INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering

9-16

Authors: Tolvaly-Roșca, F.; Pásztor, J.

Ensuring pyrotechnical conditions, as well soil preservation and protection are obtained by adjusting working parameters with appropriate fuel consumption. Efforts have been made to study the physical phenomena that occur during the work with active machinery, including the determination of cutting trajectories, shapes and dimensions of soil slices. A stated purpose of numerous studies is to track not only the economic aspects, but also the environmental aspects of burning fossil fuels. The paper proposes a CAD approach to study the geometrical dimensions that characterize the minimum tillage, their connections to the kinematic parameters, and highlights the connection between the specific cutting surface and the energy consumption.

27-36

Authors: Cerempei, V.; Molotcov, Iu.

There are presented the results of the bibliographical and theoretical research of the methods of liquid substances dosage. Based on the research were elaborated the method and continuing dosage installation of multicomponent mixtures to obtain liquid biofuel of high quality and minimum cost. In the proposed "Biomixt" installation the liquids flow is provided by the pressure reduction (suction) at the pump inlet. The theoretical analysis and experimental research of the installation allowed the justification of hydrodynamic parameters (cross-sectional area S of the pipes, pressure difference delta р, type of fluid flow Re>10000), that provides the needed ratio of the components with the error delta<0.5%.

45-56

Authors: Golub G.A., Chuba V.V., Marus O.A.

It was developed the mathematical model of Machine-tractor unit (MTU) work dynamics based on the analysis of the forces acting at ploughing works. The model reflects the relationship between the operational and structural parameters of the MTU and the properties of the agro-technological environment and the type of fuel that is used. Modeling allows selecting the rational composition of the MTU and predicting the effective performance of its operation modes, depending on the parameters of the agro-technological environment and the type of fuel.

63-74

Authors: Dorokhov, A.S.; Sibirev, A.V.; Aksenov, A.G.

The tasks of designing complex dynamic systems (an agricultural machine, a car, a metalworking machine) are always multi-criteria, since choosing a reliable option needs taking into account many various requirements for the technical systems. The methodologies and methods of dynamic systems research are currently improving due to the need in developing a functional component that takes into account the unlimited possibilities of computers, in some cases changing over to “virtual reality”. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of a promising heuristic approach to the assessment of functional relationships between the functioning elements of dynamic systems and variables describing the state of a given system. Technological production processes can be considered as a dynamic system containing resistance forces. In dynamic systems (machines), a transitory phenomenon occurs when starting and stopping, when switching from one mode to another, as well as when resetting or increasing the working load. In many cases, when studying transitory phenomena in dynamic systems, it is convenient to use not the classical method of integrating differential motion equations, but an operational calculus based on a promising area of applied mathematics – artificial neural networks, and one of the promising methods for the development and design of various dynamic systems is simulation by artificial neural networks. The technological process model for onion harvesting machines presented by artificial neural networks is able to assess the qualitative indicators, separate functioning elements of the cleaning machine performance out of input factors with different physical nature, while further research is based on previous model constructions. The methodology for modeling working processes of dynamic systems by using artificial neural networks in the form of reality objects significantly expands the opportunities for arrangement and reuse of the results obtained, makes it possible to use the analytical apparatus of the information theory (message transmission in the presence of interference) for searching and optimizing the design and operating parameters of the machines under development.

83-92

Authors: Liu Peng, Zhang Zhiqiang, He Jin, Li Hongwen, Wang Qingjie, Lu Caiyun, Lou Shangyi, Liu Wenzheng, Cheng Xiupei

Aiming at solving the problem of corn straw uneven-distribution of straw retention machine in North China, based on kinematic analysis, the straw spreading process and its straw dynamics model was studied. Then, effects of spreading angle (SA), spreading deflection angle (SDA) and height of guide vane (HGV) on straw spreading distance, width and uniformity were analyzed. Taking SA, SDA and HGV as experimental factors, the straw spreading distance, width and uniformity were used as experimental indicators. Then the optimization experiment of Box-Behnken design corresponding surface was conducted to obtained batter operating parameter of experimental factors. Simultaneously, mathematical regression model of experimental factors and indicators was established. The test results shown that SA, SDA and HGV had extremely significant effects on width, distance and uniformity of straw spreading, respectively; The SA had extremely significant effect on straw spreading uniformity, the SDA and HGV had significant effect on straw spreading uniformity; The interaction between SA and SDA had extremely significant effect on straw spreading distance and significant effect on spreading uniformity. Furthermore, through parameter optimization test, the better combination of parameters of SA, SDA and HGV were 20°, 11.51°, and 1.12m, respectively. By field test under working condition of better parameters combination, the test results shown that width, distance and uniformity of straw spreading was 2.58m, 3.89m and 95.8%, respectively. The error between the test and theoretical prediction value was less than 5%, proved the accuracy of the model. The study can provide theoretical reference for parameters design of straw choppers.

115-114

Authors: Honghao, Liu; Kaixing, Zhang; Xianxi, Liu; Zhenghe, Song

The problem of long design cycle, low efficiency and poor knowledge reusability still exists in China, in the process of agricultural machinery design. The reuse retrieval method designed for agricultural equipment CAD model is proposed to improve agricultural machinery digital design. Since agricultural machinery CAD model has internal coupling and local similarity attributes resulting in low performance of general retrieval methods, the Monte-Carlo light simulation method is utilized to extract CAD model partial features. Firstly, the light propagation process in different mediums was quantitatively analysed with optical parameters. Then how light propagates in complex agricultural CAD model was simulated according to Monte-Carlo method. After that the CAD model feature could be extracted with partial propagation information for design reuse retrieval. Finally, the proposed reuse retrieval method was evaluated on retrieval precision, recall and E-measure with particular agricultural model dataset. The results showed that the accuracy of proposed method was higher than that of general model retrieval approaches. Sphere constrained space and 10000 photon packets were shown to be the optimal feature extraction parameters for agricultural CAD model. The final design application results indicated that the proposed method could particularly satisfy agricultural CAD rapid design requirement, which is more suitable for offline complex agriculture CAD model retrieval. This paper is expected to provide a fine-grained, intelligent and visual method for agricultural machinery CAD management, promoting automatic and intelligent design of agricultural machinery manufacturing industry.

121-128

Authors: Cârdei, Petru; Stefan, Vasilica; Popa, Lucretia; Ciupercă, Radu

This article presents the results of statistical modeling using experimental results obtained with an organic fertilizer spreading machine having a spreading device that consists of vertical helical rotors. Exposed statistical models are embodied in functions that connect input parameters, command parameters and output parameters of the process in order to estimate machine qualities and optimize the working process. It also shows global qualitative results, along with the profiling of some research methods on experiment groups characterized by different sets of values of the considered working regime parameters.

137-146

Authors: Rogovskii, I.L.; Titova, L.L.; Trokhaniak, V.I.; Rosamaha, Yu.O.; Blesnyuk, O.V.; Ohiienko, A.V.

The paper covers process flowsheets and design implementation of two-phase coulter systems of seeding machines for precision farming technologies. A mathematical model of the movement of a two-phase coulter system has been developed and simulation modelling has been conducted. As a result, the ability of a two-phase coulter system to operate a specified working mode, if such operating parameters as, for example, the amplitude and the frequency of irregularities entering a coulter system, the mass of a slot cutter and an indenting disk, a damping coefficient, an amplification coefficient etc. are changed, given that there are systematic and random errors of measuring and control elements, has been determined. Technology evaluation of a two-phase coulter system operation was conducted in the field environment by determining the variation coefficients of a seeding depth, the distance between plants in a row, field germination capacity and the average soil consistency in the area of a plant location. Technical and economic assessment of the application of a two-phase coulter system on row-crop seeding machines has been conducted.

155-166

Authors: Qiyue, Sun; Tinghui, Wu; Xiuguo, Zou; Xinfa, Qiu; Heyang, Yao; Shikai, Zhang; Yuning, Wei

In view of the two problems existing in the tracing of yellow feather broilers in the flat breeding house: the first is the fast location of yellow feather broilers and the second is the tracking accuracy. In this paper, the foreground detection method based on colour features and YOLOv3 algorithm is used to quickly identify yellow feather broilers respectively, and then Kalman filter and Hungarian matching algorithm are used to track yellow feather broilers in the flat breeding house. The traditional algorithm has a poor recognition effect on the aggregation behaviour of broilers, resulting in poor follow-up tracking effect. Through YOLOv3 training and detection, the aggregated broilers can be well separated. The detection precision and recall rate are 98.8% and 87.5% respectively, far exceeding the accuracy and recall rate of the traditional algorithm. The model combining YOLOv3 and tracking algorithm can quickly and accurately identify and track the yellow feather broilers in the flat breeding house, which provides a new method for the detection of the movement rule and motion trail of the yellow feather broilers.

177-186

Authors: Li, Liu; Jianxing, Li; Zhengkun; Li; Qunming, Liu; Yinggang, Shi; Yongjie, Cui

Robotic simulations are an effective approach to validate various models and design schemes. A tomato sorting Delta parallel mechanism was validated in this study for the purposes of end-effector motion planning via simulation analysis. Real-world conditions of the robot as well as its forward and inverse kinematics were obtained, followed by simulation analysis to determine whether its workspace meets relevant operation requirements. The motion trajectory of the end-effector is planned according to the simulation results and the motion requirements for tomato sorting. A sine modified trapezoidal acceleration curve is applied as the motion law on the arc trajectory of the end-effector; said motion trajectory is found to be smooth and conducive to stable running of the robot based on MATLAB software analysis. A prototype was designed based on the simulation results and utilized to successfully complete 31 sorting tasks in one minute while smoothly and stably running.

195-202

Authors: Nedelcu, A.; Cârdei, P.; Ciupercă, R.; Ştefan, V.; Zaica, A.

In this article, the authors present the results of research on Chlorella Vulgaris algae growing technology in open system with cascade type pilot installation, Bold Basal Medium (BBM), culture agitation by recirculation and ambient temperature (with minimal warming). In the experiments were identified monitoring elements necessary to provide information that can lead to mathematical models of algal growth which can demonstrate the viability of the cultivation system and which can be used to optimize algae culture growing technology. In this article, an elementary statistical model for prediction, by linear regression, of algal biomass concentration is also presented. Prediction can be the basis for creating a more complex, largely deterministic model. The article presents results that will support mathematical models that can optimize the cultivation systems of these algae. Statistical models (linear or nonlinear regressions) can be useful and precise in automated production systems only when used in working intervals corresponding to the experimental ones.

213-222

Authors: Bao, Xuanbin; Zhao, Xiangyu; He, Jin; Li, Hongwen; Wang, Qingjie; Liu, Wenzheng

Straw returning is an effective option to avoid straw open burning during harvest seasons and has been widely implemented all over the world. This study developed a plowing and rotary tillage combined machine, which could bury the straw, break the soil and prepare the soil for planting in one operation. The machine consists of plowing component, rotary component and power transmission system. The plow component was designed by the response surface analysis, which analyzed the influence of different contour line of plow surface on the burying effect and the working resistance at the speeds of 0.8m/s, 1.0m/s and 1.2m/s respectively. In combination with the working effect of the plow component, the rotary blades were arranged by the method of 4n±2. The orthogonal test results showed that the C-plow surface has the best burying effect at 1m/s. The field tests showed that the machine had a straw burying rate of 91%, surface roughness was 0.564, fuel consumption was 43.41 kg/ha and the soil-breaking rate reached 96.08%; all the performance indexes met the design requirements. The study can provide theoretical reference for parameters design of plowing and rotary tillage combined machine.

231-238

Authors: Najjar, Yousef; Irbai, Abdelrahman

Grain drying is essential for preserving grains. In this work, heat, and mass transfer analysis is done for a thin layer dryer that consists of radiated semi-cylindrical wall and two individual flat plates at the base. The grain plate is a conveyor bed, whereas the other plate is a heater. The radiation heat transfer from the heated plate is used to remove the moisture. The plate temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient are calculated under different operating conditions. At design conditions, the required heat flux for evaporating the moisture content is 0.89 of the radiation heat flux from the plate.

247-258

Authors: Cârdei, P.; Găgeanu, I.; Voicu, Gh.; Matache, M.

The paper presents the results on the systemic and statistic modelling of the process of pelleting fir tree sawdust powder. A systemic model is presented, specifying the inputs, commands and outputs. Based on experimental result, it is then attempted to perform a statistical modelling only using the technique of linear and nonlinear regressions. Results for the performances of qualitative modelling and estimations of system (pelleting process) behaviour are displayed, as well as some limitations on using statistic modelling based on regression technique. Although some results can appear as interesting, it is shown that any interesting point in the space of input and command parameters (point that is convenient or even optimal in exploitation) should be experimentally checked in the sense of verifying the properties highlighted by the functions found. This means that any theoretically convenient parametric combination should be experimentally validated through high resolution experiments.

273-284

Authors: Biocca, M.; Fanigliulo, R.; Pochi, D.; Gallo, P.

The treatment of seed (seed dressing) is an effective way to control pests and diseases in the early stages of plant life. However, during sowing operations, emission of abraded pesticide-containing dust particles can occur, causing contamination of air, water and other natural resources, including honeybees and other pollinating insects. Among several factors involved in dust drift, a central role is played by the seeder machines. This review article presents an overview of various aspects linked to the phenomenon of dust emission and drift from pesticide seed dressing during sowing and its consequences. The review focuses on the dust drift mitigating devices applied on precision pneumatic drills, highlighting the contribution of agricultural engineering studies on this specific topic.

293-302

Authors: Cebro Irwin Syahri, Mandang Tineke, Hermawan Wawan, Desrial

The use of two-wheel tractors to cultivate terraced rice fields is still experiencing difficulties, especially the complexity of mobilization and the problem of moving the tractor from the lower plots to the upper plots that must climb the steep embankment. This study aims to improve the performance of two-wheel tractors when climbing the slopes, by modifying the handlebar. Modified tractor handlebar can be hoisted with a locking hinge mechanism so that the handlebar angle of inclination to normal position can be adjusted to 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. Simulation of the tractor’s handlebar position when starting up the slope was done using AutoCAD software. Modified two-wheel tractors were tested for the ease of climbing the slope, and compared to the tractor with a rigid handlebar. The results of the performance test showed that the adjustable handlebar could climb the slope of 45° and 57° slope angle, while the tractor with fixed handlebar failed to climb. When starting up the slope, the position of the operator can remain standing (not necessarily bending) when operating the two-wheel tractor with the adjustable handlebar. The tractor with adjustable handlebar could climb slopes better and easier than the tractor with the fixed handlebar.