Proceedings on Engineering Sciences

6

Authors: Valery Lesnykh, Michail Lukyanchikov, Tatiana Timofeeva

Energy systems are key elements of critically important infrastructures, as they provide the required quality of life for the population, as well as create the necessary conditions for the reliable functioning of various branches of the economy. One of the priorities is to ensure the safe functioning of such systems, and in recent years, considerable attention has been paid to proactive safety methods. Within the framework of these methods, the main efforts are aimed at early identification of violations and deviations in the operation or maintenance of the facility. The building and use of the safety pyramid is one of the areas of implementation of a proactive approach. The paper presents the analysis of statistical data on incidents and detected violations at Russian energy facilities. The analysis made it possible to build the corresponding safety pyramids, as well as to identify that the ratio between the levels of the pyramid significantly depends on the specific type of facility. The possibility of using the safety pyramid to assess expected prevented damage in case of elimination of detected violations is also shown. Examples of assessing the value of prevented damage for energy facilities are given.

8

Authors: Yury Polukarov, Nataliia Prakhovnik, Oleksiy Polukarov, Liudmyla Mitiuk, Hlib Demchuk

The issue of ensuring the safety of life is becoming more and more urgent. Society is beginning to understand that the further development of mankind and technological progress require that everyone has the highest level of knowledge and culture in this field. The purpose of the presented research is to study the safety of life and to consider the safety of life in the household and social spheres. The methodological basis of the research is based on a combination of various general scientific methods of scientific cognition. This study used methods of information analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, and the method of induction and deduction. At the final stage of the study, the method of analysing scientific literature relevant to the subject of the study was used. Life safety (LS) can be characterised as a science that studies hazards and ways to protect against them. It is an integral part of the system of state, social and defense measures taken to protect the population and economy of the country from the consequences of accidents, disasters, natural disasters and weapons of destruction of the enemy. In the course of the study, it was determined that social practice indicates that a person violates the rules of safe behavior for several reasons. First of all, this is explainedc by ignorance of the object of influence, the rules of safe behavior and ways of their application, the discrepancy between the physical and mental capabilities of a person to the requirements of public practice. The practical value of the presented research lies in the fact that it can be used by both theorists and practitioners in the process of studying the safety of human life in the household and social spheres.

8

Authors: Muhammad Isradi, Joewono Prasetijo, Yudi Dwi Prasetyo, Nurani Hartatik, Andri Irfan Rifai

Uncertainty about the remaining service life of the pavement occurs in developing countries even though the structure is designed with the planned life. As a result, there is damage to the network and the structure and function of the road. Uncertainty in volume, traffic growth that exceeds the plan, and limited funds have a very strong influence on the shape of the road. This study aimed to determine the condition of the road surface and road service functions to find out the service life of the pavement and the relationship between the Present Serviceability Index value and the International Roughness Index on the flexible pavement. Secondary data collection such as IRI and traffic volume is used for modeling and reviewing road service functions. The results show that the remaining road life will end in year 8, a 2-year decrease from the 10-year plan. The relationship between PSI and IRI plans has an R2 value of 0.9981, while the actual condition has an R2 of 0.9976.

8

Authors: Sandesh B Solepatil, Narendra Deore

Engineering applications are judged in today's fast-paced and intensely competitive industry based on exact and accurate results. Deflection of beams in compliant mechanisms is used to meet the growing needs for precision motion. Compliant mechanisms are referred to as a type of mechanism that is based on the mobility and rigidity of a component, allowing for increased precision without necessarily reducing its accuracy. Motion is achieved via molecular deformation combined with beam bending in the elastic zone. Compliant mechanisms are utilized in modern techniques for precision scanning, such as micro-nano processing microscopes and biological scanners. Major failures of compliant mechanisms are caused by repetitive in-plane and out-of-plane movement of compliant beams. This work presents an experimental and numerical analysis of a compliant mechanism utilized in biomedical scanners for linear motion in the XY direction. This study paper delves into the performance analysis of compliant mechanisms for various beam constraint positions and materials. The elastic deformation of the beam within the elastic zone of the material is totally responsible for the range of the motion and movement of the compliant mechanism in the XY direction. The maximum range of motion, stress, and stiffness values of XY Mechanism are used to determine the performance of a compliant mechanism. For various beam combinations, the compliant mechanism is examined.

8

Authors: Haitam Ettazi, Najat Rafalia, Jaafar Abouchabaka

Vision and eye health are one of the most crucial things in human life, it needs to be preserved to maintain the life of the individuals. Eye diseases such as CNV, DRUSEN, AMD, and DME are mainly caused due to the damages of the retina, and since the retina is damaged and discovered at late stages, there is almost no chance to reverse vision and cure it, which means that the patient will lose the power of vision partially and maybe entirely. Optical Coherence Tomography is an advanced scanning device that can perform non-invasive cross-sectional imaging of internal structures in biological tissues by measuring their optical reflections. This will help the ophthalmologists to take a clear look on the back of the eye and determine at early stages the damage caused to the retina, macula, and optic nerve. The aim of this study is to propose a novel classification model based on deep learning and transfer learning to automatically classify the different retinal diseases using retinal images obtained from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) device. We propose a deep CNN architecture and compared the obtained results with pre-trained models such as Inception V3 and VGG-16, our proposed CNN architecture gave an accuracy of 98.96% and Inception V3 model gave accuracy up to 99.27% on the test set.

10

Authors: Sharifullah Ahmed Peng

The Residual settlement of granular subsoil of different strength underlying Road Embankment overlain by stronger soil layer is studied. A parametric study is conducted considering variable heights of embankment and variable ESAL factors (vehicle equivalence factor). The residual settlement (Sr) is stated as sum of elastic settlements of granular subsoil due to axle induced stress and self-weight of pavement layers. Values Sr for various heights of road embankment (He) are obtained and delivered as a set of design charts for different values of SPT and ESAL factor. In case of rigid pavement tolerable limit of the residual settlement is 0.1m. In case of flexible pavement in bridge or culvert approach and general sections except bridge or culvert approach, tolerable limit of the residual settlement considered as 0.2m and 0.3m successfully. A comprehensive guideline is developed for design of Road Embankment underlain by Granular subsoil underlying a stronger soil strata to satisfy the tolerable limit of the residual settlement. In this research study the range of both of ESAL factor and SPT value (N60) is 1-10. Through parametric study, this is observed that, no ground improvement is necessary when the thickness of overlying stronger soil strata (d) is minimum 0.45m thick in case of flexible pavement in general road section if ESAL factor≤8 and He≥1.5m. For flexible pavement in bridge or culvert approach d≥1.0m required to avoid ground improvement if ESAL factor≤8 and He≥1.5m. For rigid pavement d≥2.0m required to avoid ground improvement. A guideline is prepared including tables and charts to find out minimum allowable height of road embankment to keep the residual settlement within mentioned tolerable limit. Allowable minimum height of the embankment including pavement layers (He,0.1 , He,0.2 or He,0.3) are obtained corresponding to tolerable safe level of the residual settlement of granular subsoil for different values of N60, d and ESAL factor. The developed guideline is intended to be used in identification of the requirement of ground improvement in case of Granular subsoil underlying Road Embankment overlain by stronger soil strata to ensure tolerable level of the residual settlement. The ground improvement is only to be necessary when the residual settlement of subsoil is more than tolerable level or in other word if He is less than He,0.1, He,0.2 or He,0.3.

12

Authors: Zohid A. Hakimov, Asilbek Medatov, Viktor Kotetunov, Yuriy Kravtsov, Alisher Abdullaev

Due to the intensive use of the Internet, network security is becoming a key foundation for all web applications. Intrusion detection by analysing records in network processes is an important way to solve problems in the field of network security. It has been identified that an intrusion can threaten not only the integrity of the data but also the system itself. With the development of information technology and an increase in data transfer speeds, there are threats of incorrect use of the Internet. The authors determine that more reliable control systems are needed that solve the problem of network protection without human intervention. In a number of sources, attention is focused on the possibility of autonomous detection of the vulnerability of programmes and protocols by analysing the criteria for the behaviour of the system itself. Many models are built on informal methods, such as signature ones, in which it is difficult to obtain a correct assessment of effectiveness and completeness. The authors start from the fact that the attack is characterised by states and transitions. The possibility of using neural networks has been tested. A distinctive feature of a neural network is that they start working only after the learning process. This is one of the main advantages of a neural network over conventional algorithms. The paper shows that the development of information storages is possible provided that an equilibrium state is reached when the system does not allow expanding the attack space and the information storage is available for both external access and remote disconnection. The learning model consists of arrays of data with a distributed storage environment. This is the main component of improving the performance of the intrusion detection system. The experimental results obtained showed that the proposed approach identifies anomalies more effectively than known methods. The paper is devoted to the development of a method for detecting attacks based on information about the behaviour of deviating values in the network.

12

Authors: Ahmed Awad Rawdhan Rawdhan, Narentheren Kaliappen

The aim of this paper was to review the impact of strategic management accounting (SMA) on improving the efficiency of manufacturing firms. SCOPUS, EBSCO and WoS databases were searched for relevant literature, and 21 papers were finally selected for a review. The results found that the relationship between SMA and performance of manufacturing firms is influenced by many contingency factors. The decision to adopt and use SMA is the first step to improving performance. Then, there is a need to determine what types of SMA techniques to be used. This is dependent on what strategy the company wants to pursue. Having decided to use it, the firm goes through the four processes of SMA adoption leading to performance. This research has implications for manufacturing firms looking to adopt SMA to improve their performance.

14

Authors: Bhavna Pancholi, Pramod Modi, Nehal Chitaliya

Healthcare scientists determined how MRI images have indeed been highly beneficial in latest times in the investigation of the recognition and early identification of a brain disease. The main primary stages in analyzing the brain MRI pictures are image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Among the crucial processes that can evaluate how well brain MRI scans can be classified and ultimately the condition it will indicate is feature extraction and segmentation. In this paper stage wise methods are described. In the first stage (pre-processing stage) different filters; like; median, weiner, anistropic, non local means as well as combined filters used. In the pre-processing part, combined weiner and anistropic filter gives the best result. In the second stage (segmentation stage), multi-thresholding technique – cuckoo search algorithm used using different objective functions; like; ostu, kapur entropy, tsallis entropy and proposed. In the proposed method of the segmentation stage used cuckoo search algorithm using combined ostu and tsallis entopy as an objective function. In the third stage (feature extraction), discrete wavelet transform used and in the fourth stage (classification) support vector machine used. In each stage results are compared using different parameters and we got best output using proposed method.

6

Authors: Nesrine Gaaliche, Mahmood Alajimi

The heat exchangers are widely used in different industrial applications, such as chemical industry, petroleum, thermal power, and so on. Fluid corrosion and fouling frequently damage shell and tube heat exchangers, resulting in leaks. In order to prevent the fluid losses and increase the efficiency, it is proposed to optimize an old shell and tube heat exchangers (STHE) used in the petroleum field in order to cool down the produced Methanol in petroleum production. Thermal modeling was used to optimize the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Its heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and efficiency were calculated using the log-mean temperature difference (LMTD) method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was performed to study the model of the inlet shell flow field. Our experimental findings show that the performance is around 35.29%. This means that the efficiency has increased by 9.6% of its previous efficiency and the pressure drops of the shell and tube side are 16.422 kPa and 54.262 kPa. The hot and cold fluid outlet temperatures, corrected LMTD and efficiency obtained from CFD simulations were in excellent agreement with experimental results, with an error of 3.6%.

8

Authors: ACCOUNTING FOR SMALL-SCALE IRREGULARITIES IN THE PROPAGATION OF SHORT RADIO WAVES IN THE HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE

In the modern world, the need for accurate knowledge of the state of the high-latitude ionosphere has increased, the modeling of which is difficult due to the presence of a large-scale structure. However, the empirical and theoretical models of the ionosphere developed in recent years have made significant progress in taking them into account. The situation with small-scale irregularities is more complicated. In this work, the comparison was performed between experimental ionograms of vertical, oblique, external and transionospheric sounding with ionograms, calculated by a computer simulation taking into account small-scale irregularities. The obtained conformity has allowed one to conclude that there is a range of parameters values of these irregularities which can be used in interpreting and predicting the propagation characteristics of short radio-waves in complicated conditions, especially during disturbances.

10

Authors: Pavel Shcherban, Andrey Sokolov, Reda Abu Hamdi

An essential, and at the same time poorly covered in scientific publications topic is the failures of cavitation systems. Practice of using cavitators at fuel oil facilities at thermal power plants in Kaliningrad region shows that these technical devices can fail rather often. In this study, cavitators failures problem was analyzed by survey of accumulated statistical data concerning the parameters of cavitators operation in fuel oil farms and the moments of failure occurrence. The regression and cluster analysis, which was used for data processing, allowed to determine the relationship between failure types and influencing factors and to rank the factors by the degree of their impact on the cavitation equipment. Based on the results of mathematical and data analysis, proposals for ensuring better technical reliability of cavitators, reorganization of its maintenance system and reduction of the number of failures were developed.

12

Authors: Danila Kondrashov, Evgeniy Rogozhnikov, Renat Abenov, Serafim Novichkov, Evgeniy Ageev

Due to introduction of the 5G NR standard, an estimation of the total cost of ownership for 5G networks is required, as well as expenses optimization. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the total cost of ownership for 5G networks of various architectures. Various deployment scenarios for D-RAN (Distributed RAN), C-RAN (Centralized RAN) and Open RAN of the radio access network provided by this standard are considered. The results of the work were obtained using mathematical modeling in the Matlab environment.

12

Authors: Tryson Yangailo, Justine Kabela, Herbert Turyatunga

Total quality management (TQM) has become acceptable generally as an approach for improving productivity in organisations in this 21st century. Whereas some studies have argued that implementation of TQM practices improve organisational productivity, others have failed to find the linkage between the two. This study, therefore, was conducted to determine and validate whether implementation of TQM practices increase productivity in railway transport sector. The study evaluated effect of TQM practices on productivity in Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA). Data were collected from 177 TAZARA managers through structured questionnaires and correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyse data. Results of the study show that practices of TQM have a positive significant effect on productivity. Results of regression analysis show that important innovations, customer-focus, transformational leadership and commitment, have significant positive effect on productivity in TAZARA. However, education and training, and employee responsibility and involvement have no significant effects on productivity.

14

Authors: Büşra Dağcı Yüksel, Filiz Ersöz

It is important to analyze the failures and eliminate their root causes to ensure customer satisfaction and increase quality in businesses FMEA analysis is a widely used method to analyze potential or potential failures. Data mining methods can also investigate the causes of these failures. In this study, it is aimed to determine and eliminate the root causes of failures with FMEA and data mining in a machining company. FMEA and data mining have been applied to improve the quality of the business and eliminate the root causes of failures. IBM SPSS Modeler and Weka programs were used in data mining research. As a result of the research, the types of failures with a risk priority number value above 100 were reduced to an acceptable level by making improvements.C5.0 algorithm, one of the data mining classification algorithms, was applied with IBM SPSS Modeler and the factors affecting the failures of the personnel were determined. As a result of the research, it was determined that the most important reason was whether the personnel were professional or not. According to the classification result made with WEKA J48 algorithm, the most effective factor causing the personnel to make mistakes was determined as the training status of the personnel.

14

Authors: Reshma. S.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is considered as the evolution of Electric vehicle in which hydrogen is taken as a fuel. In this paper, a novel Alternative Electric Propulsion System has been proposed to tackle the major issues in HEV such as, the long auto ignition delay, hydrogen gas fuel depletion and power energy demand. Initially, Perpetual extent cauldron has been introduced to tackle the long auto ignition delay via considering pressure levels, lean, quasi-stoichiometric and rich conditions for estimation of delay time which handled through simulation. Consequently, Canny predicament approach is adopted to handle the hydrogen depletion in emergency cases by introducing predicament manipulate algorithm where fuel reserved in house as well as boost converter will contributed in this algorithm to fulfill the hydrogen demand. In addition, Astute power prepotency is proposed to manage the power energy demand with the cooperation of manifold proxy system, which can be achieved via communication between multiple agents via supervising agent as well as predicament manipulate algorithm can subordinate for such power energy demand. Thus it provides, an efficient electric propulsion system for hybrid electric vehicle with power management. This proposed system has been implemented in MATLAB Simulink and compared with the recent researches.

30

Authors: Danila Kondrashov, Evgeniy Rogozhnikov, Renat Abenov, Serafim Novichkov, Evgeniy Ageev, Andrey Zhalsaraev

In the 5G concept, nonpublic networks can be used in any private enterprises. However, the most relevant at present is the introduction of private networks in priority sectors of the economy. These are such sectors as communications and telecommunications, production and distribution of electricity, as well as housing construction. The paper considers four scenarios for calculating the total cost of a 5G network, as well as three scenarios for deployment in various sectors. For calculations, the authors define the concepts of CAPEX and OPEX, and present the architecture of the 5G network. The calculation was performed by the optimal method in each individual scenario. The results of the work were obtained by mathematical modeling in the Matlab environment.

8

Authors: Hoang Thi Thanh Hang, Tran Trong Huy, Nguyen Thi Kim Phung, Nguyen Thi Huynh Uyen

The article assesses the impact of capital structure on the performance of energy enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market, with data of 35 energy enterprises from 2012 to 2020 through using the XGB (Extreme Gradient Boosting) algorithm in python-based machine learning along with techniques to extract general insights from a machine learning models such as Xgboost feature importance and Shap (Shapley additive explanation). Research results show that enterprises with large capital size (SIZE) operate less efficiently, while enterprises with large net fixed assets over total assets (GROW) operate more efficiently. It is important for energy enterprises to reduce long-term debt (LDR), increase short-term debt (LDR) and reduce total debt to total assets (TDR) to maintain optimal capital structure while ensuring liquidity (LIQ) to improve business performance.

8

Authors: Marcelo Oliveira, Wagner Andrade, Isabella dos Santos, Menfecy Amaral, Gisele Cintra

The present work focuses on a case study applying a maintenance management system model based on the degree of maturity in a thermoplastic industry. The system must support the decisions of the organization and promote progress in the company's continuous improvement system. The study was based on the answers to a questionnaire submitted to the maintenance, production, and process engineering sectors. The internal perception was compared with external perception in order to perform an analysis of the field of view of the three sectors on the current position of the maintenance sector in relation to the maintenance maturity model used for this analysis. From the application of the model, it was possible to develop a strategic action plan based on lean practices, so that the maintenance areas advance towards the higher levels of the maturity scale, aiming to reach and maintain performance levels recognized as excellence.

10

Authors: Marcelo Oliveira, Amanda Tavares, Isabella dos Santos, Gabriela Veroneze

Continuous improvement is seen as a great alternative to maintain an organization's level of competitiveness, as the globalized world increasingly requires more capacity and flexibility. This study addresses the implementation of part of a production system, based on lean manufacturing concepts, in the productive sector of a tire manufacturing company. The objective is to improve the performance of safety, quality, costs, and standards and generate impacts in the creation of organizational culture through the use of tools and visual management. Thus, through the results obtained, it was observed that there was a significant reduction in expired products (quality) and in the consumption of knives (cost), resulting in an improvement of 94.50% and 25.30%, respectively.

10

Authors: Ateeq Ahmad, Siti Falindah Padlee, Mohd Saiful Izwaan Saadon

Electronic learning commonly known as e-learning is an interactive learning method that involves the use of information and communication technology to create a learning experience with sufficient freedom. E-learning has gained significant attention in education sectors around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic since it provides several benefits to learners including flexible learning facilities, distance learning opportunities, consistency in learning, time-saving, tracking capabilities, minimal cost facilities, quick response, interactive learning facilities, etc. From this point of view, this study assessed the e-learners' satisfaction amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions. The study was conducted using mixed methods, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings of the study demonstrated that higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia were well-prepared to ensure quality education for e-learners during the pandemic. In particular, it was found that the majority of students in higher education in Saudi Arabia were very pleased with the e-learning classroom facilities, teacher contact, accessibility, assessment, course content, course design, and course activities. Conversely, the findings of the study reveal several existing challenges of e-learning in higher education institutions, including high internet costs, technological issues, time management issues, less motivation to access e-classrooms, the quality of online classes, etc. Therefore, this paper recommends that to address the issues that might influence to e-learners' satisfaction of e-learning in higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia, concerned authorities should provide special attention to ensure technological development, professional development, communication development, and updated policies and standards.

12

Authors: Vladimir N Khmelev, Andrey V Shalunov, Roman N Golykh, Sergey A Terentyev, Viktor A Nesterov

The paper theoretically investigates the possibility of ultrasonic oscillations to remove moisture from capillary-porous materials by dispersing it under the action of shock waves formed during cavitation phenomena in the liquid phase. A physical and mathematical model based on analysis of slow growth of cavitation bubble of distorted cylindrical shape taking into account influence of cylindrical capillary walls limiting its oscillations was developed and presented. The optimum range (150-170 dB) of sound pressure levels (at the oscillation frequency of 22 kHz) at which dispersion of moisture is realized, was found. It was found that the optimal conditions of exposure to ultrasonic oscillations (according to the geometry of the sample) on the dried material are realized when the size or thickness of the layer of the dried material corresponds to the length of the ultrasonic oscillations in the air.

14

Authors: Liudmyla Sas, Iryna Boryshkevych, Valentyna Yakubiv, Yuliia Maksymiv, Aleksander Iwaszczuk

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for comprehensive assessment of technological support of production in agricultural enterprises by determining the system of indicators of production and economic activity of these enterprises, the efficiency and intensity of the use of main types of resources. In the process of research the following methods were used: statistical and economic, comparison, tabular, grouping, formalization, sociological and monographic. The article studies the problems of assessing technological support of production of enterprises as one of the aspects of their innovation activities. The content, purpose and algorithm for the use of a comprehensive assessment of technological support of production in agricultural enterprises in the context of innovativeness are substantiated. The developed method allows the management of agricultural enterprises by the results of the assessment to determine the level of technological support of production at each individual enterprise and take effective management decisions concerning the further policy of innovation development.

14

Authors: Olha Mulska, Taras Vasyltsiv, Iryna Biletska, Rostyslav Baran

The paper evaluates the quality of life and living standards of the population using the basic determinants of socio-economic, ecological, and socio-political environments (on the example of the Carpathian region of Ukraine). It expands a set of methodological tools for the analysis of ecological and social determinants' impact on the quality of life based on the complex analysis of the sensitivity of the quality of life (in the form of empirical parameter calculated based on the cost, resources, and innovative development approaches) to the change of the socio-ecological determinants as an integral quality-quantity characteristic of the environment. The results of the research allowed detecting the relationship and nature of joint variability of the quality of life and ecological and social indicators.

18

Authors: Tugkan Arici, Aydin Ozdemir, Ersan Cigerim, Mehmet Sahin Gok

This study evaluates the efficiency and productivity of technology companies included in the BIST 100 Index and Fortune 500 list using the DEA-Malmquist model. Firstly, technology-oriented efficiency analyses were conducted. In the second stage, we aim to analyze the efficiency trend of longitudinal (panel) data using the Malmquist approach to understand the frontier shift and efficiency changes from 2005 to 2019. R&D expenditure, R&D personnel cost, total personal number, and marketing expenditure were considered as inputs, while total income, export income, and the patent number were considered as outputs. According to the findings, fifteen of twenty-seven firms were on the frontier once, but only three were on the frontier more than three times. Eighteen firms improved in the Malmquist Index (TFPCH) from 2015 to 2019, with the most improvement in 2015-2016. Besides that, in 2019, a performance improvement of seven percent compared to 2015. Furthermore, it is determined that Scale Efficiency scores increase by 0.163 for extra Net Sales of firms.

6

Authors: Branislav Milenković

In this paper, the complete kinematic and dynamic analysis of cam and follower is done and critical angular speed is determined for each design to predict when the follower jumps off the cam. Analytical method is used, as it is more accurate and less time consuming and if programmed for the complete solution. The dynamic force analysis determines the cam contact forces and values of kinematic parameters at which the design fails. The analytical calculation is done in excel sheet for both kinematic and dynamic analysis of cam follower system for any rotational speed and angle of rise.

8

Authors: Shankar Moguthala, R Senthil Kumar

Power quality is a set of electrical boundaries that allows a piece of equipment to function in its intended manner without significant loss of performance or life expectancy. All electrical devices are prone to failure when exposed to one or more power quality problems. It is necessary for engineers, technicians, and system operators to become familiar with power quality. In this paper the solution is given by Static Compensator (STATCOM) with the desired reference current for Multilevel inverter based STATCOM for distribution system is employed. An investigation of multilevel inverter-based Distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) with FLC in Power distribution System (PDS) for compensation of reactive power and harmonics mitigation. Cascaded H-bridge inverters having several advantages over conventional swathing devices are low harmonic distortion, reduced number of switches there by suppression of switching losses. The advantage of CHB Inverter is reducing the number of switches and thus switching losses. Hence in our paper we have proposed a DSTATCOM based Cascaded multilevel inverter by sing fuzzy logic controller to mitigate the switching losses, harmonics, and to compensate reactive power.

10

Authors: Dragisa Micic, Zorica Lazic

In this paper, the kinematics of the motion of an inner moving circle along a twice as large fixed outer circle will be considered. Such circles are known in science as Cardan circles. Specifically, within this topic of the paper, cases will be presented where when rolling a small cardan circle within a large cardan circle, all points along the circumference of the small cardan circle will describe straight lines, which correspond to the diameter of the large cardan circle in length and position. Particular attention is paid to the determination of the turning circle as well as all other kinematic parameters in four-member transmissions.

10

Authors: Naw Phyu Zar Thwin, Yan Naing Soe, Amiya Bhaumik, Midhunchakkarayarthy

In the fiercely, overcrowded competitive business environment, the most valuable assets for the organization to adapt and survive are well-trained and developed employees who have skill, knowledge, and a positive attitude. Talent Training and development is vital to achieving a long-term competitive advantage and organizations are trying to improve employee performance by investing in employee training and development. This study aims to analyze the impact of training and development on employee performance in the Myanmar internet service provider industry. A descriptive research method was used, and a sample size of 250 employees was taken for the study representing 25% of the entire population. Disproportionate stratified random sampling is used to divide and examine the groups within the population. A structured questionnaire was delivered to employees of Stream Best Net ISP Co., Ltd. and Global Welink ISP Co., Ltd. to collect the data. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches are used to gather the primary data and to design the questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 was used. Percentages, means, frequency, and standard deviations were computed. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to define the relationship between independent and independent variables. The result showed that there is a positive correlation between training and development and employee performance.

10

Authors: Serap Kalfaoğlu, Eda Ayçeken

EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) was established in 1988, by 14 leading European organizations with the mission of being the driving force of Sustainable Excellence in Europe and the vision of a world in which European institutions achieve excellence and is a non-profit organization based on the membership system. In this study, the satisfaction of the employees, one of the criteria of the EFQM excellence model, is tried to be measured. For this purpose, the evaluation of the situation according to the EFQM criteria at the Private Hospitals in Konya/Turkey, which conducts quality studies in line with EFQM model, is aimed to determine the level of satisfaction of the hospital department managers. As a result of the study, the satisfaction of the staff of the hospitals is at a moderate level. Also, managers' satisfaction levels do not change according to the department they work in. It is observed that the people in the management level benefit the employees to raise the working standards.

12

Authors: Duriseti V. Srikanth, K. K. Chaturvedi, A. C. Reddy

In this paper the modified Reynold's and energy equations of a hydroelectric thrust bearing were solved simultaneously using a scheme of finite differences. Variations in viscosity across the pad film, as well as the hot oil carryover effect, were taken into account. The pad deformation was computed using ANSYS and a linked finite-element technique. A mesh convergence test verified the convergence of the numerical results. The analyzed lubricants were DTE heavy medium oil and a variety of next generation low tox turbine oils. An additional theoretical and established experimental analysis was used to estimate and compare lubricant toxicity. Unlike in previous studies, this study defines the independent factors which control the selection of a lubricant viz. its hydrodynamic efficiency and toxic content.

12

Authors: Anis M'halla

Developments presented in this paper are devoted to the monitoring of railway transport systems. Stochastic P-time Petri Nets (SP-TPN) are used for modelling. With the aim of improving the railway transport quality, we propose a new monitoring structure able to react to different situations without prior knowledge of the system's failure modes. The failure detection is based on taking into account the temporal aspect of the system to be monitored. In this context, the developed supervision approach, based on timed automaton, aims to detect, locate failures that affect system performance and reliability. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the dynamic monitoring approach, an application to realistic railway networks is outlined.

14

Authors: Nabil Ouriniche, Zahra Benabbou, Hassan Abbar

Managing Corporate Social Responsibility “CSR” performance presents a great difficulty for the company since it involves managing the three main dimensions of sustainability simultaneously. This is why we focus on decision-making and control systems to achieve the main objective of the research; which serves to manage global performance. A qualitative study was carried out through a case study carried out within a Moroccan company labeled "CSR". Analysis of the results showed that the sustainability balanced scorecard can be an effective instrument for managing global performance. The latter is a complicated and systematic process that necessitates a high level of coordination among the company's stakeholders. Again, the use of Business Intelligence helps the company to control its strategic information through its ability to process a large volume of data with better quality, its decision-making capabilities, and better support for strategic objectives through improved performance and the integration of data from different sources.

4

Authors: Rodrigo F S Gomes

This paper explores critical factors related to the application of data science in the field of safety and discusses plausive causes to explain why the herewith called safety data science (SDS) is still a distant reality in most organizations. To do that, existing literature was screened and inductive reasoning was used to identify potential barriers for the massive use of SDS. As a result, basic foundations are introduced and three critical factors are discussed: (1) the lack of theoretical foundations in SDS to guide empirical applications; (2) unavailability or poor safety data at the organizational level, and (3) the lack of expertise related to data science from the perspective of safety professionals. The study has important implications. From the theoretical perspective, it offers an initial conceptual baseline for SDS and presents its critical factors. Also, directions are given for safety practitioners to explore SDS at the organizational level.

8

Authors: Badri Narayan Mohapatra

The Internal quality environment in a room/office purely depends on the daylighting. Light pipe offers to bring sunlight through passive way to the core of the building. Reduce the use of electric lighting and utilization of light pipes can create suitable visual activity and contribute more comfort than electric light. This paper aims building light pipe design optimization on lighting level by using cloud based simulation.

10

Authors: Brikena Xhaferi, Gezim Xhaferri

This study aims to examine the type of learner motivation of the students studying foreign languages at South East European University (SEEU) in North Macedonia during their online classes caused by the global Pandemic COVID-19. Both teachers and students of this Institution faced several challenges. In order to be able to reach learning outcomes, the students must be motivated and engaged while attending online lessons. The present study uses two instruments to address the research questions designed; a student questionnaire, Motivation to Learn Online Questionnaire (MLOQ), and a teacher semi-structured interview. Overall, the study results revealed that the participants of the study are more intrinsically motivated than extrinsically. The instructor support was reported to be in a very high level in terms of teacher-students communication, responded to students in a timely manner and providing guidance for the students during online classes. Nevertheless, teachers changed their assessment methods which respond to the students’ needs and tried different instructional techniques to enhance student motivation for learning among which the online quizzes, class discussion and online presentations. The findings of the present study will provide EFL teachers with some new insights and practical ideas for increasing student motivation during online classes.

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Authors: Bismark Budu, Justice Ekow Abban, Bhagwan Shree Ram

The distribution system is the power grid component that forms the network pathways of distributing the power generated to their various feeders connected across it to meet the required load demand. As of recent, its operation of distributing quality power to its cherished feeders and consumers has become a major challenge due to the complicated nature of applying smart systems to meet the high and sophisticated load demands in this dispensation where advancement in engineering, science and technology is becoming predominant. Currently, high concerns have been raised on soliciting effective management techniques to curb these problems bedeviling the power distribution network. Hence this research article sort to present an overview of some of the pertinent strategic management techniques of smart systems for power distribution operations to bring security, stability, reliability, power quality to the distribution network and also enhance the system performance of the power grid as a whole.

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Authors: Leonard M. Akuwueke, Chinwuba V. Ossia, Harold U. Nwosu

This study presents the development and physicomechanical optimization of friction lining composites from organic chemically activated carbon. Three types of chemically activated carbon from palm kernel shells (PKS) and coconut shell (CS) giving 3 volumetric ratios of CS (XCS) with 3 particle sizes (XPS) and 3 reinforcement weight concentrations (XWT). The composites were experimentally evaluated for mechanical properties (flexural strength FS, tensile strength TS, hardness H and density D) performance using box-behnken design. ANOVA was used to determine the effects of XPS, XCS and XWT. Results showed that all properties exhibited positive main effects from XPS of order FS>TS>H>D, and a positive XPS and XCS interaction. All properties except hardness exhibited negative XPS and XWT , negative XWT and XCS, and positive XPS and XCS interactions. All, except hardness, showed all positive quadratic effect from XPS, XWT and XCS. The experimental and predicted values showed little or no difference. The friction lining composites optimal properties obtained include: hardness Hmax=87.375?? at XWT=8%wt, XCS=100%CSAC, XPS=60nm; density Dmin=0.97g/cm3 at XCS=100%CSAC, XPS=60nm and XWT=4%wt FSmax=39.97696MPa; at XCS=93.33%CSAC, XPS=150nm, XWT=4%wt and TSmax=28.65MPa at XCS=100%CSAC, XPS=150nm, XWT=4%wt. Hence, all the process variables were relevant for the development of friction-linings using agro-wastes chemically activated carbon.

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Authors: H. C. O. Unegbu, D.S. Yawas, B. Dan-asabe

A typical construction project has associated key players whose inputs are needed to improve project management effectiveness. The project performance of these key players is impacted by a number of dynamic factors which may be tangibles or intangibles. This research study assessed the impact of the project management knowledge areas on the project performance of construction industry’s key players. A questionnaire was administered to 250 selected project management personnel from 10 randomly selected companies in the construction sector in the North Central Zone of Nigeria operating over the last decade. The valid responses obtained from the respondents were 213. Altogether, 12 latent variables and 52 manifest or observed variables were used for the data analysis after the preliminary data analysis to check the validity, reliability and reduce the number of variables using the average variance extracted (AVE), the Cronbach’s alpha test, the composite reliability test and exploratory factor analysis in Microsoft Excel and the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) respectively. The result of the structural equation model (SEM) in linear structural relationship (LISREL) software used to test 29 hypotheses indicates that skillfulness in the utilization of the project management knowledge areas by the key players in construction projects improves their project performance. This is because 23 of these hypotheses were validated and only 6 were rejected because of unacceptable path coefficients. It was identified that the strongest relationships exist in the interaction of the client and quality management, the client and cost management, the client and communication management, the consultant and communication management and the project manager and quality management in the order of their path coefficients.