Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi (Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry)

3

Authors: Yafes YILDIZ, Hamit AYBERK

Koçak has reported in 1986 Eratophytes amasiella (Herrich-Schaffer, 1854) as the first record from Turkey. Up till now there is no record of the releated species in Turkey from the first record. In a similar way; there is also limited information about our other species, Dasycera imitatrix Zeller, 1847 in Turkey. In this study, new distribution areas for these two species and a new host species for Eratopytes amasiella were given.

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Authors: Ayhan GENÇER, Hüdaverdi EROĞLU

Paper manufacturing is a very high water use per ton industrial sector. Chemicals and organic and inorganic substances which pass through black solution from raw material during cooking may cause pollution. Generally, NaOH method is used to manufacture paper pulp from cereal straw. Since, sodium increases water salinity in black liquor which was a residue from paper pulp processes and it must be removed. Black liqour treatment increases the time and cost of operations. For these reasons it has become imperative to search for ways to dispose of the black liquor without performing purification. For this purpose, the alkali selected for cooking should not cause salinity to the soil. In order to produce pulp, KOH was used which is a weaker base than NaOH. Because air has bleaching characteristic, KOH-Air cookings were performed. On the other hand, if potassium is used correctly it will be a considerable nutrient for plants. In this study, the black liquor obtained was strong base having mean pH as 12. The optimum pulp manufacturing conditions were temperature, time and KOH ratio were determined as 120°C, 60 min and 18% KOH. It has seen that pulp and paper quality of KOH method compete par with traditional NaOH method pulp and paper using wheat straw.

5

Authors: Hüseyin TAN, Hatice ULUSOY, Hüseyin PEKER

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Barite on the physical and mechanical properties of wood. Barite as an impregnation material was used to be harmless to environment-related human health. Barite (BaSO4) solution was prepared with different concentrations of barite (1%, 3%, 5%), and the impregnation process of the samples were conducted according to ASTM-D 1413-76. Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis L.) obtained from the Eastern Black sea region in Turkey were used. According to the results, it showed that each wood types, retention ratio, physical properties, and mechanical properties increased with increasing concentration of barite in the impregnation solution. For the Beech wood, the highest air-dried and dried densities were found to the samples impregnated with solution that had a 1% concentration (0.63 g/cm3); the highest modulus elasticity (MOE) was in samples impregnated with solution that had a 5% concentration (16920 N/mm²); the highest bending strength (MOR) was in samples impregnated with solution that had a 50% concentration (160.40 N/mm²); and the highest dynamic bending strength was in the beech impregnated with solution that had a 50% concentration (2.78 kpm/cm2).

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Authors: Ayben KILIÇ, Sezgin Koray GÜLSOY, Yasin AYÇİÇEK

In this study, effect of stem height on the fiber morphology and chemical composition of European black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) was studied. Three different trees were cut and from each tree 3 different samples were taken (bottom, middle and top). The fiber length, fiber width, fiber lumen width, and cell wall thickness of samples were determined. By using these fiber morphological properties, the flexibility ratio, slenderness ratio, and Runkel ratio of fibers were calculated. Holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, hot-cold water solubility and alcohol solubility values were determined. According to the results, samples taken from the bottom of European black pine have more flexible fibers, high amount of cellulose and low amount of lignin than samples taken from middle and top of the tree. From this aspect, we could conclude that pulp made from lower parts of the stem has high yield and strength. However, upper part of the tree is also acceptable for pulping with its fiber and chemical composition.

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Authors: Erol IMREN, Selman KARAYILMAZLAR, Rıfat KURT, Yıldız ÇABUK

Establishing business for entrepreneurs comprises of very challenging processes such as review, feasibility, evaluation, planning, investment decision and implementation. For this reason, entrepreneurs have to allocate their scarce resources to investments that can provide the most favorable outcome among alternative uses. In this study, it was aimed to determine the most suitable forest industry operation type for Bartin province by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which is one of the most criteria decision making methods. Forest industry types and criteria considered to be made in the study were determined by experts and as a result of the evaluations made, it was determined that the most suitable operation type for the Bartin province is the timber manufacturing..

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Authors: Muhammet Esat ÖZDAĞ, Murat YEŞİLKAYA, Yıldız ÇABUK

In this study, the furniture foreign trade (export and import) between Turkey and Germany was estimated between the years 2017-2023. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was utilized as the method. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was utilized as the method. The selected independent variables were the populations of countries, Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and real exchange rates while the sector export-import and time were used as dependent variables. 16-year data set obtained was grouped into two as test and training in this study and it was aimed to enable the network to gain the best coefficients with 5000 iteration and make the closest estimations on the test data. The results show that the artificial neural networks are an efficient estimation method for furniture foreign trade. These results are aimed to make predictions for the future plans for furniture industry between two countries.

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Authors: Bilgin İÇEL, KADİR KAYAHAN, Özkan AVCI

Tables and chairs located in the small kitchens reduce the area of ​​use and prevent housewives from working comfortably. In this context, it is seen that the kitchens of the houses are small and the ceilings of the kitchens are separated for the lower and upper cabinets, the white goods and the countertops while the other ceilings are generally reserved for the kitchen table and chairs. In this study, the characteristics of the kitchen table and chairs to be designed as a result of the face - to - face interviews with the individuals living in TOKI dwellings in Bartın province were examined. During the one-hundred-and-one interviews, the kitchen tables and chairs to be designed were asked for expected features. The data obtained within the scope of the study were analyzed with the help of SPSS program. In addition, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated to determine the reliability for the sample group of the scale. The end result is that the most important feature for a newly designed kitchen table and chairs is solid and the price is low. It has also been found that women are more important for having aesthetic appearance of tables and chairs and that married individuals desire less space for tables and chairs.

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Authors: Erhan YAVUZ

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the situation of wildlife human conflict in Giresun. The data were collected by registered hunters through a survey of hunting associations on the ground. In the last part of the study, 78% of the respondents said that rural areas under the pressure of urbanization will cause conflicts between humans and wild animals, 59% of them have little intervention in hunting and wildlife environments, 74% he said. 42% of respondents pointed out that wild animals are harmful to agricultural products, and the participant stated that wild animals do not threaten human health. As the most important cause of human and wild life conflicts; the approach of wild animals to settlement areas to find food and the desire of people to hunt wild animals.

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Authors: Bülent KAYGIN, Mehmet DEMİR

Furniture design is an important factor influencing the quality of life. Today, more attention is paid to the comfort, safety, and health of the users in addition to the visual appearance in the design of the furniture. Therefore, it is necessary to make designs for the characteristics of the user who uses the furniture. The user-centered design (UCD) is used in the interior design of all kinds of motor vehicles, office furnitures, educational institutions' furnitures, home furnitures and hospital furnitures, that is, every area in which the person himself/herself is located. In this study, a general research has been carried out on the importance and necessity of implementing “UCD” in furniture design, which has been rapidly increasing recently.

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Authors: Sebahat AÇIKSÖZ, Pınar BOLLUKCE, Gizem CENGİZ GÖKÇE

In this study, the answer to the question "How can ecotourism be developed?” with the concept of sustainable development in the field without losing rural landscape identity has been sought in a case of a settlement which is selected as a study area, Ahatlar Village that is located in Amasra District of Bartın Province. This study involves four main stages as data collection, analysis, evaluation and results-suggestions. In the phase of evaluating the analysis results, main features of Ahatlar are found to be as follows: Ahatlar Nature Park, sightseeing points in Amasra scenery, wooden handicrafts / workshops and local bazaar products. As a result, in ecotourism studies in Ahatlar, ecotourism scenarios have been built in which each one is dominant in order to support the rural characteristics and develop the place in the region: "Amasra's Balcony", "Wooden Workshops", "Local Bazaar".

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Authors: ESRA PULAT , Barbaros YAMAN

The anatomical, physical and mechanical differences between stem and branch wood in forest trees have been known for many years. Anatomical studies in Turkey have mainly focused on stem wood with little attention on branch wood. However stem and branch woods differ significantly for vessel or tracheid frequency, vessel or tracheid’s tangential and radial diameter, ray frequency, ray width and ray height etc. In this study, stem and branch woods of Pinus brutia, Alnus glutinosa, Juglans regia and Robinia pseudoacacia species were compared for some of the anatomical properties. For P. brutia, the tangential and radial tracheid diameters are narrower and the number of tracheids per mm2 is higher in the branch wood compared to the stem wood. Similarly, the tangential and radial diameters of vessels are narrower and vessel frequencies are higher in the branch woods compared to the stem woods for A. glutinosa, J. regia and R. pseudoacacia. Ray widths of P. brutia, J. regia and R. pseudoacacia are narrower in branches than in stems. But for A. glutinosa ray width is narrower in stem wood. In branch woods of P. brutia and R. pseudoacacia, ray frequency is higher than in stem wood. In the other two species, there is no statistically significant difference between branch and stem wood in terms of ray frequency. In all species examined, ray height is shorter in branch wood, with some exceptional example trees.

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Authors: Yener TOP, Hakan ADANUR, Mehmet ÖZ

This study aims to demonstrate the environmental awareness and practices of micro-scale businesses operating in the furniture and timber industry, which are two sub-sectors of the forest products industry. Small and medium-sized businesses have a significant place in every country's economy for their size, production and employment. While 99.9% of the timber, furniture and paper sub-sectors constituting the forest industry are in the small and medium-sized class, 96% of them are in the micro-scale business class. Although the environmental impacts of each of these businesses are limited, they have an important influence in total. Since the late 1980s, environmental impacts of businesses have been an increasing matter of concern. As a result, there is an increasing pressure on small and medium-sized business owners and managers to improve their environmental management practices and performances. A questionnaire was applied to 120 businesses representing 885 micro-scale timber and furniture producing businesses operating in Trabzon by face to face interview in 2015. The clear majority of these businesses believe there is environmental pollution, but the number of businesses that believe their businesses less pollute the environment. In addition, some of the results of the survey are that 66% of the businesses believe that waste cannot be reduced and there is no organization collecting the waste.

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Authors: Bülent CENGİZ, Pelin KEÇECİOĞLU DAĞLI, Sinem YİĞİTTEKİN

Due to its geographical location, Turkey comes to the forefront in terms of natural plant diversity and endemism. However, the nursery enterprises that are referred for plant material in landscape applications are insufficient with respect to ensure natural plant species. In the study, three landscape and ornamental plants nursery enterprises belonging to the private sector in Eyüpsultan (Istanbul) were evaluated. The purpose of the article is to make a sectoral analysis for presenting the current situation of selected nursery enterprises. After the plant material in the nursery enterprises was investigated, a total of 134 outdoor ornamental plant species were identified, 103 of which (49.76%) were Angiospermae, and 31 (14.97%) were Gymnospermae. In addition, 45 (21.74%) indoor ornamental plants and 28 (13.53%) seasonal flowers were identified. The total number of outdoor ornamental plants, indoor ornamental plants and seasonal flowers were 207. In the selected nursery enterprises, it was determined that the sale of exotic species were more common than the natural species as indoor and outdoor ornamental plant species. In the direction of the obtained data, the importance of the development of proposals for landscape economy was emphasized in terms of the natural vegetation usage in application projects and innovative nursery management policy production with sustainable landscape approach.

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Authors: Halil Barış ÖZEL, Selim ÜZGÜN

This study was carried out the determination for site conditions, silvicultural properties and ground vegetation structure in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) forests in the Yenihan Forest Range District. The mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperatue and soil type were determined for site conditions in the sample plots. Total 8 sample plots were selected in the different stand type for determination of stand structure and ground vegetation type. Structure and ground vegetation type. The crown areas, height breast diameter heights, age, wet and dry branch height were measured of all trees in the sample plots. The stand profile was drawn of each sample plots and amount of trees, state of layer, total height breast area, top height, diameter andage were determined for occured relationship about tress in the sample plots. The plant samples were collected for vegetation surveys in the research area. Later, species and taxonomy were determined of plant samples and frequency and degreee of cover were determined plants of the ground vegetation level in the sample plots by Braun-Blanquet method and high degree was observed cover of ground vegetation of the oriental beech stands in the Yenihan forest district.

4

Authors: Abdullah İSTEK, Coşkun KURŞUN, Deniz AYDEMİR, Süheyla Esin KÖKSAL, Orhan KELLECİ

Particle board industry is one of the important sector in our country. Significant studies are fulfilled in this sector as to balance quality and cost of production. In this study we aim to investigate mechanical and physical resistance of particle board which has different surface layer material proportion that is important in that it can be affect directly production quality and cost of manufacturing process. Test samples were produced in Yıldız Entegre Mudurnu factory. In this study four test group were produced according to their weight proportions. Surface layer material proportions were used in test samples according to weight proportions in which they have %18,5-18(1.group), %18-17,5(2.group), %17,5-17(3.group) and%17-16,5(4.group) respectively. Test samples which are 1m length and 2,1m width were taken during process at the saw station then those were ventilated 24 hour at the room temperature. Test samples were sanded after they ventilated. After samples calibrated at sanding station they were cut by means of diagonally saw. Laboratory tests were conducted in Yıldız Entegre Mudurnu Factory. In the screwing test best result was obtained out of %18,5-18 surface layer proportion. In the other tests any meaningful results were not obtained as to mechanical tests. On the other hand in the physical test that is density test did not show any significant difference. But best results in the swelling test and water intake test were taken out of %18,5-18 test samples. In the view of this study we can say that if manufacturers want to sell their products to clients who use particle board indoor, they can decline surface layer material quantity down to %17-16,5 level.

6

Authors: Erdi EKREN

Urbanization which is one of the most serious problems in 21st Century, causes many environmental problems such as concrete areas and population increase. Although the decreasing urban green areas cause many environmental problems, it provides a basis for developing vertical garden. The vertical gardens are defined as gardens that cover façade walls with using various plant species by systems. The vertical gardens not only increase urban green areas but also have some functions such as sound and heat isolation, energy productivity, air quality improvement, heat island reduction, aesthetics occurrence, and positive contribution to human psychology. Factors such as constant maintenance difficulties, high cost, lack of knowledge and consciousness in vertical gardens are preparing for the aesthetic purposes and preventing the spread of applications. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the advantages of the vertical gardens and their risks. In this context, literature review was conducted and vertical garden’s types and the advantages and risks of vertical garden were examined. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that the vertical gardens had an important place in urban areas especially for increasing energy efficiency and ensuring sustainable development.

6

Authors: Zeynep Eda Özan, Saadettin Murat Onat, Deniz Aydemir

In this study, the effects of heat treatment on some properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Uludağ fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) woods were investigated. Wood specimens conditioned at a relative humidity of 65% and a temperature of 20°C were subjected to heat treatment at 190 for 4 h. After heat treatment, density, water absorption, dimensional stability, color changes, and FTIR analysis were determined. According to the test results, the density, water uptake and volumetric swelling values of both heat treated wood species decreased. It was determined that the volumetric swelling was maximum at tangential, followed by radial and longitudinal directions. Color change occurred in wood material together with heat treatment. It has been seen that the color of the deciduous wood is darker than that of the fir. According to the results of FTIR spectroscopy after heat treatment, it was determined that 900, 1025, 1030, 1050 and 1505 cm-1 and 1737 cm-1 peak. It was determined to be not significant difference among the samples.

8

Authors: Emine Seda ARSLAN MUHACİR, Manolya ÖZDEMİR

Artvin has a great potential about natural and cultural tourism resources. It is believed that evaluating for this resource for city’s economical and social improvement is considerably important. The aim of this study is to determine of residents approaches about rural tourism impacts in a context of their perceptions with refer to rural tourism potential in Artvin. Within this context a survey which were constituted according to literature and the rural tourism values of the study area was conducted with 73 residents in spring 2016. The survey has 26 questions in total which are about under the context of demographic structure and hypothesis about impacts of rural tourism which are perceived. The survey data were analyzed by means of chi-square test and cross table. As a result, it is found that between city residents the rate of believing the positive impacts of rural tourism is over %80. Accordingly, some suggestions are presented towards residents approaches which is about providing sustainable rural tourism activities.

8

Authors: Ahmet Ali VAR, İbrahim KARDAŞ

Geothermal resources containing rich chemical salts are used in different areas. In order to be use economically, it must also be determined the contributions to wood material of these resources. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of geothermal waters to modulus of rupture (MOR), compression strength parallel to grain (CSPG) and static quality value (SQV) in two different pine wood. The study used the sapwood samples (P. nigra Arnold.; P. brutia Ten.), dipping method, Eynal (E-6), Citgol (C-1) and Nasa (N-1) geothermal waters from Simav, Kutahya, Turkey. Consequently, the MOR, CSPG and SQV of both pine wood treated with geothermal waters were lower significantly than that of untreated control specimens. The lowest reduction was resulted in the N-1 geothermal for MOR, and in the C-1 geothermal for CSPG and SQV. This reductions varied between 3.70%–15.54% for MOR and CSPG, and between 4.58–17.36% for SQV. In addition, it was shown significant differences among E-6, C-1 and N-1 geothermal waters contributed in intermediate level to static quality of both pine wood.

8

Authors: AHMET CAN, Hüseyin SİVRİKAYA

FT-IR analysis is one of the most useful method for investigating fungal decays, characterizing the chemical changes in the wood. The mass losses in wood caused by the fungi are calculated on the basis of difference in weight. In this study, chemical changes of samples, impregnated with copper azole and CX-8 and exposed to Trametes versicolor fungi for 2 months, were examined by FT-IR. According to the results obtained, there was a decrease in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose peaks after impregnation at 1% concentration and for control wood. No significant change was shown in the lignin peaks for the treated samples (3 % concentration) exposed to the decay test. Results indicated that O-H and C-H groups were modified by impregnation and related peaks were significantly reduced.

9

Authors: Yafes Yıldız, İdris Aşık

Willows have been traditionally cultivated on the borders of fields and on the stream banks since the ancient times. It's wood have been used both as construction wood and fuel. In recent years, in parallel with an increase on the demand for wood, willow plantations on large areas have been in practice like as of poplar cultivation. In recent years, several experiments are being performed considering willow cultivation, In this study, the harmful insects which attack on the native and exotic willows in Bartın region and the ecologial conditions which increase the effect of insect damages were determined.

10

Authors: Elvan ENDER

Playgrounds are important part of active green spaces in urban spaces. This study focused on user research to determine the aesthetic performance of the children's playgrounds in the Cukurova District in Adana. A fiction developed for finding out behavioral performance of spaces and aesthetic performance by spatial perception of users. According to the findings, the highest aesthetic performance score of 72, is the lowest score is 21. When summarized in accordance with children's playground appropriateness level, 3 children's playground are lowest, 14 children's playground are low, 20 children's playground are middle, 18 children's playground are high, is the highest appropriateness level of 11 children's playground. Taking into account the criteria of the study, by devising projects increases the level of these criteria in urban spaces, it may be increased spatial aesthetic success.

10

Authors: İlyas BOLAT, Ömer KARA

Plant nutrients are one of the comprehensive and important issues in the soil chemistry. Like other living things, plants need various nutrients in different proportions to maintain their lives. Plants can absorb at least 90 different nutrients from air, water and soil. Some of these elements are needed for growth and development, the others are beneficial elements for stimulating growth and development. Therefore, it can be said that from 16 up to 20 elements are requisite for plant growth and development whereas the others are beneficial elements. Each of the plant nutrients assists different plant functions which support plant growth and development. Therefore, elements are divided into two groups based on their amount in the plant; macro and micro nutrients. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur are known as macro nutrients. In a group of micro nutrients are iron, chlorine, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron and nickel.

10

Authors: Nuri Kaan Özkazanç, Mehmet HORASAN, İlksen ATEŞOĞLU

This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 near the whole of the Sökü Wildlife Improvement Area. The study have been completed by 15 camera trap and 3800 camera trap days in 78 different locations, in 6374,31 ha. As a result of the photo trap work was determined of 12 large mammals wild animals in the area. Species with the highest population density in the study area: the firs roe deer, second wild board, the thirt red fox and the fourth grizzly bear. Species with the least population density in the study area: badger, European hare and otter.

11

Authors: Gülhanım Güvenli [1] , Prof.Dr. İsmet Daşdemir [2]

Charcoal is traditionally used for various purposes in Turkey. To meet the charcoal demand, charcoal burners are operated. Malatya is one of the most important provinces in Turkey in terms of charcoal production. Charcoal production is an activity that does not harm forest and forestry works, contributes to employment, rural development and regional economy positively. For this reason, it is important to examine the production process of charcoal from the technical, economic and social aspects, to identify the living problems and to develop suggestions. In this study, the process of production of wood charcoal in Malatya was evaluated using the data obtained from official records of various government institutions and organizations, field surveys and unstructured interviews with regard to the procurement of raw material, establishment of charcoal burners, carbonization and marketing, and the relationship of wood charcoal production with forest and forestry activities, its social and economic impacts were determined. According to the results, in the province of Malatya only about 3,000 tons of charcoal per year was produced on the basis of the production of firewood made from only legal way. This value was higher when the illegal productions were taken into account. The charcoal production contributed to rural development and the provincial economy a total of 2.700.000 TL annually and provided 57.600 man-days of employment. Also the bottlenecks experienced in charcoal production and some recommendations for improving the charcoal production process were put forward.

12

Authors: Eser SÖZEN, Gökhan GÜNDÜZ, Deniz AYDEMİR, Ersin GÜNGÖR

There is also an increase in the number and quality of products and services depend on population growth in the world. These increases, naturally, have further increased the importance of energy. The implementations of energy policies in the short and long term of many countries and investment in different energy sources have accelerated academic and commercial areas. Coal, petroleum and natural gas having in certain areas have increased orientation to nuclear, hydroelectric and renewable energy sources. Biomass which is renewable energy sources has a wide range of products. Wooden materials and industrial wastes, wood-based products and constructions that have completed their service life are also important biomass resources. The conversion of these sources into pellets or coal mines or direct burning bring about the problem of the release of harmful gases to the environment and human health. The chemical content and processing of biofuel which is used as an energy source have affected diversity and quantity of these gases. In this study, the use of biofuels as a source of energy and its contribution to the economy was examined. In addition, contribution has been made to the literature in this area by evaluating the smoke and gases arising as a result of burning biofuels in terms of health and environment.

13

Authors: İlyas BOLAT, Ömer KARA, Ertuğrul TOK

Instrumental measurements made since 1860 have revealed that the average temperature on the Earth's surface had increased remarkably since the 1970s. At the same time, it is estimated that the world temperature will increase between 1.5 ° C and 5.0 ° C in the 21st century. In Turkey up to 2030, it is reported that summer and winter temperatures will increase around 2 °C-3 °C, winter precipitation will increase by up to 10%, summer precipitation will decrease and, the drought in terms of soil moisture will increase. Furthermore, it is emphasized that there will be changes in the precipitation regime with decreasing in percentage (40%) from the east to the west in Turkey. In this study, the minimum, maximum and mean temperature values and maximum and total precipitation amounts between 1980-1999 and 2000-2015 for central meteorological stations of Kastamonu, Karabuk and Bolu in Western Black Sea Region of our country were examined. The results indicate marked increases in minimum and maximum temperatures on a monthly basis. Besides, increasing tendency was determined in the Kastamonu, Karabuk and Bolu monthly and annual mean temperature data, especially during the summer months. On the other hand, in the period between 1980-1999 and 2000-2015 years, average precipitation data of Kastamonu and Bolu provinces during the summer months (July and August) showed a tendency to decrease, while the monthly and annual average precipitation data of Karabük province showed a tendency to decrease. The reduction in the amount of precipitation is significant from the point of posing the drought threat. Furthermore, significant decreases in precipitation and high temperatures can lead to an increase in drought. Conversely, Turkey is among the riskiest countries in terms of the potential effects of global warming. Therefore, if necessary precautions are not taken against climate changes, it will be inevitable that climate change will degrade the composition and productivity of ecosystems in our country and reduce biological diversity.

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Authors: Faruk ÇETİN , Gökhan GÜNDÜZ

In this study, studies involving quantitative values of mechanical properties of some tree-type of woods in Turkey between 1951-2015 were investigated. Strength Properties of plain wood without any treatment in research; tensile resistance parallel to grain, pressure resistance parallel to grain, pressure resistance vertical to grain, parallel to grain and vertical shear resistance to vertical grain, Bending strength to vertical grain, impact bending strength, static bending strength, radial direction cleavage strength, tangential cleavage resistance and Elastic Properties; hardness parallel to grain, modulus of elasticity, elastic modulus, Janka hardness (Radial section) to vertical grain value, Janka hardness (Tangent section) to vertical grain value, Janka hardness (Transversal section) to parallel grain value, radial direction Brinell hardness, tangential direction Brinell hardness, Brinell hardness parallel to grain, Brinell hardness vertical to grain, side hardness (Radial and Tangent Hardness Rate), specific quality value, static quality value and dynamic quality value mechanical properties were taken into consideration. For this reason, research was conducted on the basis of the theses of Master and Doctorate theses in the thesis archive of International Theses, International Symposium and Congress Reports, Journal of Forestry Research Institute, Journal of Forestry, Engineering Journal, TUBİTAK Turkish Journal of Agriculture And Forestry. The results obtained from the studies made are presented in tabled form with a comprehensive study.Readers have been facilitated using N/mm2 according to the SI system to assemble units