The International Journal of Indian Psychology

3

Authors: Mrs. Bhawna Sharma1, Dr. Manisha Basal2*, Dr. Rashmi Gupta3

A key goal of education is to ensure that every student has a chance to excel, both in school and in life. School performance in high school level depends on a student’s mental and physical abilities which are influenced by other factors also. Studies carried out in a wide variety of countries demonstrate that the Domestic violence influences to a great extent the educational achievements as well as co-curricular achievements of the students. The data used for the analysis is gathered from the students of 9th and 10th graders. The home has a great influence on the child’s psychological, emotional, social and economic state. The present study will also enable to improve students’ performance and reactions to the life situations and necessary psychological support can be provided from time to time. The study also reveals that the students whose parents have better jobs and higher levels of income have high academic achievements as compared to the students whose parents have lower level job & and lower levels of income.

7

Authors: Prof. Indu Bansal1, Pooja Pundir2*

This study has been designed to find out stress in early and late entrants in medical education and also age and gender interaction effect on stressor. The study was conducted on 1200 first year medical students ten randomly selected medical colleges of North Indian states of India. Stress of medical students was measured in terms of various stressors. Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) developed by Muhamad S. B. Yusoff, Ahmad F. A. Rahim and Mohd J. Yaacob was used to identify six domains of stressor including - Academic related stressors (ARS), Intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressors (IRS), Teaching and learning-related stressors (TLRS), Social related stressors (SRS), Drive and desire related stressors (DRS) and Group activities related stressors (GARS). Data were collected in person with each respondent. Means, Standard deviations for each domain were calculated separately for boys and girls and age groups and F test was used to find out the main effects and the interaction effects for each domain of stress. Significant interaction effects were found in all the domains of stressor except two ARS and IRS among groups. Our brief survey suggests that there are substantial differences expressed by these older students in regard to stressor prevalence. Current study demonstrated that early entrant boys and late entrant girls feel more academic related stress. For all other domains early entrants were having more stress than were their younger counterparts. The findings can help understand harms and stresses in early and late entrants in medical education and prepare intervention and guidance programmes for new medical entrants to beat stress and healthier amendment.

7

Authors: Prof. Indu Bansal1, Sonam Sharma2*

This study aimed to investigate perception of parent-adolescent interaction, outcomes and also to find out gender differences (girl Vs mother, girls Vs father and boy Vs mother, boy Vs father). Data were collected from 1719 adolescents (692 girls, 1027 boys) studying in 7th (329 boys, 263 girls), 9th (320 boys, 244 girls) and 11th (378 boys, 185 girls) classes of some selected schools of Delhi. Age ranged from 11-17 years. Self constructed questionnaire was used to find out parent-adolescent interaction and outcomes, categorized into 5 dimensions namely; Quality of interaction, Parental support, Kind of Treatment, Punishment and Reward and Criticism/Complaints between adolescents and their parents. Students were asked to mark their responses separately for father and mother, as per instructions provided for each section. Means and standard deviations were calculated. ‘t’ test was used to find out significance of difference between means. The result revealed that there are significant differences in parental interaction and outcomes with adolescent of different age groups and sex.

7

Authors: Ganesh Kumar J1*, Athilakshmi R1, Maharishi R1, Maya R2

Anxiety is an important psychological phenomenon which influences everyone’s life. In other words everyone experience some sort of anxiety in a day to day life. Many people experience anxiety when they speak in front of public. For most people especially, students these feelings of anxiety start before they begin to speak and continue throughout the speech but subside immediately after the speech ends. Some may feel only slightly nervous whereas another may feel faded and nauseated. Like anxiety, fear of negative evaluation also one of an important psychological factors which negatively influences performance of students. With this background, the present study attempted to understand the relationship between these psychological factors of students deeply. A study was done at VIT University-Chennai among 64 students studying in different branches of engineering. Samples of the study are both hostel dwellers and day scholars. Of the 64 students, 33 were female and 31 were male, who were selected through simple random sampling method and survey research design was adopted. The tools used in this study are Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Speilberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg& Jacobs, 1983). The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. In other words the fear of negativism and State Trait Anxiety correlated highly positively.

8

Authors: Rajendra Revanasiddappa1*, Dr. R, Venkat Reddy2

India is a developing country in which more than 80 percent of the people are poor and experience deprivation for a prolonged period. This effect of deprivation on individual's personality is very negative. These would hinder the growth & development of the nation because of the incomplete and partial growth of the individual potentials. The goal of the present study is to impact of the five big personality dimensions of high and low deprivation students. Objectives: To find out the impact of deprivation on five big dimensions of personality among college students. The sample consisted of 600 students; among 300 were high deprived and 300 were low deprived students. Selected students were measured on five big personality scale developed by John and Srivastava (1999). Results indicated that High and low level deprivation students were no significantly differences in the Extroversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness, and Openness to experience of personality dimensions. High and low level deprivation students were significantly differences in Neuroticism of personality dimension.

9

Authors: Ms. Rashi Juneja1*, Ms. Smriti R. Sethi2

With Informational Technological advancement, everyday new media is increasing the percentage of Internet addicts which appears as a potential problem in youth. Internet addiction according to DSM-5 is being observed as predominant problems in today’s youth. Research findings have proven that there exists a fine line between the time wherein we regulate technology and the time technology begins to govern our lives. Of the several voids that an individual encounters during the course of life is that of anxiety. At the time of it’s inception the internet had been confined to certain specific uses but with the passage of time it has reached a stage wherein the dependence of the individual has increased to an extent that it has become an obsession. Having said that, a brief explanation is required to support the statement put forward. When the individual under review shares a piece of information on the internet the thought process doesn’t end once the sharing is done, instead the notion of the circulation of the information tends to play on the mind of the individual making the person uneasy and anxious in terms of thought process. Moreover, a relationship exists between emotional intelligence and internet addiction assuming an internet addict to be low on emotional intelligence The present research has been undertaken to study the relationship between internet addiction, emotional intelligence and anxiety level of youth The study will be conducted on 50 males and 50 females (studying in colleges from Delhi and NCR), will be tested on Internet Addiction Test (by Dr.Kimberly Young) , Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A, . Br J Med Psychol 1959) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. ,1998). For this purpose, an appropriate statistical tool was used to analyze the relevant primary /secondary data Detailed results will be discussed in the full paper. It seems that internet usage is a boon for the society but may also prove to be a bane unless we focus on its positive, productive and controlling practices to manifest and promote its usage in the positive way for nurturing of values, ethics, personality, their psychological wellbeing and healthy lifestyle of youth themselves and their society.

10

Authors: Vijayalakshmi, K1, C. G. Venkatesha Murthy2

The present review paper attempts to present the challenges faced by the caregivers when they assume care giving responsibilities for person/s affected with Alzheimer’s. The experiences in the context of care are not limited with physical and psychological domains alone. Rather care giving for Alzheimer’s involves increased risk of mental, emotional and economic problems as well as due to consequences of care giving that accompanies due to handling such a role. Ultimately the quality of care received by the person with Alzheimer’s and the quality of life of the caregiver becomes imbalance/impaired. Successful execution of the role in care giving brings harmony/balance in life between them in all dimensions of health which is highly essential. Therefore it demands the professionals to help the caregivers to understand about Alzheimer’s disease condition and to handle them based on felt- need to render the best care.

13

Authors: Kamlesh Singh1, Swati Sharma1*

Positive psychology emphasizes the need to study positive traits related to positive human functioning. These traits help individual flourish beyond mere absence of illness. The concept of self and character strengths is made of many such traits. The present study aimed to understand the perceptions of adolescents about self, character strengths and happiness. A total of 1323 adolescents of North India aged 11-19 years (814 male and 509 female, Mean =15.35 years, SD = 1.39) participated in the study. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structured interviews. Recurring themes were identified and percentage of responses in each category was calculated. Results were mostly found to be similar across gender. Majority of adolescents were found to be satisfied with their physical appearance and dressing style. Character strengths like self-regulation, honesty and kindness were found most desirable in the study. Few differences were noted in description of ideal qualities of a man and woman. Present paper describes comprehensively perceived factors related to self, character strengths and happiness among North Indian adolescents.

16

Authors: Ather Mujtaba1*, Farah Malik1, Rabia Iftikhar1

The purpose of the study was to explore relationship and difference in anger, depression, and locus of control among Heavy smokers, cannabis users and heroin addicts along with identifying the determinants of depression. Purposive sampling technique was employed to draw sample. Sample was consisted of 150 male adults between ages ranging from 18 to 36 years who were divided equally in three groups. Participants were recruited from five cities of Punjab. Three assessment tools were used in data collection, Trait Anger Expression Scale (Rashid & Siddiqui, 2005), Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale (Siddiqui & Shah, 1992) and Drug Related Locus of Control (Hall, 2001). Result reveled that Expressive and state anger significantly correlated with depression among three groups. Anger, depression and DRLOC only associated in smokers. MANOVA showed that heroin addicts had very high level of expressive anger and depression than heavy smokers and cannabis users, while significant high anger in as compare to heavy smokers. Expressive anger, quantity of drug intake, DRLOC and quantity of smoking were predicted depression in whole sample. Expressive anger identified as main predictor of depression in smokers, cannabis users and heroin addicts.

5

Authors: Ahmed M. S. Alduais1*

Purpose: To briefly introduce base component of transformational generative grammar (TGG). Method: The study is mainly descriptive where previous and related studies are reviewed and presented to reach a view about the base component of TGG. Results: Base component serves as input to two basic elements of language which are semantic rules and deep structure. Semantic rules give semantic representation. Deep structure leads to transformational rules or transformations which again lead to surface structure. Conclusions: Base component has been introduced and modified in different stages under standard theory (ST) and then it has been modified to extended standard theory (EST). Later on and as a recent modification of this theory, it has been introduced in terms of what is known in nowadays as revised extended standard theory (REST).

6

Authors: Gupta, S1*, Singh, B2

Internet is a worldwide, decentralized network of hundreds and thousands of computers linked to each other through satellites orbiting in the space. Presently internet is not only limited to computers but also includes millions of people who are connected to each other through the internet. It has emerged as a major source of communication. On the one hand it has helped lets millions of people to express themselves and communicate with people separated by millions of kilometers; on the other hand it makes people dependent. The advent of computers has given birth to a new form of addiction called internet addiction. The symptoms of internet addiction not only resemble the symptoms substance addiction but also are equally harmful. The severity of internet addiction has made American Psychological Association include it into the appendices of DSM-V. Lot of research has been initiated to see the variables playing a vital role in the development of internet addiction. As the family is the most significant unit in every individual’s life, so the present study aims to see the relationship between family climate and internet addiction.

6

Authors: Uzaina1*, Dr. Asma Parveen2

It is estimated that around 20 per cent of the world’s adolescents have a mental health or behavioral problem. The prevalence of mental disorders among adolescents has increased in the past 20–30 years; the increase is attributed to disrupted family structures, and families’ unrealistic educational and vocational aspirations for their children. Assertive communication is the skill to speak and communicate in a manner that respects and look upon the rights and opinions of others while also standing up for your own rights, needs and personal boundaries. The purpose of the researchers was to find the relationship between mental health and level of assertiveness among adolescents. 80 college going students were randomly selected as the sample for research from Amity University Lucknow. Rathus assertiveness scale and Mental Health Inventory by Srivastava A. were used for assessing assertiveness and mental health among adolescents. Analysis was done using t-test to find gender differences among adolescents and Pearson r was used for assessing relation between both the variables. The result showed no significant gender difference among adolescents on assertiveness and mental health, but both the genders were found to be low assertive. Insignificant correlation was found on both the variables among adolescents.

7

Authors: Gayatri Hegde1*, Pavitra Kalmane Sridhara2, Handigol Anand3

Alcohol dependence is related with multiple etiological factors and one among those is personality of the individual. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between type of personality and alcohol addiction. Samples of 30 patients who have been admitted for de addiction were taken for the study. Socio demographic proforma, alcohol history proforma, CAGE questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Inventory were administered. It was found that significantly high number of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome had ambivert (76.6%) and neurotic (70%) personality. There were very few introverts (3.3%) and none of them had mentally well balanced personality. Clinical and research implications of the study are discussed.

7

Authors: Vaniprabha G. V1, S. G. Jadhav2

Suicidal behaviour and Depression among the 100 Female and 100 Male Commercial Sex Workers (CSW’S) and their mode of suicide was studied. Interpersonal therapy was initiated to lower their Depression and Suicidal behaviour. Despite the difference in the suicidal attempts among these population A 8 weeks’ therapy and 6 month follow up lowered their Depression and no further suicide attempts. This study explored these factors among this population in Bengaluru, India

8

Authors: Bilal Kaloo1*, Tanveera Ali2

An established fact is that in any armed conflict the bulk of the sufferers include women and children world-wide. The experience and exposure of children to violent incidents hampers their well being. Trauma caused by such violent incidents becomes threatening if not addressed properly and on timely basis. The role of family, community and other stake holders to relieve traumatized children in strengthening their coping mechanism is imperative. Teachers including school personnel usually develop trusting relationships with children and parents .Teachers may allocate time to deal with traumatic experiences, model the children’s responses, reinforce emerging coping skills and help children to resume normal life. Committed and trained teachers may turn out to be excellent mediators to provide mental health relief to large groups of children affected by trauma. This literature review analyses the importance and effectiveness of teacher-mediated psychosocial preventive interventions among children traumatized in the context of armed conflicts (war, military violence, and terrorism). Each child reacts differently to the impact of armed conflict. Their response depends on their age, gender, personality type, personal and family history, cultural background and experience, as well as on the nature and duration of the event. Stress can reveal itself in a wide range of symptoms, including increased separation anxiety, developmental delays, sleep disturbances, nightmares, flashbacks, decreased appetite, withdrawn behavior, and a lack of interest in play. Younger children can have learning difficulties; older children and adolescents can show anxious or aggressive behavior and depression. Parents, teachers and community networks must be mobilized to provide the continuity, trust and stability children need for recovery. This paper explains how important is the teacher mediated intervention in reaching out to children affected by trauma in conflict situations. Methodologically: Apart from the related literature review, the paper contains inferences from authors experience while working as mental health counselor in Kashmir, India.

9

Authors: Sudipta Kumar Behera1*, Ratna Dhar2, Dipak K. Adak1

Level of deprivation was examined in three individual groups in a border village namely, Kalmati in Dinhata Block-II, District Cooch Behar, West Bengal, which is situated in Indo-Bangladesh border. The village has three distinct geographical features – Group- 1) hamlets inside village kalmati, Group- 2) hamlets ahead of fence in Kalmati but situated before Bangladesh border and Group- 3) hamlets situated in erstwhile Bangladesh Chhitmahalsin side Kalmati. The sample consists of 346 subjects. Out of which, 123 samples belong to Group-1, 103 belong to Group-2 and rest i.e. 120 samples belong to Group- 3. The individuals fail to organise from adequate resources of physical, social, mental and emotional support from their immediate environment and society at large. Prolonged deprivation from the said facilities affects adversely physical growth as well as mental health of three individual groups. This was measured by Prolonged Deprivation Scale (PDS). The 15 areas of deprivation of PDS were analysed. The profiles differ significantly in some of the cases. Though the percentage of higher level of deprivation is similar in three groups, percentages of lower levels of deprivation differ among each other.

9

Authors: Sushma Kotnala1*

The major aim of the study was to find out spiritual intelligence among graduate students. A total of 60 students; 30 males and 30 female students were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique. The age range of all the subjects was between 19-24 years. All the subjects were assessed on the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (SISRI- 24) to analyze the spiritual intelligence of both the groups of students. Descriptive analysis of the data was done to obtain Mean and Standard Deviation. Independent sample t-test was used to find out the significant difference between the performance of boys and girls on different spiritual dimension. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female students on Conscious State Expansion, Critical Existential Thinking, Personal Meaning Production and Transcendental Awareness of Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (SISRI-24). The study concluded that there is no gender difference on spiritual intelligence.

11

Authors: Ruchi Singh1*

The 21st century is full of stress because people face so many problems in dealing with different aspects of their life. Spiritual people perform some spiritual practices for attaining psychological well-being, mental peace, and different types of healings and for many other purposes. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual practices and psychological well-being among Hindus. Spiritual practices positively affect psychological well-being. In the present study, Spiritual Practices Scale-Hindus (SPS-H) developed by Singh and Husain (2015) and Psychological Well-being Scale developed by Prakash and Bhogle (1995) were administered on 204 Hindus (127 male and 77 female). They were drawn from different temples situated in Aligarh and Agra districts of U.P. Data was analysed by using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to examine the relationship between the obtained scores of Hindus on the spiritual practices and psychological well-being scales. The main finding of this study was that the relationship between spiritual practices and psychological well-being was found to be strongly positive among Hindu.

13

Authors: Nikhat Kaura1*, Dr Roopali Sharma2

Family plays a very prominent and important role in an adolescent’s life. Adolescents may encounter rejections and subsequently develop the feeling of loneliness. The study aims to investigate loneliness and locus of control among adolescents belonging to joint and nuclear families. A total of 120 adolescents (males=60; females=60) in age range of 15-17 years residing in nuclear and joint families. Locus of Control Scale Indian Adaptation of Levensons Scale (Vohra, 1992) and Perceived Loneliness Scale (Jha, 1997) were administered to the participants. Analysis of variance revealed that the adolescents belonging to nuclear and joint families significantly differed on loneliness score. Results indicated that there was no difference between powerful others, chance control (external factors) and adolescents in nuclear and joint families, and individual control (internal factors) and adolescents in nuclear and joint families. Hence, it can be concluded that adolescents in nuclear families were lonelier as compared to adolescents in joint families. The study also shows that adolescents residing in joint families possessed higher internal locus of control whereas adolescents from nuclear families had higher external locus of control.

3

Authors: Dr. Indrajitsinh. D. Thakor1*

Educational psychology is considered as an important branch of modern psychology. In it the study of behavior of a child to an old man is done scientifically in context of his learning environment. Psychiatrists study behavior of individuals with the aim of alleviating mental disorders. Anthropologists study the behavior of men in different cultures. All seek to understand and predict behavior. Psychology is only one of many areas of science which are concerned with the study of behavior and psychologists study many aspects of behavior that are also studied by other disciplines. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Arts and Commerce college student on his achievement motivation in this research paper. Achievement Motivation inventory was used. The random sample (N=133) was taken from college. (69 Arts And 64 Commerce). “t” Test was calculated to find out the result. The “t” value of Achievement Motivation between Arts and Commerce college student comes to 1.30 which is in significant at 0.05 levels. This shows that, there is no significant difference between Arts and Commerce College students On Achievement Motivation. The detail results are indicating in the paper.

6

Authors: Bani Narula1*

The present paper is an attempt to study gratitude and forgiveness in unison in order to better understand their conceptual links and to confirm the query that how might combining two or more strengths produce additive effects in the pursuit of well-being and happiness in one’s life. Most importantly, the population for whom a strengths-based approach seems particularly invaluable is adolescents, who are at a critical development stage of making key choices about their future. Hence, identifying gratitude and forgiveness as a complete ‘package’ during this stage of life will equip adolescents with both intrapersonal and interpersonal resources which would aid at facilitating adaptive negotiations of the complex adult world.

8

Authors: Dr. Bobinder1*

The objective of this study was to compare of attitudinal difference in boys girls, rural & urban and poor & rich family towards English as a medium of instruction. A random sample consisted of 100 subjects from five senior secondary schools of Baghpat district of Uttar Pradesh. In the present research work Baghpat was the field of study. Survey method was used in the present research work. Attitude scale has been used for this research work. The arithmetic mean, S.D. and f-ratio were used for statistical analysis. Some study of abroad and some studies in Indian were selected for this research work. The results show that the rural students have more positive attitude than urban students towards English as a medium of instruction.

8

Authors: Prof. H.K. Chhabra1*, Ms. Heena Parveen2

The study probed the effect of cognitive and emotional Stroop on the performance of students from different levels of anxiety. Anxiety is a normal and healthy reaction to perceived danger that triggers a variety of physical, mental and behavioral changes in order to facilitate a speedy response (WHO, 2004). Again, anxiety has also been found to have an important role to play in situations of cognitive conflict. The Stroop effect has often been widely used for assessing conflict (Stroop, 1935; MacLeod, 1991). In the present study, a mixed sample of 89 students from the Government schools of Chandigarh in the age range of 14-18 years (mean age= 15.9 years) was taken, for the purpose. The repeated measures ANOVA and other analysis of the data brought out performance differences with regard to how different groups of anxiety perform during cognitive and emotional Stroop task situations. The study revealed that anxiety significantly interacts with Stroop performance. Further, high anxiety damages emotional Stroop performance more than it damages the cognitive Stroop performance i.e., high anxiety individuals show more reactive control (Braver, 2012). On the other hand, low and moderate anxiety seems to lead to more errors on cognitive Stroop as compared to the emotional Stroop.

9

Authors: Anusha Bhandari1*, Smriti. R. Sethi1

Every individual faces lot of hurdles in there day to day life, whether working, non-working or even those who are studying. The only factor that sets apart a winner from the others is how they respond to the situation that presents itself in front of them. Disability is considered to be a major problem in today's scenario and is also one major responsibility for those who have or are the care givers for those who have any kind of disability. Quality of life is the Individuals satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) with the cultural or intellectual conditions under which they live. Quality of life not only consists of self satisfaction but also consists of two other factors as well, parenting and Family Adjustment and Psychological Distress. It is very important and a study also proves that involvement of a parent with their child is considered important when it comes to relationship between them and other family members. It helps in understanding the child well and also the similarities and dissimilarities between each other which helps in resolving various parenting and family issues. The study was done on 80 mothers, 40 working and 40 non-working mothers of differentially disabled children. The age group of mothers varied from 30 - 50 years. And for Children it was 5 - 10 years, which was studied using 3 different questionnaires. The study conducted shows that there is significant different between quality of life of Working and non-working mothers of differentially abled children, there is a significant Difference in psychological distress of working and non-working mothers of differentially abled children and it also reveals that there is no significant difference between parenting and Family adjustment of working and non-working mothers of differentially abled children.

11

Authors: Mrs. Aarti Kaiwart1*, Mr. Manish Gupta1, Dr. Hemadri Sao2, Dr. Santosh Vishvakarma3

Today Stress is a part of our daily life work. Stress free life is nearly impossible to all people. But management of stress can be life easeful to live. Spiritual counseling can be one of the best tools for stress management. This research explores the effectiveness of spiritual counseling on stress level among college going students. Two group pre-post designs were used on Sample of 50 (25 in experimental and 25 in control group) college students. They were selected by incidental sampling method from the various colleges of Chhattisgarh. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 22 years. The experimental group was regularly exposed to Therapeutic intervention for 45 days. During this intervention the researcher discussed the problems with students & suggested them with solution through the reference of “Amritwani” heard every day. Data were collected through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by “Cohen”. For Statistical analysis of data “t-test.” Used. Results indicate highly significant effect of spiritual counseling on stress of college going students at 0.01 level of confidence.

13

Authors: Nilosmita Banerjee1*

Socializing in today’s world is considered as one of the most important things. With the growing concept of social media and many other such aspects, socialization has now gained an even more predominant status. This phenomenon is of most importance among the younger generation, especially the adolescents. This study focuses on the concept of social phobia, also commonly known as social anxiety, among adolescents. This study tries to explore the prevalence of social phobia amongst the adolescent girls belonging to different types of institutions which include a co-ed college and a girls college. The samples for the study were in the age range of 15-17 years, 30 samples from each college. They belonged to eleventh grade. The other variable which was different was that the samples who belonged from the co-ed college belonged to the arts stream, and the samples from the girls college were from the science stream. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (1987;Micheal Liebowitz) was administered on the students to measure the social anxiety, and they were given five open-ended questions which asked them, what would they do in certain social situations and what measures they would take to resolve them if they have any problem in the situations mentioned. The results showed an interesting aspect in respect to the prevalence of social anxiety among adolescent samples belonging to the different set ups of college. There was a difference of 13.34% in the prevalence of the social anxiety levels among the students. The samples from the co-ed college fell in the category of the 13.34%, wherein they showed levels of social anxiety as compared to the social anxiety levels of the samples in the girls’ college. It was also interesting to notice the differences and similarities in the responses the students from the two types of institutions provided. The study focuses on understanding whether the levels of social phobia or anxiety differ among the same gender of females in differing contexts, such as the nature of the institution or the type of stream they choose to study.

13

Authors: Costică Lupu1*

The “Ion Borcea” Technical College from Buhuşi is a school unit that aims to provide opportunities for theoretical and practical training, with real chances of insertion on the job market, in the domains: textile and leather industry, public constructions and tendering, trade, by taking into account the aspirations professional of students. The students’ attraction for the enumerated domains has found the appropriate environment to lay the bases for a prospective improvement/ passion and addresses young persons with ages between 14 and 18 years. During the 2014/2015 school year, at the “Ion Borcea” Technical College, there were enrolled 744 students, divided into 28 classes. The article presents applicative research the impact of socio-economic background on educational outcomes and their training. There is a close link between the economic status of parents and school children. In our research there were used the following research methods: the observation and conversation; the analysis of school documents, questionnaire and the statistical methods.

13

Authors: Megha Sharma1*, Dr. Aradhana Balodi Bhardwaj2

Introduction: Dancing is a powerful impulse and helps in channelizing ones energy. It serves different purposes for different individuals. Some seek entertainment with help of dancing whereas someone else might indulge in dancing because of the health benefits that come along. Various emotional can be attached to dancing and in turn it also caters to emotional needs of individuals. The purpose of this study was to study the impact of contemporary and western dancing styles on the well being levels of young females. Methodology: A sample of 80 females between 17-21 years of age was taken up for this particular study. The sample was divided equally into two groups of contemporary and western dancing styles. The Ryff Psychological Well Being Scale was used for administering the well being levels of participants’ pre and post the dance training. Results and Implications: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the well being levels of individuals on pre and post dance training measures. There was no significant difference between the overall well being levels of contemporary and western dance training groups. Also, there was no increase in the well being levels of young females post the dance training.

23

Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Saleh Alduais1*

Purpose: To account for the rise and fall of transformational generative grammar (TGG). Method: The researcher followed a descriptive research approach where the presentation of this paper is totally based on previous studies accounting for TGG. Results: There were many reasons for the rise of TGG including: innovativeness of this approach, its presentation in relation to other fields like mathematics a logic, providing more reasonable answers for controversial issue in regard to language, etc.. On the other hand, there were many reason that have lead to the fall of this approach including: ambiguity resulting from integration with other fields, namely mathematics and logic, rise of sub-schools most importantly generative semantics, frequent modifications of the proposed theory, etc.. Conclusions: In spite of the fact that TGG was able to approach language innovatively but it seemed clearly to link human cognitive abilities to the proposed theory. More focus was based on the sentence level ignoring meaning and text.

4

Authors: Pranati Satapathy

Invulnerability is a process involving development of the capacity to confront, withstand, overcome and benefit from the psychologically critical /deleterious life situations such as deprivation/ disadvantages, stresses, frustration, conflicts and crisis. From time immemorial, human kind seems to have learned to develop a sort of ambivalence towards such critical situations/conditions or adversities and the pain and suffering associated with these. Operationally invulnerability may be defined as competence amidst disadvantages.

5

Authors: Shelly Bhagat

Social media is a new formed society for individuals to interact and connect with each other, despite of their caste, class, region, religion, and race, which eventually is focusing on the overall wellbeing of individuals surfing on social media regularly. Loneliness has a major influence on psychosocial problems, mental health, and physical well-being which is now focusing the individuals more who spends most of the time online. Many people on social media sites often present idealized versions of their lives, leading others to make upward social comparisons, which can lead to negative emotions. Social interactions on social media sites, specifically Facebook, may have a negative impact on face-to-face encounters for individuals who already have high levels of Loneliness and anxiety. In the present review, loneliness is introduced as an exemplar of social media deficits highlighting the social media website Facebook. Here a definition of loneliness is provided, as well as explanation of why it may pose a situation of concern for Facebook users.

5

Authors: Dr. Ramalingam Kolisetty, Dr. Neeli Uma Jyothi

Introduction: Menopausal symptoms, though well tolerated by some women, may be particularly troublesome in others. Severe symptoms can compromise the overall quality of life for those experiencing them. Material & Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done from a tertiary care hospital. The study was carried out from November 2014 to February 2015. A total of 152 women presenting to the outpatient department of the hospital were selected for the study using systematic random sampling technique. A pre-designed pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Among the total 152 post menopausal women, prevalence of vasomotor symptoms including hot flushes & night sweats were observed in 38.6% & 43.7% of the study population respectively. Psychosomatic symptoms like sleep disturbances, muscle & joint pains were seen in almost half of the proportion. The overall prevalence of anxiety and depression was found to be 18.8% and 26.5% respectively. Conclusions: The present hospital based study among post menopausal women found a high prevalence of menopausal symptoms. Health education among women in the peri menopausal age group and specialist clinics at the primary & secondary health care level can probably cater the health care needs of the post menopausal women.

8

Authors: Aqsa Bibi, Ehsan Humayun, Sundus Bibi, Atif Ur Rehman, Nodia Shujaat, Imran Ullah

Mental health issues in university students are important problem which are needed to be addressed on priority basis according to the epidemiological data. Objective of current study were the screening of Post graduated and under graduates of Hazara University Garden Campus for assessing the rate of depression and its predictors among them. Total 600 students were approached, 300 post graduate students and 300 under graduate students data were collected by means of questionnaire. Beck Depression scale used as standard and questions were prepared according to it to assess major factors of depression. Response rate of students was reported 436/600, 209 under graduates and 227 post graduates respectively. In under graduates minimal to mild depression was reported 94.74% however only 5.26% students had moderate depression. On other hand 98.68% post graduates fall in mild to moderate degree of depression while moderate depression was reported in only 1.32% students. Interestingly none of student falls under category of severe depression. Major cause of depression among all graduates was academic stress as it is 73.68% and 54.60% in under graduates and post graduates respectively. Universities and health authorities should done studies among students to determine rate of depression and steps should be taken to minimize causes of depression among students so they can attain a good mental health status.

8

Authors: Dr. Altaf Ahmad Malla, Nasir Mohammad Bhat, Zahoor Ahmad Wagay

This study attempted to take a closer look at the coping styles and stress tolerance of care givers of schizophrenic patients and to determine the relationship between coping styles and stress tolerance of the caregivers of schizophrenic patients. A total number of 70 caregivers were selected using purposive sampling method. The tools used in this study are Life Change Event Inventory and AECOM Coping Scale Questionnaire. Data were cleaned and analyzed by SPSS version 16.00 windows. It is concluded that the caregivers of schizophrenic patients tend to use certain coping styles more than others and this preference lowers the stress experienced. It is also concluded that caregivers of schizophrenic patients are hardier due to the sociocultural expectations imposed on them.

9

Authors: Ms. Sabana Nasrin Islam, Ms. Buli

Ongoing family stress and demands during the course of treatment and care giving pose challenges for the mental health professionals besides the primary care provided by the family. The present case illustration allows the practitioner/clinicians to see the full range of family relationships and how family members are impacted when one or more members are experiencing hurt and pain. Family relationships are sources of most intense emotions in people’s lives and hearing the experiences and views of the entire family gives us a comprehensive assessment which helps the practitioner intervene at the level appropriate to the individuals need. The case highlights the importance of family interactional pattern in the management of Schizophrenia.

12

Authors: Bushra Faraz, Syeda Mamta Jinnat Adam, M.G. Shahnawaz

The present study aimed at exploring how parenting styles have changed across generations in the Indian context. This study was carried out by mixed method (using both quantitative and qualitative measures). For quantitative analysis, the sample comprised of 100 family units residing in Guawhati, Assam which consists of two generation of mothers of the age group 50 years and above and, the second generation of mothers was of 30 years and above. For qualitative analysis, 5 family units were taken, viz 5 mothers of first generation and 5 mothers of second generation were participated. For quantitative analysis, Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991) was used for measuring Baumrind’s (1971) authoritarian, authoritative and permissive style of parenting. For qualitative analysis, IPA (Interpretative phenomenological approach) was used. Results showed that parenting style passes from generation to generation to some extent. Both generations of parents used authoritative parenting styles more than the other two styles. Four major themes have emerged in the qualitative analysis. Qualitative results showed that parents of new generations have given more freedom to their children; however, reasoning is used more by the older generation. Punishment of any kind is more prevalent among older generation parents than the new generation of parents.

23

Authors: Dr. Shweta Tandon, Dr. Seema Mehrotra

Background: The diagnosis of cancer can shake the equanimity of the strongest individual and the onset of symptoms and eventual diagnosis are occasions for questions such as “Why me?”, “Why now?”, and “How did I get this illness?” Aims: The purpose of the present research on a sample of 103 recently diagnosed cancer patients was to investigate the extent of preoccupation with search for meaning, to document individual differences when one is confronted with a cancer diagnosis and to record changes if any in preoccupation during an interval of one month. Secondly to assess the role of religion/spirituality as well as social support in individual encounters with cancer by examining the effects of these two variables among individuals facing a common stressful situation. Lastly to examine relationship of search for meaning with psychological outcomes (anxiety, depression and quality of life). Results: The results indicated that individual differences did exist in the degree of preoccupation with “why me”, social support scores significantly differentiated between subgroups with different levels of preoccupation with “why me?” and that patients with highest engagement with “why me” had poorer quality of life and elevated distress levels. Conclusion: Findings highlighted the important role of meaning making issues and the need to address them in intervention. Secondly dialoguing with treating physicians regarding the important role of psychological variables and their relation to distress levels and quality of life.

29

Authors: H.K. Nanda, Shruti Marwaha, Pawandeep Chawla

The present research study was conducted for the development, item analysis and standardization of Teachers Cognitive Ability Test. Random sampling procedure was followed to select 383 subjects from different cities. Subjects consisted of male as well as female in-service teachers. The objective of the research was achieved in the form of a reliable and valid test intended to provide an insight into those scientific methodologies that can help us measure and reorder human intelligence to enhance cognitive factors among teachers by filling the gaps, to produce successful and efficient teachers. The validity was estimated through linear regression method. The reliability was calculated via Test-Retest Method. The main objective of the study was to develop test items through Bloom’s taxonomy, Leslie Wilson theory, determining the Difficulty, Discrimination Index & Reliability. The test would help in the identification, measurement and analysis of core cognitive ability factors that determine success in teaching.

5

Authors: Vivek Bhuchar

Suicidal ideation is concerned mainly with the obsessed thoughts to commit suicide. The range of the suicide depends upon the thought process including fleeting to extensive thoughts and role playing. The term automatic thought is defined as a thought that also comes in as an image in the mind seemingly automatically in response to an event, for example an event can be “a car is coming towards you”, an automatic thought can be “I am in danger!” and feeling associated is “fear, anxiety”. The thoughts that are immediate, quick that goes in the mind as a response to a situation. They are the thinking reactions that affect emotions and behaviors. Stress can be defined as a situation when one feels overloaded with pressures and if in reality that pressure can be handled or not. The aim of the current investigation is to study the relationship between suicidal ideation, automatic thoughts and stress among college going students. For this study, Suicidal Ideation scale (Devendera Singh et al., 2005), Automatic thought questionnaire (Kendall and Hollon,, 1980) and Perceived stress scale (Woerner and Gardell, 1990) to be administered to the sample of 100 students in the age range of 20-24 years. The sample is to be taken from different Post Graduate colleges of Chandigarh. An inter-correlation matrix will be calculated to see the relationship between the variables. The result has shown positive and significant correlation between suicidal ideation and automatic thoughts (r = 0.52), significant at 0.01 level. The result has also shown positive and significant correlation between suicidal ideation and stress (r = 0.21), significant at 0.05 level.

6

Authors: Pammi Singh

This study was aimed at examining the effect of some yogic practices (Surya Namaskar, Anulom-Vilom Pranayama) on aggression level of adolescents. For this, 30 adolescents were conveniently selected from Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar who were studying B.A. And B.Sc. First year 2015 and were randomly assigned into experimental groups. Yogic practice was allowed among participants for 25 days (from 15-Feb-10 March 2015). Measurement of pre and post logical memory of participants was made by using aggression Scale developed by Km. Roma Pal. Result showed statistically significant decrease (89.13-73.26, observed t- value = 9.62) in post anxiety level of participants on 0.01 level of significance.

7

Authors: Vaniprabha G. V, S. G. Jadhav

The purpose of this study was to explore the pattern of alcohol use, mode of suicide and extent of depression among 200 female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Bengaluru, India and use Karma yoga principles of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita as a tool for Cognitive Behaviour therapy (CBT) for a period of 6 weeks to maintain abstinence after a short detoxification programme of 2 weeks and lower their depression. A 3 month follow up indicated they had maintained abstinence for that period and had not attempted suicide also.

8

Authors: Dr. Satyananda Panda

The aim of the present study was to investigate psychological correlates of substance abuse among first-admission male and female patients diagnosed with substance use disorders. Data was collected from a sample of 60 (30 male and 30 female) first-admitted patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), with no previous history of specialized treatment (addiction clinics, psychiatry). Substance use disorders were diagnosed according to DSM-V. Patients were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire- Revised (EPQ-R). The statistical analysis indicated that depression did not correlate with psychoticism (r = -.062). There existed a negative and significant correlation between depression and extraversion (r = -.68, p<.01). There also existed a negative and significant correlation between extraversion and neuroticism (r= -.601, p<.01). Neuroticism correlated with depression positively and significantly (r = .59, p<.01). There was no significant difference found between hospitalized male and female patients with substance abuse disorders on different psychological variables like depression, psychoticism, and neuroticism. However, a significant difference among them was found on extraversion (t=3.17, p<.01). Depression and personality traits still may have some role in the etiology of substance use disorder and may act either as predisposing, precipitating or perpetuating factors. So, depression and personality traits of a person should be considered during treatment, management, prevention and rehabilitation of the patients with substance use disorder.

9

Authors: Pranita R. Jagtap

The present research was an exploratory research to study the predictors of achievement motivation of early adolescent girls- socio-economic status, intelligence and academic achievement. The sample of this research work consists of 132 girls studying in secondary schools of Pune City, Maharashtra. Projective test of achievement motivation by Deo-Mohan (1986) was used to measure achievement motivation. To assess economic, educational and social status of the family, Socio-economic scale was used, developed by Dubey and Nigam (2005). Raven’s (1960) Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) was used measuring IQ. However, academic achievement of the students was determined on the basis of school mark percentages. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression was done to investigate the best pattern of variables for predicting achievement motivation. Data analysis revealed that achievement motivation of students was significantly correlated with academic achievement. No significant correlation was found between scores of achievement motivation, intelligence and socio-economic status. Results of multiple regression revealed that academic achievement was significant predictor of achievement motivation.

10

Authors: Prerna, Naved Iqbal, Akash Kumar Mahato

Peer contagion describes a mutual influence process that occurs between an individual and a peer and includes behaviors and emotions that potentially undermine one’s own development or cause harm to others. The influence process often occurs outside of awareness; participants may not intend to influence their peers, but they engage in relationship behaviors that satisfy immediate needs for an audience or companionship, and these behaviors inadvertently influence themselves or others. It can be of two types positive and negative peer contagion. Negative peer contagion include- aggression where as positive would include altruistic behavior. Different ways to reduce peer contagion would that include evaluation of aggression, intervention strategies for youth. The present study conducted on 250 adolescents (age between 13 to15). Then on the basis of screening total number of 120 subjects were selected and divided into two equal groups of 60 subjects; each group had 30 low and 30 high quality of friendship group. They were selected from different schools of South Delhi. Tools used in the study are Aggression Questionnaire, Self-report altruistic scale (SRA), Quality of friendship questionnaire; Quality of friend (Interview schedule).The result suggested that there is no interaction between quality of friend and the quality of friendship in the positive peer contagion. But desirable friend and undesirable friend and high and low quality of friendship can distinguished on the positive peer contagion. On the negative peer contagion there is interaction between the quality of friendship and quality of friend and also high quality of friendship is highly related to it, also negative peer contagion is more related to undesirable friend.

11

Authors: Vinayak M. Honmore, M. G. Jadhav

The present paper aimed to study psychological well-being in relation to gender and optimistic attitude among college students. Two hundred first year Arts, Commerce and Science students (100 males and 100 females) from different colleges in Islampur and Sangli (Maharashtra) participated in the present study. The participants received Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) with five subscales (Sisodia and Choudhary, 2012) and Optimistic-Pessimistic Attitude Scale (Parashar, 1998). The multivariate and univariate analyses were directed to assess the subscale consistency of the PWB, the factor structure of the PWB in terms of its subscales, and gender differences in PWB, its subscales and optimistic attitude. The relationship between psychological well-being, its subscales and optimistic attitude has been thoroughly analyzed. The obtained results are discussed in the light of earlier work.

15

Authors: Esmaiel Soleymani, Mojtaba Habibi, Mani B. Monajemi

Background: Dyscalculia tends to debilitating for children with respect to their social interactions and learning process. Although it can cause so many problematic consequences in developmental stages of children, by implementing precise and in time therapeutic intervention, it can be mitigated. Current paper examines the efficacy of emotional regulation techniques among students who suffer from dyscalculia. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. Statistical Society of this study included all students (4th, 5th, 6th grader), who suffered from dyscalculia in Bileh town (Urumieh Province/Iran) during 2013-2014(N=76). This study consisted 34 students, who suffered from dyscalculia. These students were chosen via systematic random sampling. Data were collected using Raven IQ test, Shalev mathematical Test, Alexithymia Scale, Psychological wellbeing questionnaire. Regarding analyzing data, MANOVA was used. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance show that between case group and control, significant difference in components of alexithymia and psychological wellbeing were noticed. Hence, it can be inferred that emotional regulation strategies improves component of alexithymia and psychological well being of students with dyscalculia. Conclusion: According to results, teaching emotion regulation strategies to students considered to be effective in promoting awareness and positive attitudes. Thus, it is plausible that implementing these strategies tend to play major role as an intervention among students with dyscalculia.

16

Authors: Dr. Mandeep Kaur, Inderbir Kaur

The present studied investigated the effect of dysfunctional attitude and self-blame on self-esteem and self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) among adolescents. 122 adolescents between 15-19 years were taken in for the study. They were students of 11th and 12th standard of various public and private schools of Patiala. All the participants were given Child and Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (CADAS), Attribution Blame Questionnaire (ABQ), Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), Test of Self Conscious Affect- Adolescents (TOSCA-A). Results showed that adolescents high on dysfunctional attitude are low on self esteem and high on shame whereas adolescents high on self-blame were also low on self-esteem and high on shame. The study also shows interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and self-blame.