Sport Mont

6-11

Authors: Stojan Burnik, Milan Čoh, Andrej Karničar, Blaž Jereb

The study aimed to establish which tipes of training processes could help Slovenian touring skiers becoming placed among the top competitors. The semple consisted of 6 Slovenian competitors with a competitive career of at leest 5 years who had achieved exelent results at home and abroad.the date were gathered on the basis of motor variable and variants of the physiological variable of heart rate. Three measurements were made on the treadmill and other during a competition. The data were processed with the SPSS 10.0 programme, using the basic statistic method and the T-test for dependend samples. The results confirmed the suitability of the traing model.

25-32

Authors: Dragoljub Višnjić,Dragan Martinović,Jelena Ilić,Živorad Marković

The relations of students achievement and motivation for involvement in PE classes were examined in a sample of 247 seventh-grade elementary school students of both sexes. The independent variables in the study were: sex, general success of the previous grade, PE grade, students’ opinion on sufficiency of knowledge acquired through instruction process, students’ involvement in sport. The scale for measurement of motivation consisted of 29 items obtained by adaptation of the Scale for measurement of motives of sports’ achievement. Correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and chi square test were preformed. It was established that male students manifested higher motivation that the females. The assumptions: that females will have better PE grades that the male students; that students’ success was negatively related to involvement in sport; that PE grade was connected to involvement in sport; that general success was negatively related to students’ involvement in PE and that PE grade is positively related to students’ motivation for involvement in instruction, were not confirmed.

40-46

Authors: Đug Muris, Branimir Mikić, Biberović Alija, Zahirović Jasmin

The main goal of this research is determing levels of tranformation process of morphological characteristics, motoric and funkcional abilities of female students under influence of 6- months fitness program Dance aerobic. Tha sample for this research consists of 49 female students age 19-21 of Tuzla University. Results of this research show us that fitness programm Dance aerobic, afther 6-months of programming workout, on sample of 49 female students, produced statisticly significant partial quantative changes in tested anthropological characteristics.

51-57

Authors: Marko Šibila, Igor Justin, Maja Pori, Tanja Kajtna, Primož Pori

The aim of the present study is to identify the quality level-related differences between two groups of team handball goalkeepers in selected morphological body characteristics and motor abilities. A group of 36 senior goalkeepers who were members of first and second Slovenian handball league clubs (age: 22,6 ± 5,4 yr, height: 185,8 ± 4,7 cm, body weight: 88,7 ± 9,1 kg, training experience: 11,8 ± 4,8 yr) participated in the present study. The goalkeepers were divided in two groups, according to their competition level. The sample of variables consisted of age and competition experience data, four morphological body characteristics and of six motor ability tests. In order to determine differences between two groups of goalkeepers in selected morphologic and motor variables a one–way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was employed. Findings of the present study indicate existing of quality level-related differences between two groups of team handball goalkeepers in selected morphological body characteristics and motor abilities. Further individualization and careful planning of training process of the goalkeepers is essential if we want to improve for goalkeepers’ important motor abilities and morphological body characteristics.

63-69

Authors: Igor Štirn

Young water polo players at age 13 to 14 years were examined once a year in a four- year period using three morphological and eight specific skill tests: body height and mass, vital capacity, swimming at distances 5, 25 and 200 meters, swimming 4x5 meters with changing directions, ball dribbling, vertical jump and reach, vertical eggbeater kick and velocity of a throw at the goal. From the sum of 139 players tested, a group of 73 non-selected and of 66 selected players to the national team (U16, wider selection) were formed and checked for differences. Differences in all observed variables (except body mass) were found between the groups (P<0.05). One significant discriminant function was revealed (canonical R = 0.52) and the accounted variance was 100 %, P = 0.000. The variables that most differentiated the groups were swimming tests at distances of 25 and 200 meters, followed by vertical-egg beater kick and throwing velocity, while morphological variables differentiated the groups least.

75-81

Authors: Miroslav Kezunović

One of the most important goals of the treatment of sports injuries is athletes’ early return to normal sporting activities. Time when the athletes will return to normal sporting activities, after Achilles tendon acute rupture, depends on the level of sports involvement. Average time of return to sport is usually between 5-6 months after rupture. Patients, who are treated using postoperative functional cast, can expect an average return to their sport a month earlier than those who after surgery used solid cast immobilization. The most important signs that indicate possible slow rehabilitation process are the pain and swelling after activity and late recovery of the tissue.

92-97

Authors: Maja Pori, Boris Sila

The objective of the study was to investigate the frequency of participation in sport activity of Slovenes. The sample consisted of 1286 persons, 54% were women and 46% were men. To obtain the necessary data a questionnaire method was used. We focused on two groups of questions. The first group reffered to participation in sport activity in general (frequency of any sport activity) and the second group reffered to participation in a particular sport. The results show that 33% of Slovenes were regularly active, 31% occasionally active and 36% non-active. They were the most active in the following sport activities: walking, swimming, cycling, alpine skiing and mountaineering.

111-115

Authors: Goran Gojković, Branislav Radulović

As per sample of 212 examinees at the age of 11 (±6 months) at the fifth grade in Montenegrin elementary schools, it was used the system of 12 variables for the estimation of anthropometrical characteristis. The purpose of the examination was to establish differentiations between different students sex in the initial and final measuring. As for results given by using discriminant analysis and univariant analysis of variance on the anthropometrical student's status, it can be concluded that there's a statistical significant level in discrimination of subsamples of different sex.

122-127

Authors: Zoran Milošević, Nebojša Maksimović, Borislav Obradović, Nada Milošević

School sport is defined both by legal solutions giving form to the educational process of primary and secondary schools and by those dealing with sport issues directly. Importance of school is indicated by the fact that it is the place where sport is realized within a mass-like and humanist framework with non-commercial base. In view of high decade-long investments of institutions of the Republic and Province, especially the City of Novi Sad, into outdoor and indoor facilities for practicing physical education (sport), as well as high professional and educational level of the personnel directly involved in this process, one can rightly ask a question: IS SCHOOL A PLACE OFFERING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPORTS ACHIEVEMENTS TO CHILDREN AND YOUTH?

137-142

Authors: Peko Vujović, Miroslav Radoman

The aim of the research is to ascertain the manifested differences in the inner structure of the game and to establish and notify the tendencies of football game development movement by a comparative analysis, according to the manifested differences that examined according to the technical and tactics characteristics. The specimen is representative, thus the research includes the most successful national teams (semi-final and final) on XVI, XVII and XVIII World Football Championship. The analysis includes offensive playing, movements of certain players during the game, the way in which the ball is passed, the goalkeeper’s performance... This research has once again proved the presence of permanent further tendencies of movement of the contemporary top-level football.

149-156

Authors: Osmo Bajrić, Midhat Mekić, Senad Bajrić

This research work was carried out on the sample group of 137 football players, 14 to 16 years of age (cadets) , registered members of football clubs in the area of Srednjobosanski canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research applies a set of 12 tests of situational-motoric abilities, which determine the shooting accuracy, ball-handling, dribbling speed, curved running speed and the force used to hit the ball. The basic aim of the research was to determine the qualitative changes of situational- motoric abilities that developed as a result of the programmed training activities. The analysis of possible changes (differences) between the initial and final measurements of situational-motoric abilities has been performed using factor analysis - model of congruation. On the basis of obtained values of factor analysis as part of the model of congruation it can be concluded that the football programme has partially influenced the qualitaive changes of situational-motoric abilities.

161-170

Authors: Nevenka Zrnzević,Jelica Stojanović

The purpose of this research is to determine how much is the specially suggested experimental program of physical education, with increased demands and application of additional exercises, influenting the functional abbilities. The applied experimental program was composed of athletics exercises, sports games, exercises on the pieces of equipment and on the floor, rhythmics and dancing exercises. Six metrical instruments were used for evaluation of functional abbilities of schoolboys and schoolgirls. The experimental program was carried out on the sample of 106 first-grade pupils of the elementary school, age of 7 years ± 6 months. Basic statistic parametars were calculated by processing of data during initial and final measuring. Final data processing included only the examinees that participated at initial and final measurement. Multivariant and univariant analisys of variance for repeated measures (MANOVA and ANOVA – repeated measures) were applied for determination of eventual differences between initial and final measuring. Based on retrieved results it could be concluded that specially programed performance of physical education had a significant influence on changing the most functional abbilities of pupils.

178-183

Authors: Igor Štirn, Vojko Strojnik

The amplitude of a twitch presents one of the measures used to evaluate peripheral muscle fatigue. The aim of the study was to evaluate peripheral fatigue after the isometric muscle contractions of different starting intensities: at 60 %, 80 % and 100 % of maximal voluntary contraction. Twelve male students (22.2 ± 2.6 years of age) performed three fatiguing protocols in three days. Each fatiguing protocol consisted of three consecutive isometric contractions with a one minute rest in-between. The starting intensities of contractions were set at 60%, 80% or 100% for fatiguing protocols FP60, FP80 and FP100 respectively. Torque and duration of contractions and the amplitude of the muscle twitches provoked after the fatiguing contractions were measured. The comparison of the amplitudes of the muscle twitches provoked after three consecutive exhausting isometric contractions with different starting contraction intensities (60% MVC, 80% MVC, and 100% MVC) as well as the torque at the end of contractions did not show any statistically significant differences. In conclusion, no differences in accumulated peripheral fatigue were found after isometric contractions of different starting intensities.

189-194

Authors: Miroslav Kezunović, Oleg Laković

Beginning symptoms of suprascapular neuropathy are unnoticeable, and concerns the dominant arm of volleyball players at spiker positions. Atrophy of the supra and infraspinatus muscles is visible, but is usually noticed by accident. Clinical examination is used to determine mobility of the shoulder with the attention to abduction at 90 degrees and maximum external rotation. In this study, none of the players complained about the pain, loss of function or reduced efficiency during the actual volleyball game even though the electro-diagnostic procedures and clinical examination verified suprascapular neuropathy and ensuing atrophy of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.

204-209

Authors: Molnar Slavko, Smajić Miroslav, Popović Stevo,Tomić Bogdan

The subject sample of 240 boys aged 7-14 was divided to two subsamples of 120 boys each (active participants of “ЯMR Vojvodina” football school since the age of 7, and boys involved in sports, who regularly attended classes of physical education at school). The sample was subjected to 11 tests for evaluation of specific–motor abilities. The purpose of this research was to determine whether there are or there are not any differences in specific- motor abilities of subjects of the same age depending whether they play any sport or not. Analysis of results processed by discriminative analysis showed that the boys who attended football school achieved much better results in tests for evaluation of specific motor abilities than the boys who did not. At the age of 7-8, the differences can be attributed to efficient selection rather than the program contents due to the fact that they are beginners, whereas at older ages, these differences, being even higher in boys doing sports, can be attributed to the effects of program contents in the football school.

219-225

Authors: Branislav Radulović

Following a ten years distribution of the best swimming results in Montenegro, an attempt to determine their dynamics was made, aimed to give a more detailed insight into the state of swimming sport. While the average values of all results remain for years on approximately the same level, their oscilations are evident inside the groups, primarily because of the small number of more quality swimmers. The population of women swimmers has achieved a much better results, compared to man swimmers, for the defined period. The high percentage of the registrated results was achieved by crawl technique in short distances, which indicates insufficient specialization in swimming disciplines. Also, almost all the best achievements for each analysed year come from two clubs, which among other things indicates the need for increase in quality swimming base, as one of the basic preconditions for the developement of the swimming sport.

235-241

Authors: Pavle Rubin, Predrag Peruško

The problem of this study comes from the fact that in the modern world full of turbulent changes and large number of information (or data), we need to recognize information that have strategic importance. Mentioned information should be used in problem solving approach and for creating competitive advantage. The aim was to determine the importance of strategic information used in basketball club "Beneton" Treviso development process. The concept of club development strategy was analyzed, and strategic plan formulation and implementation were presented. Study describes Beneton's way to the European top ( for a relatively short period of time), by using quality management and marketing practices, with full appreciation of strategic information.

254-258

Authors: Goran Šekeljić, Milovan Stamatović

The researh was conducted in order to examine the effects of Teaching Physical Education on metrics space according to the applicated experimental treatment (of the current and alternative curriculum). The system consisting on 18 variables was applicated in oreder to estimate mobile abilities on the sample of 164 girls, 10-yearold schoolchildren. During the research it was used the experimental method with longitudinal approach. In order to collect datas during the initial and final measuring there were used adeguate testing techniques. In mobile space, after the experimental treatment, there were confirmed some huge differencies. The teaching contents, applicated during teaching process which is accuratly planned with the system of exercises and games, can cause the desired results and transformation in mobile space girls. Also, the results of the research showed that the applied technologies could influence the homogeneity within groups and the distance between them.

263-276

Authors: Naid Kadušić,Alem Kukić,Zrna Agačević

Offense tatctics can be divided into indivdual, group and collective. This article deals with man to man offense, as well as with primary and secondary fast break. It deals with offense tactics consideration and analysis of well-known contemporary teams. Their tactics is presented through different simplified patterns. These patterns allow the teams to find more ideas how to outperform an oponent. The aim of each strategy is to bring a specific outcome, which may be positive or negative. A game outcome is the final product of a team and it shows whether any progress has been made. One of the important offense tactics is man to man, which is very demanding. There is secondary offense also, that represents a situation in which the oponent defense is outnumbered by the offense. These tactics are closely connected with primary and secondary fast break offense. Another interesting type of an offensive play is the pick and roll, one of the most common contemporary plays used in basketball.

290-300

Authors: Nevenka Zrnzević,Jelica Stojanović

The purpose of this research is to determine how much is experimental programme, which was conducted duriing one school year, influenting the morphological caracteristics. The applied experimental program was composed of athletics exercises, sports games, exercises on the pieces of equipment and on the floor, rhythmics and dancing exercises and some additional exercises. 13 metrical instruments were used for evaluation of morphological caracteristics of schoolboys and schoolgirls. Research was conducted on 106 first-grade pupils of the elementary school, age of 7 years ± 6 months. Basic statistic parametars were calculated by processing of data during initial and final measuring. Final data processing included only the examinees that participated at initial and final measurement. Multivariant and univariant analisys of variance for repeated measures (MANOVA and ANOVA – repeated measures) were applied for determination of eventual differences between initial and final measuring. Based on retrieved results it could be concluded that experimental programme has a positive influence on changes of some morphological caracteristics. The results of this paper can be used by PE teachers giving them the information on adequate planning and programming of the classes.

301-310

Authors: Simo Vuković,Milomir Trivun

The sample consisted of 31 tested students in 2009/10 academic year and 43 tested students in 2008/09. all of them were the second year male students at Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at the University in East Sarajevo, the students were 22 years and± 6 months old, on this sample, there was done the results’ comparison in the following parameters: 11 variables of the anthropological status and 2 variables of the swimming the crawl at 50m and swimming the backstroke. The predicting variable of the anthropological status consisted of: height, weight, shoulders width, hips width, the skin’s fold of the back, the skin’s fold of the upper arm, the skin’s fold of the abdomen, the volume of the upper arm, the volume of the thigh, the volume of the shank and the diameter of the joint of the knee, the measuring variables referred to the results’ success in swimming the crawl at 50m and swimming the backstroke. The method of the study Apart from the descriptive statistics by which the measures of central tendencies are expressed: mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, there was used regressive analysis, for the correlation of the results of the anthropological status with the results of the swimming the crawl at 50m and swimming the backstroke. The results of the research and the conclusions There was done the results’ comparison of one group of students consisting of 31 tested male students in 2009/10 and 43 tested students in 2008/09. the comparison was shown by the measures of central tendencies of the descriptive statistics and by the regressive analysis of the group of 11 predicting variables of the anthropological students’ status and by the results of 2 measuring variables shown by the swimming the crawl at 50m and swimming the backstroke. Applying the regressive analysis there was got the list of the data which contained the data about the parameters of the regression and statistical quantities relevant for described proceedings of the testing of the valued parameters. In this case it was 11 variables of anthropological status and 2 variables of results’ success in swimming the crawl at 50m and swimming the backstroke.

315-321

Authors: Goran Šekeljić Milovan Stamatović

The research was conducted in order to determine the effects that could be produced in motor space by applying different teaching technologies. The experiment was applied on a sample of 164 girls and 132 boys aged 10 lasting one school year. In order to collect the data on the initial and the final measurement, there were used the test techniques for the estimation of mobility abilities suggested by Kurelic and the co-authors (1975). After the experimantal and appropriate statistical procedure had been done, the observed regularities based on the growth of motor skills showed that the application of teaching technologies in this space could not provide priority concernig the gender,on the contrary its more likely to say that there is priority of better pupils without concernig their gender qualification.

329-344

Authors: Naid Kadušić, Zrna Agačević,Alem Kukić

This article describes how to create a man to man defense, how to train it and how to perform a man to man defense from a 2-3 zone defense. Creating a man to man defense is commonly mistaken for oponent press tactics. Coaches tend to devote less attention to defense tactics creation, which can be main weakness in a team. It is important for a team that a coach is aware of the training techniques in order to explain them and present in proper manner. Once player comprehends the training techniques, the period of training comes, which includes helping out at every moment, as well as taking the responsibility. Match outcome and play realization provide a great insight into the players’ game understanding.

352-355

Authors: Rade Stefanović

The research hypotheses, HG, H-1, H-2, H-3, the research encompassed 151 respondents, 151 students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education at the age of 20, within three experimental groups EG1 (N=48), EG2 (N=50), EG3 (N=53), training methods, initial results in 500-meter cross-country race, continued training method, discontinued and continued training method, final results in 500-meter cross-country race, class, interval, frequency, relative frequency.

362-367

Authors: Stevo Popović, Miroslav Smajić,Aleksandar Joksimović,Bojan Mašanović

This research was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about important differences with respect to body composition of the football players of different rank competitions. The sample included 425 respondents, divided into three subsample groups. The first subsample group was comprised of 368 respondents who were attending EUROS 2008; the second subsample group was comprised of 26 respondents who practice football at a Football Club “Vojvodina” from Novi Sad, while the third subsample included 31 respondents who play football only recreationally. The sample of variables contained: ages, body height, body mass, Ideal Body Mass and Body Mass Index. The results of the measuring were analyzed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and univariate analysis (ANOVA). Based on the results it was concluded that significant differences occur in multivariate level, as well as between next variables: ages, body mass and Body Mass Index at a significance level of p=.05.

375-381

Authors: Pavle Rubin, Predrag Peruško

The problem of the research comes from the need for decomposition of a basketball game. The aim was to determine the intervals of active game (“live ball” - term defined by rules) and break (“dead ball” - term defined by rules), by analyzing basketball games. In order to obtain the relevant information, basketball games from five different competitions (top level of quality) were analyzed. The sample consists of seven games played in the 2006/2007 season: NCAA Play - Off Final game, Adriatic League finals, ULEB Cup final game, Euroleague (2 games) and the NBA league (2 games). The most important information gained by this research is that the average interval of active play lasts approximately 47 seconds, while the average break interval lasts approximately 57 seconds. This information is significant for coaches and should be used in planning the training process.

389-395

Authors: Pavle Rubin

The problem of this work stems from the fact that the tactics (not just applications, but also to create the principles of basketball games and variants) belongs to the domain experts of this sport (coaches, theorists, etc.). Every devising, selecting and applying specific tactics should satisfy two main objectives, to: be the greater surprise and provide adequate "response" to the opponent's tactics. The possibility of surprising opponent is primarily associated with the phase of defense, till firstly from an offense is expected to find and implement an adequate solution ("response"). Prerequisite that this defense could be successfully adopted is that the players (they know, and they can) play quality individual defense (one - on - one). Another prerequisite is that the basketball players fully adopted the principles of the system: zone pressing and "man to man" (variations of "pressing" on the full court). The defense in the foul court is, even more demanding because of the space that is defended, which allows players to adapt to the possible, at least the first time, adequate "response" on offense.

408-413

Authors: Vukosav Joksimović, Marija Joksimović,Dobrislav Vujović

It can be said that the most confused thing in sporting is connected with morphological and functional finding of the spinal cord at the sportsmen, younger and older categories, where the accent is given to the deformities of the spinal cord, kyphosis and coliosis. The system of researching is based on facts which werw obtained and according to them we got the conclusion about sporting with the deformity of the spinal cord. This work included 236 sportsmen, 98 female and 138 male from the north part of Montenegro, in period from 2005 - 2010. The researching system was divided in two parts:questionnairing the persons using particular questionnaires and second part was the examinaning of the spinal cord. The radiography of the spinal cord and the determination of the band level. During the testing it was established that the way of standing and the band level were present. Statictically, it was confirmed that the sportsmen after examining realized that sport and sports activities are comprehended with parts of the chinese therapy and coliosis deformities. The best results at some sportsmen are stimulation for overcoming the complex of handcap.

418-422

Authors: Dragan Krivokapić, Olivera Krivokapić

Social support for every aspect of physical culture represents one of the best investments aimed at improvement of health and life quality of population in each country. It is demonstrated through the individual and population approach. Individual approach is mainly directed at the increase of motivation for doing regular physical exercise by raising awareness of the positive impacts that physical activity exerts on the overall health status. Population approach comprises processes aimed at the change of attitudes and norms within a society, as well as legislation strategies that could provide long term effect and persistence of the changes achieved. It all requires legal, organizational, institutional and social levels of change. Through the activities of its legislative and executive authorities, the state is to encourage individual and social support for the implementation of such measures that will contribute to gradual integration of regular physical activity into daily life. In the same sense, the making of the Action Plan with precise guidelines and provisions is the best mode to stimulate the majority of population to adopt a way of living that improves health and life quality, which is in turn a benefit for the individual, family and society as a whole.

429-436

Authors: Zoran Milošević, Nebojša Maksimović, Nada Milošević, Borislav Obradović

Theories of learning which are classified in two broad schools as theories of connections and cognitive theories, differ among themselves according to specific interaction relationships between external stimulus (S), reaction and behavior and organism (R), i.e. particular learner (O). In relation to pedagogical practices, predominance of a certain school is not rare, often without any objective insight into their potentials related to age, sex, learning contents and other determinants. Well-known approaches within the theories of relations include classical Pavlov reflex, Guthry’s close conditioning, associating of Thorndyke, and Skinner’s efficient conditioning. Practical implications of these theories in acquiring motor skills are related to an active learner’s approach, significance of repetition – exercising, supporting, and rewarding correct answers, as well as strengthening a new behavior by imitation of a sample – modeling.

442-448

Authors: Duško Bjelica, Jovica Petković

Volleyball and handball have become the most interesting sports disciplines from the very moment they became familiar to the Montenegrin population. The authors point out the fact that almost the whole Montenegrin young population practice these sports and that it would be of the greatest importance to pay a special attention to the psychological development of one part of the sensitive and peculiar Montenegrin population. The objective of the paper is to form an opinion about the motoric status of the handball and valleyball players, the students of the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education and the non- sportsmen and to compare it to the situation in the neighbouring countries as well as the comprehension of the issue how various sports activities influence the motoric development of the examinees.