Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

6-13

Authors: Adewumi A.A., Edward J.B., Agunbiade R.O., Oyeniran B.H.

Previous review shows that today’s human activities is an empirical evidence of human ruining what nature has bestowed by nature to its care for sustainability. In 2001, the Nigerian National Parks generated about three million dollar through ecotourism and entertainment while birds positively affect human lives in many ways than are known to many people, for example, twenty one of the bird species found in Nigeria are facing serious threat of extinction or loss of habitat. The present day Nigeria conservation laws broadly cut across many aspects of wildlife and game management conservation; such as forestry, national parks, wild animal and endangered species preservation, fisheries laws, agricultural seeds, crop varieties and livestock breads, agricultural laws, water Resources laws etc. The Regulatory agencies such as Federal Environmental Protection Commission, the Environmental Impact Assessment Commission, the Urban and Regional Planning Agency and many State Environmental Protection Agencies have been established to strengthen wildlife management policy.

22-29

Authors: Rustam J. Baratov, Abdurakhim S. Berdishev

Currently, one of urgent problem is provide drinking water to the population living in remote rural areas in the world. As a rule, the sources of water available there are heavily polluted with pathogenic bacteria, and they must be decontaminated before consumption. Due to the remoteness of settlements, traditional for urban conditions methods to accomplish this task for economic reasons is impossible. The problem is the lack of a developed infrastructure (electricity, communication) because of the economic situation and the remote location of these settlements. In view of this, the scale of infectious diseases of people from poor-quality water in rural areas of the world is quite high. In this regard, the development of compact and efficient devices for water purification, the cost of which should be accessible to the rural population, is especially topical.

34-38

Authors: Willie ES, Waya A

A pot experiment was conducted in the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria, to determine the effect of seed orientation at sowing on seedling emergence and early seedling performance in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.). The trial was carried out on a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments replicated five times. The four treatments were made up of four seed sowing orientations, namely, Treatment 1 (T1) – sowing with the micropyle pointing down, Treatment 2 (T2) - sowing with the micropyle pointing up, Treatment 3 (T3) - seeds sowed flat, and Treatment 4 (T4) - seeds sowed sideways. The treatments were evaluated in respect of seven agronomic characteristics, namely, days to first emergence, days to 75% emergence, percentage emergence, establishment count, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and number of branches per plant. There were no significant differences among seedlings raised from seeds sown following the four seed sowing orientations in respect of all the seven characteristics studied. The observation that the four different seed sowing orientations did not differ from each other in their effects on seedling emergence and early seedling performance in the crop plant was due to the gravitropic response of the hypocotyls and epicotyls of the germinating seeds. It was concluded that seed orientation at sowing does not affect seedling emergence and early seedling performance with respect to days to first emergence, days to 75% emergence, percentage emergence, establishment count, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and number of branches per plant, in fluted pumpkin. This means that as far as seedling emergence and these early seven seedling parameters are concerned, fluted pumpkin farmers need not be concerned as to seed sowing orientation. This would translate into a reduction in the time spent during sowing, thereby saving money on man hours, as there would be no need to spend time trying to identify the parts of a given seed before planting, in order to sow it in any particular orientation

45-52

Authors: Franklin. S. Enebuse, Dein H. Davies, Onengiyeofori A. Davies

The Source Sampling of Particulate Matter (PM) of heavy metal distribution in dolerite mining site, Uturu, Abia State, was investigated using a High-Volume Sampler method. The Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentrations was reported to be 2542.6, 2507.1, 2213.4, 2153.3, 3306.8, and 20.5 μg/m3 which was mostly higher than the limits of 200 and 50 μg/m3 set by NESREA [10] and WHO [17] respectively in most locations around the quarry site, there were regions where the values were considerably lower than these standard limits. Specifically, results obtained in the areas such as Behind Crushing Zone, Office 1, Generator House, Office 2 and Crushing Zone were markedly above the control (26.8µg/m3).

69-74

Authors: Hasan Keleş

In this study, the symmetrical state is of simple function given according a simple function the axis of reflection. Some kind of reflections are explored. The special conditions under which the reflecting function is one-to-one are studied. If the reflecting function is one-to-one, it is determined how the results will emerge. We know simple functions as; where Are explained by using graphical examples of their reflections The case in which the domain of given simple function is reflecting according to the axis reflection is discussed in detail. If is the reflecting function and is the axis of reflection, the n the reflected function is given as follows.

83-88

Authors: Mehmet Taciddin Akçay, Ilhan Kocaarslan, Emrah Bal

In this study, calculation of the minimum train voltage for a 1500 V DC-fed rail system by means of the adaptive n euro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The catanery voltage occurring on the train was calculated with regard to the operating parameters by means of the ANN and ANFIS. The train voltage on the line important for the operation performance The ANN and ANFIS simulations were made. The minimum train voltage needs to be provided in the limits of the EN 50122. This value must be kept within certain limits for the continuity of the railway operation.

95-102

Authors: Daniel E. Oku, Obong E. Eyo

This paper focuses on the modelling and simulation of the dynamic response of a single joint system, consisting of a DC motor as the actuator and a coupled body that forms a single joint system with a DC motor acting as the actuator to cause rotation of the arm. A Proportional Derivative controller is designed and implemented on the system using pole- placement technique. The results are analysed both in the time and frequency domain. In the time domain, a set-point of 1rad was tracked at the output with a time constant of 0.18s and peak overshoot of 7%, while an infinite gain margin was realised and a phase margin of 101.9850owere both gotten from Bode and Nyquist plots respectively, The performance of the system was greatly improved by the implementation of the Proportional Derivative controller when compared to the open loop system whose step response was unstable with a gain margin of 0.1700 and a phase margin of 65.9822orespectively.

111-116

Authors: Mohamed Taiebine, Claudia Labriny

Internationally, universities routinely send students from arrange of disciplines a broad as part of their professional experience in intercultural context [1]. As this practice has evolved in recent years, the Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) graduate programs inside the Laureate network have learned much by shifting this perspective too n line classes. We believe such intercultural communication is an essential element that prepares students to work fluently across different cultural on text sand consequently become more likely to succeed in demanding contemporary work places. We also discuss in detail, on the one hand, that student learningandcompetencydevelopmentininterculturalonlinetrainingcansignificantly impact on perception so self and on professional identity in a positive and life-changing way. On the other hand, the development of such intercultural health programs will not only give students relevant information regarding culture, language, social and ethnicity but also include opportunities for group-based discussions regarding personal and professional goals.

123-131

Authors: Amir Dehghanghadikolaei, Navid Namdari, Behrouz Mohammadian, Behzad Fotovvati

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are a types of methods that fabricate parts by adding elements and segments of a designed feedstock material. These materials can range from polymeric and plastic to metallic and ceramic. Based on different needs, a specific method can be implemented. Different methods utilize different deposition techniques. Some of them melt the materials and some change the materials into semisolid form. Different heating sources such as laser and resistance heaters van be used to change material states. The most common processes are Stereolithography (SLA), Liquid thermal polymerization (LTP), Fused deposition modeling (FDM), Ballistic particle manufacturing (BPM), Selective laser melting (SLM), Laser engineered net shaping (LENS) and Binder jet printing (BJP).

139-144

Authors: Sung Bin Han

Regulations on exhaust gas are getting bigger and bigger. Especially, exhaust gas problems of automobile engines using fossil fuels are inevitable. A study on exhaust gas reduction related to smoke emission, which is one of the most important problems in diesel engines, was conducted. Unlike gasoline engines, diesel engines cannot mix with alcohol fuels. In this study, the cause of smoke emission in diesel engines is identified. Fumigation method is adopted to double fuel supply instead of conventional blending method. In this study, diesel fuel is supplied to existing diesel engine and methanol fuel is supplied by fumigation method. The methanol feed rate was varied stepwise. Experimental parameters are the air-fuel ratio and the engine speed, and the optimum ratio to reduce the smoke emission according to experimental variables is found through experiments. The optimal experimental results were obtained by using CVMP (Cyclic Variation of Maximum Pressure) as a method to support this.

152-157

Authors: Gilbert A. Ibitola, W. A. Azeez

Concatenation can be used to obtain block-coded modulation [BCM] schemes of various long block lengths using short block codes. Both the inner and the outer codes correspond to a BCM scheme. The inner block code is considered to be a virtual expanded channel signal constellation by the outer block code. The scheme considers systematic concatenation of general (non-linear) block codes of a fixed block length 3. Codes obtained are of length3^q, where q is the number of stages each of block length 3. Encoding and soft decoding schemes for these codes are discussed in this paper.

165-170

Authors: Abdullah C. Özdemir

Lotus effect studies have been increased day by day with developing technology and Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulation is the priory example of them. The wettability of the silicon surfaces studies come from the results of the MD and lotus effect. Contact angle and density are the effect of the wettability of silicon surfaces because the other parameters were taken a constant for all cases which are Si (001) - Si (110) and Si (111). From Lorentz- Berthelot mixing rule, the interaction strength between silicon and oxygen were 0,125. Macroscopic contact angle calculated with MD simulations (LAMMPS and VMD), then density calculated from the area where water molecules touch the silicon surfaces. Finally, increased in the contact angle decreases planar density with low wetting area

177-182

Authors: Xu-Dong Zhu, Zhong-Liang Lu, Hong-Li Wang

The coal plays a dominant role in the primary energy consumption in China gas is the associated production in the process of coal mining which is one of the main disasters to threaten the safety of coal mining the gas prevention difficulty increases constantly with the changes of the coal mining conditions and the coal mining process This paper introduces the gas prevention technology in recent years from the aspects of the gas prediction technology gas extraction and utilization technology and gas warning and monitoring technology The existing problems of the existing gas prevention technology are analyzed and the development assumption of the gas prevention technology is proposed．

189-194

Authors: Ayhan Atesoglu, Metin Tunay, Hüseyin Şensoy

The increase of greenhouse into the atmosphere due to industrialization has made may be felt today, signs of global climate change. In this process, the temperature is the most important factor except from moisture, precipitation, the light exposure, air movements. There are not any criteria that are reached on consensus in relation to how fast this interaction will be, how the plant species will be affected and the difficulties that the process will bring about. Therefore, to detect any possible impacts for the research areas is extremely important in terms of following the process. The field of research is the bartin forest district in the western black sea region in turkey where located a field of approximately 1750 km2. The whole area is covered by forest community (Quercus sp., Carpinus betulus, Castenae sativa, Fagus orientalis, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Abies bornmülleriana mixed forest form) with the rest being pseudo-maquis land. The average temperature changes in five-year intervals for the years of 1995-2015 have been mapped by using the method of inverse distance weight (IDW) in the environment of geographical information systems (GIS). The correlation of temperature changes with the altitude levels has been examined. The temperatures changes in the years of 1995-2015, the primary tree species in the zone of vegetation and associated with the current problems of the other species have been analyzed using GIS. In a total of 5209.13 ha area within the study area, it has been determined that the highest temperature increase with an average of 0.40 degrees every five years since 1995. The altitude of the area where the temperature is increased varies between 200 m and 1200 m. The average temperature within the study area has increased nearly 1.2 °C. This situation was having negative effects on the resistance of the beech especially which is the main tree of the region and the other species.

206-210

Authors: Ziyad T. Almalki, Raed M. Shaban, Wisam A. Radhi, Harith A. Razzaq

In this study, the mechanical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) that plant in the petrochemicals laboratory were studied with different percentage of silica powder (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% ) with grain size approximately to 30 µm. It has several variables study such as tensile strength parallel to the surface (σ) in a three-point hook area and the area of weakness and the blocks as well as elongation (ε) and showed the results obtained that adding silica powder was working to reduce the spaces between the polymeric chains reflecting the possibility of high-polymer to bear the stress hanging on it and be the degree of homogeneity between high polymer and fillers. The samples was characterized by Zwick / Roell device and determined maximum tensile strength together with testing maximum strain. And already found 3% was better weight percentage for silica grains to improving the hardness, equally 1% was better for flexibility.

217-224

Authors: Warmate Tamunonengiyeofori, Dieokuma Tamunosiki

Resistivity study was carried at Bende area in Umuahia. The study was able to locate the area within the Ameki Formation. Results from the survey reveals a KH curve with a drilling depth of 50m and above as the indicated by the Resistivity values which is > 1000ohms within the fifth layer. Dar-zarouk Parameters were obtained from the Geoelectric Properties with great inclination of a productive aquifer within the Fifth layer. Transmissivity of 509 m2/day and Permeability (k) value of 8.5 m/day were obtained by empirical relations, with high correlations from values obtained from Pumping Test data within the area. Longitudinal Conductance>1 mhos of the fourth layer depicts a safe aquifer in terms of surface contamination. The study was also able to the delineate the actual commencement of the Benin formation from the Amachara Region down to the south in Umuahia.

227-234

Authors: Shamsul Kamal, Wan Abdul Malik,Khairul Mizan Taib, Zahari Mohd Amin, Mohd Jailani Paiman, Marlia Idrus, Juwahir Ali, Nurul Aqila Abdul Gani

Knowledge sharing usually used by individual in an organization such as meeting, training, community of practice and brainstorming session for making knowledge available to others within the organization. It is a voluntary, conscious act between two or more individuals resulting to joint ownership of the knowledge between the sender and the receiver. Besides that, the major factors influencing knowledge sharing is Individual, Organizational Culture, Organizational Structure, and Technology used as the medium of knowledge sharing. In the process of sharing, knowledge is not only distributed but also transformed in the act of articulation, interpretation and absorption. Ultimately the purpose of develop this research is to find out the factor that influence knowledge sharing capabilities among employees in International College.

250-251

Authors: A.T. Mamadalimov, Sh. A. Gulamov, G.M. Muminova

The physical properties of natural fiber-cattail. Dependences of the change in the mechanical stress of the cattail against deformation are obtained. It is shown that in the case of corn doped with KМnO4 the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature according to an exponential law.

267-278

Authors: Usman Ghani, Meenal Iqbal, Muhammad Qasim, Rida Zainab, Muhammad Ahmad, Kashif, Moeen Khalid, Ayesha Siddiqua

This study conducted to evaluate and epidemiology assessment among the workers in their work place, the study area selected for study is Haroon textile industry Gujranwala. The epidemiology is different from worker to worker, from department to department and from industry to industry. There are certain factors that can cause different diseases to workers such as corrosiveness of chemical, inappropriate use of chemicals, inadequate availability of personal protective equipment (PPEs). Workers have chances of severe allergy, skin rashes and eyes problems.

287-293

Authors: Aboeldahab E. M., Rasha Adel, M. Magdy Hammad

In the present work we study the heat transfer along the wavy surface that's passed through porous media. Where the wavy surface is described heat flux proportional to 〖(1+x)〗^m where (m is constant) the governing equation are first cast into non-dimensional form by using suitable boundary layer variables. The boundary layer equations then solved numerically by explicit finite difference method the numerical results are present for various values of exponent m , amplitude a , prandtl number Pr and Darcy number Da ..