NPunto

18

Authors: Valdés Álvarez, M., González Molejón, J.A., García Álvarez, M.A., Iglesias Ruisánchez, S., González Bello, D

EP is the second most frequent disease in the West behind Alzheimer’s disease, it presents as a chronic, long-lasting, irreversible disease with a symptomatology that worsens over time. Although many studies today do not know the causes that triggers, it is postulated that the answer could be in genetic predisposition along with environmental factors.

22

Authors: Sumillera Diéguez, C.I

In this paper, we will conduct a bibliographic review on gender-based violence. As this phenomenon is very broad, we aim to focus mainly on the treatment of male aggressors. Therefore, we will give a brief review of what gender-based violence is, going through some of the most relevant theories about factors which cause it, and explanations about maintaining a violent relationship. We will touch lightly on the psychological consequences for the victims (both women and sons and daughters). All this will serve to put us in context and broadly address the possibilities of psychological treatment to male aggressors: the reason for the importance of this treatment, what types of therapy currently exist, difficulties in this type of therapy, necessary training of therapists... and other data that we consider to be of interest when working with this population.

25

Authors: Monzoncillo Benés, E

Terminal disease is one that is an advanced stage and therefore does not respond to treatments, so death is expected, in a short period of time. The advanced stage of a terminal patient fulfils the following characteristics: The disease is incurable and its progression is rapid It does not respond to any type of treatment. The prognosis of life, is less than 6 months, so there is a strong emotional impact on the patient, his family and health specialists given the proximity of death, causing an important physical suffering, as well as the loneliness and isolation of Patient. Cancer is a very common pathology to be seen in this terminal phase. So when choosing a case study for my master thesis, I chose a stage IV of lung cancer in the terminal four months after its diagnosis that did not respond to any type of treatment. To do so I make a plan of care where in addition to giving the importance that deserves the patient, I also center in the family, it is important to cite them when talking about this disease, they play a very important role in it. So descriptively, we will treat concepts related to palliative care, concepts of communication with the patient and his family and of course, the issue of mourning. Objective: Design a care plan aimed at the patient with terminal illness, adapting it to the psychological needs mainly, while other data that are important to know to reduce anxiety and pain and therefore to bring a better duel both them, as the primary caregiver, as the whole family itself. Material and methods: We carry out a bibliographical search of the last five years in different databases, using key words like terminal disease, phases of terminal disease, primary caregiver, resources, ways of coping with terminal illness, duel, Terminal patient psychology and how to treat a terminally ill. I also include important points of the disease, such as treatment, care of the mouth etc, that is, points that are important to remark in the terminally ill, and that their knowledge, will do both to him, as to his family, to have greater control of the disease and by Thus reduce her anxiety. Results: After the study performed on the terminal patient, the most important thing is to emphasize that the different activities carried out on this type of patients, should not be directed to cure, but to achieve pain relief and maximum autonomy until the time of Death, so that the health workers who form the team of palliative care, both nurses, as doctors, as psychologists, should consider the aforementioned as a goal, so for this, should be supported in a proper training of the own Patient and family with such basic concepts as the care of the mouth, or how to act in an urgency or at the time of mourning, knowledge of this type of information, will make both nurse and family, are more calm and not unencumber for not knowing Acting, in this way, will better address the problems that may appear. Discussion and conclusions: Integral care for the terminal patient is essential, but it is also important to communicate and train both the sick and the family. The fact that both understand what is happening and are properly formed to know how to solve any type of problem that may arise, provokes in the binomial a tranquility that helps you to better cope with the disease and what it implies. Having a slight idea of how to cope with the situation when digestive and respiratory symptoms appear, and simply when you have pain or a small wound in your mouth, makes your own autonomy, reduce the anxiety of both.

20

Authors: Rodríguez Chacón, C., Jiménez Barragán, M., Fuentes Cantero, S

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death, with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in the world. This requires knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that produce it, as well as the risk factors associated with its development. This can allow both the prevention of the development of atherosclerosis and better control of the patient with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of the individual cardiovascular risk presented by a person can be established on the basis of risk estimation tables, which study various factors such as age, sex, smoking habit, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. Finally, the use of cardiovascular risk markers (serum lipids, triglycerides, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein A, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, nitric oxide or asymmetric dimethylarginine) is of vital importance for the management of these patients, which allow to identify individuals or population at risk for these pathologies, since they are associated with an increase in the probability of suffering cardiovascular diseases.

21

Authors: Gómez Camarón, M.B

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a very common and fatal condition and because its clinical diagnosis is impractical, in many cases, the condition is often diagnosed with a delay. In the last year, the number of thrombosis cases has seen an increase due to its connection to the coronavirus infection. This is the most important and serious consequence of this condition. This work shows that, with the deep vein thrombosis condition, prevention factors or early treatment is vital, since it can affect anyone and a delay in diagnosis or treatment can lead to cause disability and even death. One of our main objectives is to increase awareness regarding deep vein thrombosis and the link this condition has with coronavirus 19. We must bear in mind that deep vein thrombosis is a preventable condition with an early diagnosis and its corresponding treatment. With regards to its relationship to the cardiovascular system, in patients with COVID 19, cardiovascular complications are highly prevalent in 30% of the hospitalised patients. These complications will require long term monitoring.

26

Authors: Martínez Garrido, D

The heart is a small muscular organ located in the lower part of the anterior compartment of the mediastinum. It consists of three layers of tissue and is internally subdivided into four chambers, which are connected by heart valves. The heart acts as a pump, since it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, which is possible thanks to the cardiac cycle, a coordinated succession of contraction and ratio movements, i.e., systole and diastole. The human heart develops between the third and sixth week of intrauterine development, starting in the cardiogenic plate of the embryonic mesoderm, which after multiple modifications gives rise to the definitive heart. Following the changes in the baby´s cardiovascular system after birth, the morphological and structural changes of the heart throughout a person´s life are minimal, until the physiological ageing, which again triggers a series of modifications, especially at a functional level, that increase the risk of pathologies. The most frequent of these is heart failure, a disease of progressive evolution, where nursing plays an important role in person’s health education.

13

Authors: Castillo Salas, L

Social determinants play a fundamental role in the processes of health and illness, being factors which affect the ability of all people to exercise their right to health. All sociological studies concur that illness is a social problem which is not merely limited to biological and individual factor, and as such, the influence of the social, political, economic, and cultural organisation of a society must also be considered. For this reason, addressing individual and collective health requires a multidisciplinary focus, in which social intervention is assumed by the social healthcare worker, especially when dealing with Covid-19 or mental illnesses. The consequences of this for the quality of life of the patient is the principal focus of this thesis, along with the different ways in which health may be promoted.

26

Authors: Villén Peinado, M.F

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are injuries to the skin and tissue underneath, resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin overlying bony parts of the body, such as heels, ankles, hips and coccyx. The risk of pressure ulcers increases if you are bed-ridden, or use a wheelchair and therefore also cannot make postural changes. PUs are a problem for society, both for the person who suffers from them and in terms of economic expenditure, as human and physical resources are used, resulting in long periods in hospital or attending to them in primary care, if they are not properly cared for, they can be life-threatening. From the pharmacological point of view pressure ulcers have the characteristics depending on their stages and such lesions. The main purpose to address the healing or treatment of pressure ulcers would be, on the one hand céntranos in the healing is achieved in the shortest possible time, using for them the best resources. Pressure ulcers are undoubtedly one of the most relevant and important issues in our society, as they have an excessive overall cost for the health system due to their incidence and prevalence. With all of the above, patients suffering from pressure ulcers have repercussions on their activities of daily living, which can even reduce their activity, while on the other hand it represents a high health care cost. For the WHO, the incidence of PUs is one of the indicators for determining the quality of care provided by the hospital network. In order to achieve the objective of healing pressure ulcers, the main thing is to quickly identify and use the necessary resources for healing as well as the appropriate choice of the therapeutic method to be chosen. At this point, it is necessary to invest time and knowledge to educate patients and primary caregivers about the importance of proper nutrition, which has an implicit impact on improved healing and prevention, as well as the important role of postural changes. The importance of home care for bedridden patients is important in preventing the development of pressure ulcers. Close collaboration between caregivers and professionals is necessary. Before starting treatment, a general assessment of the patient, his or her physical and psychosocial situation and the ulcer is necessary. In order to provide more complete information about pressure ulcers and their treatments, it is of interest to survey current publications on this condition through a bibliographic review of scientific and academic publications in books, scientific journals and specialised medical websites. The literature reviewed maintains the idea that the key to addressing PUs remains the assessment of risk factors for ulceration. Pressure ulcers will not heal unless the underlying causes are effectively addressed. The overall assessment needs to encompass identification and appropriate and effective therapy of the pathology, disease, nutritional status, psychosocial aspects and degree of pain, all of which leads to the conclusion that there is a high rate of developing pressure ulcers (PUs).

39

Authors: de Pablo Martínez, L

Physical activity is an important factor not only to improve quality of life, but also to prevent the progression of the disease, regardless of whether its etiology is physical or mental. In old age it becomes even more relevant and that is why psychomotor reeducation helps the elderly to improve both physical and cognitive capacity, as well as the way they relate to their peers and the environment.

20

Authors: Benítez Estupiñán, Y.M

Food is the ingestion of food by organisms to provide their nutritional needs, mainly to get energy and develop. This process is even more important during pregnancy since it not only nourishes the future mother but also the development of the future baby and later in lactation. In this very important stage of life, it is determined by an increase in maternal nutritional needs of almost all nutrients in relation to the preconception period. In case of nutritional deficiencies and imbalances in pregnancy, it can cause problems of prematurity and infant mortality and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and obesity among other pathologies. Various studies also relate it to a higher rate of neonatal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, the diet must be complete, balanced and varied to maintain the health of the pregnant woman and the baby. This diet must be rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals in order to follow an adequate development of the mother and the future newborn. Therefore, it is advisable to change or take into account aspects in the diet that will help us have a more pleasant and healthy pregnancy. As general rules, foods such as meat and fish should be cooked well, always better grilled or boiled to maintain a correct BMI during pregnancy. It is recommended between half and a liter of milk a day or its equivalents. Reduce foods with excessive amounts of fat of animal origin, such as butter bacon, cold cuts, pastries. In case of not carrying out an adequate diet during pregnancy, the future baby will have to adapt to this situation and may have difficulty adapting and thus increase the probability of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adult life.

23

Authors: Fernández Rodríguez, G

I have chosen this Master´s Final Project because I would like to expand the knowledge in my professional categories in order to be able to improve as a healthcare professional, and which is more, as a human being. Giving good patient care and the best solution to their problems gave me enough motivation to investigate the world of food within sports injuries, since they are the most common in my service. As a nurse and physiotherapist, I know that it is very important to have a good diet. In the world of sports, it is known that one of the most frequent causes when an athlete suffers an injury is related to poor eating habits in daily life. For this reason, I am going to carry out this research based on the relationship between food and sport. At the same time that this relationship is studied, an investigation will be carried out to know all the characteristics and all the nutrients within the diet, the energy that they provide to the body to carry out a correct metabolism and the benefits of a good diet, especially in sports life. As a conclusion to this research, different model diets will be proposed so that anyone, athlete or non-athlete, could follow a good diet to reach a healthy life

27

Authors: Benítez Florido, A

Eating disorders are a very important public health problem, since in recent years the number of young people who suffer from it has increased, as well as the age range has decreased. These are based on having problems related to physical image and weight, which ends up translating in one way or another, into a deterioration of the eating pattern. These disorders have a multifactorial origin and lead to negative consequences in all spheres of the human being. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of the importance of prevention in vulnerable people. In addition, to carry out an early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to cover the problems that underlie the disorder from different perspectives. Nurses play a very important role in the care of these patients, since they not only focus on the administration of drugs, but also cover the emotional and psychological aspect, thanks to the care plans. In addition, it has been verified that many activities and interventions carried out by nurses (relaxation therapies, active listening, self-esteem enhancement, support groups or laughter therapy) have a positive effect on the evolution of the disease, as well as on the patient´s mood.

19

Authors: Martí Molins, M.F

Improved radiation protection in the medical field requires a better understanding of the dosimetry and methods of protection of patients, staff and the public in general. The effects of radiation on children are more harmful, so it is important to perform proper radiation protection. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has established three principles that have also been recommended by the EURATOM (European Atomic Energy Community) directive 97/43: protection, limitation of radiation doses for exposed persons and justification of the practices. Radiation safety can be achieved by maintaining the consistency and accuracy of an established radiation protection program. However, insufficient knowledge of the protocols and practice of pediatric radiation doses has contributed to these patients receiving a higher radiation dose than is necessary. The objective of this work is to know the methods of pediatric radiological protection and their effect in the prevention of diseases related to ionizing radiation. For this, a systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. The terms used were: Ionizing radiation, Radiological Protection, Radiation protection, Pediatrics, Childhood and Radiation risk. A total of 152767 articles were obtained, of which 10 articles were selected where research protocols and studies on radiological protection in pediatrics were applied. The results showed that children exposed to ionizing radiation are theoretically subject to an increased risk of carcinogenesis compared to the general population and that pediatricians´ knowledge about radiation dose should be improved.

27

Authors: Ranera Díaz, F.F

Pediatric transport allows the pooling of material and human resources to improve patient care, especially in places where access is more difficult and allows adequate patient care and specialized emergency care. The handling is essential to guarantee a good service, they must be prepared for the knowledge of the pathologies, anticipate and stabilize the patient for the transport. The main objective is to describe the different types of pediatric transport in currently seriously ill patients. A systematic review was carried out. It was carried out through a search in different databases described below, such as: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and the Virtual Health Library. A total of 32,860 review articles were found, after using the Mendeley bibliographic gesture and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were finally obtained that met the criteria of the publication time frame, in full text, in English and Spanish, in pediatric patients. , where pediatric transport was addressed as a topic of study. In conclusion, there is no balance in terms of the distribution of resources available to the pediatric population, and in the options for interhospital transfer. Children have a constitutional right to receive the best care. It is necessary to carry out activation protocols for specialized care units. Studies in pediatric transport are necessary to take actions that allow improvement in their performance.

35

Authors: Torrecilla Cañas, J

Acute liver failure is a syndrome characterized by massive liver necrosis and sudden-onset severe liver dysfunction in previously healthy children. It is a rare entity in pediatrics but rapidly progressive and of extraordinary severity and morbility and mortality, since in almost half of the cases it leads to the death of the child or the need for a liver transplant, although the new use of extrahepatic purification techniques and the greater experience in liver transplant have significantly improved their prognosis. The etiology is unknown in around 30-50% of cases, but its study is essential to be able to establish specific treatments and make a more accurate indication about the need for liver transplantation. For this reason, various protocols or guidelines have been created for a step-by-step diagnostic approach to this entity. It requires a multidisciplinary approach within an experienced health center, initially the treatment consists of support measures and treatment of complications, especially to prevent or treat hepatic encephalopathy, all with the hope that the liver will recover spontaneously or by doing an indication for a transplant at the most appropriate time, in order to avoid a late indication that puts the child´s life in danger, but without carrying out more transplants than are strictly necessary, especially due to the implications that this has throughout the life of the child for the rest of the patient´s life. Due to the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute liver failure, the following work intends to synthesize all the current knowledge about this entity.