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ACTUACIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA EN URGENCIAS ANTE INTOXICACIÓN AGUDA POR OPIOIDES
Authors: Moya Crespo, M.J
Number of views: 6
Introduction: United States is experiencing an epidemic due to the misuse of opioids, and in Spain, in the last 20 years, there has also been an increase in the prescription of opioids, which increases the risk of poisoning. In addition, the presence of new synthetic opioids without medical authorization is exacerbating the problem. Up to one in four patients on long-term opioid medical treatment struggle with opioid addiction.
Objective: To know the impact that the consumption of opioids has on people and analyze the management of acute opioid poisoning, as well as if there are ways to identify it ahead of time and prevent it, identifying the approach from Nursing.
Methodology: A total of 56 documents, in English and Spanish, have been selected to carry out this bibliographic review. For this, search engines such as PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library or scientific journals, among others, have been used. In addition to websites such as the World Health Organization or the Spanish Ministry of Health.
Results: Opioid intoxication has a characteristic triad: Miosis, respiratory depression, and coma. The most effective measure is the administration of the antidote as soon as possible, Naloxone, which is usually administered intravenously and rapidly reverses unconsciousness and apnea caused by opioid intoxication. The initial dose undergoes some small variation according to the guidelines and the authors, but most fix it between 0.2 - 0.4 mg, depending on the severity of the symptoms.
Conclusion: The administration of Naloxone can cause withdrawal syndrome, so it is recommended to administer it in low doses and repeat it if necessary. It is possible to prevent opioid intoxication in patients at risk of their misuse, for this it is necessary to carry out a multidisciplinary follow-up from Primary Care and establish alternative strategies such as pain treatment, within a multimodal technique that includes pharmacological treatment, non-invasive interventions. pharmacological, psychological support and rehabilitation.