The International Journal of Indian Psychology

4

Authors: Richa Varshney1, Dr. Uma Joshi2

Children are the building blocks of the nation and home is the first and most important school for the child, will ever have. Parental involvement has been recognized as the most important factor to influence the childhood and adulthood. Any enrichment programme, for maximizing the potentials of all the children has to have active parent-child interaction. The role of parents in bringing up their children is quite important both in terms of their devotion with respect to time spent with them, money and other consideration. Parents transmit the culture and custom of society to the incoming generation. Parent involvement implies how the parents involve themselves in developing overall personality of the child. It may be described as the allocation of resources to the child‟s school behavior. Parents‟ involvement in education either in school or at home, will create a partnership between school and parents. The resulting partnership between parents and school will develop effective communication from home to school and school to home. The main objective of the present study was to compare the parent knowledge, attitude and involvement towards school education between boys and girls children. Data was collected with the help of standardized tool „Parent Involvement Scale‟ by Dr. Rita Chopra and Surbala Sahoo. Sample size was 100 boys and girls of IVth and Vth Standards, will be selected from Agra city. Analysis of data was done by percentile technique. Findings of the study indicate that involvement of parents towards boy is more than girls. Although they support both of them but in some areas like tours from schools, outdoor group study, financial matter etc, they still ignore girls.

7

Authors: S. Mohamad Moosavi1, Mahshid Ahmadi2, Javad Setareh3, Mani B.Monajemi4

Objectives: Sleep has been one of God’s most precious blessings since human’s existence and it is vital for both body and soul. External and internal factors like age, sex, drug, illness, psychological pressure, job, life style and Earth's magnetic field influence quality of sleep drastically. In this study we tended to find the relationship between geographical direction during sleeping process and quality of sleep. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 students from university of Iran, Mazandaran province were selected arbitrarily. After exclusion, based on exclusion criteria, the number of research’s samples reached to 153. Tools used regarding collecting data were standard Pittsburg sleep quality inventory (PSQI) in order to assess the quality of the sleep. Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL- 90-R) was used in order to study psychiatric symptoms and an anonymous demographic questionnaire was used to record personal information, filled by individuals. Software Spss17 with chi-square were used for statistical analysis procedure. Results: 30.7%(47cases) slept in north-south direction, 22.8%(35) in south north, 26.2%(40) in east west and 20.3%(31) in west east. Among PSQI sleep scales, there was a strong relationship between difficulties in falling asleep with geographical directions of sleep (p<0.001). No significant relationship between sleep directions and other scales has been found. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of sleep difficulties and strong relationship between geographical directions and quality of sleep. With respect to this study, sleep in north-south position can be advised to improve sleep quality and it necessary in order to maintain sleep hygiene.

8

Authors: Dr. Archana Shukla1, Deepti Mehrotra2

Context / background: The present study endeavourers to cast a glance at HIV/AIDS awareness among Female Sex Workers in CREATE (Centre for Rural Entrepreneurship and Technical Education) at Lucknow. Aim: To explore HIV/AIDS awareness among female sex workers. Methods: An ex post facto research with an exploratory orientation was conducted, on 50 female sex workers selected on the basis of purposive sampling (age ranged 20-30 years). An effort was made to identify the level of awareness among female sex workers through self devised questions. Percentage analysis was done. Results: Results revealed that majority of female sex workers were aware of HIV/AIDS, STD, there causes and preventive aspects. Conclusions: Though the picture seemed somewhat positive yet it is pathetic that almost half of the sample seemed either confused or unaware of the essential concepts regarding HIV/AIDS.

8

Authors: Abdul Raffie Naik1

The current study focuses on locus of control and the difference in it among different demographic variables such as gender (male and female), course of study (science and arts) and locality (urban and rural) among college students. It is a promising area of inquiry. The age of college students is the age of developing their personality and is a critical context for studying personality. The study was conducted on 171 college student of Gulbarga city who were selected by a random sampling method (lottery method). The questionnaire consisted of personal data sheet, and Rotter’s locus of control scale. Descriptive Statistics and non-parametric statistics as Mann-Witney test (U) were used to analyze the data. The results could not find significant difference on locus of control among males & females, science & arts and urban & rural college students.

8

Authors: Vandana Sharma1, M.G. Sharma2

The present study examines the effectiveness of psych-astrotherapy on pathological gamblers.75-Pre-treated and 75Post-treated pathological gamblers were evaluated at S. I. Mental and Physical Health Society (SIMPHS) Varanasi district in India. These groups were matched on age (range 19 to 44years with a mean age of 29.6 years and they had gambled for an average of 12.5 years with a mean length of uncontrollable gambling of 9.7 years). Indian adaptation of T.A.T. (Seven cards) 1, 3B, 4, 6BM, 7BM, 13MF was used to ascertain personality characteristics on the four selected dimensions viz: need, press, interpersonal relations and outcome. Mean scores obtained on different variables were analyzed using t-test of significance. Results indicated that the characteristics associated with Post- treated pathological gamblers were cognizance, dominance, autonomy, achievement, counteraction, affiliation, sex capacity, interpersonal relations and outcome whereas the characteristics associated with Pre-treated pathological gamblers were aggression, rejection, passivity, acquisition, and press.

8

Authors: Bhadkamkar M.1, Rejani T.G.2, Arvind A.3

Introduction: The relation between criminal behavior and different dimensions of personality features were studied extensively and available literature on offenders has described different personality traits observed in them. However very few literature is available on Indian population. Aim: To find the prominent personality traits, attribution styles used and level of sensation seeking among prisoners. Method: the study design used was cross-sectional design. 30 offenders from Sabarmati Central Jail were selected using purposive sampling. Tools: To assess attribution style, personality traits and sensation seeking behavior, following tool were used. Attribution Style Questionnaire, Eysenck‘s Personality Questionnaire, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale Result:43% prisoners scored high on neuroticism trait. 55% prisoners showed extraversion and 60 % females showed neuroticism as a predominant personality trait. 66.67 % prisoners had internal locus of control. 76.67 % prisoners had low level of sensation seeking. Implication: this study will throw light upon the criminal behavior and personality of prisoners which will be beneficial for future therapy work.

9

Authors: Siti Nuzulia1

Work value refers to an individual‟s perception about work and relates to the meaning an individual assign to work. The brilliance of an organization very much depends on an individual‟s work value, as work value affects organizational behavior, performance, productivity, and organizational commitment. Work value also has its foundation on the cultural background that someone is exposed to, as different cultural values/norms have different influence on an individual‟s cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior. Therefore, a cross-cultural study that compares relationships between work attitude and aptitude at various cultural levels is required. This research is aimed at finding out the definitions work values hold by Javanese employees, because Javanese is one of the ethnics in Indonesia with its unique and typical custom. This research uses Indigenous Psychology. The participants were 700 employees of Javanese descent. The sampling method used was snowball sampling, in which the researcher randomly sample respondents that met the criteria, and they were then given the questionnaires. Research findings suggest that respondents define work as activities to fulfill family welfare, do something meaningful, carry out religious teaching, apply knowledge and add new insight. The research found seven main Javanese work values, which are discipline, loyalty, honesty, responsibility, totality, good relationship with co-workers, and enthusiasm. Furthermore, the results showed that the most attainable values through working are keeping busy, gaining status and gaining freedom.

9

Authors: Dr. Ritu Sekhri1

Suicide Ideation has been considered as an important antecedent of attempted suicide. It refers to the cognitive aspect of suicide, and may be considered an early detection of more serious suicidal behaviour. When people view their lives from negative perspective filled with emotional pain and distress, they inflate the consequences of their mistakes, start believing that they will continue to fail and should give up altogether. Police officers are almost under stress to meet the demands of the public and works under high stressful conditions as they have to keep the crime rate under control. They have no breaks, no vacations, no weekends and have to work in all weather conditions providing public with all comforts. The paper focuses on the psychological variables and demographic factors such as anxiety, depression, alcohol, age, gender, socio-economic status, rank, years of service, years of current position, educational qualifications, marital status, presence of health-related problems that seems to play an important role in understanding the predictors of suicide ideation and suicide among Indian Police officers.

11

Authors: Mohammd Kianbakht1, Shiva Nematpour Kapourchal2, Sedigheh Naghel3

Stress is perhaps the most common pain with which we are faced. None of other physical symptoms are general as pain. Accordingly, since the beginning of the recorded history, trying to control the pain has been the main goal of human beings. The present study examined the relationship between coping strategies, perfectionism, pain beliefs, and chronic pain among firefighters suffering from chronic pain after controlling the age factor. The study employed a descriptive-correlational method to examine 405 firefighters suffering from chronic pain. The sample was selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the chronic pain, coping strategies, perfectionism, and pain beliefs questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and partial correlation. There was a significant positive relationship between firefighters’ age and the duration of pain, chronic pain disorder severity, emotion-focused coping strategies, pain beliefs and maladaptive perfectionism. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between firefighters’ age and problem-focused coping strategies and adaptive perfectionism. After controlling the age factor, high levels of pain duration and chronic pain disorder severity were related to high levels of emotion-focused coping strategies, maladaptive perfectionism, pain beliefs and low levels of problem-focused coping strategies and adaptive perfectionism. Zero-order correlation revealed that, the age of subjects had little impact on the strength of the relationships between the variables of the duration of pain and chronic pain disorder severity. The results indicated that, participants’ age had little impact on the strength of the relationship between the variables. It implies that young firefighters have urgent need for psychological interventions pertinent to the chronic pain for reducing chronic pain disorder severity and its duration.

5

Authors: Abdul Raffie Naik1

This present study was aimed to know the relationship between Personality Factors (Openness and Conscientiousness) and Organizational Commitment among university employees. The NEO Five Facto Inventory a 60 item Questionnaire and Organizational Commitment Scale consists of 8 items was administered on the university employees. Simple of 30 individuals were selected through purposive sampling from Molana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used for statistical analyses. The result revealed that there exist an inverse relationship between organizational commitment and openness and positive relationship between organizational commitment and conscientiousness.

5

Authors: Ankit Patel1

John B. Watson grew up in South Carolina. While he later described himself as a poor student, he entered Furman University at the age of 16. After graduating five years later with a master's degree, he began studying psychology at the University of Chicago. Watson earned his Ph.D. in psychology in 1903.

6

Authors: Mrs. Shalini Singh1

The notion of attachment has been defined in different ways, but something which is identical in all definitions is that attachment is an essential ingredient for normal Human Development. From a developmental perspective, attachment theory has served as an important framework in understanding relationships throughout the lifespan. Attachment theory explains how individuals cope with conflict and assume various interpretations from the behaviors of others. From the experiences of early attachment relationships with a primary caregiver, the internal working model (IWM) becomes a mental representation of expectations and beliefs about the self in relation to others. The parent-child relationship serves as a prototype for future relationships of the child. It is this first relationship that the child uses as a template to apply to future relationship experiences. In short, the qualities of early relationships predict later relationships, and success in later relation-ships takes root in lifespan development. The present article provides a brief synopsis of the changes that occur during adolescence and describes what attachment is, why it continues to be important and how it is transformed during adolescence. It summarizes major findings on the impact of attachment on adolescent adjustment and discusses strategies for supporting healthy adolescent-parent attachment and also describes the secure and insecure attachments, patterns during adolescence towards parents and impact on their social & Psychological adjustment.

7

Authors: Dr. Archana Shukla1, Saurabh Srivastava2

The aim of present study was to cast a glance on the dynamics of interpersonal relationships of Men who have sex with Men (MSM). Sample of 50 MSM were selected through purposive sampling technique age ranged from 16 to 40 years from Bharosa (Trust on MSM). Thematic Apperception Test (Indian adaption by Dr. Uma Roy Chowdhary) was administered on the participants. Result revealed that conflicting interpersonal relationships of MSM with their significant others specially father.

10

Authors: Ayesha Khan1, Dr Shah Alam2

The purpose of this investigation was to find out the significant relationship between Self-concept and achievement motivation of high school students and also tried to measure the self-concept and achievement motivation in relation to gender. For the purpose of the present study 400 (200 boys, 200 girls) students of high school were selected randomly from four different schools of Aligarh (UP) within the age range of 16-17 years. To assess the self concept of high school students Self-Concept Questionnaire developed by Dr. R. K. Saraswat (1984) was used which provides six dimensions viz. physical, social, intellectual, moral, educational, and temperamental as well as a total self-concept score. The achievement motivation of high school students was measured by the Achievement Motivation (n-Ach) Scale developed by Dr. Pratibha Deo and Asha Mohan (1985). Pearson's product moment co-efficient correlation was applied to investigate the relationship between self-concept and achievement motivation; t-test was applied to see the differences between mean scores of girls and boys on self-concept and achievement motivation. One of the findings of the study showed a significant positive correlation existed between self concept and achievement motivation of high school students. Another finding of the study revealed that there was no significant gender differences existed on total self-concept, physical self-concept, intellectual self-concept, educational self-concept and temperamental self-concept. Furthermore it was found that girls and boys differed significantly on social self-concept and moral self-concept.

10

Authors: Mr. Joseph V. Philip1, Mr. V. Kannappa Setty2, Dr. R. Parthasarathy3, Dr. Dorothy P. Rekha4

Recently the authors were assigned to train higher education students (the second year master‘s and PhD scholars) with soft skills at the Department of Social Work at the Kuvempu University, Shimoga. The department wanted to enhance the students‘ preparedness into being competent professionals through social skills training as soft skills can enhance their technical expertise.

12

Authors: Mr. Kannappa Setty V1, Dr. Sanjeevkumar Manikappa2, Dr. R Dhanasekara Pandian3

In the 21st century where communicable diseases are being replaced by behavioral problems, there is increased need for psychiatric social work interventions in dealing with psychosocial issues and restoring individual functioning. Changing familial and social structures too have negatives impact on the management of psychiatric disorders, especially in rehabilitation of persons with severe mental illnesses. Here is a case study that highlights both the importance of and challenges in psychosocial Interventions. The case study illustrates the rehabilitation process of a client with obsessive compulsive disorders, poor secondary social support, distorted family dynamics and frequent relapses. The client was enabled to make informed choices about his illness, occupation and social rehabilitation.

12

Authors: Aastha Dhingra1

We live in a world full of judgment and competition, inescapably comparing ourselves and being compared to those around us. The types of actions users take and the kinds of information they are adding to their Facebook walls and profiles are a reflection of their identities. You are your Facebook, basically, and despite all its socialness, Facebook is a deeply personal medium. The time spent earlier during a car ride to a daydream, or building fantasies during lunchtime at work, or those small breaks one took to gaze outside the window are now all time to connect with technology, reply to a text, log on to websites and check email or notifications. I feel robbed on my aloneness, to be rather a buzz of constant communication, that hinders my every moment, and there is always someone to reply to. I finalized this topic because I wanted to explore the need of projection of an online identity of one’s self and if it is the performance and the constant simulation that keeps us stimulated and addicted or is it the reflection of the real onto our screens, because some of us project and consume, idealized images through Facebook, and researchers have been trying to figure out how all this flawlessness affects us in the real world.

14

Authors: Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani1, Preeti Sharma2, Firdos Jahan3

It has been consistently observed and found in research that there are marked gender differences in the prevalence of many mental disorders. The paper will examine the most common mental health issues and their differential prevalence among men and women. The paper will also throw light on the various psychological models of gender development which might help in understanding the possible reasons of differential rate of different disorders among women and men. The paper will focus more on the psychosocial origin of gender differences in various mental health issues. It has implications to bring changes in socialization patterns, parenting practices, coping styles, reinforcement contingencies, shedding negative stereotypes to decrease the prevalence of some gender specific disorders.

18

Authors: Parul Gupta1, Kanica Kharbanda2

Recent research on services available for early intervention in New Delhi, India highlights that, there exists a lacuna between the services available and needs of a child with neurodevelopment disorder. The dual needs of a special child, which define his age and his syndrome, are not appropriately focused by the services available in India. The focus of the services available is on making the child adaptive to environment and scholastic skills. It is strongly felt that the focus should be on skill development of the child, to make him socially interactive, expressive and developing his theory of mind. The paper presents an Early Intervention Model, Eye To ‗I‘®, which includes an integration of language therapy in play -based interaction with special education, speech therapy and occupational therapy. The study highlights the significance & suggested effectiveness of this comprehensive, play-based model for Social Communication and language development in children diagnosed with neurodevelopment disorders, mainly autism.

5

Authors: G. Ragesh1, C. Sabitha2, Dr. A. Anithakumari3, Dr. Ameer Hamza4

A cross sectional study was conducted among 120 adolescent girls from rural area (of Calicut, Kerala), India. Findings showed lesser level of stress but adopted maladaptive coping strategies. Importance of mental health programme in schools and colleges targeting adolescent girls was discussed.

6

Authors: Chaudhary A. K.1, Jain N2

The purpose of the present research work is to compare role efficacy of middle and lower management employees of universities of Rajasthan. Respondents were directly contacted for filling up the standard questionnaire of Role Efficacy Scale, developed by Dr. Udai Pareek. The ten dimensions of role efficacy namely (Centrality, Self-role integration, Proactivity, Creativity, Inter-role linkage, Helping relationship, Super ordination, Influence, Personal growth and Coordination ) were analysed through t-test. The results conclude that there is significant difference on dimension such as self role integration, proactivity, creativity, inter role linkage, helping relationship, personal growth and coordination of role efficacy of top and lower management. The significance of the study is based on the challenges facing higher education and to improve their academic standard through role efficacy of top and lower level management.

7

Authors: Mohammad Kianbakht1, Sedighe Naghel2, Hossienkohandel3, Vida Namdari4

Objectives: The main goal of the study was to investigating the relation between perceived social supports with severity of chronic pain in fire fighters of Tehran city. Method: this was a descriptive and correlational study. Accordingly, 400 fire fighters were selected through cluster random sampling. All subjects filled chronic pain questionnaire and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). Data was analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. Results: results showed that there is significant and negative relationship (p<0/0001) between severity of chronic pain with perceived social support and its' aspects (supports from family, friends and important persons). Conclusion: findings of this study again demonstrated the important role of socio-psychological factors in predicting severity of chronic pain.

8

Authors: Sophia Ali1, Dr. Anuradha2

The current research topic “Dance movement therapy, as a treatment modality of autistic children in social interaction” includes five autistic children majorly having significant language delays with echolalia and video dialoguing restricted social communication and limited engagement in socially reciprocal activities, repetitive play patterns, resistance to change and difficulty in emotional responsiveness. The main aim of the study is to assess the effect of Dance Movement Therapy in social interaction of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The methodology used is Pre and Post design, in Pre-Intervention Phase, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was administered; then as an intervention dance therapy was given and in Post Intervention Phase, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was re- administered. The main focus of the study is considering social interaction deficits by providing the intervention of Dance Movement Therapy.

9

Authors: Susmita Halder1, Akash Kumar Mahato2, Masroor Jahan3

Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder characterized by a disruption in affective, cognitive and social domains, which results in compromised ability to adapt to a changing environment and to function adequately in the community. Schizophrenia is often accompanied by gross and progressive impairment in different functional areas of a person. They are mostly seen in the form of – cognitive impairment (executive functions, information processing, attention, learning and memory), psychomotor activity, speech, thought process, perception, and abstraction. These deficits are evident in nearly all individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, and their impact on the employment, social relationships and living status of patients is devastating. However, there could be differences among cognitive profiles of different schizophrenia subtypes. Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) is a widely used standardized neuropsychological tool for cognitive assessment. In the present study, 30 male paranoid schizophrenia patients were assessed on the LNNB- Form I to see the profile of cognitive functioning on this tool.

12

Authors: Tina Fernandes1, Nandini Sanyal2, Amtul Fatima3

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between helping attitude and psychological well-being, and to determine if there are significant differences in helping attitude and psychological well-being between older widowed women living with their families and those living in old age homes. This study focused on the six dimensions of psychological well-being proposed by Ryff (1989b).A purposive sampling method was employed to select older widowed women aged between 65 - 74 years (20 living with families and 20 in old age homes). The Helping Attitude Scale (Nickell,1998) and the Psychological Well-being Scales (Ryff, 1989) were administered to the participants to measure the two variables. The obtained data were statistically treated using Product Moment Correlation and t-test. The study found that there is a significant correlation between helping attitude and purpose in life in older widowed women living with their families. It was also found that older widowed women living with their families scored significantly higher than older widowed women living in old age homes in two dimensions of the psychological well-being scales: environmental mastery and self-acceptance. Such an understanding may be helpful in designing intervention programmes to foster and maintain well-being in older widowed women.

13

Authors: Nayanika Singh1, Prathma Sharma2, Mahasweta Bose3

Cultural Intelligence refers to an individual’s ability to successfully adapt oneself to culturally diverse environments’, the capacity to act and behave appropriately, according to one’s cultural environment. It refers to an individual’s capability to function effectively across cultures. To have high levels of cultural intelligence may be based on various aspects of intelligence like social and emotional intelligence (Earley and Ang, 2003).The idea of cultural intelligence has emerged in the last few years, owing to the process of globalization which has turned the world into a global village. There are mainly four factors affecting cultural intelligence: Motivational which refers to an individual’s drive and interest to adapt one to a cross-cultural environment; Cognitive which id the knowledge dimension of CQ; Metacognitive which includes awareness, planning and checking and Behavioral component which refers to the verbal, non verbal speech acts. The term quality of life (QOL) references the general well-being of individuals and societies. The term is used in a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, and politics. This study attempts to study the effect of gender and culture on both the cultural intelligence and the quality of life of adults. The sample consisted of 120 adults aged between 18-40 years, with 60 males and 60 females belonging to Himachali and Punjabi cultures. The Cultural Intelligence scale developed by Soon et al (2007) was used to measure the cultural intelligence of the adults. This scale measures the 4 components of CQmotivational, cognitive, meta-cognitive and behavioral. Quality of life was measured by using the Quality Of Life Scale (Burakhardt, Carol S., 1993). This questionnaire is a self - report inventory that consists of 16 items, pertaining to the various aspects of quality of life i.e. emotional, cognitive and behavioral. The hypothesis stated that males of both the cultures (Himachali and Punjabi) will have a higher cultural intelligence than females of both the cultures, there will be no significant differences in the quality of life of males and females. Punjabi adults will have a better quality of life and higher cultural intelligence than Himachali adults. Findings of the study indicated a) that male adults were found to be higher than their female counter parts on cultural intelligence, b) no significant differences were found between male and female adults on QOL, c) Punjabis were found to higher on both cultural intelligence and QOL than their Himachali counter parts; significantly proving the stated hypotheses. This is one of the first of its kind study conducted in the Indian set-up and further research is needed to substantiate the same.

16

Authors: Rohan Pillai1

The present study was undertaken to examine the differences in sense of humor, feeling of alienation and existential regret between elderly persons who lived at home and those who live in old age homes, and between those elderly who had faced spousal bereavement and those who had not. Data was collected from 120 elderly persons aged 60 and above. 30 elderly from old age home, 30 elderly living at their residence, 30 elderly who have faced spousal bereavement and 30 elderly who have not faced spousal bereavement. The Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, The Dean's Alienation Scale and The Multidimensional Existential Regret Inventory were used to measure sense of humor, feeling of alienation and existential regret respectively. Six t tests were used. After statistical analysis no significant differences were found in the sense of humor, feeling of alienation and existential regret between elderly living at home and those living in old age homes or between elderly who had faced spousal bereavement and those elderly who had not.

19

Authors: Ajaz Ahmad1

This study was conducted to discover the relationship between spiritual personality and emotional empathy among medical and unani students. The target population consisted of students from faculty of medicine of JNMC (Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, UP) and faculty of unani of AKTC (Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Aligarh, UP). The sample comprised of 100 participants (50 female and 50 male) whose age range was from 24 to 27 years. Out of 100 participants, 50 students were from MBBS course and the remaining 50 students were from BUMS course. The participants were selected by simple random sampling method. Data were obtained through Spiritual Personality Inventory (SPI) developed by Husain, Luqman and Jahan (2012) and Emotional Empathy Scale (EES) developed by Mehrabian and Epstein (l972). The data were analyzed by means of Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. SPSS 16.0 version was used to analyze the data. The obtained results indicated that in the MBBS male and female students, and BUMS male students only, spiritual personality is related to emotional empathy. The findings suggested that students of helping profession with spiritual personality express more empathic attitude toward others which is essential for speedy recovery of the patients.

2

Authors: Dr. Manish Sharma1

In coming to the date of Kalidasa, we approach an extremely vexed point of Sa scholarship. In spite of years of patient research and close criticism, the point has not yet been finally settled. But the balance of the views put forward seems to point to the 6th century as the probable date of India's greatest poet. conclusion, let us take a rapid glance at the other theories, at any rate, at the more important of them.

2

Authors: Ripalkumar A. Patel 1

Bardoli means work-place of ReMahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhhbhai Patel. Gandhiji had selected Bardoli for non cooperation movement to face British Government. Re. Gandhiji told to nation: "We have to face English Government by non-violence. We will have to suffer, whatever happens in doing so, with willingness. If people of nation will follow non-violence, then freedom would be accessed within a year." Hearting these words, people of whole nation awakened and promised to Gandhiji for full support and cooperation. Movement of non-cooperation started in 1920 in the whole nation. But, Commotion happened in chauri-chaura in Bihar, during those days. English Government ordered to 'quick fire' to prevent the procession. People were died on both sides. So promise non-violence was violated. Gandhiji told: "Non-violence first, and then, self -Government. Still people of India did not understand meaning of non-violence." He postponed non-cooperation movement in 1922. He was arrested and sentenced to jail for six year for three articles published in 'to Young India' considering those articles were responsible for instigation to people for commotion and violence. He, while going to jail, assigned Maganlal Gandhi to complete vow taken by people of Bardoli regarding clothes. So he came Bardoli from Sabarmati S.G. Institution and started S.G. Institution at Bardoli Programme (aim) of this institution to disseminate process of making pani from cotton, Kantan, weaving and under making of Khadi.

5

Authors: Dr. Shashi Kala Singh1, Mrs. Pushpa Singh2

The aim of the present study was to examine the gender and religion difference in secularism. Participants were 100 school students belong to Ranchi town (50 boys& 50 girls) of age range 13 to 16 years. All of these belong to middle socio-economic status. Respondents were given secularism scale. Data was analyzed by using means, standard deviations and “t”. The mean of male student was 31.53and female student was 29.97. The difference between the means was insignificant. Boys and girls showed similar level of secularism.Christian group showed significantly higher level of secularism than Muslim group.

7

Authors: Parul Sharma1

The positive affect means the different level of moods of an individual on subjective basis such as joy, interest and being alert. It refers to the condition where the individual have positive emotions and feelings involving physiological arousal, thinking process and behaviour. Positive affect also involving the interaction of an individual with the environment and its surroundings. The people shows the characteristics of being full of energy, active, are generally high on positive affect and characteristics like sad, lethargic, stress are examples of the negative affect. Empathy refers to the different kind of experiences. The researchers have defined empathy as ability of a person to feel other’s emotions including the feeling and thinking. Therefore it includes an experience that involves understanding others conditions or emotions from their perspective. Empathy increases the prosocial behaviour. The prosocial behaviour means actions which are positive in nature but does benefit others and it includes the moral values, sense of responsibility and does not have any personal gains from such behaviour. It is a kind of voluntary actions that benefits not only the individual itself but also the society as a whole. The aim of the current investigation was to study the impact of positive and negative affect on empathy and prosocial behaviour. For this study, Positive and negative affect scale (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988), Empathy scale (Levine et al., 2009), and Prosocial Tendencies Measure scale (Randall et al., 2003) were administered to the sample of 100 students in the age range of 18-21 years. The sample was taken from different colleges of Chandigarh. An inter-correlation matrix was calculated to see the relationship. The results have shown significant and positive relationship between positive affect, empathy and prosocial behavior. The correlation between positive and empathy is (r = 0.33) and positive affect and prosocial behavior is (r = 0.30). The significant and negative relationship is found between negative affect, empathy and prosocial behavior. The correlation between negative affect and empathy is(r = -0.29) and negative affect and prosocial behavior is (r = -0.27). The result is found to be significant at 0.01 levels.

8

Authors: Falak Nesheen1, Dr. Shah Alam2

Adolescence is a period of transition during which an individual experiences not only profound physical, physiological, cognitive and emotional changes but also experience many emotional abuse. The transition from childhood to adolescence may be challenging time for majority of young people. Emotional Abuse as recently stated in a maltreatment prevention guide proves to be detrimental for child‟s physical, social, mental and spiritual development. Emotional abuse has been variously characterized as “the use of verbal and non-verbal acts which symbolically hurt the other or the use of threats to hurt the other”. The basic aim of this paper is to explore the kinds of emotional abuse and then suggest various strategies to overcome such aspects of life. The paper reports a series of factors responsible for the torment among the emotionally abused adolescents or the excruciation they go through. This paper also highlights the role played by parents, teachers and peers in emotional abuse such as shame and humiliation, rejection and ignoring, terrorizing, isolating and corrupting etc. Studies during the last decades have consistently documented impaired cognitive abilities and poor academic achievement along with aggression, irritability, hyper vigilance, suicidal tendencies, paranoia and substance uses behavior among emotionally abused adolescents. If Emotional abuse remains a routine task in the life of an adolescent, it may have long term consequences at every walk of his/her life.

9

Authors: Dr. Mrunal Bhardwaj1, Miss. Sode Jaimala Ashok2

The aim of this study is to analyse mobile phone addiction & loneliness among. Survey research is used for this study. To collect data; personal information form, mobile phone addiction scale, and -loneliness scale were applied for 40 students who are from different colleges in Mumbai city. To analyze these data; correlation, t test were calculated. Results revealed that mobile phone addiction was significantly associated with loneliness (r=.456) Furthermore, no significant gender differences were found in terms of loneliness and mobile phone addiction.

9

Authors: Ankur Mahida1

Many studies have provided evidences that religion and spirituality are positively associated with indicators of mental health. The present research paper is going define the role of spiritual psychology for Holistic living. Holistic living offers a way to balance our life in all areas health, relationships, spirituality, and finances -- to achieve a happier, healthier, and more fulfilling lifestyle. Spirituality includes our perception of us, an adherence to values, of being ethical, and being connected with others, while maintaining a belief system that typically includes some religious dimension. Many spiritual activities like prayer, meditation, reading holy books, charity, yoga, worship and attending spiritual speeches and seminars helps us to balance our emotions, develop healthier thinking patterns and spirituality helps one to discover the trurh, exploring existential questions, doubts and confusion. By doing these activities every day we can have a better life styles and values towards our life. In this global world, spiritual psychology can play very important role for holistic living and there are many practitioner who wished to apply religion and spirituality as a part of treatment.

10

Authors: Gunde R. V.1, Parit A. S.2

The present study has been undertaken to know the effect of gender and faculty on emotional maturity of the college students. The sample consisted of 180 college students (60 from Arts, 60 from commerce and 60 from science faculty). Half of the subjects were male and half of them were female studding in first year degree course. The Ss were selected from the colleges situated in Gadhinglaj Tehsil form Kolhapur district. The data was analyzed by using t- test and one way ANOVA. Schefe’s post hoc test is used to find out the significance for inter group differences. The results reveal that the male and female college students differ in their emotional maturity. The faculty of college students also affect significantly on their emotional maturity.

11

Authors: Veena Chakravarthy1, Dr. V. Chandramohan2

Personality refers to distinctive patterns of behaviour that characterizes each individual‟s adaptation to the situations in life. Personality is defined as an enduring pattern of psychological and behavioural characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with each other. Academic success depends on the best use of personality dimensions. Students encounter many hurdles in achieving academic success. Many of these hurdles are within their personality traits. Academic success depends on the best use of personality dimensions. What qualities make students more successful in their life as well as their workplace is a fascinating question? The aim of the present study is to assess the personality traits of the school students and draw a typical personality profile of high school students. Three hundred healthy and well motivated school students, 150 boys and 150 girls, studying Higher Secondary Course at Saru Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Satyamangalam, Erode District, constitute as a sample for the present study. School students are administered with 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), for the purpose of finding out basic personality traits. A typical personality profile of school student. is drawn. Gender differences, between Boys and Girls, on personality traits are highlighted. Implications of the findings are discussed.

14

Authors: Aastha Dhingra1

compared to those around us. The types of actions users take and the kinds of information they are adding to their Facebook walls and profiles are a reflection of their identities. You are your Facebook, basically, and despite all its socialness, Facebook is a deeply personal medium. The time spent earlier during a car ride to a daydream, or building fantasies during lunchtime at work, or those small breaks one took to gaze outside the window are now all time to connect with technology, reply to a text, log on to websites and check email or notifications. I feel robbed on my aloneness, to be rather a buzz of constant communication, that hinders my every moment, and there is always someone to reply to. I finalized this topic because I wanted to explore the need of projection of an online identity of one‟s self and if it is the performance and the constant simulation that keeps us stimulated and addicted or is it the reflection of the real onto our screens, because some of us project and consume, idealized images through Facebook, and researchers have been trying to figure out how all this flawlessness affects us in the real world.

17

Authors: Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani1, Firdos Jehan2, Rumana Sanam3

Pain is among the most common somatic complaints. Fortunately, in only a minority of people is pain long lasting and severe, such that it interferes with daily life activities. Those with chronic, disabling pain present to healthcare providers repeatedly. Often they experience anxiety and depression, irritation, frustration and helplessness, and they suffer from insomnia and excessive medication use. It results from complex interplay of biological, psychological & sociocultural factors. There are gamut of medical and psychosocial factors which cause pain. Pain is basically a sensory, emotional and subjective experience. High psychological arousal and cognitive set are significant factors which maintain or exacerbate the pain. In this paper, psychological strategies of pain management are being discussed. The major focus being cognitive behavioral interventions. The paper focuses on psychological factors related to pain and the role of professional psychologists in dealing with cases of chronic or other pain related disorders. The paper highlights the importance of incorporating biopsychosocial model in pain management for speedy recovery and better quality of life of pain patient.

8

Authors: Vincent Parnabas1

Anxiety is recognized as one of the main factors that reduces athletes’ performance in sports. In many research reviews, researchers have found that high levels of anxiety have the tendency to deteriorate athletes’ performance. However, to date there has been very limited research examining competitive anxiety on gender. The main aim of the study was to compare the level of competitive anxiety and sport performance differences among gender. Data was collected from 98 hand ball player during a sport event, using a 27 item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and 42-item of The Psychological Performance Inventory. The results showed that male athletes obtained the lowest score on competitive state anxiety, t(32.8764), p<.0.01. Furthermore, female athletes exhibited the lowest level of sport performance, t(31.7783), p<.0.01. Based on the current results, it is recommended that sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches in Malaysia use the findings to design appropriate training programs to help athletes acquire suitable coping strategies, to reduce their competitive state anxiety levels and enhance their performance.

8

Authors: Vincent Parnabas1

Anxiety is recognized as one of the main factors that reduces athletes’ performance in sports. In many research reviews, researchers have found that high levels of anxiety have the tendency to deteriorate athletes’ performance. However, to date there has been very limited research examining competitive anxiety on gender. The main aim of the study was to compare the level of competitive anxiety and sport performance differences among gender. Data was collected from 67 hockey players during a sport event, using a 27 item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and 42-item of The Psychological Performance Inventory. The results showed that male athletes obtained the lowest score on competitive state anxiety, t(28.767), p<.0.01. Furthermore, female athletes exhibited the lowest level of sport performance, t(20.839), p<.0.01. Based on the current results, it is recommended that sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches in Malaysia use the findings to design appropriate training programs to help athletes acquire suitable coping strategies, to reduce their competitive state anxiety levels and enhance their performance.

8

Authors: Vincent Parnabas1

Anxiety is recognized as one of the main factors that reduces athletes’ performance in sports. In many research reviews, researchers have found that high levels of anxiety have the tendency to deteriorate athletes’ performance. However, to date there has been very limited research examining competitive anxiety on gender. The main aim of the study was to compare the level of competitive anxiety and sport performance differences among gender. Data was collected from 69 swimmers during a sport event, using a 27 item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and 42-item of The Psychological Performance Inventory. The results showed that male athletes obtained the lowest score on competitive state anxiety, t(20.355), p<.0.01. Furthermore, female athletes exhibited the lowest level of sport performance, t(23.299), p<.0.01. Based on the current results, it is recommended that sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches in Malaysia use the findings to design appropriate training programs to help athletes acquire suitable coping strategies, to reduce their competitive state anxiety levels and enhance their performance.

8

Authors: Vincent Parnabas1

Anxiety is recognized as one of the main factors that reduces athletes’ performance in sports. In many research reviews, researchers have found that high levels of anxiety have the tendency to deteriorate athletes’ performance. However, to date there has been very limited research examining competitive anxiety on gender. The main aim of the study was to compare the level of competitive anxiety and sport performance differences among gender. Data was collected from 77 Rowing players during a sport event, using a 27 item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and 42-item of The Psychological Performance Inventory. The results showed that male athletes obtained the lowest score on competitive state anxiety, t(32.1169), p<.0.01. Furthermore, female athletes exhibited the lowest level of sport performance, t(32.949), p<.0.01. Based on the current results, it is recommended that sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches in Malaysia use the findings to design appropriate training programs to help athletes acquire suitable coping strategies, to reduce their competitive state anxiety levels and enhance their performance.