INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering

6

Authors: Żelaziński T., Ekielski A., Siwek A., Stachelska M., Florczak I.

The aim of the study was to produce extruded material with the highest possible content of spelt and to examine the qualitative properties of the products obtained. Tests were carried out on a synchronous twin-screw extruder with L:D ratio 27, at different temperatures, screw speed, material feeding and raw material moisture. To determine the quality properties there were used parameters such as density, expansion, WSI and WAI, water activity and porosity. The results were promising, all the products were characterized by a high degree of water-holding capacity, and their quality was similar to conventional corn extrudates

8

Authors: Vasylkovska K.V., Lect.Ph.D.Eng. Leshchenko S.M., Vasylkovskyi O.M.,Petrenko D.I.

The article presents the key tendencies of improving machines for subsoil basic tillage and sowing machines in order to implement resource-saving cultivation technologies and the basics of harvest forecasting. The suggested design of the combined chisel deep tiller with additional deformers and twin toothed rollers enable achieving better quality indicators of tillage while cultivating heavy soil. The new pneumatic and mechanical sowing device with peripheral layout of cells on the seeding disk and passive device for taking out excess seeds by centering method, was developed. The new sowing device assures even distribution of seeds on the feeding area. The article presents key results of the research and recommendations for application of the suggested machines.

8

Authors: Popovych P.V., Lyashuk O.L., Murovanyi I.S., Dzyura V.O., Shevchuk O.S., Myndyuk V.D.

The analytical models to determine the residual service life of metal undercarriages of open profile fertilizer spreaders at exposure in organic and mineral fertilizers environments are developed. The service life of rail elements is considered as the sum of periods of formation and subcritical growth of fatigue cracks. The formulae for determining stress intensity factors near existing cracks are developed, as well as the formulae for determining the service life of “Z” cross section and “Ώ” cross section. The kinetic equations for determining the formation and distribution periods are deduced. When examining the calculations, it was found that mineral fertilizers in comparison with organic ones greatly reduce the service life of elements under study.

8

Authors: Polyevoda Y.A., Hurych A.J., Kutsyy V.M.

In the article, we sustained the heat exchange process and regime parameters and defined the changing patterns of temperature characteristics of the pressure in the working area in terms of vapour-contacting heating in container.

8

Authors: Kadirova S. Y.

The influence of the moisture in the process of thermal-moisture treatment of oilseed material has been determined. The behaviour of the electronic system for adjustment of oilseed moisture has been investigated. For this purpose, experimental data on the current moisture values have been obtained in treatment period via grain sample method. The obtained experimental data have been statistically compared with the simulation results from a model, which describes the thermal-moisture process.

8

Authors: Zolotovs’ka O.V., Kharytonov M., Onyshchenko O.

Pilot-scale trial data on combined energy cycle – adjustment for boiler system for pyrolysis gas use had demonstrated technical feasibility of implementation of combined energy cycles for facilities where secondary agricultural residues are available in sufficient quantities. The results of the energetic analysis of technologies of gas production from solid biomass through the pyrolysis are considered. Examples of the introduction of the technology of direct gasification of secondary agricultural residues and wood (buckwheat husk, rice husk, sunflower husk, sawdust) are shown. It was determined that optimal technological conditions for low-temperature pyrolysis processes depend on character of the feedstock and moister content in the feedstock. Temperature and pressure pulsing were found to be most important parameters that influence gas quality and yield during pyrolysis process and optimized through developing of mathematical equations describing the process.

10

Authors: Ma Shibang, Xue Dangqin, Wang Xu, Xu Yang

A rapid and non-destructive method based on hyperspectral scattering technique for determination of beef freshness (i.e.TVB-N) was studied in this study. Hyperspectral images of 60 beef samples stored at 4oC for 1-18 days were acquired using a VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging system in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm, and the scattering profiles of every wavelength were fitted to a Lorentzian distribution function to give three parameters a (asymptotic value), b (peak value) and c (full width at b/2). The single parameters (a, b or c) or their combined parameters (a+b/c or (b-a)/c) were used to develop least square-support vector machine (LS-SVM) models for prediction of beef freshness. The performance of a LS-SVM model developed using (b-a)/c was the best among all the tested models, showing Rc=0.91, Rp=0.86, SEC=5.83 mg/100 g and SEP=5.21 mg/100 g. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameter (b-a)/c for developing a GA-LS-SVM model, which performed best showing Rc=0.97, Rp=0.96, SEC=3.38 mg/100 g and SEP=3.85 mg/100 g. This study provided a new non-destructive method based on a hyperspectral imaging technique combined with a genetic algorithm for rapid prediction of beef freshness.

6

Authors: Kozelko Y., Usenko M.

The advantages and disadvantages of different designs of potato-planter apparatus are analyzed. A new design of the conveyor potato-planter apparatus with pinning devices is presented. The performances of potato-planters with this apparatus are defined, namely deviation from straightness of planted rows and deviation from the specified row width depending on the angle of slope and soil moisture

6

Authors: Hevko Iv.B., Dychun A.Y., Lyashuk O.L., Martsenko, Gypka A.B.

In this article the results of theoretical research of power parameters while forming the deflected outer contour of acrew workpiece are analysed in this article. The design of disk digger for cleaning the disks’ working surfaces isworked out. The advances of Г-shaped auger cleanersare substantiated. The power and kinematic computationof the suggested auger cleaners of disk digger of rootcrops is carried out.

8

Authors: Klendii M.B. , Klendii O.M.

A holistic analytical model of a concave disk, which is arranged in a three-dimensional coordinate system with a given direction of unit motion along OY-axis, has been developed. It includes the design parameters of a disk and the depth of soil tillage. An interrelation between an incidence angle and a roll angle of a disk under a set value of a back angle at field surface level has been determined.

8

Authors: Ivan Gh.

The researches regarding the threshing process made by tangential threshing system of conventional harvester combines had as result the obtaining of mathematical models, based on experimental data, expressed through functions that partially define this process. Moreover, for the threshing systems with multiple rotors, the mathematical modelling of threshing process made by them is more difficult. This paper presents a mathematical model of the threshing process made by the threshing system with multiple rotors of the Romanian combine C110ATM. The mathematical model was based on the experimental data gathered by INMA Bucharest in 2001.

8

Authors: Cardei P., Muraru V., Sfiru R., Muraru C., Ticu T.

This paper shows the role of numerical simulation of physical processes in the environmental awareness and education, emphasizing the right choice of its complexity depending on the level of depth at which should or can be done the exposure. The authors insist on the important role incumbent on incremental simulation (based on mathematical models as simple as possible) in environmental awareness and even in higher education field. The jump to complex simulators can be done only after knowing (which means to know a model and a simulator, that we will try to explain in the paper) the basic models, and the use of complex simulation is effective only within specialist teams including at least 2 -3 or more related fields. These views are supported in the paper with simulators and their use in practical case of pollution of a river simulation.

10

Authors: Zhou Shanshan, Liu Wenzhao, Lin Wen

Less and varied soil-water supply is the main limiting factor for crop production in the Loess Plateau of China. A field study on dryland spring maize was conducted to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching practice on maize growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), soil water storages (SWS) and the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) on the Changwu Tableland of the Loess Plateau in 2013. The T characteristics of maize were measured using the sap flow method. Results showed that plastic film mulching treatment had a seedling emergence rate of 98.1%, which was significantly higher than the 80.2% of the non-mulching treatment. Maize plants reached every growth stage earlier and the whole growth period was shortened by 14 days under plastic film mulching. Soil water storage was markedly higher in plastic mulching field than in non-mulching field before July. However, at reproductive stages soil water content within the 40-150 cm profile was lower under plastic film mulching because of relatively enhancement of root water absorption. The daily mean ET under plastic mulching was lower than that under non-mulching, whereas the daily mean T was the opposite. The T/ET of maize was 68.1% under non-mulching and 85.5% under plastic mulching from July to September. Under the same LAI, the T/ET of plastic mulcingh was greater than that under non-mulching conditions. The plastic mulching decreased ET but increased WUE by 89.8%. It was concluded that plastic mulching is beneficial for increasing available water and improving the yield of maize on the Loess Plateau.

10

Authors: Hu Jun, LI Hailiang, Song Yujie, Zhang Haibo, Zhang Zhongxuan, Khokan Kumer Sarker

In order to solve the problem consisting in the large amount of energy consuming of stubble-breaking cultivating machines, according to the current cultivation mode in the northeast China and the conservation tillage agriculture technical requirements, a self-driven stubble-breaking combined cultivating machine that can work with big-power tractors has been designed. Also, there were designed the transmission system, cutting stumbles device and self-driven wheel on the basis of calculating the size and analyzing the track of the moving parts; the speed range of stubble cutter shaft is 904~1365rad/min. Experiment results showed that the machine’s cutting stubbles rate is 92.30%, mashing clods rate is 95.03%, saved fuel consumption is about 25.3~33.8%, function and technology meet the requirements of corn no-till seeding of ridge culture area in northeast China. The results of the study have a great significance in reducing the agricultural equipment energy consumption, providing reference for the study of the corresponding high efficiency and energy saving of equipment.

6

Authors: Veringă D., Vintilă M., Popa L., Ştefan V., Petcu A.S.

The paper presents the Golden Delicious apples experimental researches, that aimed to emphasize apples behaviour at mechanical static or quasi-static compression stress and mechanical and rheological characteristics of fruits correlated to deficiencies determined (contusions, form distorsion), in order to anticipate their conduct in different practical situations.

6

Authors: Sokil M.B., Lyashuk O.L., Dovbush А.Р.

The developed technique makes possible to investigate the impact on oscillations of flexible elements of drive systems and transportation of nonlinear forces, the speed of longitudinal movement and perturbations of boundary conditions. Based on the obtained results it is proved that even for the linear analogue system the slowly time-dependent variable of the distance between the flexible elements (SE) contact points and the pulleys causes the change of the basic parameters of the waves. The limits of applying the wave theory of motion in the case of nonlinear oscillations of flexible elements of drive systems under slowly varying boundary conditions are expanded. The basic computations to analyze the main parameters of the dynamic process depending on motion speed of flexible element, tension force, and the ratio describing the motion principle of the contact point of flexible element and the pulley, are made.

8

Authors: Shvedyk M.

In the article the studies of crop losses causes during harvest are presented. It is established that a significant cause of grain loss is a non-simultaneous ripening in the wheat. Thus, during reel bats impacts on stalks, the largest and most valuable grains that ripen earliest are knocked out of the wheat and fall to the ground. It is established that these losses are significant and irreversible. The current technical condition of combine harvesters cannot eliminate these losses. To eliminate these losses, a new design of pneumatic collector has been proposed in the article. The principle of its work is based on the vacuum created. Due to the vacuum, the grains that were knocked out from the wheat by reel bats are sucked and sent into the cyclone.

8

Authors: Hevko Iv.B., Lyashuk O.L., Leshchuk R.Y., Rogatinska L.R., Melnychuk A.L.

Method of calculation of radius of bending for the flexible screw sectional conveyer was presented. Analytical dependencies for finding maximal turning radius in order to provide the reliable operation of the mechanism were defined. The stand construction for investigation of the angle of twist of the sectional operating members was developed. The effect of different construction parameters (section length, diameter) on their operating life characteristics as well as the comparative testing of different types screw operating elements (SOЕ) samples, were found. The technique of testing the working bodies of flexible screw conveyor sections for manufacturability of a construction, which provides a minimum bend radius of track transportation, was presented.

8

Authors: Yue Hongwei, Cai Ken, Lin Hanhui, Chen Zhihui, Zeng Zhaofeng

With the wide application of machine-vision technology in detecting agricultural plant diseases and insect pests in the field, this paper proposed an innovative approach for performing automatic segmentation of rice planthopper images. First, to weaken background interference, the Otsu approach was adopted to accomplish the preliminary segmentation. Then, a steerable filter was employed to improve the segmentation results of the feet and tentacles. Finally, by adding priori gray-level information, our proposed method improved the approximation capability of level-set-based evolution curves to targets. Results indicated that the approach adopted in this paper could clearly segment the contour of rice planthoppers.

10

Authors: Tverdokhlib I.V., Spirin A.V.

The article describes the technological process of operation of the improved disc grating apparatus aimed to grate seed of legume grasses and presents the results of analytical studies of its performance.

10

Authors: Wenhua Jia, Chenbo Yin, Binghui Jia , Guo Li, Dasheng Zhu, Song Zhang

To cope with the increasingly severe working environment confronting agricultural load tractors, load tractor design must consider the comprehensive influences of noise immunity, control precision, and power loss, among others, of hydraulic systems. A SY235 load tractor and a dual-spool multi-way valve-based prototype were applied as research objects in this research. The antisymmetric data processing function of AMESIM software was employed to update and replenish point data, while a cubic interpolation method was adopted to process the data. In addition, the displacement characteristics, inlet and outlet pressures, and energy consumption of each cylinder in the hydraulic systems of both load tractors equipped respectively with the dual-spool multi-way valve and single-spool multi-way valve were investigated. Meanwhile, a single action experiment was performed on the booms, bucket rods, and buckets of the two load tractors. A comparison of the real test with the simulation model demonstrated that the cylinder controlled by the dual-spool valve exhibited small pressure and power consumption and quick displacement response. Therefore, the cylinders controlled by the dual-spool multi-way valve system had quicker pressure response, smaller pressure and overshoot, and superior overall manipulability. Finally, retraction and external swinging experiments of the buckets were performed on the dual-spool experimental prototype. Experimental results demonstrated that the dual-spool multi-way valve system exhibited faster displacement response and more superior overall performance compared with the single-spool control system. The simulation model combined with the real vehicle experiment is of great significance to the further study of the static and dynamic characteristics and energy-saving performance of the dual-spool agricultural load tractor.