Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

4-8

Authors: Tomasz Rymarczyk, Jan Sikora

Two ways of approximation of the BEM kernel singularity are presented in this paper. Based on these approximations extensive error analysis was carried on. As a criterion the preciseness and simplicity of approximation were selected. Simplicity because such approach would be applied for the tomography problems, so time of execution plays particularly significant role. One of the approximations which could be applied for the wide range of the arguments of the kernel were selected.

14-17

Authors: Volodymyr Barannik, Natalia Barannik, Oleksandr Slobodyanyuk

It is shown that the current direction of increasing the safety of information resources when transmitting information in info-communication systems is the use of methods of steganographic instruction in video imagery. The effectiveness of such methods is significantly increased when used in a complex of methods of concealment, which are based on the principles of inconsistent and cosmic communication. At the same time, existing methods of steganographic are used in the process of insertion of information mainly only laws, empty features of visual perception of video images. So, it is justified that the scientific and applied problem, which is to increase the density of embedded messages in the video container with a given level of their reliability, is relevant. The solution of this problem is based on the solution of the contradiction, which concerns the fact that increasing the density of embedded data leads to a decrease in the bit rate of the video container, steganalysis stability, reliability of special information, and video container. Therefore, the research aims to develop a methodology for the steganographic embedding of information, taking into account the regularities of the video container, which are generated by its structural and structural-statistical features. The solution to the posed problem of applying steganographic transformations is proposed to be realised by methods of indirectly embedding parts of the hidden message in certain conditions or functional relationships. The possibility of creating steganographic transformations regarding the indirect embedding and extraction of hidden information in a multiadic basis by modifying the underlying basis system within an admissible set is demonstrated. It is shown that the multiadic system, which is created in the spectral space of DCT transforms, has the potential to form a set of admissible modifications of basis systems.

22-27

Authors: Paweł Kowalski, Piotr Tojza

The article proposes an efficient line detection method using a 2D convolution filter. The proposed method was compared with the Hough transform, the most popular method of straight lines detection. The developed method is suitable for local detection of straight lines with a slope from -45˚ to 45˚. Also, it can be used for curve detection which shape is approximated with the short straight sections. The new method is characterized by a constant computational cost regardless of the number of set pixels. The convolution is performed using the logical conjunction and sum operations. Moreover, design of the developed filter and the method of filtration allows for parallelization. Due to constant computation cost, the new method is suitable for implementation in the hardware structure of real-time image processing systems.

32-37

Authors: Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski

Today, thanks to mobile devices, satellite communication is available to anyone and everywhere. Gaining information on one’s position using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), particularly in unknown urban environments, had become an everyday activity. With the widespread of mobile devices, particularly smartphones, each person can obtain information considering his or her location anytime and everywhere. This paper is focused on a study, considering the quality of satellite communication in case of selected mobile terminals. It describes a measurement campaign carried out in varying urban environments, including a set of Android-powered smartphones coming from different manufacturers. Based on this, respective conclusions and remarks are given, which can aid consumers as well as device manufacturers and application developers.

42-46

Authors: Jacek Klimek

The article discusses the principle of operation and the structure of chirped and uniform gratings. It presents the method of producing gratings with monotonic apodisation characteristics, and compares the spectral features of produced gratings with the those obtained by mathematical modelling.

51-54

Authors: Bartłomiej Stefańczak

The article presents the design of a four-wire, three-level AC/DC converter. The converter was controlled with the use of a proportional-resonant controllers based voltage oriented control (VOC). The implemented topology of the AC/DC converter allows to control each of the phases separately. This translates into the possibility of independent control of active and reactive power in each of the phases. In addition, the DC bus of the AC/DC converter is connected in parallel with the energy storage via an isolated DC/DC converter and with a renewable energy sources. The tests were carried out with the use of the designed converter, DSP controller and Matlab/SIMULNIK platform, which was used for automatic code generation. The results obtained show that independent control of each of the phases is possible, however, the operation with large power unbalances on each of the phases leads to large current pulsation on the DC bus. This is a phenomenon that threatens the correct operation of the energy storage. As a result, the level of asymmetry between phases should be limited to the level acceptable by the energy storage.

62-66

Authors: Dawid Zarzeczny

Currently, various methods are used to assess the biocompatibility of materials. After an in-depth and detailed review of the literature, the method used in the research was selected. As part of the experiments, a method based on the analysis of the values ​​of electrical parameters of cell cultures measured in the presence of electrodes was used. The electrode is a structure made of a thin layer of metallization. It measures the change in resistance, impedance and capacity of a mixture of cells and the substance in which they are grown. The plate containing the electrode assembly is called the measurement matrix. Currently, commercially used test matrices are made of gold or platinum. However, their high price means that large-scale research is significantly limited. In order to increase the access to the widespread use of this method, it was decided that it was necessary to use cheaper materials, reducing the necessary costs of conducting experiments. Considering this, an attempt was made to use a different conductive material to build matrices compatible with the ECIS® Z-Theta measurement system. Their use would enable in vitro research on living cells. In the presented work, titanium was used as a material that may turn out to be an alternative to the materials currently used. Its application to the production of matrices will allow to study the influence of this metal on the behavior of cells.

75-77

Authors: Jarosław Tatarczak

This work presents measurement results of pollutants generated during 3D printing. The measure of pollutants is the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of up to 2.5 μm (PM2,5). Materials acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyactide (PLA) for a 3D printer and low-cost particulate matter concentration sensors PMS3003, PMS7003 were used in the research. Research results show that low-cost sensors can be useful for monitoring pollution during 3D printing in offices, laboratories or private homes.

4-8

Authors: Andrii Rudyk, Andriy Semenov, Olena Semenova, Sergey Kakovkin

The paper outlines the latest technologies used by the world's leading manufacturers in the development of mobile low-observable robotic systems and promising measures to improve the quality of components and design of such objects. Methods of detecting objects using stealth technologies are considered, and it is shown that only due to a system approach it is possible to compensate for the reduction of the effective scattering surface of low-observable objects by technical means of radar stations. It is shown that the main method of increasing the range to the radio horizont is the use of an air-based radar. Methods of detecting objects on the traces of their interaction with the environment are promising for organization of cooperation of several radars in the detection of low-observable objects.

14-17

Authors: Anzhelika Stakhova, Volodymyr Kvasnikov

The current state of control of vibration measuring equipment is studied in the work, the analysis of technologies of control of vibrating measuring machine equipment is carried out. It is determined that during the control a sufficient requirement for the analysis of changes in the state over time is to conduct periodic vibration measurements in the same modes of operation of the object. Therefore, the urgent task is to increase the reliability and accuracy of measurement results. It can be enhanced by obtaining additional information. For this purpose, recommendations for optimizing the vibration control points of the mechanism are formed. To increase the accuracy of measurement results when controlling the equipment for vibration signals, the methods of mounting the measuring transducer in the equipment monitoring system are considered. It is shown that the method of mounting the measuring transducer can affect the results of vibration measurements.

22-29

Authors: Yaroslav A. Kulyk, Bohdan P. Knysh, Roman V. Maslii, Roman N. Kvyetnyy, Valentyna V. Shcherba, Anatoliy Ia. Kulyk

In the article are presented the results of researches that touch the problem of the reliability improvement of determining the impurities concentration in biological objects in liquid by using the method of gas discharge visualization. There is an improved analysis method for biological objects in liquid based on gas discharge visualization (GDV), proposed criteria approach towards the assessment of liquid bio object’s composition applying this method, presented the assessment of the nature of liquid bio objects, which use the intensity of spectral components of its radiation has gotten during GDV. There is a developed and researched math model of ignition of a crown discharge and the dependency of spectrum intensity of radiation of liquid-phase biological object on its chemical composition proposed a conversion function for the assessment of the impurities concentration, together with the informative parameters of GDV images. All the results of the experimental researches of GDV and spectral composition of liquid-phase biological objects (LPBO) are presented in the article. The proposed approach lets specify the range of Mg concentrations in an oral fluid (OF) at various thyroid disorders obtained by the trilonometric method. It was found that the concentration of Mg in oral fluid of patients without thyroid disease is 12.73 ± 2.16 mg/l, patients with risk factors for thyroid disease have a concentration of 14.98 ± 1.92 mg/l, patients with sporadic goiter have a concentration of 26.65 ± 3.73 mg/l. Such data allow providing the patients with a better diagnosis of pathological disorders in glandular thyroids that are based on the concentration of Mg in oral fluid. It is confirmed that the concentration of Mg in oral fluid greater than 15 mg/l may indicate the presence of trilonometric pathology, including the focal thyroid gland.

34-39

Authors: Vladislav Kutsman, Oleh Kolesnytskyj

The article proposes a method for dynamic signature identification based on a spiking neural network. Three dynamic signature parameters l(t), xy(t), p(t) are used, which are invariant to the signature slope angle, and after their normalization, also to the signature spatial and temporal scales. These dynamic parameters are fed to the spiking neural network for recognition simultaneously in the form of time series without preliminary transformation into a vector of static features, which, on the one hand, simplifies the method due to the absence of complex computational transformation procedures, and on the other hand, prevents the loss of useful information, and therefore increases the accuracy and reliability of signature identification and recognition (especially when recognizing forged signatures that are highly correlated with the genuine). The spiking neural network used has a simple training procedure, and not all neurons of the network are trained, but only the output ones. If it is necessary to add new signatures, it is not necessary to retrain the entire network as a whole, but it is enough to add several output neurons and learn only their connections. In the results of experimental studies of the software implementation of the proposed system, it’s EER = 3.9% was found when identifying skilled forgeries and EER = 0.17% when identifying random forgeries.

45-49

Authors: Bartosz Wijatkowski, Jakub Smołka, Maciej Celiński

The aim of this research is to check which of two devices the keyboard or the controller – has a positive effect on a player's game-play in a platform game. Four parameters are defined: death count, error count, game time, learning time. A custom game is designed and implemented specifically for the research. The conducted experiment is divided into thirty-minute sessions, during which one player participates in the game after getting acquainted with the game’s mechanics. After completing the game, he/she fills out a survey in which he/she can express his/her level of satisfaction while using the assigned device. Each player has only one attempt. 16 players agree to participate. They are divided into two groups of 8 people each. Participants in the first group use the keyboard while those in the second group use the controller. In order to determine final results for the tested devices, the AHP method is used. The importance values for all pairs of measured parameters are determined in order to calculate their priorities. The priorities allow for distinguishing important from less important parameters. For this purpose, a survey of experienced players is conducted. They help to identify parameter importance. After trials and analysis of responses from the game-play satisfaction and parameter importance surveys, it turns out that players using the keyboard achieve better results, and the keyboard is more satisfying to use.

4-13

Authors: Taras Panskyi, Volodymyr Mosorov

A variety of clustering validation indices (CVIs) aimed at validating the results of clustering analysis and determining which clustering algorithm performs best. Different validation indices may be appropriate for different clustering algorithms or partition dissimilarity measures; however, the best suitable index to use in practice remains unknown. A single CVI is generally unable to handle the wide variability and scalability of the data and cope successfully with all the contexts. Therefore, one of the popular approaches is to use a combination of multiple CVIs and fuse their votes into the final decision. The aim of this work is to analyze the majority-based decision fusion method. Thus, the experimental work consisted of designing and implementing the NbClust majority-based decision fusion method and then evaluating the CVIs performance with different clustering algorithms and dissimilarity measures in order to discover the best validation configuration. Moreover, the author proposed to enhance the standard majority-based decision fusion method with straightforward rules for the maximum efficiency of the validation procedure. The result showed that the designed enhanced method with an invasive validation configuration could cope with almost all data sets (99%) with different experimental factors (density, dimensionality, number of clusters, etc.).

22-25

Authors: Pavlo Ratushnyi, Yosyp Bilynskyi, Stepan Zhyvotivskyi

In this work, the problems of research of ultrasonic images of joints are formulated. It is that for early diagnosis of developmental disorders of the hip joints needs to take frequent pictures, and the least harmful to health is ultrasound. But the quality of such images is not sufficient for high-quality automated measurement of geometric parameters and diagnosis of deviations. The ultrasound image of the hip joint is evaluated by quantifying the exact values of the acetabular angle, the angle of inclination of the cartilaginous lip, and the location of the center of the femoral head. To get these geometric parameters, you need to have clear images of objects. And for the operation of automated computer measurement systems, it is necessary to use such methods of pre-digital image processing, which would give clear contours of objects. Known and available image processing algorithms, in particular contour selection, face problems in processing specific medical images. It is proposed to use the developed method of sharpening to further obtain high-quality contour lines of objects. A mathematical model of the method is presented, which is a formula for converting the intensity values of each pixel of a digital image. As a result of this method, the noise component of the image is reduced, and the intensity differences between the background and the objects are increased, and the width of these differences is one pixel. The algorithm of a sequence of processing of ultrasonic images and features of its application have resulted. The results of the developed set of methods are given. The paper presents the results of processing the real image of the hip joint, which visually confirms the quality of the selection of objects on view.

30-35

Authors: Marcin Wardach, Paweł Prajzendanc, Kamil Cierzniewski, Michał Cichowicz, Szymon Pacholski, Mikołaj Wiszniewski, Krzysztof Baradziej, Szymon Osipowicz

This paper presents the design and research results of a claw pole machine with hybrid excitation. This machine is excited by permanent magnets and an electromagnetic coil. Both excitation sources are located in the rotor of the machine. Additionally, the rotor is made of a laminated core. This approach facilitates the process of its construction and enables the implementation of even very complicated structure of the rotor, which would be difficult in case of making the rotor from a one piece of material. This paper presents the construction as well as the results of simulation and experimental tests of the machine prototype. The tests showed that the proposed machine has the ability to adjust the voltage in a wide range. Such as a feature could be used, for example, to increase the speed of motor operation in case of an electric vehicle application, but also to regulate the voltage in wind turbines which generators operate at varying rotor speeds resulting from changing wind speed.

40-43

Authors: Klara Janiga

In low-voltage power networks with a large share of distributed energy sources, the phenomenon of overvoltage is increasingly observed. Although it may be desirable to raise the voltage value downstream of the network, in some cases the upper allowable voltage limit is exceeded. The method of eliminating voltage rises commonly used in the Polish power system is the installation of overvoltage protections, disconnecting the source from the grid. Such action reduces the profitability of prosumer installations, discouraging future potential investors. It turns out, however, that this is not the only disadvantage of such a solution. Sudden and uncoordinated disconnections and reconnections of more energy sources cause abrupt voltage changes that negatively affect the voltage conditions in the network. The aim of the paper is to present the operating algorithms of a standard overvoltage relay used in inverters of photovoltaic microinstallations. These algorithms – described in standards and national regulations – were tested in a typical inverter used in public low-voltage networks and implemented in the created simulation model of the relay. The described tests will be used for further work to demonstrate the need to coordinate the operation of overvoltage protections or replace them with other measures to improve voltage conditions in the grid with high share of photovoltaic sources.

48-51

Authors: Anzhelika Stakhova, Volodymyr Kvasnikov

It is known that vibration is generated to one degree or another by all moving parts of machines. Vibration processes arising in the process of functioning of machines and equipment are highly informative, reflecting the technical condition of many parts and assemblies quite fully. Therefore, the use of vibration diagnostics systems makes it possible to determine a defect even at the stage of inception, thereby excluding emergency stops of machinery. An urgent task is to create a vibration analysis device, which consists of a sensor for measuring vibration, the principle of operation of which is based on the use of a direct piezoelectric effect. The output signal of the sensor will go to a personal computer or any other device with the Windows operating system, where a spectral analysis of the measured vibration signal is carried out using a Matlab-based diagnostic program.

56-60

Authors: Jacek Wilk-Jakubowski

Satellites are the transmission medium for providing connectivity and building global, continental, or regional networks around the world (satellite operators effectively use satellites to support Internet traffic), and point-to-point connections are also possible. In practical use, there are combinations of VSAT networks with terrestrial wireless extensions, allowing end users to increase the capabilities offered via satellite. This paper provides selected information on broadband satellite networks using VSAT technology, including available protocols and transmission platforms. The aim of the article is also to present the chosen technical aspects of satellite networks working with the usage of VSAT technology.

4-9

Authors: Mateusz Midura, Przemysław Wróblewski, Damian Wanta, Grzegorz Domański, Mateusz Stosio, Jacek Kryszyn, Waldemar T. Smolik

The article concerns the research on the properties of core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles in the context of their use in medicine for diagnostics and therapy. The article presents a system for impedance (AC) spectroscopy of nanoparticles with a new arrangement of receive coils. A significant modification was the position of the reference coil in relation to the receive coils as well as the method of winding and routing the wires on the carcass. The 3D printing technique was used in the production of the measuring coil system. The aim of the work was to experimentally verify the developed measurement system and analyze its properties. The system tests were carried out at low frequencies ranging from 2 to 50 kHz. Complex magnetic susceptibility was measured for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in polymer shells in a physiological saline solution. The obtained results confirmed the relevance of the concept of the measurements. In summary, the observed properties of the realized system are discussed and further directions of its development are proposed.

15-19

Authors: Valerii Shvaiko, Olena Bandurka, Vadym Shpuryk, Yevhen V. Havrylko

The paper presents the methods for fire identification using low-resolution space images obtained from Terra Modis and NOAA satellites. There are lots of algorithms to identify potentially "fire pixels" (PF). They are based on the assessment of temperature in spectral ranges from 3.5–4 to 10.5–11.5 microns. One of the problematic aspects in the Fire Detection Method using low-resolution space images is "Cloud and Water Masking". To identify "fire pixels", it is important to exclude from the analysis fragments of images that are covered with clouds and occupied by water objects. Identification of pixels in which one or more fires are actively burning at the time of passing over the Earth is the basis of the algorithm for detecting potentially "fire pixels". The algorithm requires a significant increase in radiation in the range of 4 micrometers, as well as on the observed radiation in the range of 11 micrometers. The algorithm investigates each pixel in a scene that is assigned one of the following classes as a result: lack of data, cloud, water, potentially fire or uncertain. The pixels that lack actual data are immediately classified as "missing data (NULL)" and excluded from further consideration. Cloud and water pixels, defined by the cloud masking technique and water objects, belong to cloud and water classes, respectively. The fire detection algorithm investigates only those pixels of the Earth's surface that are classified as potentially fire or uncertain. The method was implemented using the Visual Programming Tool PowerBuilder in the data processing system of Erdas Imaging. As a result of the use of the identification method, fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone, steppe fires and fires at gas wells were detected. Using the method of satellite fire identification is essential for the prompt detection of fires for remote forests or steppes that are poorly controlled by ground monitoring methods.

24-27

Authors: Denys Bakhtiiarov, Oleksandr Lavrynenko, Nataliia Lishchynovska, Ivan Basiuk, Tetiana Prykhodko

Methods for synthesis a structural diagram of the processes for detecting and locating technical information leakage channels are analysed. Software for defining a controlled room zone was also presented. A proprietary approach to search the electromagnetic environment under radio interference has been developed to detect devices for unauthorized control of acoustic information using microphones and transmission of this information using a radio channel.

32-35

Authors: Magdalena Michalska

Currently, a large number of trait selection methods are used. They are becoming more and more of interest among researchers. Some of the methods are of course used more frequently. The article describes the basics of selection-based algorithms. FS methods fall into three categories: filter wrappers, embedded methods. Particular attention was paid to finding examples of applications of the described methods in the diagnosis of skin melanoma.

40-43

Authors: Serhii Zabolotnii, Sergii Mogilei

The paper regards a common transport problem with a non-classic optimization criterion to minimize transportation risks. It demonstrates that the risk parameters of the function could be found through the factor analysis method. Besides, considering that the problem contains several points of sending and delivering loads, the method is dealt with as a matrix. The research also regards the algorithm of matrix factor analysis application for determining parameters of the objective function for the problem to be solved. The survey results in a new method to construct the objective function for the optimization problem with probability parameters. It generally assists in suggesting a formal solution to such problems, foremost due to particular software.

50-53

Authors: Julia Milova, Yuri Melnik

The principles of poly-parametric information coding have been considered. The methods for developing poly-parametric codes have been presented. It is shown that the protection of block codes from channel interference using check patterns can be developed by a mono- or poly-parametric method. A special type of block codes has been presented, the check patterns of which are formed on the basis of their neighbours, which are functionally related to the given code combination. Such codes have been called poly-parametric. Binary poly-parametric ring codes, the check patterns of which are designed to detect and correct channel errors, are developed using the properties of Galois fields and on the basis of the vector shift indicators of the codewords. To obtain digital poly-parametric block codes, the properties and features of the normalized natural sequence are used. It is shown that each codeword of a binary block code can be represented as a certain positive integer in the decimal number system, which is an element of the natural sequence. Its elements on an interval that equals the norm acquire a functional dependency.

58-61

Authors: Wojciech Wlodyka, Dariusz Bober

The main goal of the article is to share some experimental view onto VR training applications, that allows for adaptation of the directed training scenario to a user being trained. The resulted application allows to the three scenarios being selected in any combination of ones, as well as the tasks modification through the input files, before a test starts. The program was developed in the Unity engine, using the modern UnityXR framework providing extensive support for leading virtual reality hardware. The resulting solution presents the possibility of an efficient training in Virtual Reality while modifying the course of training without any needs to recompile the program, and also it shows some positive values of using VR technology as a didactic solution.