Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy

9-12

Authors: MANUELA ROSSEMARY APETROAEI, GABRIEL MARIUS APETROAEI, DINU ATODIRESEI, VERGINICA SCHRODER

This paper presents the chemical extraction of two marine polysaccharides (chitin and chitosan) from one of the crustacean species of Romanian Black Sea waters. The characterization of these polysaccharides were studied through optical microscopy and FT-IR/ATR spectroscopy. The spectra samples were compared with those of chitin and chitosan standards and results showed the presence of chitin and chitosan in the studied samples.

17-26

Authors: DINU ATODIRESEI, FLORIN NICOLAE, MIHAIL PRICOP, ALEXANDRU SERBAN, ADRIAN ALDEA

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the advantages of adjusting the navigational routes not only based on geographical hazards but also according to hydro-meteorological parameters with the purpose of creating a route with maximum efficiency. The Ship Performance Optimization System (SPOS) used by vessels is one of the best onboard weather routing systems. In a competitive market such as the one today, it is essential to use such software so that the ship’s route can be optimized, taking into account sea conditions such as waves, current and swell, wind and other weather elements. Other benefits include a decreased risk of environmental pollution caused by ships unprepared for certain adverse weather conditions. Keywords: Hyd

31-35

Authors: ANDREI BAUTU, ELENA BAUTU

The problem of automatic generation of university timetables have been widely discussed in the literature, with many proposed general solutions, from simple heuristics to advanced hybrid algorithms. These algorithms perform well on various test cases, but when they are applied to an instance of the problem specific to an organization, one has to define or adapt the constraints to the particularities of that organization. This adaptation is required for various reasons like algorithm runtime or timetable acceptance from the university staff. In this paper, we present a case study on generating the timetable of the “Mircea cel Bătrân” Naval Academy

39-43

Authors: GONÇALO CASTANHEIRA ROSA, MARIO MONTEIRO MARQUES, VICTOR LOBO

Military investment in UAV research, systems, and applied technologies is increasing, and potential uses for UAVs in civil and military operations are in development. These developments, along with growing scientific interest in UAVs, are fueling commercial interest in the unmanned market. The growing enthusiasm for UAVs is not unfounded. The vehicles offer a unique range of features, most notably ultra-long endurance and high-risk mission acceptance, which cannot be reasonably performed by manned aircraft. Coupled with advances in automation and sensor technologies, and the potential for costs savings, it is understandable that interest in and demand for UAVs is on the rise. Organizations like the Navy have all the benefits to accompany the technological evolution that every day surprises and surpasses us. An introduction or technological evolution that this kind of organizations has already begun to implement is the autonomous vehicles as a mean to an end. This paper describes and lists the advantages of the introduction of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in an organization like the navy and also the missions that such robots can perform and optimize.

48-56

Authors: PETAR KLIMOV

The providing of activities in the sea areas is associated with ensuring security environment and safety. Much of the safety activities are serving security purposes. The vice versa is also possible and the activities could be complementary. Therefore, this requires examining the system of safety as composed of two complementary components

63-66

Authors: SERGIU LUPU, ANDREI POCORA, ROMEO BOSNEAGU, COSMIN KATONA

This paper aims to address the issues of shipping in Constantza port in the light of new economic developments and its active role in achieving world trade. The paper is an analysis of the traffic of ships that entered/left/moved in recent years in Constantza. While ships, river vessels and companies are developing very quickly thanks to modern technology, administration and port services are marked by the inertia in terms of technological and organizational updating. Indeed, the creation and development of port facilities should take into account the transported cargo but, in order to have a beneficial success, a strategy to maintain a balance in the commercial market must be developed. Due to the free zone status, international trade has grown rapidly at the intersection of intermodal transport, the statistics showing that the volume of goods transported by sea increased almost 5 times in the last 40 years and for the next 20 years it requires a doubling.

80-84

Authors: FILIP NISTOR, CATALIN POPA, IMRE RECZEY (

In recent years, the shipping companies reconsidered their position regarding the importance of human capital because of the new trend in shipbuilding in conjunction with the enforcement of tighter regulations in shipping. Increasing profit of shipping companies was the result of valorization of human capital on board ships through acquirement of new skills and knowledge in accordance with technologies implemented on the new ships by training and development. Thus, identification of indicators that can be used to highlight the valorization of human capital in shipping is helpful. Measurement of indicators presented in this article can assist decision makers in identifying the best courses of action to improve human capital in shipping.

91-99

Authors: CATALIN POPA, FILIP NISTOR, IMRE RECZEY, DAVID QUANSAH

The human capital is one of the most relevant functional dimensions of the maritime transportation business, considering the seaborne particularities in the crossing countries, cultures and heterogeneous environment as onboard the maritime vessels. The nowadays great competitiveness in this area of transportation services has encouraged many companies to pursue new ways to maintain a competitive advantage, valuing its human capital. Thus, in spite of the propensity for standardisation in field of human resources profile, the seafaring crews’ management is still facing lots of issues in operational tasks’ fulfilment onboard to maritime ships, due to individual misalignment within the collective framework of the on-board teams. As is presented in the article, the individual profile of a seafarer has to be precisely defined to be efficiently integrated in the crew, but not only in professional matters, but also into a comprehensive manner, in order to support a proper adjustment of the individual seafarer behaviour to the group profile requirement, onboard to maritime vessels. STCW provisions are very welcomed in establishing common standards for professional variable of the seafarers’ individual profile, but is still missing to approach the organizational dimensions, apart to the leadership skills or risk behaviour. As shown in the article below, for a recruitment agent and further, for the ship Master is important to find the suitable employee, not only in terms of professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but also in cultural or psychosociological individual dimensions, as to adjust the individual to the group profile, accordingly and effectively.

105-111

Authors: PETRU SERGIU SERBAN, VALERIU NICOLAE PANAITESCU

Ship squat is a combined effect of ship’s draft and trim increase due to ship motion in limited navigation conditions. Over time, researchers conducted tests on models and ships to find a mathematical formula that can define squat. Various forms of calculating squat can be found in the literature. Among those most commonly used are of Barrass, Millward, Eryuzlu or ICORELS. This paper presents a comparison between the squat formulas to see the differences between them and which one provides the most satisfactory results. In this respect a cargo ship at different speeds was considered as a model for maximum squat calculations in canal navigation conditions.

119-123

Authors: ALECU TOMA, MIRONIUK WALDEMAR, MIHAIL PRICOP

The study method of a ship behavior based on practical tests on scale models is widely used both leading scientists and engineers, architects and researchers in the naval field. In this paper we propose to determine the parameters of a ship handling characteristics relevant to study the 55,000 dwt bulk carrier using a scale model. Scientific background for practical experimentation of this techniques necessary to built a scale model ship consists in applying the principles of similarity or "similitude". The scale model achieved by applying the laws of similarity must allow, through approximations available in certain circumstances, finding relevant parameters needed to simplify and solve the Navier-Stokes equations. These parameters are necessary for modeling the interaction between hull of the real ship and the fluid motion.

135-138

Authors: LEVENT ALI, ANASTASE PRUIU, BEAZIT ALI, DANIEL MARASESCU

In this paper are analyzed energy’s flow in energetically naval systems and their correlation with the effective power of thermal machines. The possibilities for secondary energy flows recovering and their impact on the marine environment with possibilities to reduce pollution.

147-150

Authors: PAUL BURLACU, PETRICA POPOV, FLORENTIU DELIU, VASILE DOBREF, MITRUT C. CARAIVAN

A ship plant consisting in a three-phase AC asynchronous motor is well known onboard a ship. The steady-state numerical model helps to study the transitory phenomena’s regarding power supply network.

154-159

Authors: MITRUT CARAIVAN, PAUL BURLACU, VASILE DOBREF

This paper is following further development of the common framework model for multi-purpose underwater data collection devices focusing on second generation of simulation techniques VMAX2.0 on Perry-Slingsby ROV simulator. It is addressing physics-based simulation differences and their impact on the previous research for deployment challenges of underwater sensor networks called "Safe-Nets" by using Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) in the Black Sea area.

166-172

Authors: ALINA CRINA CIUBOTARIU, GINA GENOVEVA ISTRATE

Corrosion in the marine environment is an important issue because the costs causes by marine corrosion increased year upon year. It is necessary a correctly approach to materials selection, protection and corrosion control to reduce this burden of wasted materials, wasted energy and wasted money. Many different types of corrosion attack can be observed to structures, ships and other equipment used in sea water service. Shipping containers are exposed to various corrosive mediums like as airborne salt, industrial pollutants, rain and saltwater. Transport damage during loading onto and unloading off trucks, train beds and ships breaches the paint coating which further contributes to corrosion. The result is shortened container life and high costs for container repair or replacement. The paper intends to evaluate, by gravimetric method, the corrosion rate and corrosion penetration rate of two types of carbon steel DX51D and S220GD. Carbon steel DX51D and hot-dip galvanized steel S220GD are used in marine and industrial applications for buildings cargo vessels, container ships and oil tankers. For testing it was used different corrosive environments: 5% NaOH solution; 5% HCL solution and 0.5M NaCl solution. The samples were immersed in 400mL of testing solution for exposure period of 28 days. Periodically at 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days was measured de mass loss and evaluate the corrosion rate and corrosion stability coefficient. The steel DX51D was stable in 5% NaOH solution for 28 days, the values of corrosion stability coefficient was 7 after 3 days and 6 after 28 days of immersion in corrosive medium. In 5% HCL solution steels DX51D and S220GD was completely corroded in 21 days with a corrosion stability coefficient equal with 9 for 7 days and 8 for 21 days of immersion in corrosive solution. It was observed a good resistance for 3 days in 0.5M NaCl solution with a corrosion stability coefficient equal with 5, but after that stability of the steel decrease in time and corrosion stability coefficient increase at 6. For steel S220GD it was found a corrosion stability coefficient equal with 6 after 21 days of immersion and 5 after 28 days of immersion in 5% NaOH solution. In 0.5M NaCl solution the corrosion stability coefficient at steel S220GD was 6 for all period tested.

178-180

Authors: DORU COSOFRET, MARIAN BUNEA, MARIAN RISTEA

Currently, the research results on the use of mixtures of biofuels with fossil fuels to power diesel engines are controversial in terms of reducing emissions of CO and HC which are contained in the exhaust gases of diesel engines. The diversity of the results is due to possibly different type of biodiesel used, the type of engine on which the tests were carried out and the methods and conditions for obtaining these results. Therefore, researches on regular diesel - biodiesel mixtures in various ratio is still a matter of study. In this regard, we conducted a laboratory study on a 4-stroke diesel engine, by using different mixtures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50%) of diesel with biodiesel made from rapeseed oil. The study results reveals that the CO and HC emissions will decrease within creasing load. Also, the HC emissions and CO emissions when using mixtures of 10% and 15% are lower than the same emissions produced when the engine is powered with diesel.

187-193

Authors: Dumitru DASCALU

FINPLAST is original proceedings propose for finishing antifriction surfaces of sledding bearings. FINPLAST is an original method proposed for anti-friction surface finish of the sliding bearings. The process extends cold plastic deformation technology, for finishing antifriction surfaces of the sliding bearings. In this paper presents the results of the evaluation of the state of stresses and strains obtained by simulation using the finite element method.

198-201

Authors: FLORENTIU DELIU, VASILE DOBREF, PETRICA POPOV, PAUL BURLACU

It was analyzed a naval power system which should ensure the power supply of different consumers. The systematic operations of marine energy systems are based on mathematical models describing the function of specific generators and consumers.

206-209

Authors: VASILE DOBREF, FLORENTIU DELIU, PAUL BURLACU, PETRICA POPOV, MITRUT C. CARAIVAN

For the next generation, conventional weapon will touch the best performance limits and will became more and more what in what more an important part plans of improvement systems of weapon to the future. Physical laws that govern electromagnetic propulsion of guns, enabling them higher speeds than those of conventional arms projectiles. This is substantially benefit electromagnetic weapons - using electricity as energy for an electromagnetic weapons.

214-223

Authors: ION ADRIAN GIRBA, DORIN-SILVIU BANU, ANASTASE PRUIU, DANIEL MARASESCU

The paper presents the main rules imposed by classification societies for design the shaft for propulsion plant with gas and steam turbines. It also analyzes the main maintenance activities to ensure their safe operation.

226-234

Authors: NICOLAE JULA, ALEXANDRU SOFRONIA, TEODOR LUCIAN GRIGORIE

The paper presents an inertial navigation algorithm used for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) boarding an optical detection system for the detection of the Corona discharge in high voltage power lines. The developed algorithm may be used both on real time positioning, but also in the debriefing process after the flight test, when the inflight acquired acceleration and angular speed data are processed together with the captured video streams, received by the Ground Mission Analysis System (GMAS). The integrated system was developed in a research project aiming the reduction of the losses in the transport of strategic interest utilities by using an advanced monitoring system based on IT&C infrastructure and autonomous aerial surveillance. In the paper are successively shown: 1) a short description of the research project; 2) the architecture of the strap-down inertial navigator and the associated mathematical model; 3) the software implementation of the navigator for the debriefing process, and 4) some positioning evaluation results based on the developed navigation algorithm.

242-248

Authors: FLORIN MEDELEANU, CIPRIAN RACUCIU, DAN LAURENTIU GRECU

In traditional lottery systems, the players choose some numbers on a ticket, enroll it to the lottery organizer and pay an amount of money for it. But this perspective offers no guarantee to the players that the lottery organizer doesn’t manipulate the number selection in order to pay the least. This suspicion could be avoided if the lottery organizer didn’t know the numbers selected by the players before the draw. Such a system is possible to be realized by using anonymous signatures, but the design should also guarantee that forging lottery tickets after the moment of the draw or claim of a different ticket is not possible. This paper will propose and analyze a model in order to fulfill all requirement described before, using several cryptographic primitives.

256-259

Authors: PETRICA POPOV, VASILE DOBREF, FLORENTIU DELIU, PAUL BURLACU

International standardization institutions, which play an important role in assessing the effects of the field and determining the need to take protective measures for the human factor, developed safety standards on human exposure to electromagnetic field, differentiated for electric and magnetic fields of low frequency ( near fields), as well as to electromagnetic radiation fields (far fields). Until recently, many studies has shown that the main harmful effect on the human body was produced by high frequency electromagnetic field, but in recent years, more and more information also reveals that the serious damage can be caused by low frequency electric and magnetic fields. These low-frequency electromagnetic fields interact with human tissue causing harmful effects, the degree of destruction depending on factors such as: intensity, frequency, energy field level and duration of exposure.

264-272

Authors: MIHAIL PRICOP, CODRUTA PRICOP, IONUT-CRISTIAN SCURTU, TIBERIU PAZARA, ALECU TOMA

Vulnerable and critical mechanical systems are bearings and drive belts. Signal analysis of vibration highlights the changes in root mean square, the frequency spectrum (frequencies and amplitudes) in the time-frequency (Short Time Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform), are the most used method for faults diagnosis and location of rotating machinery. This article presents the results of an experimental study applied on a diagnostic platform of rotating machinery through three Wavelet methods: (Discrete Wavelet Transform -DWT, Continuous Wavelet Transform -CWT, Wavelet Packet Transform-WPT) with different mother wavelet. Wavelet Transform is used to decompose the original signal into sub-frequency band signals in order to obtain multiple data series at different resolutions and to identify faults appearing in the complex rotation systems. This paper investigates the use of different mother wavelet functions for drive belts and bearing fault diagnosis. The results demonstrate the possibility of using different mother wavelets in rotary systems diagnosis detecting and locating in this way the faults in bearings and drive belts.

280-286

Authors: ANASASE PRUIU, BEAZIT ALI, ION-ADRIAN GIRBA, DANIEL MARASESCU

In this paper are presented and analyzed the effects of thermal expansion on gas evacuation piping from naval power plants and technical protection possibilities to prevent structures from deformations; also are analyzed the possibilities for the use of thermal expansion for tightening the main screws for power plant propulsion.

291-297

Authors: GHEORGHE SAMOILESCU, FLORENTIU DELIU, ADELINA BORDIANU, SERGHEI RADU

In order to conduct electromagnetic field measurements on board a ship four different locations have been used: the upper deck; the aft; the command point- exterior; the navigating bridge - inside. Within each location measurements were performed with different stations located in broadcasting, on different frequency ranges and operating modes (AM - amplitude modulation and FM - frequency modulation), depending on the available sensors. The measurements made on the ship targeted the following frequency ranges: 88-200 MHz, 200-2500 MHz. Measurements carried out on the vessel gaved data on: the electric field E [V / m], for different frequency ranges; the electric field [dBμV / m]; rate exposure; ER: E2/L2; field strength limit, L [V / m]; measurement error, ER * 1000 [‰]; electromagnetic power flux density, PD (or S) [μW / cm2]; total field strength (RMS) [V / m]; maximum single [V / m].

304-306

Authors: DENIZ ÜNSALAN, K. TURGUT GÜRSEL, KUNSEL IZET-ÜNSALAN

The main purpose of building breakwaters is to produce safe havens for ships and boats in rough seas. The general architecture for a breakwater is a wall with a trapezoidal-shaped cross section extending parallel to the shoreline. As the waves from the open sea approach, they are encountered by the so-called slope and revetment of the breakwater, where the wave is broken and its energy is dissipated and/or reflected back. However, the ever-increasing attractiveness of the utilization of waves as energy sources, paralleling to the increasing monetary and environmental costs of energy, has led the authors to consider the vast amounts of this otherwise dissipated energy into useful electrical energy. A wave energy conversion concept, which can be classified as an “overtopping” wave energy converter was conceived, where the open sea-facing (revetment) side of the breakwater is fitted by a water collecting channel at a suitable height above the calm water level, running alongside the breakwater. The channel leads the collected water to a powerhouse containing a low head turbine (or a set of such turbines) discharging it to the calm water of the inner harbour. Power obtained from these turbines can be converted to electrical energy. In this study, an estimation of the volume of water collected by the channel and the energy production for a proposed breakwater - power station system for a typical rough weather shall be made. It is deemed that the feasibility of this system is comparable to and even higher than the other wave energy conversion systems since it does not require additional facilities and power supply lines to be built due to its proximity to the existing energy transmission lines, except for the addition of new features/installations to the existing breakwaters.

315-321

Authors: DOREL DUMITRU VELCEA

The energies produced by the diesel engines of strong power are largely used in marine propulsion because of their favorable reliability and their significant output. However, the increasingly constraining legislations, aimed at limiting the pollutant emissions from the exhaust gas produced by these engines, tend to call into question their supremacy. The analysis of the pollutant emissions and their reduction in the exhaust gas of the slow turbocharged marine diesel engine using ANSYS 15 constitutes the principal objective of this study. To address problems of global air pollution due to the pollutant emission from fuel oil engine combustion, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms by which pollutants are produced in combustion processes. In the present work, an experimental and numerical study is carried out on a unit of real use aboard a car ferry ship. A numerical model based on a detailed chemical kinetics scheme is used to calculate the emissions of NOx, SOx and Sooth in an internal combustion engine model for the same characteristics of the real unit. The combustion process parameters based on the numerical model might now be optimized in order to decrease the pollutant emissions in order to meet the IMO regulations.

340-342

Authors: RALUCA APOSTOL-MATES, ALINA BARBU

When it comes to acquiring new, specialized vocabulary like the lexis of Maritime English, it is well-nigh impossible to assert that this is a piece of cake. As a general rule, students of Maritime English get easily bored when being taught new words belonging to the maritime environment. Thus, any method which is liable to get them more motivated and appealed to the act of learning useful words is more than appropriate. Consequently, doodling comes in very handy as a learning tool given the fact that anybody makes use of it as a gesture of visual thinking. The present paper aims at presenting some very useful internet-based tools which students of Maritime English may employ in order to bring the verbal classroom to the visual classroom enhancing thereby their chance of becoming proficient in Maritime English.

350-353

Authors: ALINA BALAGIU, MARIOARA PATESAN

The paper is a case study based on the hypothesis that the students’ scores at written evaluations during a semester should be the same, as long as they are based on the same knowledge the students from different groups gathered. The number of English classes is the same and the subject has been taught in the same manner for all the groups. The analysis is done on groups in the first and second year of study.

359-366

Authors: VERONICA CORNACIU

Base on algebraic operation introduced by Ben Tal [A. Ben Tal, On generalized means and generalized convex functions, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 21 (1977) 1–13] and a new generalized pseudooperation with one parameter of the following form: ( ( ) ( )) 1 x y h hx hy ε ε − ⊕= + ,where h is an n vectorvalued continuous function, defined on a subset H of n R and possessing an inverse function 1 h− , ε is a arbitrary but fixed positive real number, the nonsmooth generalized convex functions called uniform ( ,) K F − − b ρ convex function, uniform ( ,) K F − − b ρ pseudoconvex function, uniform ( ,) K F − − b ρ quasiconvex function are defined in sense of(, ) h ϕ ε . The nonsmooth multi-objective fractional semi-infinite programming involving these generalized convex functions is researched, and some sufficient optimality conditions are obtained.

375-377

Authors: CLAUDIU MIHNEA DRUMEA

The right of displacement and release of neighboring states that during the sixteenth century, the peasants maintain their personal liberty. Although since the late fifteenth century the tax on cereals called the “bucket out”(1) was introduced, which sought to prevent displacement of peasants, in principle they were free, maintaining their right to resettlement until the reign of Michael the Brave. The fact that, especially in the second half of the sixteenth century, the congregation, which in the fifteenth century was still quite strong, begins to unravel is attested by the increasing category of the poor within, whose rights over the land are increasingly more spoiled; they even leave the community losing any rights over ancestral land. In legal terms, emerged from the community, they are free men and women, but deprived of their land. So that, practicing craftsmanship and trade, which lead to establishing themselves in the cities, attract significant changes in peasant life of this period.

382-392

Authors: ANA-MARIA ENE

Zn2-xCoxSiO4 (x=0.5) nano-particles were successfully synthesized at a low temperature of 900°C both by Pechini method and sol-gel method with starting materials of Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O and Si(OCH2CH3)4. The structural characterization of the precursors and derived synthesized oxide powders is done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG-DTG) and electron microscopy (SEM, EDX and TEM) studies. The effect of heat-treating temperature on the crystallinity of the Zn2-xCoxSiO4 (x=0.5) was investigated. Combined the XRD data and the strong FTIR peaks as signed to Zn-O and Si-O vibration indicate the formation of Zn2- xCoxSiO4 (x=0.5) phase at a temperature of 900°C. Also the nano-crystals size distribution for sol-gel process was studied and the main diameter of nanoparticles was about 15nm.

395-397

Authors: VIRGIL ENE-VOICULESCU, CARMEN ENE-VOICULESCU , ION LAZAR

The present paper is based on the requisite that the administering of amino acids to students participating in the National Contest of Chemistry leads to increased attention before important competitions as such. The paper briefly presents the role of attention and memory in obtaining good results in competitions as a consequence of administering effort sustaining substances.

405-407

Authors: DIANA VICTORIA GIDU

The proprioceptive training has an important role in developing and maintaining the force of the lower limbs. The proprioceptive training rapidly gained attention in the sport performance for both the prevention and recovery of muscular injuries and increasing physical performance. Purpose: The aim of this study was to prove that a 15 minutes of proprioceptive training performed at the beginning of the training sessions has a good influence on force of the lower limb in women soccer players. Material and methods: Participants were 18 active women soccer players, age 20.75 ± 4.59 years old. The task of the experimental group consisted to performed a 15 minutes of proprioceptive exercises, special designed for soccer game, at the beginning of the training sessions, two times a week. For the measurement of the forces of the lower limbs we used Hop test. Conclusions: The experimental group has recorded better results than the control ones, on the Hop test (p < 0,005).

418-421

Authors: ELENA HANU, SILVIA TEODORESCU, CARMEN ENE-VOICULESCU

Defining the elements pertaining to the scale and diversity of sports activities, the specificity and complexity of the Organization, management, and evaluation of the results.

426-432

Authors: GRETA KOLEVA, IRINKA HRISTOVA, DESPINA GEORGIEVA, DANIELA DRAGANOVA, IVANICHKA SERBEZOVA

The stroke is a socially significant disease that is characterized with high levels of morbidity and mortality, causing severe disability worldwide. It is the second most significant cause of death among the people in the western world, falling back only to the heart diseases and preceding the cancer, as it causes 10% of the mortal cases in the world. Since 2009 the Bulgarian association of neurosonology and cerebral hemodynamics(BANCH) organizes different initiatives of training doctors to conduct a thrombolytic treatment to acute ischemic stroke(AIS). The intravenous thrombolysis has not been established as a leading differential treatment of AIS in Bulgaria, and the thrombolytic therapy is still not well developed in Bulgaria. The support of national and local institutions is crucial for insuring and guarantee for a proper stroke treatment. Efforts are necessary for adequate financing of the health facilities, as well as professional preparation of the human resource, and training the population via creating an integrated national strategy for its application and control, which can underlie as a state politics in healthcare at optimal usage of publicprivate partnership.

445-451

Authors: DELIA LUNGU, LAURA CIZER

Whether in paper or online formats, dictionaries are more than just collections of words, and used properly, they could lead towards the development of learners’ autonomy. Once students are taught how to use them effectively, there are hundreds of hours of self-guided study. Dictionaries can constitute an ideal way of enriching students’ vocabulary due to the fact that they generate an extremely varied collection of communicative activities, ranging from basic dictionary use to vocabulary and reading skills. This paper aims to put forward 10 dictionary activities tapping an in-house material (the Online Maritime English Visual Dictionary) as an effective means of boosting students’ specialist vocabulary.

458-465

Authors: MARIUS IULIAN MIHAILESCU, STEFANIA LOREDANA NITA, MARIAN DORIN PIRLOAGA

Because of the increasing number of applications that are working on-line, software security has become an important aspect for software development process. The paper will present the main mechanisms and features on which we have to stop when we are designing and implementing a software application, such as sensitive information, execution of the program, and different ways of analyzing static and dynamic code. We will explain two attacks techniques (analysis and tampering) that could occur on the program and we will demonstrate how we can exploit some vulnerable points of access in the software application. Based on the two types of attacks we will discuss about obfuscation techniques and perturbated functions as a new approach to obfuscation and diversity.

472-475

Authors: VIOLETA N. OPRIS, SERGIU EFTIMIE, CIPRIAN RACUCIU

The biometric Multi-Factor authentication represents the next generation computing authentication infrastructure. This paper proposes a novel multi-factor authentication scheme based on biometrics concepts. Biometrics is a process used to identify or authenticate an individual’s identity using any of a series of physical or behavior characteristics. Interconnecting biometric technologies with cloud infrastructure improves speed, secure communication, scalability, identity and access management, reliability, automation.

484-489

Authors: FLORIN POSTOLACHE

Nowadays, physical (hardware) environments virtualization has expanded rapidly, becoming an absolute necessity for IT infrastructure reconfiguration. The system virtualization and cloud computing are highly debated topics in the last 10 years which lead towards numerous strategies, sometimes quite different. IT Virtualization increases the levels of resources utilization. Due to load balancing of the available physical resources, by virtualization we increase their level of usage, without a proportional growth of costs, as in a normal extension of infrastructure. The research necessity is imposed by the rapid evolution of the information technology, which leads to finding new ways of organizing the hardware infrastructure, applications, as well as new ways of solving the operations, regardless their complexity. A big part of the infrastructure can become partially or totally virtualized and thus, the processes gain a dynamic and distributed character, while the static and hierarchical structures become more and more adaptable and flexible. Thus, for knowledge acquisition and structuring, we consider necessary the development of a peculiar ontology involving a common set of constraints and a conceptual environment, having as a main goal the relations between the information classes and modeling of knowledge. Having established the goal, i.e. defining an ontology of the IT infrastructure virtualization field, we will suggest a methodology necessary to classifying the virtualized systems, offering to the specialists’ community a new model structured through the medium of the included layers, which allows capturing the relations between entities / services included in a layer, as well as the relations between the components of different layers. The virtualized IT environment, structured according to the proposed approach also allows us to deepen knowledge and understand the virtualization domain, its components and their relationships.

494-497

Authors: MARIUS ROGOBETE, CIPRIAN RACUCIU

The 3D digital contents are increasing rapidly on the media market and games market but the techniques of copyright protection are still on the low level. The existing watermarking 3D models focused on the robustness against possible attacks to destroy the embedded watermarks, are using to hide copyright information. But a clear auto-protection able to embed a visible 3D watermarks into the original 3D image, but also capable to remove the watermark without 3D host image damage, is not yet presented in the specific scientific literature. Our proposed algorithm overlaps a removable watermark image over the 3D host, original image. It could be removed based on several parameters encrypted in a hide watermark. A 3D watermark is hiding, using surface curvatures, by segmentation of the regions over the given 3D triangular mesh. The watermark is embedded to the areas by statistically modulating the distance between each mesh vertex and the mass center of the mesh. The presented algorithm embeds a visible watermark in a 3D host image together with a hide encrypted message on the sender side and then, on the receiver side, extracts the parameters and decrypts them, in order to remove the visual watermark.

508-511

Authors: ANCA SIRBU, CAMELIA ALIBEC

Beside the usual communication tools of engineering professionals, i.e. formulae, charts, drawings and the like, language is by far the greatest (sic!) means of conveying professional messages and ideas. Projects, memos and contracts depend not only on their contents as to the reactions and further development they trigger, but also on the linguistic manner in which they are brought forward. Clear and unequivocal phrasing and language are of utmost importance in contracts where any misunderstanding may lead to costly consequences and even more so in building specifications, operating and repair instructions! Engineers are usually less interested in linguistic issues. Nevertheless, they are the exponents of the paradox that they express themselves more clearly and accurately than humanities professionals. The engineering jargon is not made up entirely of symbols, formulae and equations. In order to reach the public sphere, one has to use everyday terms and concepts. Engineering terminology is characterized by specialized terms, certain forms of sentence structures and accuracy of expression. Texts are well structured and have a mainly descriptive nature. From the way texts are conceived and from terms and phrases used in texts at a particular time, one can draw conclusions about the prevailing conditions of the time and about the state of technology at that moment. Consequently, language is in every respect an eclectic phenomenon.

515-523

Authors: LIVIU TATOMIR, BEBE IONASCU, STEFAN POPA, ALEXANDRU BARBU, CIPRIAN DRAGOI

A situation often met in the Romanian Armed Forces in recent years is the need for interconnecting two networks (domains) with different levels of classification. Considering that the Romanian armed troops are involved in numerous missions with NATO partners, solutions, already implemented across the organization, are considered to be applied in domestic systems, also. This paper presents the solutions adopted by NATO in order to solve the problem of cross-domains interconnections. We present the maturity level reached by these solutions and the possibility of implementing these solutions in the Romanian Armed Forces, with or without specific adaptation to our own rules and regulations. The goal is to use a NATO already proved solution to our national classified networks.