Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal

20-42

Authors: Urkhanova L.A., Savelyeva M.A.

One of the most rapidly developing directions in science of structural materials is the application of nanotechnology for development of new generation concrete. To date, nanodispersed additives were widely used in technology of concrete, because they allow increasing its main physicalmechanical properties. The use of effective additives contained nanoparticles in its composition allows to optimize structure of concrete, and also to reduce a consumption of the most expensive component – cement. The need to make new available and rather inexpensive modifiers of cement and concrete products is due to the resource intensive, difficulty of its receiving, therefore, high cost and, respectively, a market price.

65-82

Authors: Ivanov L.A., Muminova S.R.

The new technical solutions including inventions in the area of nanotechnology and nanomaterials are efficiently applied in communal and housing services as well as in construction and other joint fields. The invention «The method to produce hardening mortar (RU 2601885)» refers to construction and can be used to stabilize the base of constructed or restored buildings and structures by means of injections. The technical result is the increased flowability of hardening mortar and, consequently, volume of the space filled with the mortar through ground gaps. The method to produce hardening mortar includes the following operations: mixing of Portland cement and water, introduction of nanoadditive and mortar treatment. The mix of nanodispersed silica dioxide particles of different specific surface is used as nanoadditive.

102-119

Authors: Pavlenko V.I., Cherkashina N.I., Yastrebinsky R.N.

The article presents data on the modification of titanium hydride bead by creating titanium nanoshell on its surface by ion-plasma vacuum magnetron sputtering. To apply titanium nanoshell on the titanium hydride bead vacuum coating plant of multifunctional nanocomposite coatings QVADRA 500 located in the center of high technology was used. Analysis of the micrographs of the original surface of titanium hydride bead showed that the microstructure of the surface is flat, smooth, in addition the analysis of the microstructure of material surface showed the presence of small porosity, roughness, mainly cavities, as well as shallow longitudinal cracks. The presence of oxide film in titanium hydride prevents the free release of hydrogen and fills some micro-cracks on the surface.

16-41

Authors: Urkhanova L.A., Lkhasaranov S.A., Buyantuev S.L., Kuznetsova A.Yu.

The article presents the results of studies on the modification of the cement stone and concrete with carbon nanomaterials, which were obtained as a by-product in the plasma gasification of coal. Under the action of plasma arc from the electrode material and coal supplied for the gasification, carbon nanomaterials – fullerene-containing soot are formed simultaneously in one apparatus. This method of production of carbon nanomaterials is a perspective due to a smaller effect on the increase in the cost of the final composite. These carbon nanomaterials have both compact and ultradisperse fibrous structure, which indicates the presence of such basic forms of nanoparticles as «onion carbon structures» (multiwall, hyperfullerens)and «filamentous carbon structures» (nanotubes, nanofibers).

64-80

Authors: Figovsky O. L., Shamelkhanova N.A., Aidarova S.B.

The performance of innovative training system aimed at highly intellectual specialists in the area of nanotechnologies for Kazakhstan’s economy demands establishment and development of nanotechnological market in the country, teaching of innovative engineering combined with consistent research, integration of trained specialists with latest technologies and sciences at the international level. Methodological aspects of training competitive specialists for nanotechnological ield are specific. The paper presents methodological principles of innovative training of specialists for science-intensive industry that were realized according to grant given by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

100-115

Authors: Shapovalov N.A., Poluektova V.A.

The focused influence on the rheological characteristics of highly-concentrated mineral suspensions used in the building industry is possible due to the directed synthesis of nano-sized macromolecules that have the certain structure and high adsorbing capacity on the surface of mineral particles and that are able to modify the boundary layer composition. The adsorbing capacity of organic compounds depends mostly on the hydrocarbon chain length and the molecular weight of the compound.

137-156

Authors: Ivanov L.A., Muminova S.R.

The new technical solutions including inventions in the area of nanotechnology and nanomaterials are efficiently applied in communal and housing services as well as in construction and other joint fields. The invention «The method to produce binder based on phenolformaldehyde resol resin for stratified material, binder and stratified material based on binder and reinforcing fiber base (RU 2594014)» refers to polymer composite materials that can be used in manufacture of products designed for aircraft,construction, automobile and household industries. This method is based on component mixing. Resin and fospoliol are taken in dissolvent that is a mix of ethyl alcohol and dimethylformamide. This is the ratio of the components (mass.%): resin – 23,7, dissolvent – 75,3, fospoliol – 1,0. Nanomodifier – mechanically activated diamond - is dispersed into the obtained mixture.

21-37

Authors: Pavlenko V.I., Yastrebinsky R.N., Sokolenko I.V.

Strengthening of manifestation of quantum-dimensional effect in nanoparticles will make considerable impact on absorption of photon radiation. Therefore, application of ultradisperse systems will promote high-quality strengthening of radiation protective properties of material and will allow creation of more compact material with improved protective characteristics. The unique combination of properties of chrysotile allows creation of the materials on its basis which possess high mechanical and thermal strength, radiation resistance. The presence of the combined water in its structure favours appearance of radiation protective properties by neutron radiation in such materials.

73-88

Authors: Kharkhardin A.N., Sivalneva M.N., Strokova V.V.

Fiber reinforcement is the process of introduction of fibers of different origins into binding system to enhance strength, stress-strain behavior of products and structures. Maximal effect of reinforcing process is possible when optimal parameters (length and consumption of fibre) are determined. Moreover one need to consider particle-size composition and hardening process of binding system. In this paper the critical length of natural and sinthesized fibres as well as minimally required content in cellular systems is calculated with the mathematical apparatus of structural topology. As an example the foam concrete based on cement-free nanostructured binder with basalt fibre and microreinforcing constructional polymeric fibre is studied.

113-130

Authors: Pavlenko V.I., Yastrebinsky R.N., Pavlenko Z.V., Yastrebinskaya A.V., Cherkashina

Synthesis of the highly dispersed hydrophobic metaloligomers that are compatible with polymers in order to obtain high performance homogeneous radiation protective polymer composites with the given properties is still of importance. The most perspective way is to use reactive organosiloxanes and to produce metal oligomers based on them. The method of synthesis of nanodispersed oligomer of lead polyalkylsiliconates by a chemical deposition of water solutions of lead ions according to zol-gel process that runs with participation of sodium alkylsiliconates has been developed. Interaction reaction between sodium ethylsiliconate and lead ions in aqueous solution proceeds as the mechanism of replacement of sodium ions in silanol group Si–ONa of sodium alkylsiliconate with lead ion.

16-49

Authors: Kudryavtsev P.G., Figovsky O.L.

The paper addresses the issues of alkoxide method of sol-gel synthesis and non-hydrolytic method of sol-gel synthesis and colloidal method of sol-gel synthesis. The authors also consider an alternative approach based on the use of soluble silicates as precursors in the sol-gel technology, of nanocomposites. It was shown hat nanocomposites can be produced through aerogels. The paper also analyzes the mixing technologies of nanocomposites preparation. It has been demonstrated the possibility to change the types of nano-phase which is used for obtaining nanocomposites in different approaches. Various models of packaging spherical, fibrous and layered nanoparticles, introduced into the structure of the nanocomposite, in the preparation thereof were examined.

74-91

Authors: Ivanov L.A., Muminova S.R.

The new technical solutions including inventions in the area of nanotechnology and nanomaterials are efficiently applied in communal and housing services as well as in construction and other joint fields. The invention «The diagnostics method for defects on the metal surfaces (RU 2581441)» refers to the methods used to detect defects and cracks on the surface of metal equipment and pipe lines. The suspension of metal nanoparticles is consistently applied on the surface of controlled object following direction from the bigger diameter to the smaller one. The nanoparticles possess the photoluminescence property and their shape is spheric with different diameters. After each application the surface is dried and excessive particles are removed. Then rowwise scanning of object surface is executed with the ray of femtosecond laser and at the same time the intensity of the two-photon luminescence signal is registered in every studied area fixing the location of this area and obtaining the map of glow intensity distribution of nanoparticles exited by the laser radiation.

20-44

Authors: Kudryavtsev P.G., Figovsky O.L.

The paper addresses the issues of alkoxide method of sol-gel synthesis and non-hydrolytic method of sol-gel synthesis and colloidal method of sol-gel synthesis. The authors also consider an alternative approach based on the use of soluble silicates as precursors in the sol-gel technology, of nanocomposites. It was shown that nanocomposites can be produced through aerogels. The paper also analyzes the mixing technologies of nanocomposites preparation. It has been demonstrated the possibility to change the types of nano-phase which is used for obtaining nanocomposites in different approaches. Various models of packaging spherical, fibrous and layered nanoparticles, introduced into the structure of the nanocomposite, in the preparation thereof were examined.

82-103

Authors: Karpov A.I.

To popularize scientific achievements the main results of Russian and foreign scientists’ research are published in the form of abstract. The authors of the research «Fine-grained basalt fiber concrete with nanosilica» showed that joint introduction of silica and basalt fiber additives into fiber concrete enhances freeze resistance of the concrete from F150 to F200-250. The increase of freeze resistance in addition to damping effect is due to considerable decrease of destructive impact of osmotic pressure of hardening concrete. As a result the number of microcracks and interconnected pores in concrete is minimal. The change of fiber concrete microstrcuture when joint introduction of nanosilica and basalt fiber additives is performed results in water absorption decrease in concrete.