NPunto

8

Authors: Monzon Deniz, J

Background: The high prevalence of perineal trauma resulting from childbirth, either by spontaneous perineal tear or by episiotomy, and the significant negative consequences for maternal health, increase awareness of its prevention. There are a lot of treatments, techniques and exercises that women can perform as prevention methods. One of the most widespread is prenatal perineal massage, which has multiple advantages, for its low cost, ease of performance and good acceptance among women. The available evidence determines that prenatal perineal massage is a beneficial practice to maintain the integrity of the perineum during childbirth. However, despite being a fairly widespread practice, the technique, its frequency, duration and periodicity in its application have not been precisely specified. It is for this reason that a procedure has been proposed that respects the conclusions proposed in the available evidence. The central objective of this literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal perineal massage in preventing perineal trauma and birth-related episiotomies. In a complementary way, other objectives are raised around questions such as the frequency, duration and time of application of perineal massage. as well as the contraindications of the technique. Methodology: Bibliographic search of the scientific literature consulted the databases: PubMed, Dialnet Plus, Crochane and the search engine Google Scholar, employing the Boleano AND operator with the following Mesh: "Perineal massage", "Pregnancy", "Pelvic", "Labour" and "Perineal trauma". The age of the selected documents was 10 years, specifically in the interval of 2011 and 2022, in Spanish or English. Results: Prenatal perineal massage is a technique that increases the flexibility and elasticity of the perineal tissues, decreasing the prevalence and severity of the perineal tear and/or the need for an episiotomy during childbirth. Prenatal perineal massage decreases the incidence of postpartum pain at three months in multiparous women, shortens the second phase of childbirth, improves the healing of perineal lesions and Apgar scores. Health professionals should inform women about the benefits of perineal massage and include it as a routine practice in the preparation of childbirth. Conclusions: The high impact and morbidity associated with perineal trauma during childbirth justifies the need to establish strategies that minimize it, Prenatal perineal massage is a technique that increases the flexibility and elasticity of the perineal tissues, decreasing the prevalence and severity of the perineal tear and/or the need for an episiotomy during childbirth.

19

Authors: López García, E.P

Introduction. The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month of life, but globally it is still not achieved in the majority of children. Therefore, it is necessary to design actions aimed at identifying the problems that still gravitate to these results; There are many myths around breastfeeding and they have nothing to do with reality; they also confuse or discourage mothers from initiating breastfeeding. These actions are not always supported by scientific research and the consequent publication of their results in an updated way. Objective. Carry out a bibliometric study on the myths and truths of breastfeeding in indexed databases during the period 2011-2021. Methodology. A bibliometric study was carried out in the following databases: Cuiden, Scielo, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Liliacs and Documed. The sample was made up of 194 published articles. Results. In the period studied, 194 articles on breastfeeding, myths and truths were published. The production of articles was not carried out in a homogeneous way in the ten years observed. On the myths of breastfeeding, the greatest scientific evidence indicates that of feeding, followed by breast anatomy.

26

Authors: Esther Campi, L

Osteoporosis is a pathology that deteriorates the skeletal system, predisposing to its rupture. At present, due to the increase in aging presented by global citizenship, which is the main cause that exposes this condition that, although it affects both sexes, women are the ones who suffer the most. The sequelae triggered by osteoporosis cause serious problems for the patient and their family environment and social life. This disease is called silent disease, since it is asymptomatic during its evolution, until its detection, when the patient consults due to intense bone or joint pain, or worse still due to a fracture of a bone in the economy, the most affected being spine, hip and forearm. Hence the relevance of early and individualized detection of the risk factors of each patient, to ensure an early diagnosis of this pathology, and in this way start the mechanisms for changing habits and behavior. Within these changes, emphasis should be placed on the importance of continuous and sustained physical exercise; In addition to insisting on balanced and natural nutrition based on age, to achieve the goal of maintaining healthy, autonomous old age and free of osteoporotic fractures.

28

Authors: Bermúdez Galindo, B

Background: Multiple sclerosis is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability among young adults and it´s characterized by great symptomatic variability, for this reason is important to develop extensive rehabilitation treatment. Within physiotherapy, the aquatic therapy could be a good treatment alternative because it combines the mechanical properties of water with therapeutic exercise and specific techniques. All this could cause multiple benefits in different physical and psychological aspects in individuals suffering multiple sclerosis. Objectives: To analyze the current scientific evidence on the use of aquatic therapy as a physiotherapy treatment in subjects with multiple sclerosis. Material and methods: The literature search was performed during January 2022 in different electronic databases such as: Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, Pubmed, Cochrane and Cinahl. Studies were selected using previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the methods used in the studies was evaluated through the PEDro and JADAD scales and then data were extracted. Results: A total of 11 controlled clinical trials were included in this review. It has shown improvements in different aspects of functional capacity and mobility, as well as in fatigue and quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis. Conclusions: The majority of studies have shown the beneficial effects of aquatic therapy in people with multiple sclerosis on fatigue, functional capacity and quality of life. However, future studies of higher methodological quality that include larger sample sizes are necessary in order to extract solid conclusions about the efficacy of this therapy.

2

Authors: Olivares Polo, L

Lutetium 177 (Lu177) therapy is a targeted radionuclide therapy (PRRT) that is only recently being used (approved in Europe in 2017). PRRTs are based on the administration of a radiopharmaceutical, which has the ability to penetrate tumor cells, and from within them, emit radiation to treat them. Lutetium-177 therapy is used for the treatment of gastroenteropathic neuroendocrine tumors that overexpress somatostatin receptors on the cell surface and that are not operable.

19

Authors: Cruz Morales, R

Mechanical ventilation is a technique of replacement of the functions performed by the lungs. There is a direct relationship between the number of days using mechanical ventilation and the appearance of complications, these being more frequent on the sixth day. Among them we find pneumonia, which is an infection of the lung parenchyma. Patients with mechanical ventilation are more likely to develop it because there is an accumulation of secretions in the oropharyngeal cavity and a decrease in mucociliary motility. Volutrauma is lung overdistention caused by the use of high volumes that exceed the limit of the lung structure. Another complication is atelectrauma, a deformation caused by shearing of the alveolar units during the opening and closing of each alveolar cycle, and finally barotrauma, which is the presence of extraalveolar air as a product of high transpulmonary pressures. The use of protective mechanical ventilation consisting of using low volumes, low PEEP and recruitment would reduce the appearance of complications associated with mechanical ventilation.

23

Authors: Moreno Obrador, A

Introduction: Oxygen therapy consists of the administration of oxygen (O2) for therapeutic purposes through low flow and high flow systems. The inhalation route is also a widely used drug route of late. To avoid complications and achieve a positive evolution of the pathology to be treated, these techniques should be performed appropriately, as well as implementing a correct health education for the patient and knowing how to choose the management device most suited to the individual needs of each patient. Continuing training in nursing is a professional responsibility. Objective: To understand what oxygen therapy and inhalotherapy are, as well as the correct use of the devices that integrate these therapies. Methodology: Bibliographic review. Different databases were consulted: Medline, Dialnet, Google Scholar and PubMed. Articles were chosen in Spanish, Portuguese and/or English that meet quality criteria. Reading and critical analysis of the information collected. Development: Oxygen is considered a drug. The clinic, arterial blood gas and pulse oximetry allow to know when to remove it to avoid possible adverse effects. Low flow devices do not provide all the inspired gas, and amount of the inspired volume is taken from the environment. High flow devices provide the patient’s total inspiratory requirement. Home oxygen therapy prolongs the life of the hypoxemic patient, improves exercise tolerance and prevents clinical deterioration caused by respiratory failure. The most recommended devices for administering medication by inhalation are inhalers, however, many require nebulizations. Conclusions: Oxygen is considered a drug, so it is important to comply with its indications and know its adverse effects. Oxygen supply should be initiated as the first treatment strategy in patients with hypoxemia. The characteristics of each patient should be taken into account to choose the most suitable device to administer oxygen, inhalations or nebulizations. Considering also the possible benefits of its use in the home, corroborated in COPD. When we administer medication through the inhalation route we get the objective effect with a lower dose of drug, decreasing the risk of adverse effects.

23

Authors: Fernández García, G

Botulinum neurotoxin, studied for 2 centuries, has unique properties that have made it a very useful therapeutic agent for a wide variety of chronic diseases, in addition to its widely known use as a cosmetic agent. This work delves from its biochemical and pharmacological aspects to its application in current diseases and its future developments.

6

Authors: Benítez Florido, A

Drug use during pregnancy is one of the most relevant public health problems, since it causes serious complications not only in the mother but also in the fetus, such as neonatal abstinence syndrome. Methods: Through an intensive bibliographic search on this topic in different databases such as Medline, Up to date, Cochrane, journals and scientific pages, articles that have met all the inclusion requirements have been selected. Results: For the diagnosis of SAN, it is necessary to carry out an assessment and early detection of the problem, minimizing the consequences on the fetus as much as possible. In addition, it shows the importance of teamwork and especially that of nursing throughout the process. Conclusions: Currently, there are still disagreements regarding the dose of drugs to treat this syndrome in neonates, therefore, this allows us to open new lines of future research to unify criteria.

14

Authors: García Rodríguez, P

Childbirth is a painful process and now the woman has the ability to decide what methods can use for pain relief, this is a part of what is known as "humanized childbirth". Many women don’t want to use the traditional method of epidural anesthesia as it is an invasive process so there are what are currently known as analgesic alternatives. These involve using non-pharmacological methods to try to relieve pain. This work consists of describing these alternatives and seeing if they are effective like epidural anesthesia. There is a wide variety of analgesic alternatives and although very few are actually considered effective in relieving pain, maternal satisfaction appears to be a positive indicator for their use.

19

Authors: Albuerne Canal, A.M

Preterm or premature delivery is defined as that gestation ends below 37 weeks spontaneously or by medical indication. Globally, there are around 15 million premature births a year, or about 11 per-cent of all live births. This situation represents the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide and the most common cause of neonatal hospitalization.

2

Authors: Olivares Polo, L

Multiple Gate Acquisition Scan is a nuclear medicine imaging test that involves taking images of the heart to assess heart function. The test consists of injecting the patient with their own red blood cells (previously extracted by venipuncture) marked with a tracer that emits radiation and allows the image to be formed. To carry it out, the collaboration of nursing is essential, on the one hand to support the patient throughout the process and on the other to carry out the necessary techniques for the correct evolution of the test. The nurse responsible for performing this test must be in possession of a nuclear medicine operator's license.

5

Authors: Noriega Campos, E

Introduction: care for patients with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome requires autonomous nursing professionals with clinical judgment in the performance of their role. They must have continuous training that allows them to be able to respond to the problems and needs of patients. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out in different databases on the subject of interest, in the months of January to June of the year 2021. Internet search engines in Spanish and English were used, such as: Scielo, Pupmed, Dialnet, and Elsevier. A total of 50 articles were selected, 25. The methods used were: documentary analysis, logical history and as a descriptor the term care management and nursing care to patients with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Objectives: carry out a review of the bibliography on the essential aspects to achieve an adequate management of care and how it is applicable in these patients. Results: defining care management can be complex, it varies according to the experience of each nursing professional or the work area in which they have worked; However, there is a point in common, where it seeks to guarantee and directly or indirectly improve people's health care. Conclusions: To establish optimal care focused on problem-solving in patients with multi-organ dysfunction, a comprehensive and understandable Nursing assessment is necessary. The implementation of the EAP guides and justifies the pertinent and coherent care to be able to satisfy the affected needs.

23

Authors: Vallejo Sánchez, V

Being a carrier of an ostomy is one of the consequences that an oncological process can entail. Nursing is responsible for providing health education to these patients and teaching them how to face this challenge. Unfortunately, our profession focuses on numerous occasions, only on the biological part of the process, ignoring the sexual need of the patient who occupies a very important part in his life. In this article, we will review all available information on sexuality in ostomized patients. Trying to find solutions that remove or reduce the barriers that currently limit our field of action.

26

Authors: Álvarez Sariego, M

Nowadays, there are many people who are subjected to surgical interventions in order to implant an ostomy to solve a health problem. That is the reason why health professionals should be specialized in this area in order to support them in the process, thus achieving a better adaptation to the change that they suffer both in the physical, psychological and social aspects. This review seeks to know the different types of ostomies that exist and the complications that they can entail, as well as the changes in the quality of life of patients and the interventions that nursing professionals can carry out to facilitate this process and improve the self-esteem of patients. Objectives: The main objective is to know the quality of life in patients with ostomies. Methodology: Bibliographic review carried out by consulting 2 databases, obtaining a total of 22 articles. Results: A series of articles are obtained that show the different existing ostomies, the complications they can generate, how they affect the quality of life of patients and the nursing interventions to be carried out. Conclusion: Given the incidence of patients with ostomies, it is important that nursing professionals have adequate training to be able to carry out adequate monitoring of this population, thus increasing their quality of life.

9

Authors: Moreno Román, A

Introduction Mental health problems are increasing in children and adolescents. The school nurse is one of the professionals indicated and trained for its prevention, detection and monitoring in the school environment. Childhood is a crucial stage for the development and formation of the child. That is why it is necessary to train them in greater resilience that allows them to address the problems and stress of normal life in a non-pathological way. Objectives Review the existing literature on the attention of the school nurse to students with mental and behavioral health problems: Perception of skills and barriers. Material and methods This bibliographic review was carried out during the months of November, December 2020, and January and February 2021 in specialized electronic databases in English (Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, WOS) and in Spanish (Dialnet, Cuiden, MEDES, IBECS, Cochrane Library Plus). After the search process and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 documents were finally reviewed. Conclusion The attention to mental problems in school by school nurses is reduced by a series of barriers such as work overload, shortage of time and resources and lack of training in this area. Despite this, it is the group that is considered most appropriate for the care of young people with emotional and mental problems, always advocating teamwork with teachers and mental health specialists and considering the family as a fundamental pillar.

20

Authors: Pociello Llohan, L

Introduction: Since the first application of the ECMO system in respiratory pathology in 1972, until today it is mainly used in critical patients, much remains to be studied and discussed about the application of ECLS. The guidelines recommend the application of its use, but there is no standardized protocol to carry it out. Objective: The objective of the study is to synthesize the best evidence from the scientific literature, describing the survival rate, neurological sequelae and possible complications in the application of ECMO in CRP. Methodology: A literature review has been carried out in the databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane, Scielo and Lilacs. Several filters and inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied for the search strategy. Finally, 10 scientific publications have been selected for this work. Results: We have performed the analysis of several articles, synthesizing them and organizing them in tables with the purpose of complying with the review and being able to arrive at an update of current situation. Conclusions: Although more research and random studies are needed, this review concludes that the application of ECLS with respect to CCPR has a higher survival rate, a 30-day favorable neurological state and no more complications than the routine application of ECMO.

21

Authors: Marinas García, L

This papel explains the need for occupational therapists working in the field of mental health so that they have greater independece in their daily lives and, therefore, a better quiality of life. There are a large number of articles in wich it is specified that people diagnosed with a mental disorder may have difficulties in functioning, both at basic level, as well as, social and/or work. For this, an intervention program is established in mental health centers and at home, taking into account the necessary follow-up so that the routines established in a timely manner are maintained. In addition, this program also takes into consideration that there are stigmas in society, and therefore, the empowerment of people must be carried out in case thery have low self-esteem to face certain activities, taking into account the family or environment closer if necessary. Since each person has different needs and realities, the program is carried out individually and appropiate to relevant objectives in each case. Emphasize that the proposed objectives are born from an agreement between the occupational therapist and the patient.

32

Authors: Morales Coro, P

Mental health is an accessible and free right that should be given to the entire population, but there had been a perceived lack of mental health care because of obstacles such as social stigma. Therefore, the community must continue to work on actions based on promoting mental health, preventing mental disorders and rehabilitating a mental disorder. Thus, one of the most appropriate disciplines to intervene would be occupational therapy. Why? Because through occupation (our day to day) we acquire our feelings and thoughts, and on the basis of these we build our mental health.