement; 2) to correlate outcome to a number of clinical variables and 3) to correlate outcome to Toronto studies outcome. Study design. This prospective study included all consecutive cases the author had been treating from 2000 to 2010, period with a follow-up to 10-years. Results. The overall rate of success ranged from 98% at first year follow-up to 85% at ten year follow-up. The recall rate varied from 90% of the first year to 52% of the 10 year. The success rate was not correlated with status of the pulp, sex and gender and type of root filling. The success rate was negatively correlated with posterior teeth and with the absence of full coverage. The overall success rate a 4-6 years follow-ups was higher than in Toronto studies. Conclusions. The obtained long-term success rate was comparable to other studies, notwithstanding root canal treatments have been performed in a general dental practice by a low-experienced clinician. Key words: formaldehyde, endodontic, cohort, prospective

2

Authors: Davender Kumar1, Sumit Yadav2, Monika Khangwal3, Ravinder Solanki4 Yashanshi Khanna5

The treatment of Class III malocclusions consists mainly of repositioning the mandible posteriorly, advancing maxilla or both. [1] Since maxillary and mandibular surgical procedures are equally predictable and stable, a differential diagnosis and a corresponding treatment plan are most important.[2,3] Stability is dependent upon appropriate assessment of the patient in three planes of space- the anteroposterior, the vertical, and the transverse. To check the accomplishment of Pre-surgical objectives, a check model is often needed. We have devised a fairly simple technique of checking the Maxillo-mandibular relation intraorally, which is difficult in Class III and open bite cases.

4

Authors: Rajesh.B.Dhirawani1, Bhushan Thakkar2, Gaurav Lalwani3, Sanyog Pathak4

Animal bite wounds pose a challenge for surgeons because of the varying character of organisms present at the surgical site that gets transmitted from the animals saliva.also due to the short stature of childrens , they are more vulnerable for such accidents.the nature of such wounds is unpredictable. These wounds pose a higher risk of getting infected superimposed with the nature of devitalized tissue present. Thorough cleansing of the surgical site, meticulous but not overzealous debridement, primary closure, proper antibiotic therapy, tetanus injection ,rabies immunoglobulin and administration of rabies vaccination where indicated remains the gold standard of treatment for animal bite wounds. Here we present and discuss the management of a facial dog bite wound in a 2 year old child and the outcome following the treatment. Key words: Dog Bite, Rabies Prophylaxis.

6

Authors: Jazib Nazeer1, Vijay Prakash2, Soumen Mandal3, Abhishek Prakash4

Myoepithelial cells are smooth muscle like cells having epithelial origin. They are present in salivary glands, mammary gland, sweat gland and lacrimal gland. Myoepithelial cells are stellate or spindle shaped with 4 to 8 cytoplasmic processes. They play vital role during expulsion of saliva and regulates the electrolytic exchange. They also act as tumor suppressor and are considered very important role in differentiation of various salivary gland tumors and help in diagnosis of tumors. Key words: Myoepithelial cell, Salivary gland tumor, Pleomorphic Adenoma

7

Authors: Abhishek Prakash1, Priyanka Gupta2, Vijay Prakash3, Shubham Sharma4

As the era of the “kill or cure” approach to conventional cancer therapy draws to a close, the era of natural medicine focusing on biologically supportive therapies is making clear inroads into mainstream oncology. Conventional therapies weaken the body over time, alternative non-toxic nutritional therapies build up the body’s anti-cancer defence. Not all health problems are avoidable. However, good nutrition and an overall healthful lifestyle can lower all odds of developing cancer. Key words: Cancer, Diet, Anticancer.

7

Authors: Ahmad EL-Nassry1, Abrar EL-Gedaily2

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease characterized by the presence of IgG tissue and type VII collagen antibodies. It is rare in humans and animals with an incidence ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 new cases per million and per year. In this case 2 years male patient came to the dental pediatric department complaining of itchy pain related to his oral mucosa and toothache. Key words: Epidermolysis Bullosa Aquisita(EBA), childhood, immunofluorescence.

8

Authors: Neal Bharat Kedia1, Sumit Kumar Yadav2, Achla Bharti Yadav3

Soft-tissue lasers have numerous applications in orthodontics, including gingivectomy, frenectomy, operculectomy, papilla flattening, uncovering temporary anchorage devices, ablation of aphthous ulcerations, exposure of impacted teeth, and even tooth whitening. As an adjunctive procedure, laser surgery has helped many orthodontists to enhance the design of a patient’s smile and improve treatment efficacy. Before incorporating soft-tissue lasers into clinical practice, the clinician must fully understand the basic science, safety protocol, and risks associated with them. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview regarding safe and proper use of soft-tissue lasers in orthodontics. Key words: Laser, Orthodontics.

8

Authors: Vincy Antony1, Prathapan Parayaruthottam2

Treatment of Angle’s Class I malocclusion with its varied manifestations presents us with different situations for which we have to formulate a treatment plan tailor-made to the particular patient. This particular patient presents us with severe proclination and spacing of upper anteriors which had affected her profile and lip competence considerably. Treatment goal was attained by restoring normal overjet and overbite thus improving not only the function but also enhancing her profile which was her major concern at the start of treatment. Key words: Angle’s Class I malocclusion, Proclination, Lip trap swallow, Incisor Classification.

9

Authors: Hicham Nuaimi1 , Paridhi Garg2

Objectives: To investigate the effect of storing three months in organic media (coffee) on color stability of a nano resin based composite with novel monomer when compared with conventional one. Methods: Initial color was recorded for specimens fabricated from nano resin based composite with novel monomer and conventional one. Specimens were stored at 37 C in coffee, for 3 months. Color changes were categorized using the CIE Lab color system. Data were submitted to analysis of variance for repeated measures, one-way ANOVA test (a = 0.05). Results: The methacrylate-based resins based composites with novel monomers stored in coffee were significantly more stable by coffee than conventional methacrylate- based composites. They showed that ΔE of Venus Diamond (ΔE= 4.816 ± 0.568) was less than ΔE of Filtek Z350 XT (ΔE= 6.067 ± 0.725). There were no significant changes observed in ΔE both Venus Diamond composite and Filtek Z 350 XT. (P =0.05). Conclusions: There were a slight effect of the immersion solution was noticed on color change in one of highest aggressive organic beverage materials. Color stability is material dependent. Key words: Color changes, Beverages, Resin based composite, TCD- monomer.

9

Authors: Shivangi Chaudhary1, Rohit Mittal2, Mansha Mohan3, Abhinav Chauhan4

As new materials and processing techniques are steadily being introduced, the technological evolution of ceramics for dental applications has been remarkable. The interest of dental research in metal-free restorations has been rising following the introduction of innovative all-ceramic materials in the daily practice. In particular, high strength ceramics and related CAD/CAM techniques have widely increased the clinical indications of metal-free prostheses, showing more favourable mechanical characteristics compared to the early ceramic materials. The purpose of the present paper is providing a brief review on the all-ceramic dental materials from their evolution to their revolution. Key words: Dentistry; ceramic, porcelain fused to metal, zirconia, aesthetics.

10

Authors: Anup N1, Gautam Biswas2, Himanshu Kumawat3, Swasti Tambi4

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of a new multi-directional power toothbrush in reducing plaque when compared to a standard manual toothbrush control in a single brushing design. Methods: This was a randomized, replicate use, single-brushing, two-treatment, double blinded crossover clinical trial at a single center. Qualified subjects entered an acclimation phase, after which they were randomly assigned to one of four treatment sequences specifying the order of use of the two test toothbrushes: a novel multi-directional power toothbrush with a 2-D drive and an American Dental Association (ADA) reference soft manual brush. Subjects used each brush twice over the course of the trial. At each of the four period visits, after abstaining from oral hygiene for 24 hours, participants received a baseline (pre-brushing) Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) examination. They then brushed under supervision with the brush assigned for that period for 2 minutes (multi-directional power brush) or as customary (manual brush control). Subjects were then re-examined for TMQHPI post-brushing to determine the plaque removal efficacy of the respective brushes. A washout phase of 2-5 days separated treatment periods. Results: All 36 randomized subjects completed the study and were fully evaluable. Both the multi-directional power and manual control brushes produced statistically significant mean whole mouth TMQHPI plaque reductions compared to baseline (P< 0.001). Comparing the brushes, the power brush provided a 7.9% significantly superior mean whole mouth plaque reduction relative to the manual brush control (P= 0.003). Conclusion:Thus for those patients desiring both a recognizable manual-like brushing experience and robust cleaning, the new multi-directional power toothbrush supplies the requested familiarity combined with significantly better plaque removal efficacy for improved gingival health. Key words: Power toothbrush, plaque, manual toothbrush.

12

Authors: Mohit Singh1, Mansha Mohan2, Shivangi Choudhary 3,Rohit mittal4

The technology is now available to run a practice almost paper free. It is theoretically possible to store clinical notes, photographs, and radiographs; and study models on disc, and refer or consult online. In recent years, it has developed significantly into the major dental branch, currently used by the increasing number of dentists and dental technicians worldwide. Digitalization has become a part and parcel of contemporary prosthodontics with the probability of most of the procedures being based on the digital techniques in the near future. X rays or photographs, making impressions, recording jaw movements or fabricating prosthesis, educating and training new dentists or patient motivation for practice build up; all has become digital. CAD-CAM was first patented in dentistry followed by various other technologies like CT, CBCT. It has revolutionized not just the ceramic technology, but has also been used for the CAD-CAM implant surgeries, maxillofacial prosthesis and diagnostic splints. Key words: Prosthodontics, Digitization, CAD/CAM Technology, CBCT, Optical Impression.