International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: Navya K, Febin Joy

Introduction: Sushruta Samhita includes Upamana as a Pramana. Consequently usage of analogies in this revered text is extensive. Exploring the analogies reveals various aspects related to the base and the target domain involved in an analogy. Methodology: The analogy in the quote was critically studied by referring the views of commentators and thereafter collecting information related to cellular energy through internet source and contemporary books. Results: A critical analysis of one of the quote in Sushruta Samhita reveals the role of Tridosha in the production, maintenance and distribution of energy in a cell. Macronutrients play the visarjana role of kapha, enzymatic break down of macronutrients and cellular metabolism carry out the Adana karma of Pitta and rotatory movement of ATP Synthase performs the Vikshepa karma of Vata. Discussion: Abstract information conveyed by the usage of analogies when explored throws insight on the subtle aspects of the concerned topic as in the example considered here.

5

Authors: Chaitra L V

Atisara is a condition where watery stool are passed in excess several times a day through anus. Ayurvedic literature records it as both a symptom and an independent disease. Atisara can be correlated with diarrhea. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is one among the laghutrayees, has described about 426 dravyas. Among 426 dravyas, 34 herbs are described as Atisarahara dravyas, Beside this saraloha from loha varga, Vileshaya from mamsa varga, Ajadugdha from dugdhda varga, takra from takra varga, gomutra from mutra varga, madhu from madhu varga, madhu khand from ikshu varga were also indicated in Atisara. In Ayurveda classic various drugs are described for the treatment of Atisara, so here attempt was made to enlist and analyse the drugs indicated in Atistara from Bhavaprakasha Nighantu.

7

Authors: Roshni Koted, Vijaypal Tyagi2 , Manisha Goyal3 , Govind Sahay Shukla4 and Rajaram Agarwal

The present study is carried out to evaluate the haematological effect of Draksha Avaleha in iron deficiency anaemia (Pandu) as claimed in the texts and to assess the rodents were selected for the study because of various reasons viz. ready availability, economic feasibility and wide applicability for such studies. Among the various models, Phenylhydrazine induced iron deficiency anaemia (Pandu) model has been applied in the study. The drug dose was calculated following the normal procedures and the effect was significant found in mices.

7

Authors: Rina Dodiya, Jigisha Prajapati2 , Pratixakumari Chaudhari3 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma4 and Harshit Shah

Ayurveda has immense potential to solve many challenging and unsolved problems of the medical world among them Arsha is one of the disease The prevalence rate of haemorrhoids is the highest among all anorectal illnesses, a fact that has been known for thousands of years. Arsha (Haemorrhoids) is a clinical term for a disorder in which the hemorrhoidal venous plexus is engorged and the anal cushion is abnormally displaced and enlarged. This condition is marked by prolapsed pile mass, rectus bleeding, and some anus discharge, among other symptoms. There are many different treatment methods available, ranging from parasurgical to surgical care. Despite significant advancements in the field of surgery, treatment results are still insufficient. In these circumstances Ayurveda is preferred. They are adamant that Ayurveda offers superior treatments for haemorrhoids. Therefore, it appears necessary to review the specifics of the Ayurvedic perspective on haemorrhoids.

8

Authors: Pallavi Yeshwantrao Patil

As per Ayurveda Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya are Trayopastambha. When they are judiciously used, they give support to the body by giving strength, colour and growth for whole life span. Among them “Aahar” is very much essential for sustainment of life of all living beings, it is stated to be responsible for both Aarogya and Vyadhi. Aacharya Charak described food substances in to twelve groups, one of them is Goras Varga (milk and its products) in which Takra included, while explaining qualities of Takra (buttermilk) said that it is used in Shoph (swelling), Udara (ascites), Arsha (piles), Grahani (colitis), Mutragrah (dysuria), Aruchi (loss of taste), Snehvyapad, Pandu (Anaemia) and Garvish (Poison). Takra which is one of Aahardravya explained in various Vyadhi Chikitsa, so the study is planned to review about Takra in detail from Charak Samhita which is easily available & can be used in curing various diseases.

10

Authors: Singh Divya, Vijayendra Bhat G

Objectives of the study- To evaluate the efficacy of Mahakalyanaka Ghrita in the management of Vataja Unmada/Schizophrenia and to study the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Methods: Design of the StudyOpen labelled clinical study with pre and post-test design. Patient Source-Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Ayurveda Hospital Kuthpady, Udupi. Study selection- Twenty patients diagnosed with Vataja Unmada/Schizophrenia were selected irrespective of their caste, creed and gender. InterventionMahakalyanaka ghrita was administered in 24gm dose with warm water once in the morning at 8 am on empty stomach for 28 days. Follow up- Patients were treated with study medicine for 28 days and follow up period was 28 days. Total duration of study- 56 days.Statistical analysis: The statistical analysis was done using paired t test. Results: Improvement of 7.91% in Vataja unmada rating scale, 16.33% in manobhava rating scale and 9.68% in positive and negative syndrome scale was seen. Conclusion-Mahakalyanaka Ghrita is safe and effective in reducing the symptoms of Vataja unmada/schizophrenia.

13

Authors: Deepthi, Shrikanth P H2 and Likhita D N

BACKGROUND Prameha is mentioned under Ashta Maha Gada in Ayurveda classics because of the properties like Asadhyatva and Maranatmakatva. It not only harms the physiology of the body but also ends up in the formation of Upadravas like Prameha Pidaka. In the present era Prameha is correlated to DM because of the similarities in the signs and symptoms of both the diseases. Due to the multisystem involvement, varied presentation, complications and various adverse effects and limitations of currently available medications, the treatment which acts very fast without causing much discomfort to the patient is the need of the hour. In order to have comprehensive treatment mode, Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Prameha has to be focussed. Hence this study focusses on new aspect of Chikitsa in Prameha through Daivavyapashraya. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the necessity of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in the management of disease Prameha. METHODOLOGY: Review of the classical literature including Charaka Samhita with commentary of Chakrapani, Sushruta Samhita with commentary of Dalhana, Ashtanga Hrudaya with Hemadri commentary and Ashtanga Sangraha with Shashilekha commentary and articles, internet sources and Sanskrit dictionaries bearing the description of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. DISCUSSION: Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is considered as Ashukari and cures the disease without much difficulties. Prameha is one such disease which is included under Ashta Mahagada because of its incurable nature. Though there is no direct reference of implementation of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Prameha in Ayurveda Classics, the present paper will do the literary analysis of the mode of action of Mantra Chikitsa on Prameha. CONCLUSION: Prameha is either Sahaja Vyadhi which may be because of Poorvajanmakrita karma or Apathya Nimittaja Vyadhi or Manasika Vyadhi, hence there is a need for Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in the form of Mantra is definitely effective.

5

Authors: Akansha Kapoor, Sunita Suman

Woman is one of the most beautiful creations of God and is bestowed with the precious blessing of achieving motherhood, which is the most wonderful period in her life. After delivery, her body takes time to revert back to the pre-pregnant state. This is the puerperal period or sutika avastha as described in Ayurveda. Sutika Makkal is a post-delivery complication mainly seen in women who do not follow sutika paricharya. It is the apana vayu that is responsible for natural propulsion of artava and mala. Whereas, vitiated apana vayu moves in a way opposite to its normal downward direction causing retention of vitiated rakta inside the uterus which is responsible for this type of pain. Yavakshar has been quoted in Ashtang Sangraha for the effective management of Makkala Shoola. Due to its vatakaphashamaka and shoolahara properties, it can prove to be an excellent remedy for treating Sutika Makkal Shoola.

5

Authors: Keval S. Monapara, Nirali Thacker2 and Vandna Raval

Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue because of scarcity of blood supply. Also mentioned as osteonecrosis. It can cause minute fractures and may collapse of the bone. It is caused due to an injury or enduring use of steroid drugs in large dose and excessive alcohol intake. AVN femoral head is the most usual type of necrosis because the artery supplying this area is very slender that gets injured easily followed by simple dislocation or fracture which leads to lack of blood supply leading to necrosis. According to modern science, there is no specific therapy instead of surgery. According to the principle of ayurveda Vata, Pita, Rakta Dosha play major role in prognosis of AVN along with involvement of Asthi and Majja Kshaya. One case of bilateral femoral head AVN has been treated with Deepan Pachan, followed by Panchtiktaghrita and Vatshamak Dravya, Panchtiktsksheerbasti. symptomatic improvements were seen in the patient according to signs and symptoms before and after treatment. Observation: The outcomes were inspiring. Therapy has resulted in a marked enhancement in the gait, pain and tenderness.

6

Authors: Sonal Meena, Tarana Ameta2 and Dinesh Kumar Sharma

Anatomy is science that deals with the different structures of human body like bones, joints, Twacha, different sense organs and kala etc. Relevant knowledge of anatomy is very important for better understanding of diseases and their cure in form of medicinal or surgical process.In the Sushrut Samhita, Acharaya Sushruta explains Kala, a unique Ayurvedic concept. In the Garbhavyakaran Sharir Chapter of the Sharir Sthan, Acharya Sushruta mentioned the concepts of Kala while explaining the detailed development of body parts. The body has a total of seven Kala. Between Dhatu and Aashaya, there is a limiting membrane or layer in our body called Kala. These are extremely small particles that are invisible to the naked eye, just like cells. Their functions in the body can help you understand them. The word Kala implies "property" or "quality," so these are unique membranes in the body that play an important role in body physiology. The body has many layers or membranes that form an envelope around the organs. Kala refers to the cell membranes that distinguish each cell from the others.

7

Authors: Aarti Kaushik, M B Gaur

Ayurveda being the most holistic and ancient medicinal system is well known for maintenance and promotion of health in which the role of Vyayama (exercise/structured physical activities) plays a significant role. It emphasizes on the firm affinity between the body, mind and spirit. Life or living being has been conceived as a composite entity consisting of a physical body superadded with highly sensitive sense perception. In Ayurveda, health is denoted by equilibrium between body, mind, spirit and social well-being. It is stated that the Health is a state of normalcy characterized by balanced equilibrium of the three Dosas, the thirteen types of Agnis, seven types of Dhatus and the Malas besides the optimum happiness of the Mind (Manas), senses(indriyas) and the spirit (Atma). Vyayama or physical exercise is very much important in today‟s life to keep one healthy and disease free. Vyayama helps in maintainence of healthy state of an individual by maintaining balance of three Doshas (i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha), stimulation of Agni (~ digestive and metabolic strength), enhances Oja (~ mental and physical capacity to resist diseases) and helps in maintenance of homeostasis. The intensity and amount of vyayama should be done as per proper guidelines to avoid any adverse effect. The effects of exercises varies as per different prakriti. Vyayama stimulates digestive fire which in turn is associated for all the functioning and metabolism of body thereby playing an important role in maintenance of health of an individual.

7

Authors: Jigna Patel, Vaibhavi N. Patel

Abscess is a collection of pus in the body. The acute and chronic phases of the same anorectal infection are referred to as an abscess and a fistula, respectively. The causative factors of abscesses are germs, such as bacteria and foreign substances entering the body through needles piercing the skin and contaminating the injection site. An infection in the anal glands, which spreads to adjacent spaces and causes a fistula, is the first sign of an abscess. The management is described in two step procedure involving incision and drainage followed with fistula management. According to Acharya Sushruta – " Sheegra vidhahivat " . Acharya Sushruta mentions that if vidradhi attains pakvaavastha, bhedana is the first line of treatment to drain the pus and later, it should be treated as Vrana. In this case study female patient, age 65 years old came to the OPD of Akhandanand Ayurved Hospital, Ahmedabad with the complaints of left gluteal region swelling and pain, unable to sit, pain during defecation since 6 months. Patient was diagnosed as left sided Ischiorectal abscess and treated with bhedan (incision) and ksharsutra technique. After every week thread was changed and wound was completely healed with normal scar without any complication within two and half months.

8

Authors: Vinod Katoch, Prashant Kumar Jha

Purpose- Pharmacognostical study of bark of Chirbilva Holoptelia integrifolia is done for identification in field and to avoid adulteration by standardization. Methods- Drug is studied taxonomically and its macroscopic ,microscopic features were studied including powder microscopy of bark with suitable instruments. Results- Macroscopic study reveals dried bark from trunk of old branches was flat, somewhat curved in shape. Outer surface was grayish brown in color with blackish brown adherent patches of rhytidoma while inner surface was yellow in color. Outer surface was rough, warty due to rounded protuberances of the lenticels. Microscopic study reveals rhytidoma traversed with stone cells, followed by narrow zone of parenchymatous cortex with stone cells. Phloem was very wide, traversed with wavy medullary rays, tangential bands of fibers and stone cells. Uni-to triseriate medullary rays was observed.Powder microscopy reveals fragments of lignified cork with stone cells. Isolated or groups of thickwalled spherical to oblong shaped, pitted stone cells and septate fibres were present. Prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate and simple starch grains were scattered as such throughout or embedded in parenchymatous cells. Fragments of tangentially and radially-longitudinally cut medullary rays associated with fibres were seen. Conclusion: Finding of this study will falicitate pharmacognostic standardization of plant material and become an aid for identification as well as preparation of herbal monographs for the species and to enjoy the ayuvedic classical claims.

8

Authors: Geetha Kumar

The Marmas are the places where soma (kapha), maruta (vāyu) and tejas (pitta) representing three doṣa the three Gunas, rajas, satva and tamas, and the bhūtatma resides. According to Siddhasystem Varma is vital life energy points located in body and identified as 108 by siddhar. Varmam is the condition in which the blockage of vital energy in the body to produce the disease. This blockage occurs due to external injury, psychological stress and their effects through doṣā. In the siddha system of medicine varmam points has not only explained for traumatic effect but therapeutically the stimulation of surroundingVarma point as a treatment can restore the affected health. The study symbiotically put forward the knowledge of marma, marmabhighatalakshana from ayurvedic marma with therapeutic knowledge of siddha varmatherapy to cure certain diseases.

8

Authors: Sonal Gupta, Sudama Singh Yadav

Health is the homeostasis of Dosha, Dhatu, malas, agni, and ojas and disturbances in the homeostasis result in the condition known as Disease. There are various factors responsible for disturbance of this homeostasis. Diet is the major factor for maintaining homeostasis of all Dhatus and consequently all physiological phenomena. There are other factors also which affect our health like physical activity, infectious agents, various abnormal environmental conditions and our genetic material. Both sthaulya and Diabetes are due to the abnormal and excessive diet, lack of physical exercise and genetic material also play an important role in the manifestation of the disease. In sthaulya, according to Ayurveda, dushya is meda dhatu while in Diabetes drava roopa kapha is main dosha and there are 10 dushya(rasa, rakta, mansa, meda, majja, shukra, ojas, kleda vasa, lasika)which participate in the pathogenesis. In this article, the relationship between sthaulya and prameha will be reviewed and analysed.

9

Authors: Neha Joshi, Punita Pandey2 , Arun Kumar Tripathi3 and Vipin Kumar

Introduction: Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine, in which the clinical approach is based on preventive, curative and promotive aspect. To make ayurvedic diagnosis and treatment more accurate research in the area of clinical principles of Ayurveda, which are described in various ayurvedic literatures, is required. Prameha is one of the most common and favourite topics for research in Ayurveda, mainly due to its high incidence rate. Objective: Till date, lot of research work has been done in Prameha. To collect various studies on Prameha and to observe shortcomings and scope for future studies. Data source: Ayurvedic Research Database (ARD), “Shodhganga”- A reservoir of Indian thesis. Result: Exploration of untapped areas of research in Prameha is indispensable for the development and propagation of Ayurveda based management of Prameha. Conclusion: The tendency of research works reflects the need for a change in thinking during the selection of the subject, aims and objectives, to avoid repetition of same work.

9

Authors: Nanditha M

Fruits are the most requisite component of a healthy diet. They are the natural and prime sources of vitamins and carbohydrates. Fruits are also extensively used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day-to-day practice. It is important to have the knowledge of proper sources of fruits which are currently and most commonly available. Kharjuri is one such utilitarian traditional medicinal plant in India, for which four varieties have been mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Understanding its current sources based on the actions mentioned in the classics is necessary to include it in the practice. Currently there are around seven varieties of Kharjura available, but only four varieties have been mentioned along with their actions and properties in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu – Bhumi Kharjuri or Kshudra Kharjuri, Pinda Kharjuri, Chohara Kharjuri, Sulemani Kharjuri. Present review aids to understand the actions of different varieties of Kharjura along with its ethnobotanical practices with a view to imbibe it in the clinical practice.

9

Authors: Ashvin B. Bagde, Asha T. Ramteke2 and Sushil Yanpallewar

Pramanas, the means or source for gaining the valid or true knowledge have their special importance in Ayurveda in terms of literary research, clinical practice and therapeutics. Pramanas are mainly contributions of Nyaya darshana and has given four pramanas viz. Shabda Pramana (Authoritative statement), Pratyaksha (Direct Perception), Anumana (Inference) and Upamana (Analogy) as a valid source of true knowledge. Upamana pramana is one among them. Upamana pramana reflects the knowledge of similarity. It is a method of comparing an unknown object with a known object for acquiring the knowledge about the unknown one. The compared known object is very well known even a layman would identify it easily. Through upama, any subject's understanding becomes very simple and transparent. As a result, the Acharya in Ayurveda have used the upama to simplify and clarify the subject so that complicated concerns linked to disease diagnosis and treatment can be easily comprehended. In spite of all these, necessity and utility of Upamana Pramana is the most ignored in the field of research by the faculty of Ayurveda. While going through the Samhita Granthas, it is noticed that various Upama are mentioned are in scattered form. So in this study, some well-known examples of diseases related to specific upama will be collected from Ayurvedic samhitas in order to explain differential diagnosis between two diseases or types of diseases with presence of specific character related to color, size, shape and appearance.

12

Authors: Pariksha Sharma, Yogesh Kumar Pandey

Background: Tamaka swasa, is a clinical condition characterised by swasakruchrta (dyspnoea), due to obstruction of pranvaha srotas by vitiation of Kapha and Vata doshas leading to partiloma gati (inverse movement) of Vata. It has manifestations similar to Bronchial Asthma, a disorder of airways hyperresponsiveness resulting in wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing. According to the Indian Study on Epidemiology of Asthma, Respiratory Symptoms, and Chronic Bronchitis (INSEARCH), the asthma prevalence across India is approximately 2.05 per cent among those aged more than 15 years. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Abhaya-Nagara Churna and Vasavleha in Tamaka Swasa. Materials and Methods: This will be a single-centred, open-label, randomized clinical trial. The patients diagnosed with asthma will be selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. Vasavleha will be allocated to group A and Abhaya-Sunthi Churna to group B for 28 days. Haematological examination, spirometry and ACT score with a recall period of four weeks will be assessed before treatment and after treatment, while assessment of severity criteria will be done on 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th day. AQLQ score with recall period of two week will be assessed at the 1st, 14th and 28th days. Follow-up of 30 days will be done. The effect of the therapy will be evaluated based on the changes in subjective and objective parameters with a ‘p’ value < 0.05 as significant. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion and conclusion will be drawn on the basis of statistical analysis and symptomatic relief of overall assessment.

25

Authors: Deepthi, Shrikanth P H2 and Likhita D N

Literature review helps to fill the gap between the existing knowledge and textual knowledge. It is very hard to find extensive and exclusive information regarding any single matter of interest especially in Ayurvedic texts. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is one such area which demands thorough literary research which is attempted in the present study. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is one among Trividha Chikitsa which is mentioned first in the order considering its importance in the treatment of diseases. Chakrapani clearly mentions that Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is indeed Sadhyo Vyadhihara and Akleshakari. In the present study, a critical analysis of the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is done. Methodology: Review of the classical literature including Charaka Samhita with commentary of Chakrapani, Sushruta Samhita with commentary of Dalhana, Ashtanga Hrudaya with Hemadri commentary and Ashtanga Sangraha with Shashilekha commentary, articles, internet sources and Sanskrit dictionaries bearing the description of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. Discussion: The diseases are mainly caused by three Karanas – Atiyoga, Ayoga and Mithya Yoga of Kala, Artha and Karma where Karma refers to either of Purvajanmakrita or Ihajanmakrita which would result in the manifestation of the disorders. Without knowing Mula Karana, the disease will never be subsided by any type of major treatment. Thus, identifying Karana for the disease becomes more important than treating the manifested disease. Here lies the scope for Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa, as it is the only line of treatment for diseases caused by Karma.

5

Authors: Anjana Dabhi, Rizvanvaris Saiyed2 , Vaibhavi Patel3 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma4 and Harshit Shah

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in immune compromised patients and is responsible for all hospital acquired infections worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections at almost all sites in the body. Due to development of multiantibiotic resistance during treatment Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes therapeutic challenge. In the present case study a 38 years old male patient visited OPD of Shalya Tantra with complaints of a big venous ulcer in right leg with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Here patient is treated with Panchavalkala Kwath Prakshalan. This study highlighted Vrana shodhana, Desloughing, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antiseptic property of Panchavalkala kwath Prakshalan and its efficacy against multiantibiotic resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

6

Authors: Vaibhavi N Patel, Harshit Shah2 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma3 , Anjana Dabhi4 and Pratixakumari Chaudhari

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (B.P.H) is a common condition found in elderly men above 50 years of age & is characterized by a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate resulting from excessive cellular growth of both the glandular and the stromal elements of the gland. In Ayurveda, Mutraghata basically presented the features related to the Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) and can be co-related with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in modern parlance. The clinical feature of B.P.H. includes incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, weak stream, straining & nocturia etc are found in Mutraghata in Ayurveda. In this case study, a patient diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia was treated with a Tilvaka Ghrita Uttarbasti 20 ml once daily for three days and then 3 days gap given between two cycles for 21 days. Assessment of patient was done by IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) and weight of the prostate and post void residual urine volume. After completion of Uttarbasti treatment significant relief was observed in symptoms.

7

Authors: Rushabh N. Vora, Jignesh D. Rathod2 and Himanshu Kanzaria3

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common chronic systemic inflammatory disease that clinically presents as symmetric polyarthritis affecting small and large diarthroidal joints of the extremities. In India, prevalence of RA is 0.50 to 0.75 %1 . Females are five times more likely to develop RA than males. The management of RA in modern medical science includes the use of NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, DMARDs (Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs), immunosuppression therapies. Long term use of these drugs has so many adverse effects. Hence, there is much better scope for Ayurved treatment for this disease. Considering clinical features of RA, it can be correlated with Aamavata. As per principles of Ayurved, Aamavata is a result of impairment of Agni, formation of Aama and vitiation of Vata Dosha. 1 Acharya Chakrapanidutta mentioned the Chikitsa Siddhanta of Aamavata, that consists Langhana, Swedana, use of drugs having Tikta, Katu Rasa and Dipana Karma, Virechana and Basti1 . These medicines help in Aamapachana and also do agnidipana. By using this Chikitsa Siddhanta, a case of RA (Aamavata) was treated successfully. Marked improvement was observed in signs and symptoms as well as laboratory investigations after treatment.

7

Authors: Rakshitha Kumari, Niranjan Rao

A case study is carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Virechana karma and Shamana aushadis in recurrent Psoriasis. A 29 year old female presenting with Psoriasis and mild arthritis was diagnosed as Ekakusta (Kapha-Pitta predominance) as per Ayurveda. Initially, treatment was carried out as in-patient department care. i.e, Nithya virechana with nimbamritha erandam,ksheera and guda in the ratio of 50ml:250ml:10gm, respectively. Then shamana aushadi was given for 3 months. After 3 months of follow-up period virechana karma was planned again. Results obtained after virechana karma was 29 vega’s with pravara shuddhi lakshanas with reduction in signs and symptoms and decline in PASI Score. The follow up medications were given for 3 months. No re-occurrence was observed during the follow up period. Virechana karma and Shamana aushadis resulted in effective management of Psoariasis.

8

Authors: Sruthi Mohan, Hemal Bhatt

BACKGROUND: Hrudaya being a supreme vital organ, improving its functional quality is very much essential for healthy as well as diseased individuals. Contemplating the relation between Rasa and Hrudaya it is mentioned as „Amlam Hrudyanam Agryam’ in the context of Agrya Dravya in Charaka Samhita which means Amla Rasa is the best Hrudya among all in nature than any other Rasa, and in Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya, Hrudya Dashemani is found mentioned which includes a group of ten Dravyas which are Amla Rasa Pradhana. Agrya Dravyas are explained as guidance for the treatment of various diseases. Hence in Hrudroga where the organ heart is primarily involved, Amla Rasa can have a protective effect. METHODS: Brhattrayis were reviewed for the references on differentaspects of Hrudya, Hrudaya, Hrudroga and Amla Rasa. The reviewed literature wasthen critically analysed. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Thorough analysis of literature revealed: - 1. The proper role of Dosha in the process of blood circulation and functioning of Hrudaya. 2. Term ‘Hrudya’ has both physiological as well the psychological aspects and even Adravyabhuta modalities like Gandha, Roopa, Rasa also attribute as being Hrudya, but as far as Hrudroga is concerned, primarily the organ Hrudaya is involved and secondarily its Ashrayi Manas will also be involved. 3. Amla Rasa performs Vatanulomana, Deepana, Srotoshodhana properties and acts Hrudya (cardio tonic). CONCLUSION: Compilation and re-evaluation of various principles related with Amla Rasa and Hrudaya were analysed, discussion was made for the better understanding of Hrudya effect of Amla Rasaand thereby re-establishing the possibilities behind the quotations available inSamhitason the concerned topic.

9

Authors: Mrinalini Damle, Kiran Somshetwar2 , Pranav Uttekar3 and Pooja Lanke

Bauhinia variegata Linn. well known as kanchnar/rakta kanchan belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae. The chemical constituents found in Kanchnar help in treatment of various ailments. A wide variety of phytochemical constituents isolated from this plant are sitosterol, lupeol, kaempferol, tannins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, apigenin, quercetin, reducing sugars. The present review calls for attention on chromatographic methods for standardization. The review further highlights distinct therapeutic potential of kanchnar medicine if standardized with respect to content of active constituents to be listed as anticancer, antioxidant and antidiabetic.

9

Authors: Pooja Abhani, Mandip Goyal

Introduction: After acute COVID-19 illness, recovered patients may continue to report a wide variety of signs and symptoms like fatigue, body ache, cough, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, etc. A 43 years old male patient reported to OPD of ITRA Hospital, Jamnagar on 16th July 2021. He had tested positive for COVID 19 infection on 6th May 2021. Since then he had been suffering from sore throat, recurrent upper respiratory tract infection, coughing with whitish expectorant, dyspnea, myalgia, and memory impairment. He had tried various types of treatment but could not get relief. Due to multiple system involvement, such cases need a holistic approach for follow-up care and the well-being of post COVID recovering patients. Materials & Methods: This case was treated with Vardhamana Pippali Rasayana with milk for 28 day. Total 1000 Pippli given to the patient during course. Result : The patient got relief in all the symptoms. In X-RAY reports, the patient had bronchitis changes before treatment. Patient had also improved his quality of life. After completing the treatment patient had a normal X-ray. Conclusion : In Post Covid Syndrome, there is vitiation of Vata and Kapha Dosha. Pippali has an antibiotic, antiviral, immunomodulatory effect and is one of the best Rasayana (Rejuvenate) for Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory system), hence treating with higher doses of Pippali for a longer period provided significant relief in the case of post covid syndrome.

10

Authors: Sonal S. Patel, Kundan Patel

A healthy mouth is a premise of overall health. The oral cavity can be a mirror image of the body and many systemic illnesses are manifested in the soft tissues of the mouth. When oral health is compromised, overall health will be affected. Ayurveda is an integral and most ancient form of medical system which is primarily aimed at prevention of disease and promotion of health. Its holistic approach towards positive lifestyle creates its inevitable significance in the present scenario. Thorough oral care is described under the daily regimen, seasonal regimen for prevention of oral disesas. in Ayurveda classics there is description of daily regimen like tooth brushing, tongue cleaning, gargling, oil pulling, nasal application of drugs, chewing of betel leaves, seasonal regimen to pacify doshas, do’s and don’ts related to diet and activities. These preventive aspects can be practiced in everyday life to prevent and control the oral disorders. Ayurvedic perspectives regarding maintenance of oral health are explored in this article.

11

Authors: Kumbhar S N, Shetty N2 and Naik T I

Madhura Triphala is a combination of three fruits with madhura or sweet taste. It includes Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn), Kashmarya (Gmelina arborea Linn) and Kharjura (Phoenix dactylifera Linn.) which was constituted during the Nighantu period. The three fruits are widely used in many Ayurvedic formulations. There arises a scope for controversy due to inclusion of Parushaka (Grewia asiatica Linn.) and (or) Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.) in place of Kashmarya. Present work aims to address Madhura Triphala in detail and discuss different aspects of it along with their probable mode of action.

11

Authors: Swati Kulkarni, Dr Anju Thaware

Infertility is, “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 month or more. Male infertility is one of the major agonozing issue in the present fast moving world. Oligospermia is one of the major cause of male infertility .Ayurveda classics describes about this similar conditions,such as ashukra,alpa shukra,ksheena shukra,ksheena retas ,shukra dosha at various contexts. Shukra (sperm) is one of the dhatu amongs seven dhatus, which provides courage, happiness, strength, main factor for reproduction (garbhotpatti). Due to modern lifestyle body tissue formation process gets vitiated which results quantitative and qualitative loss of sukra known as shukra kshaya i.e oligospermia. It reflects in following symptoms of Shukra kshaya are generalise weakness,pain in scrotum, paleness of the body, shukra avisarga, chirat praseka, maithuna ashakti. Infertility includes the qualitative and quantitative vitiation of shukra dhatu. Aim- Critical review on etiological factors of oligospermia. Materials and methods: For this study, ayurveda literature have been used, from which various references have been collected. Conclusion –vitiated vata and pitta dosha are responsible in the pathogenesis of oligospermia (shukrakshaya).Dietetic factors, habitual factiors and psychological factors are responsible for oligomenorrhea (shukrakshaya).

4

Authors: Pooja Yadav, Pravesh Tomar2 and G M Kavya

BalaTaila is an important Sneha Kalpnain Ayurveda classic and has been mentioned by different Acharya because it has Prajakarama, Sheeta, Balya, bhringhaniya, vrishyaand Tridoshsamaka properties. It is a Taila preparation containing Balamoola, Tila Taila and Godugdha. So, aim of the present study is to analyse BalaTaila which is used as Uttarbasti in Bandhyatva due to Tubal blockage. This drug was further studied physio-chemically, organoleptically and chromatographically for developing standards.

5

Authors: Shreya. G. Shetty, Robin Singh2 and Sowmya S B

Agni is a very unique concept explained by Acharyas in ayurveda. It has been explained differently by different Acharyas, but each one has specifically stressed on its importance. Acharya Vagbhata states “Rogah Sarvre api Mandagni” (As.Hr.Ni 12/1). Thus it is evident that one has to understand Agni in all its entirety to understand the disease and its treatment aspects. Acharays have repeatedly stressed on concepts of swasthavritta, ahara vidhi vishesha, viruddha ahara, ahara vidhi vidhana. These things when followed correctly helps in safeguarding the Agni, and helps in improving health and longevity. Ayurveda has an in depth understanding of the process of digestion and the role Agni has to play in it. Thus Acharya Charaka has explained in detail about the 13 types of agni and how each one of these are important for the proper digestion, absorption and assimilation of food.

6

Authors: Singh Pragya, Singh Anil Kumar

Ayurveda has equated human body with a building, as pillars and sub-pillars are required to make the building stable, similarly the need of three pillars (Sthunas) and three supporting pillars (Upastambhas) have been emphasized for human body. The three pillars are the three humors; Vata, Pitta, and Kapha1 . The three sub-pillars are Ahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (celibacy2 . Here Ahara has been enumerated first, which shows its importance. Ahara (diet) and vihara (life style) both play a preeminent role in ayurvedic thought concerning the etiology of diseases and their cure. Acharya Charaka has said that, food is the foremost among those that sustain life1 . According to Susruta, Ahara (food) is the sustainer of living beings and also the cause for their strength, complexion and vigor1 .When the food is taken judiciously and according to the codes of dietetics then only the above benefits of Ahara can be achieved, while on deviating from these codes leads to an unhealthy life. The ancient rishis and pioneers of ayurveda have laid down certain rules and codes of dietetics which are to be followed by every individual to attain the healthy and long life. In this thesis work detail about the important of Ahara will be described according to Ayurvedic classics.

6

Authors: Bishnupriya Mohanty, Asavari Gawali2 and Sangram Keshari Das

A woman undergoes lots of changes in her body since birth. Throughout the journey women have to pass from three phases – Bala (childhood), Rajaswala (menstruation/reproductive phase) and Vriddha (Old agemenopausal age). Out of these most important period is Rajaswala period (largest one). Within the entire period of women life Rajaswala period means a great to contribute a lot for giving offspring. Health during this period is more concerned; to provide a healthy progeny. Menstrual cycle disorders like dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, PCOD, irregular menses, endometriosis etc are very common during reproductive age; because of different physical / mental stress and life style related issues. Family adjustment, social problems related psychological diseases are ten times more observed in women than men. Such stressors sometime control the initiation of menstrual cycles and their all pathological presentation too. Neuro-psycho-endocrine link have a strong impact on starting of menstrual cycle, the flow and also many emotional behaviors of ladies. Even it also impact on premenstrual period and presented in form of a complex physical, emotional and behavioral Syndrome. The range of symptoms is from mild to severe and with single to complex. These symptoms vary in every single woman and negatively affect normal daily life. Premenstrual disorder is mostly neglected by ladies due to social taboo of not discussing about menstruation openly. Exact diagnosis of premenstrual disorder is unknown and also stated as mere answerable medical mystery. But untreated premenstrual disorder can be complicated and even lead to Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in severe stage (if left untreated). Sometimes leads to severe anxiety and depression with undiagnosed physical diseases. So its need to study and appropriately diagnose the disorder as there’s no specific treatment symptomatic treatment and dietary changes are advised. Ayurveda believes that Premenstrual Syndrome is caused by the imbalance in Doshas. Little wrong in lifestyle can bring great impact on Tridosha (the biological control system) and causes various diseases.

6

Authors: Ekta, Vishal Verma2 , Sheetal Verma3 and Savita Sonkar

Wound healing is a compound process to achieve integrity of the disrupted tissues. Wound management is always been a challenge for the clinicians. Shalya Tantra (Ayurveda surgical science) owns various procedures and drug preparations for wound management. We report a case of 35 years old woman as a chronic wound on right breast. The treatment was planned with Chhedana karma (debridement) along with the local application of Jatyadi taila and regular dressing. Treatment took 7 weeks for complete healing. The open wound was effectively managed with Ayurveda management protocols indicated in the texts.

6

Authors: Amala .U.Kumar, Chaitra H2 and Arya Subhash

Datura is a herb explained in ayurvedic classics which is attributed with both poisonous and medicinal values. In this review article an attempt is made to compile the critical information related to therapeutic effect from bruhatrayee, laghutrayee and different toxicological textbook to substantiate it as both poison and as an antidote. It‟s entirely different function is due to its active chemical constituents like atropine etc. Datura is included under the group of sthavaravisha and is one among the upavisha. As per modern concept Datura is classified under deliriant cerebral poison. Deliriants are substances that cause acute state of confusion with disorientation, delusion and hallucination. Datura contains certain alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine which are muscarinic cholinergic antagonists that exert multiple effects on the CNS. Atropine is both a central and peripheral muscarinic blocker and its actions last approximately four hours. And this atropine which is the main chemical constituent in datura acts by the mode of “Receptor site blockade” which further blocks the effect of anticholinesterase agents such as organophosphates, mushroom poisoning (amatoxin) at muscarinic receptor sites contributing to its action.

7

Authors: Nikita Sharma

The normal life of human beings is disturbed because of increasing pollution, urbanization, improper food habits, stressful life style and change in climatic conditions. All these factors parallel the increase in respiratory allergy. Lakshana of Thamak Shwasa it is quite similar to that of Bronchial Asthma. Thamak Shwasa is one among five varieties of Shwasa characterized by Ati Teevra Shwasa, Kasa, Ghurghuraka Shabdha, Pinasa etc. It is Kapha Vata Pradhana Vyadhi. Basic line of treatment in Thamak Shwasa is Kapha Vata Hara, Ushna and Vata Anulomana. Pippalyadi Kshara Gutika is considered for conceptual study, that contains Pippali, Maricha, Guda, Yavakshara and Jambira Swarasa, which has main action of Vata Kapha Hara, Ushna and Vata Anulomana. The selected combination is supposed to be effective in disrupting the etiopathogenesis of Thamak Shwasa.

7

Authors: Bijita Chutia, Khagen Basumatary

In today’s era everybody is busy in his /her own work to achieve the goal of his /her life. Due to artificial lifestyle many people are suffering from various diseases. Medo vriddhi(Hyperlipidemia) is one of them & it is big challenge worldwide. Due to the lack of physical exercise, mental stress, overeating, sedentary lifestyle Medo vriddhi is commonly observed. The present study was carried out to assess the efficacy of Tryūṣṇādi Gana on Medo vriddhi (Hyperlipidemia). In entire study 90 patients were enrolled from OPD and IPD patients of Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. Only Medo vriddhi subjects were selected by simple randomized method & others were excluded. In the management of medo vriddhi, many acharyas have mentioned various formulations among which we selected Tryūṣṇādi Gana for the study which was found to be very significant. All the patients were treated with Tryūṣṇādi Gana for 3 months with follow up after one month. Lipid profile was performed in all patients before & after treatment. Result of therapy was evaluated on the basis of improvement in symptom & biochemical parameter (lipid profile). All the concerned approvals were obtained and data was analyzed under statistical parameters. A significant reduction of cholesterol levels, Triglycerides, VLDL, CHO/HDL ratio and highly significant reduction of LDL and LDL/HDL ratio was found. This research also proved the major role of Agni and Ama in pathogenesis of Hyperlipidemia, and all the drugs having Dipana, Pachana, Ama nashaka, KaphaMedohara, and Srotoshodhaks quality will be highly effective. Conclusion of this study is Tryūṣṇādi Gana is effective on Medo vriddhi (Hyperlipidemia).

8

Authors: Angsumita Choudhury, Niten Barman

Ageing is a process of physical, psychological, and social change in multidimensional aspects. Osteoporosis is one such age-related (generally) metabolic bone disorder where there is loss of bone tissue and its association with deterioration in skeletal micro-architecture. Bone fragility and bone fracture are the worst outcomes, therefore, effective medical treatment and therapy are its utmost need. In Ayurveda, it is mentioned that in vardhakya avastha, all dhatus undergo kshaya leading to dhatukshaya janya vata prakopa samprapti which can be understood as involvement of vata dosha (entity responsible for all kinds of neurohoromonal activities in body) with ageing. Osteoporosis can be correlated with asthi sausirya (porosity of bones). Asthisausirya leads to asthikshaya. Vata vriddhi triggers Asthi kshaya because of a mutual bond held by both Ashrayashrayi bhava. In Charaka Samhita (chikista sthan ch.28), it is mentioned the usage of panchatikta dravya siddha ksheera basti (medicated enema) and sarpi in Asthi Vaha Srotodusti Chikitsa. Panchatikta ksheera ghrita is an ayurvedic preparation consisting of mainly five medicinal herbs having potency of increasing asthi dhatu (osteocytes) along with cow-milk and ghee. Following Ayurvedic principles, use of snehana dravyas (ghrita and milk) along with basti karma will pacify the vata involved in osteoporosis. As the tikta rasa-yukta dravya has property of kharata and soshana which are similar to property of asthi dhatu, so it reduces saushiryata (porosity) or kshaya of asthi dhatu by replenishing asthi dhatu. Ten patients who were diagnosed to be osteoporotic were taken into one experimental group, and one control group of 20 patients were taken. The treatment under experimental group is basti karma with panchatikta ksheera ghrita (72ml) for 14days and under control group, tab calcium500mg+vitD3 250mcg for 12weeks. Follow up was done during course of the treatment and after the completion of course. The treatment was more effective in the subjective parameters like low back ache (low thoracic and high lumbar vertebral pain), difficulty in walking, bone pain. Overall, the experimental group showed higher positive results. The drug may act as anti-oxidant, anti -inflammatory, anti-ageing. It can be treated easily in both OPD an IPD basis with zero surgical intervention, cost effective, no side effects and better outcomes.

8

Authors: Radhika Rani V, Gopikrishna S2 , Shashirekha K S4 and Nandesh Mohan P

Acute Bronchitis is an airway inflammatory disease. One of the causes for the progression of the disease is the secondary bronchi infections caused by the bacteria’s like Staphylococcus aureus. Kaphaja kasa is one of the most common disease affecting pranavaha srotas, and if mismanaged leads to swasa, kshaya etc. Tambula (piper betle.Linn) has numerous traditional uses for different ailments like oliguria, nervous disorders, headache, respiratory disorders, constipation, sore throat, wounds and boils. In the present study, GCMS analysis and action of aqueous extract of Tambula patra (piper betle.Linn) against Staphylococcus aureus derived from sputum of kaphaja kasa( Acute bronchitis) subjected to culture and sensitivity is evaluated. From the mean zone of inhibition, it is evident that aqueous extract of Tambula patra is having antimicrobial action against Staphylococcus aureus. Further it is evident that better sensitivity is observed in higher concentrations of aqueous extract of Tambula patra.

8

Authors: Dhatri Umraniya R, U. U. Zala

Context: Shankhapushpi being the best Medhya, has been used in many classical formulations as well as patent preparations for its Medhya property. Go-Ghrita is a well researched Medhya Dravya in Ayurvedic classics. Here is an attempt to compare the Medhya effect of Shankhapushpi Ghrita (Group A) with GoGhrita(Group B) in healthy individuals. Aim: To evaluate Medhya effect of Shankhapushpi Ghrita in healthy volunteers. Methods and Material: All the raw materials were procured from the departmental pharmacy and the research drug was manufactured in the departmental practical lab. Sixty subjects were randomly selected in each group. Duration of treatment was for 30 days. WMS assessment for memory was carried out on 0 day, 30th day and after 15 days during follow up. Statistical analysis used: The results were statistically analysed through Wilcoxon rank test, paired ‘t’ test and unpaired ‘t’ test Results: Group A showed improvement in WMS scale when compared to control group. Conclusions: The difference in results of group A and B was statistically significant. We may conclude that SG may have better nootropic effect.

9

Authors: Mamta Takhar, Shrinidhi Kumar Acharya

Liver disorders are among the most commonly encountered problems in childhood clinical practice. Although Jaundice has been considered as most common presenting symptom of liver disorders, many of the chronic presentations develop without jaundice along with growth failure as well as other constitutional symptoms. Liver being the major organ and biggest factory of body that carry on major metabolic functions related to protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism of the body, hence play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of the body. Moreover the healthy Liver is always responsible for maintaining body homeostasis. Ayurveda the ancient rich medical heritage of India explained the role of liver in maintaining Samyavastha or homeostasis of the body and Yakrit along with Pleeha has been considered as Moola of Raktavaha srotus. Meanwhile in Ayurveda Yakrita is always explained in association with Pleehaa and same is called as Yakrit-Pleeha complex, which is root of Raktavaha srotus. The combination of this dual organs helps to derive the concept of reticulo endothelial system and hemopoietic system in Ayurveda. Thus concept and importance of hepatobilliary system, reticulo-endothelial and hemopoietic system or Yakrit- Pleeha complex play a major role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body and same has been emphasized in Ayurveda. Classics also explained physiological and pathological consideration of Raktavaha-srotus with special emphasis on Reticuloendothelial and hemopoietic system of body. Thus present article is focused on the same concept in detail and its Ayurvedic parameters, symptomatology, Dosha and srotus wise evaluation of Yakrit- Pleehajanya disorders in relation to its diagnosis and management.

9

Authors: Abishek Bharadwaj B.U, Himani Rani2 , Prakash L.Hegde3 and Pradeep

Ikshu (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is a very popular and widely grown crop. Ikshu is considered as one of the important Dravyas in Ayurveda which is used as both Aushadha and Ahara. A separate varga has been dedicated to Ikshu by Acharya Bhavamishra in his Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Ikshu is used in its raw form as a juice and also its vikaras are used for its therapeutic values as a main drug or as an Anupana along with other drugs. Ikshu has Madhura rasa (Sweet taste), Guru (Heavy) Snigdha (Unctuous) Guna, Sheeta (Cold) virya and Madhura (Sweet) Vipaka. Ikshu is enriched with karmas like Mutrala (Diuretic), Dahaprashamana (Reduces burning sensation), Vrishya (Aphrodisiac) etc. Ikshu mainly is a Pittahara and acts on Mutravahasrotas. Ikshu is found to have many phytochemicals like Vitamin D, Phenolic compounds, Plant sterols and many more which are discovered in recent research studies. According to All India Coordinated Research Projects on Sugarcane [AICRP(S)] 116 varieties has been identified.Agricultural research has to be encouraged in order to develop more species with high therapeutically active principles.

11

Authors: Sree Maruthinandan P.V, Chetan. M2 and Samhita Ullod

Introduction:Charaka Samhita is a Sanskrit text on Ayurveda, which mainly deals with chikitsa(Treatment aspects) and it is written on the base of Trisutra(Hetu,Linga and Aushada). While reading the treatise one may feel difficulty in understanding the concepts or may feel loss of concentration. It is because lacking of understanding relation between the chapters. Each chapter of Charaka SamhitaNidanasthanaand Chikitsasthana is connected to preceding chapter as well as succeeding chapter. Objective:To establish the link for the chapters on Charaka Samhitha‟s NidanaSthana And ChikitsaSthana for the better rememberance of context and chapter. Results:This treatise was written based on Mythological story like JwaraVyadhi occurred due to the ferocious wrath of Rudra (Lord Shiva) , similarly it has been written based on Scientific background, numerological base etc. Conclusion: Chapters mentioned in the Nidanasthana and Chikitsasthana of charakasamhitha have a link between current chapters and preceding chapters and succeeding chapter, reader must know it for the better rememberance , understanding of concepts and this also creates interest in the readers.

11

Authors: Raj Kumar Jangir, Sachin Sharma2 , Ashok Kumar Regar3 , Kshipra Rajoria4 , Sarvesh Kumar Singh

The Medial Epicondyle Tendinopathy commonly known as Golfer‟s elbow develops due to repetitive injury and inflammation, as well as microscopic degenerative changes in the Flexor-pronator tendon. This is a very painful condition and may result in restriction and painful movements of the affected arm. Treatments such as NSAIDs, steroid injections, physiotherapy, and exercise are used for getting symptomatic relief. None of these, however, yield adequate results. After being used for a long time, NSAIDs and steroid injections might have adverse side effects. The Golfer‟s elbow, based on clinical appearance can be correlated to Snayugata Vata in Ayurveda. Snayugata Vata is a condition that is described under Vatavyadhi in Ayurvedic texts and it arises primarily due to vitiation of the Vata Dosha and there may also be Anubandha (association) of Kaptha Dosha. Threfore, the Ayurvedic treatment principles such as Agnikarma, Snehna, Swedana, Upnaha, Bastikarma, Mridushodhana etc. described under Vatavyadhi Chikitsa can yield better results with minimal adverse effects. In this article, an attempt is made to review the concept and management principles of Medial Epicondyle Tendinopathy in Ayurvedic prospective.

4

Authors: Veena A Patil, Ashlesha R. Patil

Menstruation is a reflection of female’s reproductive life and this reflection showing too disturbing image these days, from precocious puberty (early menarche) to early hysterectomy and menopausal syndrome. Paricharya is a regimen to follow for a better and healthy living. In Ayurveda Acharyas has explained different paricharyas like Rajswala parichrya, Garbhini Paricharya, sutikaparicharya for better reproductive life of female. The female who is menstruating is termed as Rajswala, and the nirukti of word is ‘raj astiasya iti. ‘The word Raj is termed mainly for menstrual blood flow. Rajswala paricharya helps to tackle adverse physical, physiological, and neurological changes taking place in the women’s body.

4

Authors: Mrityunjoy Baroi, Dipak Kr.Goswami

A women during her menses is called as Rajaswala in Ayurveda, and the rules and regulations to be followed by her is mentioned under rajaswala paricharya. Ayurveda clearly mentions about practicing rajaswala paricharya and how it helps to keep herself healthy and her future conception. by the concept of shudda shukra (healthy sperm) and shudda artava (healthy ovum) in the creation of garbha, its very clear that concept of supraja jananam ie; healthy progeny begins at the very level of pre-conceptional care or even before that in the form of rajaswala paricharya.In this paper a critical analysis of rajaswala paricharya as mentioned in our acharyas Its clinical significance and possible effect on healthy progeny.

5

Authors: Radhika Rani V, Gopikrishna.S2 and Shashirekha K S

Kaphajakasa is one of the most prevalent disease of the pranavahasrotas. The lakshanas mentioned in the description of kaphajakasa can be correlated with most of the symptoms of acute bronchitis. The notable cause of acute bronchitis is thesecondary bronchi infections produced by an account of gram positive bacteria. Among that, the prior position is taken by Staphylococcus aureus.Tambula is indicated in kaphajakasa and isjanthujith. Apart from this,tambula is cost effective and easily available drug which possess numerous compounds which has higher medicinal values. Present in -vitro study was done to evaluate the efficacy of alcoholic extract of tambulapatra against Staphylococcus aureusin patients of kaphajakasa, to provide an evidence based approach to the kaphakasahara and janthujith karma of tambulapatra. From the observation and result,it is evident from the study that the alcoholic extract of tambulapatra has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in kaphajakasa.

6

Authors: Nitin Juneja

Ayurveda is the earliest health system established since the beginning of the civilization and having lots of information for longevity and health. If we ignore these instructions, like living with non expenditure of energy and sedentary lifestyle can create santarpanajanya vyadhi. Sthaulya is one among them, independently and/or in association with other disease. Saptaparna is well known to the present era since Purana Kala and it is used in various ailments as quoted by various lexicographic texts. In Su. Chi. 37/33 Anuvasana Taila has been mentioned which contains Saptaparna and is indicated in the treatment of Sthaulya. The drug Saptaparna possesses Tikta and Kashaya Rasa which brings out Upashoshana of Kleda and Meda. Further Tikta, Kashaya Rasa, Katu Vipaka and Ushna Veerya reduces Kapha. The present work entitled 'A classical review on Sthaulyahar effect of Saptaparna was taken up with the aim to find a new better remedy which is easily available, cheaper, devoid of any controversy, commonly known and used to give a better cure in patients of Sthaulya.

6

Authors: Sindhu Umesh, Pramodini Patil2 , Meghana N3 and Bharati

Cervical Erosion (CE) is characterized by denudation or destruction of Squamous Epithelium of ectocervix and replacement by Columnar Epithelium. The etymology of Vrana goes as, “Vrangatravichurnane”, meaning any pathology causingvichurnana, or the destruction of the part of body is considered as Vrana.This is similar to the pathology of Cervical Erosion. Further this pathological correlation establishes the type of Vrana w.r.t Dosha and the Dhatu (owing to the type of srava and vedana). Accordingly pathological diagnosis of Cervical Erosion is Vata Kaphaja –Mamsagata Garbhashayamukha Gata Vrana (GGV). The CE is clinically characterized by white discharge per vagina with Nabothian cysts on examination, which matches “karnikakaragranthi” and shleshmasrava of Karnini-Yoni-Vyapt (KYV)as Clinical Diagnosis.Thus with the critical analysis of Cervical erosion with Shat kriya kaala of Vrana pathology and lakshanas of Karnini Yoni Vyapat, the correlation to the Disease entity(CE) is derived.

6

Authors: Krishnapriya S, GazalaHussain2 and Anu Robert

Sanjeevani or sanjivani is a Sanskrit word and is translated directly as the one that gives life or as life giving. Reference of mrutsanjivanaagada is found in Charaka samhita chikitsasthana vishachikitsa adhyaya. It is indicated in all types of visha, makes a person victorious, revives a person who is apparently dead because of poisoning and cures fever. It is a herbo- mineral formulation that has forty three ingredients. The mineral drugs are arsenic compounds that act antagonist to other animate poisons.

7

Authors: Bishnupriya Mohanty, Sherin Sebastian2 and Sangram Keshari Das

Diabetes mellitus and Cardiovascular disease (CVD) often go hand in hand, it is common co morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. People with diabetes are 415 million according to international diabetes federation of which 91% have type 2 diabetes mellitus. CVD is found more in type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to non- diabetes subject. It increases continuously with rising fasting plasma glucose level, even before reaching level sufficient for a diabetes diagnosis. Although there has been significant advances in the care of many of the extra pancreatic manifestation of diabetes, acute Myocardial infarction continuous to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic people. In person with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the death rats were 15.4% for those with no prior myocardial infarction and 42% in patient having a history of myocardial infarction. Researchers have found over 90% of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, have high risk if fatal heart attack disease or stroke within 10 years. A case of diabetes has undertaken to interpret the biochemical changes in pathology; which causes diabetes and in due course of its development can cause heart attack too.

7

Authors: Ragini Shukla, Shailesh Singh2 , Deepa3 and Mahesh Dixit

Ayurveda is the science of life by which a long, happy and healthy life can be achieved.Rasayana is definitely the only mean to accomplish it. RasayanaTantra is a distinct branch ofAshtanga Ayurveda. All classical treatises have explained Rasayanain great details. According to this, ‘Swasthasyaswasthyarakshanam’is the primary goal of Ayurveda which means to protect the health of a healthy person. In this context,Rasayana has been mentioned byAcharya to fulfillment this goal.Drugs, diet and regimens which promote longevity by delaying aging and preventing diseases are called Rasayana. A survey was conducted under Nirogi Rajasthanprogramme. In which we found significant amount of data related to RasayanSevana and their effect on longevity.Long and healthylife has been nurtured by man since ancient times. The survey study was done on 1500 persons, out of which 1070 persons take Rasayanaon daily basis. The overall percentage of RasayanaSevana was 71.33%.

7

Authors: Upadhyay Jay, Dave Alankruta

Introduction Urinary calculus is the most common afflict on the urinary system among other pathologies. It’s a chronic disease with acute symptomatology i.e., severe pain incidence and dysuria.It’s treatable with conservative management in the early stage with a good prognosis and speedy recovery. In the chronic phase, surgical intervention is essential in most cases though it comes with many complications and adverse effects. High S. Calcium level is a pathological stage, which can result in calcium crystal formation and deposition in the urinary tract leads to urinary calculus and obstruction of urinary pathway. Managing S. Calcium level can prevent further calculus formation and recurrence of calculus. Materials & Methods Total 32 patients, between the ages 18 to 70 years with classical symptomatology of urinary calculus and USG evident calculus in the urinary tract were registered& before treatment data was recorded. Patients were given Eladighanvati(500mg) each, 2 tablets 3 times a day with lukewarm water for 8 weeks. After treatment data was taken (Subjective & Objective) and assessed with proper statistical tests. Results In the subjective criteria,84.70% improvement was observed. In the USG investigation, 71.17% improvement was observed. In S. Calcium level, most of the subjects had slightly elevated S. Calcium levels, therefore no significant improvement was observed in it. In the overall assessment, 07 (21.88%) patients had marked improvement, 25 (78.13%) patients had moderate improvement. Conclusion Eladighanvati have a highly significant effect in the management of urinary calculus and have modulating effect for the S. Calcium level.

8

Authors: Meenu, Rashmi Kathait2 , Rakesh Kumar3 , Krishana Bihari4 and Ajai Kumar Pandey

Diabetes is one of the most complex illnesses requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk reduction strategies. Diabetic patients are prone to develop major foot complications like non-healing foot ulcer, cellulitis, abscess, gangrene and necrotizing fasciitis. Wound healing becomes a challenging task to biomedical science when associated with diabetic peoples. It becomes delay in diabetic conditions.Graded medical care like lowering blood sugar level, appropriate debridement of wound and treatment of infection, reducing friction and pressure and restoring adequate blood supply are the key measures for its successful management. In Ayurveda Vranashodhana and Ropana and Pathya-Apathya(diet and regimen) are preliminary step of wound management. In this study we have treated a case of diabetic foot associated with diabetic gangrene of 48 years female with Vranashodhana by Panchavalakala and Triphalakwatha followed by Vranaropana with Jatyaditaila, local bandage and some oral Ayurvedic medications. The patient is controlled diabetic under modern medications on doctor’s prescription. The complete wound healing was achieved in 30 days and gangrenous condition of ankle totally resolved without any complications and side effects.

8

Authors: N Pooja, A Arhanth Kumar2 , P H Shrikanth3 and PV Ramadas

Background: Anvaya is a method of rearranging the words to understand the proper meaning. It is a tool mentioned in the Sanskrit literatures. Though not many references are found it has been in use from the time of vedas. In present era, the current Ayurvedic curriculumdoes not stress on the tools like Vedangas, Anvaya, Tantrayukti etc which are mentioned to understand the classical texts like AshtangaHridayam. Thus, for reviving this practice among scholars and to reveal the knowledge hidden in ayurveda literature, it is important to understand the role of Anvaya. Objectives: To highlight the methodology of anvaya and its significance in understanding the exact, hidden, in-depth and contextual meaning with the help of examples. Materials and Methods: Thorough search of Sanskrit literature books like LaghuSiddhantaKaumudi, Shabdakalpadruma, TarkaSangrahais done, articles on literary tools are referred in internet to substantiate the methodology of anvaya. Then Ashtanga Hridayam – one among the classical literature is scanned to select appropriate examples to illustrate the objectives. Finally, a template for anvayakramais devised. Observation and Discussion: After scanning the various literatures, we observe that the concept of anvaya is told briefly in literatures.Also citing examples and detailing the methodology has helped to devise a template which is useful for teachers and students. Conclusion: This paper through examples exhibits the importance of anvaya in understanding any principle, its application, pathogenesis of a disease, process of medicine preparation and conditions to adopt a treatment protocol.

8

Authors: Zeba Firdouse, Anand Katti

The eye is one among the main sense organ of human beings. In Ayurveda, the importance of an eye has been stated with a quote “Sarvendriyaanaam Nayanam Pradhaanam”. It is composed of Panchamahabhutas with a dominance of Tejo Mahabhuta. Eye is a seat of Alochaka Pitta- Chaksurvaisheshika Alochaka Pitta. Netra Tarpana is considered as one of the best and important among Netra Kriyakalpas. Tarpana is considered to be the best purification and rejuvenation procedure for the eye. It is the specialized and effective treatment for various eye diseases. There is a great need for an effective ocular therapy for the prevention, mitigation and treatment of eye diseases having no or very least adverse effects. For many Netra Rogas, Netra Tarpana is considered as best treatment. For Tarpana, selection of Ghrita for the procedure carries prime importance. The Ghrita should be selected based on the Vyadhi and Dosha Dushti. In this article, the principle behind the selection of Ghrita for various eye diseases is discussed.

8

Authors: Sarma Nayanjyoti, Barman Pankaj Kumar2 and Medhi Champak

Fistula-in-ano is one of the most troublesome disease among ano-rectal disorders which causes inconvenience to the patient and the management are also not comfortable to the surgeons. According to Sushruta, the management of fistula-in-ano can be put under category of preventive & curative with surgical and parasurgical management. Kshara sutra therapy is a very popular treatment modalities for Fistula in ano due to less recurrence and less complications. Sushruta has mentioned 24 types of Kshara in the 11th chapter of SutraSthana. Kshara sutra is a unique medicated seton that helps in both mechanical and chemical cutting of the tract as well as drainage of pus and unhealthy granulation tissue from fistulous tract. In the present study of 150 numbers of patients were treated in five different groups of 30 which were selected randomly with different types of Guggulu based Kshara sutra prepared from Palash, Apamarga, Aragwadh, Aswamara and Saptaparna with an aim to evaluate the comparative efficacy.

9

Authors: Paras Wani, Neetu Jain

In medical care, patient satisfaction is a key indicator of the quality of care. Many studies have agreed on the fact that measuring patient satisfaction is a useful tool for determining the effectiveness of health care delivery and the quality of medical care provided. Hence, present study was aimed to determine the level of patient’s satisfaction with the quality of medical care services rendered by AYUSH unit of GTB Covid Care Centre and their perception towards integration of AYUSH services. GTB Hospital is a Covid designated hospital and AYUSH interventions were given to the Covid positive admitted patients. Study was conducted on 174 patients. Data were gathered through exit interviews of patients after obtaining their informed consent. The perception and attitude of patients was assessed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Majority of the patients were satisfied after taking AYUSH Kwath/ AYUSH Joshanda and their perception was that AYUSH Kwath /AYUSH Joshanda is effective in decreasing the symptoms and it was found statistically significant, P<0.001.Majority of the patients were of the opinion that AYUSH services should be integrated with conventional system. The study found that overall patients were highly satisfied with the AYUSH services provided by the health facility

10

Authors: Hegde Pallavi, A Arhanth Kumar2 and P H Shrikanth

Background: Nyayas are methods, general rule, principles, or logical explanation through which various concepts are explained. The authors and commentators use these Nyayas in order to make the topic easier and understandable for the readers. Critical analysis of these Nyaya is need of the hour to reveal its practical applicability in clinical practice. Aims and objectives: To find out various Nyaya pertaining to pathological and curative aspects and to explore the role of such Nyayas in clinical practice. Methodology: Original textbooks of Bruhatrayi along with available commentaries, translations, published articles in peer-reviewed journal and other online materials are referred for the current study. Observation: After thorough screening of literature, it is found that few Nyayas could be significantly comprehended in clinical practice with their thorough philosophical background. Maximum number of Nyayas are regarding the philosophical aspects of literature. Maxims like Shrunga Grahika Nyaya, Gobalivardhana Nyaya, Kapinjaladhikarana Nyaya, Abhinava-mrut-kumbha-jala- lava-syandana Nyaya, Utsarga Apavada Nyaya, Dhatu Poshana Nyaya, TailapatradharaNyaya etc. found useful in understanding cause, pathology, curability of the disease. Further noticed that maxims are useful for even medicinal preparations, rules and regulation about diet and ethical clinical practice etc. Conceptual analysis and application of these maxims have been discussed in the full paper. Conclusion: Spectacular vision on the basic principles through these logical explanations are key for success in clinical practice. Hence, these Nyayas has to be analysed and applied for the treatment purpose.

10

Authors: Divya Aswal, Kumar2 , Sanjay Gupta3 and Nitesh Anand

Lumbar Spondylosis has become a roaring complaint due to its chronicity, incurability, complications and morbidity and is expected to increase in magnitude in coming years. Lumbar Spondylosis refers to the anatomical changes to the spine and intervertebral disc spaces. In the present study comparative assessment of Patra Pinda Swedana and Erand Mooladi Basti in lumbar spondylosis has been attempted. Forty two patients of either sex between the age of 40-70 years, having signs and symptoms of lumbar spondylosis were selected and randomly divided into two groups. In Group A, 2 sittings of 15 days each of Patra Pinda Swedana at an interval of 15 days was done and in Group B, 2 sittings of 15 days each of Erand Mooladi Basti at an interval of 15 days was given. Both the groups showed statistically highly significant (P<0.001) results in improving Katigraha, Katishula, tenderness, flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion and VAS. Group A showed highly significant (P<0.001) result in improving Gridhrasivata Pida while Group B showed statistically significant (P<0.05) result. Both Basti and Patra Pinda Swedana provide effective result in such an agonizing condition but on comparative evaluation Basti provides sustained release.

10

Authors: K.J. Najma Sultana, Anand Katti2

Oral diseases are a major health problem worldwide. Poor oral hygiene is responsible for causing major risk for oral diseases. As oral health is the integral to general well-being, in Ayurveda, kavala and gandusha is considered as one of the daily regimens (dinacharya) that are to be practiced for maintaining oral health. Gandushaand kavalahas preventive and therapeutic properties. Hence this procedure can be adopted in both healthy and diseased persons. In Ayurveda, there is a detailed explanation about kavala and gandusha, types, various formulations and drugs, benefits etc. due to civilization ayurvedic mouthwashes are replaced by contemporary mouthwashes which limits its usage due to mucosal irritation, brown discoloration (staining) of teeth and its various hazardous effects. Complementary science recommends the use of mouthrinses that are prepared with various synthetic chemical. Now-a-days, chlorhexidine is the most efficacious compound used in mouthwashes which has antiplaque and antibacterial action ,but adverse effects associated with it are relatively higher. In the present work, problems due to usage of contemporary mouthwashes and ayurvedic view of kavalaand gandushawill be discussed and solutions by Ayurveda to overcome the Oro-dental problems.

15

Authors: Swati Bhingare, Rupaji Kadam2 and Ranjeet Sawant

In this most advanced techno-age making the human race is more susceptible to lifestyle-related disorders obesity has become a pandemic affecting the living standards of human beings. Obesity is the precursor of several comorbid conditions. Several recent studies have proposed that obesity is a risk factor for certain fractures indicated a strong contrary association between obesity and bone mineral density. As per the Saptadhatvatmak PurushSiddhanta (Principle of 7 body constituents), Meda (Fatty tissue) and Asthi (Bone tissue) Dhatu(body constituents) are interdependent and Health statistics link obesity with an increased risk of fracture which has an important public health implication and emphasizes the need to develop effective strategies to reduce fracture risk in obese subjects. The study is aimed to find the correlation between obesity and osteoporosis through a critical review of classical literature, modern literature, and published research work in PubMed and Google scholar index journals. The recent advances in biochemistry help to recognize the relationship between obesity and osteoporosis. The study shows that consuming a high-fat diet, inactive lifestyle, or lack of physical exercise hampered several metabolic pathways (RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway), changes the fate of mesenchymal stem cells from their normal destination, and altered bone homeostasis. The above study can answer how the etiopathogenesis of obesity-induced osteoporosis can be interrupted by adopting a healthy lifestyle and proper choice of treatment.