Revista Conjuntura Austral

4

Authors: Alexandre Cesar Cunha Leite, George Bronzeado de Andrade

Robert D. Kaplan em sua obra “A vingança da Geografia: a construção do mundo geopolítico a partir da perspectiva geográfica” sustenta a necessidade de um resgate vigoroso da perspectiva geopolítica pelas relações internacionais. Por intermédio de um texto bem escrito, claro e conciso, apoiado em uma análise histórica, Kaplan traz para o centro nervoso das relações de poder entre os Estados, a importância do elemento espacial como um fator fundamental sobre o qual se debruçam a estratégia militar e a diplomacia. Ao trazer à tona a importância da geopolítica (em termos de território e demografia, sobretudo) para a compreensão das estratégias dos Estados no Sistema Internacional, Kaplan ressuscita a velha tese de que a questão geográfica ainda pode explicar em muitos sentidos o movimento dos Estados e seus planos de ação em diversas conjunturas de poder. Kaplan (2013: 62) nessa direção explica que períodos de convulsão global reavivam as perspectivas analíticas sustentadas na geografia e na geopolítica, na qual a segunda é considerada como a influência da geografia sobre as divisões humanas. Robert D. Kaplan em sua obra “A vingança da Geografia: a construção do mundo geopolítico a partir da perspectiva geográfica” sustenta a necessidade de um resgate vigoroso da perspectiva geopolítica pelas relações internacionais. Por intermédio de um texto bem escrito, claro e conciso, apoiado em uma análise histórica, Kaplan traz para o centro nervoso das relações de poder entre os Estados, a importância do elemento espacial como um fator fundamental sobre o qual se debruçam a estratégia militar e a diplomacia. Ao trazer à tona a importância da geopolítica (em termos de território e demografia, sobretudo) para a compreensão das estratégias dos Estados no Sistema Internacional, Kaplan ressuscita a velha tese de que a questão geográfica ainda pode explicar em muitos sentidos o movimento dos Estados e seus planos de ação em diversas conjunturas de poder. Kaplan (2013: 62) nessa direção explica que períodos de convulsão global reavivam as perspectivas analíticas sustentadas na geografia e na geopolítica, na qual a segunda é considerada como a influência da geografia sobre as divisões humanas.

10

Authors: Eduardo Munhoz Svartman, André Luiz Reis da Silva

Resumo Este artigo busca explicar, a partir de suas raízes, as razões da recente crise política brasileira, que pode culminar com o impeachment da presidente Dilma. Através da análise dos interesses e atuação dos principais atores envolvidos na crise, busca igualmente verificar as repercussões internacionais e o impacto na agenda externa do Brasil.

10

Authors: Leonardo Luiz Silveira da Silva

Em diversos momentos de tensão antes e após a Guerra dos Seis Dias, Israel dá sinais claros de que o acesso aos recursos hídricos fica em um segundo plano em relação ao seu objetivo mais importante: o reconhecimento do seu Estado.

14

Authors: Roberto Jiménez, Tássio Franchi

El Terrorismo constituye una agenda de actualidad en el mundo entero; cuyo carácter político no ha permitido consenso entre los diferentes actores al interior de las organizaciones internacionales, lo que dificulta una solución que goce de la aceptación mundial, de ahí que en el ámbito de Seguridad represente una amenaza para los Estados. América del Sur fue influenciada por la revolución cubana en 1959, apareciendo una ola de grupos armados a partir de los años 60, que actuaron en forma vinculada a las tendencias regionales y mundiales. El presente artículo vincula a estos grupos con la clasificación que David Rappoport presenta sobre el Terrorismo y pretende evidenciar la existencia de dos periodos dentro de la “tercera ola”, de esta clasificación. Un primer periodo de subversión que tuvo más características de guerrilla rural, y un segundo periodo, conocido como guerrilla urbana, con más rasgos de grupo terrorista. Este trabajo parte del análisis conceptual de terrorismo, para pasar al estudio de la actuación de grupos encuadrados dentro del terrorismo no gubernamental en Sudamérica y, finalmente analiza la actuación del grupo Alfaro Vive Carajo en Ecuador y las acciones realizadas en su periodo de existencia.

18

Authors: Sol Mora

Este artículo indaga el modo en que las resistencias sociales manifiestan los vínculos entre la cooperación Sur-Sur de China y el acaparamiento de tierras (land grabbing). Con ese fin, se realiza un estudio de caso del proyecto Xai-Xai en Mozambique. Desde una perspectiva neogramsciana, se argumenta que las resistencias sociales demuestran que la cooperación Sur-Sur de China en el proyecto de Xai-Xai es un discurso que legitima prácticas de acaparamiento de tierras para garantizar su seguridad alimentaria interna.

4-18

Authors: Marina Bolfarine Caixeta

In the purpose of contributing to the discussions and objectives of the South-South cooperation for international development, this article defends the adoption of new theoretical references for the analysis; this meets the intellectual initiatives that fight for knowledge production in the global South to be autonomous and appropriated to these realities.

36-47

Authors: Fabio Luis Barbosa dos Santos

The purpose of this article is to analyse the recent political tension on the border between Colombia and Venezuela, highlightening Union of South American Nation ́s (UNASUR) role in that context. To achieve this goal, the article undertakes the following movement. At first, I analyse the structrural dimension of the tension between both countries, which is referred to the consolidation of governments that practice politics of opposed orientation. Then, I focus conjunctural aspects, analysing how the crisis was dealt by these countries, and the different roles identified with UNASUL in that context. I wrap the text with observations related to the role of this organization concerning the challenges to regional integration in the present.

62-76

Authors: Laura de Castro Quaglia

This paper discusses the institutional and cultural challenges that that hinder the development of a national security policy convergent with the foreign policy in Brazil. The research question is: how institutions and political culture in Brazil impede or hamper coordination between foreign policy and defense policy - and therefore national security? In the institutional dimension, we consider the hypothesis that the main challenges are: i) the current stage of democratic institutions in Brazil and ii) the institutional gap between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and the Ministry of Defense (MD). In turn, in the cultural sphere the main challenge stems from the strong shared perception by both the government and the population that Brazil has no external enemies, which results in a certain neglect of the design and implementation of a sound policy of national security. The methodology used is the process-tracing of the historical development of MFA and MD, as well as documentary analysis and quantitative data on perception of the population provided by the World Value Survey 2014.

80-81

Authors: Sílvia Regina Ferabolli

Review of the book "The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East", by Charles Tripp. Cambridge University Press. 2013.

6-20

Authors: Natalia Nahas Calfat

This article intends to shed light over the reasons for the rise and strengthening of the jihadist group ISIL - The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant - and its activities in Syria and Iraq as well as how the administration of the life of millions of people residing in the territories under its control is managed. Additionally, we seek to clarify the political, historical and social foundations that enabled and fuelled its appearance and current military advances in both countries. It has been verified that ISIS has, fundamentally, political origins and is a reflex of the dismantling of the Iraqi state after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 as well as of the power vacuum instated in Syria in the aftermath of its civil war in 2011.

29-41

Authors: Hugo Freitas Peres

This paper analyses the consolidation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles' (UAVs) technology and its historical development in Brazil. Based on the background and concepts previously introduced, it discusses how the Brazilian Foreign Policy has responded to this new challenge to international security.

61-76

Authors: Marília Bortoluzzi Severo

This study addresses the relations between the European Union (EU) and the Western Balkans. The aim is to analyze the evolution of the expansionist discourse of the EU for the Western Balkan region and the sustainability of what would be the main features of this foreign policy: the stabilization and the association of the Western Balkans.

98-100

Authors: Vinicius Tavares Oliveira

Book Review: "The Engagement Of India: Strategies And Responses"

4-11

Authors: Bruno Mariotto Jubran

The text adresses the economic evolution and recent policy of independent Ukraine. The main argument is that the Ukranian crisis has its origins long before the country's diplomacy refusal to sign an association agreement with the European Union and wave in favor of rapprochement with Russia. One of it's sources is external, the competition for influence among foreign powers. The other, little discussed, refers to the evolution and to the specificities of the Ukranian economy, which in addition to undergoing systemic transformation process to capitalism, suffered a decline since 1991 and a regional divergence.

33-49

Authors: Iván Poczynok

This article explores the impact of the alignment to the United States during the two administrations of Carlos Menem (1989-1995 and 1995-1999) in the establishment of limits related to the development of military capabilities in Argentina. The paper argues that the maintenance of this alliance required to resign to the possession and development of certain capabilities and technologies that caused distrust in Washington. As a consequence, the policies adopted to renew the argentinian international profile during the 1990s led to subordinate the strategic perspective of our country to the interests of the global power.

75-100

Authors: Luciana Pazini Papi, Klei Medeiros

This article aims to analyze the international cooperation provided by Brazil through the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) and the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS) during the Lula government (2003-2010). These are complementary case studies that bring a vision of both the wider work of the ABC, the body that centralizes the Brazilian international cooperation, and a specific ministry, MDS, which works in conjunction with ABC in technical cooperation initiatives in the social area. The performance of ABC have played a fundamental role in order to share technical and social technologies developed from the know-how acquired by government agencies operating in Brazil (such as EMBRAPA, SENAI, among others). On the other hand, the MDS technical cooperation has been an extremely important practice. For sharing knowledge directly among that minority which is involved with the decision-making process in their respective governments, it can alter the course strategies and tactics for the development of the countries involved. During the Lula government, the actions of both bodies ensures greater political interdependence, generating ideological and theoretical affinities and allow continuous improvement of public policies promoting development in the South.

4-12

Authors: Sílvia Regina Ferabolli

This brief scenario analysis will argue that alternative ways of not only theorizing but also teaching, researching and publishing in IR (International Relations) need to be built on the foundations of the desacralization of the academic and intellectual production of the North and the bury for good of the notion that “the West” is coincident with modernity and that “the non-West” can enter the modern world (and its post-modern moment) only to the extent that it emulates the norms established in Western Europe and the United States.

29-47

Authors: Guilherme Ziebell de Oliveira

Brazilian foreign policy towards Africa has suffered a major inflection from 2003. After a long period of estrangement, the rise to power of Luiz Inácio (Lula) da Silva underscored a clear reorientation of Brazilian foreign policy, and a resumption of the assignment of importance to the African continent. Over the two terms of Lula, Brazil has reconnected Africa, increasing its participation in the continent and making it an important partner, not only politically, but also economically. In 2011, Rousseff became president of Brazil, and Celso Amorim, then foreign minister, was replaced by Antonio Patriota, raising many questions about the directions that would be adopted in the new government's conduct of foreign policy. This paper seeks to analyze whether there has or has not been a shift in Brazil's foreign policy towards Africa in the Rousseff administration in relation to the Lula da Silva government and, if so, how deep has it been. To do so, it relies on the work of Charles Hermann (1990), to analyze the different levels of change in foreign policy; Ricardo Sennes (2003), to demonstrate that there is a continuity in the foreign policy matrix between Lula and Dilma; and Robert Putnam (2010), to demonstrate that the changes that have occurred are, to a large extent, a reflection of the transformations that have taken place in both the international scenario and the domestic arena.

75-96

Authors: Leandro Carlos Dias Conde

This paper discusses, albeit in a conciseway, the US foreignpolicy in thepost-Cold War, making a historical periodfrom 1989 to2008. Asalsoshed lighton the roleof the United States ininternational political economy, inits strategyto maintain and extendits globalpower.