The Problems of Economy

16-23

Authors: Zvarych I. T., Zvarych O. I.

The article highlights the impact of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union on the competitiveness of domestic companies. At this, using the system and synergistic approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical, comparative, comparative and content analysis, it was found that relations between them began in December 1991, when the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, as the EU presidency, in a letter on his behalf officially recognized Ukraine’s independence, whose policy of building long-term relations is carried out on the basis of the Law of Ukraine of July 1, 2010 «On the Principles of Domestic and Foreign Policy», according to the provisions of Article 11 of which «... ensuring Ukraine’s integration into the European political, economic and legal space» is one of the defining principles of our country’s foreign policy. As a result of the introduction of the Free Trade Area between Ukraine and the EU, our country received trade preferences in the form of duty-free tariff quotas for 36 types of goods, four types of which were set additional volumes of their supply to European markets. At the same time, despite exceptionally unfavorable economic circumstances, the commodity structure of Ukraine’s exports to the European Union remains generally stable. About a third of it is occupied by agricultural and food industry products, in second place – ferrous metals and products from them, in third – electrical and mechanical machines. As for services, the structure of their exports, along with the processing of various material resources, is dominated primarily by information-communication and transport services. At the same time, in 2020, the part of the European Union countries in Ukraine’s foreign trade amounted to 40.7 %, therefore, it avoided such a humiliating status as a raw material appendage of the European Union and became its full-fledged partner in trade in goods and services. Further, at the end of 2022, the total volume of goods from Ukraine to the European Union increased by 4.2% compared to 2021 and reached more than $ 28 billion. The article substantiates that, in addition to foreign trade, the competitiveness of domestic enterprises is influenced by other factors, requiring the appropriate potential, the presence of which enables one or another business entity in the process of its production, commercial or other activities to create appropriate competitive advantages, which, in turn, ensures an increase in their competitiveness. Taking this into account is extremely important for further expansion of production by enterprises and, on this basis, increasing their profits in order to direct them to improving the welfare of workers and their families, which is especially important in the context of Ukraine’s consistent integration into the European Union

31-40

Authors: Holovnia O. M., Potapov V. P.

The article analyzes rational approaches to the need to develop rural green tourism, the importance of which is actualized in the conditions of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. The author believes that the key component in the development of the country's agrarian sphere is the comprehensive development of rural areas aimed at stable development of agricultural production, improvement of working and living conditions, and preservation of the natural environment of the population. The revival and further economic and social development of rural areas of Ukraine now is directly linked to the tourism industry, particularly green tourism. The author researched the phenomenon of gastronomic tourism and analyzed the problems of its development in the current conditions in Ukraine, generalizing the theoretical, methodical and practical aspects of the development of gastrotourism. The article presents gastronomic routes of the Vinnytsia region, which cover interesting historical places, architectural highlights, and well-known excursion projects. Vinnytsia region is rich in culinary traditions, which should become the basis for the development of gastronomic routes in the region, and the unique tourist «magnets» could be created in the communities. The sphere of gastrotourism has growth potential, but without the creation of additional «magnets» for tourists, it has no chance of independent realization. It is determined that clusters as integration structures are focused on creating new value within a network or reducing transactional and economic costs. They complement each other in production and sales chains or when implementing innovative projects. The initiators and coordinators of the creation of network organizations can be different institutions in accordance with the nature of the activities. Although wine clusters in Ukraine are developing as well, at the present moment this market has not reached its full potential.

56-62

Authors: Kondratenko N. O., Dobryanskyy O. I.

The article considers specificity of determination of national threats as prerequisites for formation of an integrated system of economic security at the national level. It is noted that the integrated system of economic security is a complex structure that includes various components that cover the main spheres of functioning of the national economy. It is defined that the growing complexity of the global geopolitical and economic environment increases the need to create an effective system for managing the country’s economic security. It is noted that the main advantage of the integrated system of economic security of the State is the possibility of its full consideration of fluctuations of the global economic system through careful analysis and monitoring of economic tendencies, changes in world trade or financial markets, and other key global factors. This becomes of particular importance in the view of the State adapting in a timely manner to changes in the global economic environment while ensuring its economic stability and security. The role of determination of national threats in formation of an integrated system of economic security is analyzed. The key factors influencing the economic security of the country, such as geopolitical location, natural resources, technological development, demographic situation, level of corruption, etc., are examined. It is found that the determination of national threats allows to identify the potential risks and vulnerabilities of the national economy. The principles of formation of strategic approaches and policy of ensuring economic security at the national level have been proposed. The peculiarities of introduction of integrated systems of economic security on the basis of determination of national threats are considered. The importance of studying national threats for the formation of an effective system of economic security is proved. The application of the analysis of determination of national threats for the development of strategies for ensuring stability and development of the national economy has been proposed.

74-80

Authors: Kolupaieva I. V., Bezsonov S.

The rapid development of information technology changes the business environment around the world. Ukraine is no exception. The formation of the digital economy has become the basis of a new paradigm for the functioning of business entities. The availability of the Internet and the development of information technology, which are the main accelerators of the development of e-commerce, have contributed to a significant demand for online trade (e-commerce) in Ukraine. Nowadays, the number of companies that are switching to online platforms to sell their products is increasing. In Ukraine, online commerce covers a wide range of goods and services, ranging from food and household appliances to clothing, footwear and electronics. The aim of the study is to analyze e-commerce trends in Ukraine and ways of further development in the context of current challenges. The study defines that online commerce in Ukraine is a promising market with great potential for further growth and development. An analysis of the dynamics of the e-commerce market in Ukraine showed that by 2022 Ukraine demonstrated significant success in the e-commerce market. The largest increase of +48% compared to the previous period was observed in 2020 and was connected with the COVID-19 pandemic, which has become an accelerator of digitalization. In 2021, Ukrainian e-commerce market grew significantly – by 27%, compared to a global growth rate of 15%. Despite the fact that the number of purchased goods and services in Ukraine is gradually growing, these figures are still quite low compared to the average for EU countries. In order to determine the priorities of regulatory policy regarding the Ukrainian e-commerce market, based on the SWOT analysis, opportunities for further development and challenges that need to be addressed have been identified. Only with a balanced regulatory policy regarding the e-commerce market and the effective choice of appropriate regulatory levers can economic growth and the level of welfare of the population, the development of the country as a whole, be ensured.

87-98

Authors: Ponomarenko V. S., Malуarets L. M., Barannik I. O., Baliuk Y. S.

The article is aimed at forming provisions of the conception of transformation of the innovative development of export-import activity of economic entities (EIAEE), taking into account research by scientists and practitioners, current legislative orders of the State in the sphere of economy, practices of functioning and development of this activity, substantiation of expediency of implementation of these provisions in the wartime and post-war conditions. The article briefly analyzes the state of economy in Ukraine in the current conditions. A grouping of conceptions of innovative development by directions is provided. The concepts of «development» and «innovative development» are closer defined. The following provisions of the conception of transformation of innovative development of export-import activity of economic entities under conditions of limited activity are substantiated: 1) in the conditions of wartime and in the post-war period, the assistance of developed countries and international organizations accelerates the innovative development of the EIAEE in Ukraine; 2) government management of investments promotes innovative development of export-import activities; 3) transformation of innovation development of the EIAEE will take place in several stages; 4) with the help of innovative development of the EIAEE, a systemic economic strategy for the country’s recovery is successfully implemented; 5) government support for the development of entrepreneurial activity contributes to the innovative development of the EIAEE; 6) new signs of innovative development of the EIAEE are the training through export, digitalization of this activity, innovative competitiveness of human capital, increase of innovatively active enterprises, differentiation of the origin of investments and verification of their purity, transition in international trade from off-shoring to friend-shoring, establishment of criteria for determining friendly investments; 7) the results of evaluation, analysis, diagnostics, monitoring of innovative development of the EIAEE create an analytical basis for wartime risk insurance instruments, which is one of the prerequisites for attracting foreign direct investment; 8) formation of a sufficient level of export-import potential ensures innovative development of the EIAEE and its sustainability; 9) in the process of international scientific and technical cooperation, innovative development of the EIAEE is carried out; 10) management of innovation development of the EIAEE consists in choosing the best option for this development; 11) competitiveness ensures the innovative development of the EIAEE. These provisions create a scientific basis for the development of effective management programs, measures at all levels of management both in the war and the post-war situation.

106-111

Authors: Sytnyk N. S., Yurchenko I. M.

In the wake of the war in Ukraine and the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many businesses have either suspended or closed their operations. The introduction of martial law requires rapid adaptation of tax legislation to new realities. To do this, the State must, in particular, distribute its burden to promote the survival of businesses in the wartime conditions. One of such plans is to carry out the tax reform «10-10-10», which provides for amendments to tax legislation, revision of preferential taxation of certain business segments and reduction of basic tax rates. Making adjustments to these tax rates will lead to serious changes in the State budget itself. The main taxes that will be changed during the reform are VAT, personal income tax and business income tax. Analysts argue that reducing them to 10% and strengthening tax control over entrepreneurs and enterprises will lead to the withdrawal of a significant part of business from the «shadow». The important point is that, in contrast to reducing the rates on basic taxes, the authors of the reform propose to strengthen control over the activities of not only registered entrepreneurs, but also the population that receives income without registering as a business entity. This will entail an increase in fines for violating tax legislation. Among the important shortcomings of the reform are the potential increase in the budget deficit resulting from a significant reduction in taxes, as well as the conditions of the European Directive 112, which Ukraine has to adhere to within the framework of European integration and according to which the VAT rate cannot be less than 15%. In turn, the advantages are strengthening tax control, de-shadowing the economy and reducing the tax burden on the wage fund, improving the standard of living of the population, supporting business and attracting foreign investment. Thus, after a detailed consideration of the reform, familiarization with the opinions of leading experts and a brief analysis, it can be argued that in such a difficult situation in which Ukraine finds itself now, it is appropriate to make fundamental changes to the tax system in order to improve the financial condition of the population, enterprises and the economy in general.

120-128

Authors: Omelianenko O. M., Omelyanenko V. A.

The viability of the socioeconomic environment directly depends on the level of development, quality and reliability of infrastructure. In these circumstances, the role of self-organization of communities is growing, which requires, on the one hand, reasonable prioritization in the social spheres and development of infrastructure of life activities, etc. (consistent with the goals and objectives of the development strategy), and on the other hand, assessment of the own and the potential sources of ensuring the implementation of these priorities, which can be made through the development of self-sufficient innovative communities. The aim of the study is to determine the substantial content of the infrastructure and service methodology and its potential in the context of post-war recovery. The infrastructure and service approach involves maximum satisfaction of human needs and requests, as well as the creation of conditions for work and life, and is focused on meeting the needs of the community through attracting and retaining human resources through the development of services and infrastructure. The infrastructure and service approach is focused on adapting the management of the development of innovative communities to the problems of sustainable development as such, which opens up opportunities for studying promising organizational and economic mechanisms for managing service orientation, based on assessing the impact of status changes as a result of military hostilities in the economic space and its effects on the quality of life, living space and human capital. The methodology of the infrastructure and service approach is based on the ideas of the geography of innovations, combining the methods of economic geography, regional economy and innovatics and explores the spatial patterns of creation, implementation and dissemination of new ideas, technologies, products, as well as the impact of these processes on regional (local) development. From these positions, the infrastructure and service approach is relevant, because it relies on the potential of the territories and is aimed at more intensive use of its own capabilities. The infrastructure and service methodology for the development of innovative communities implies the understanding that innovations cover not only technological changes, but also changes in organizational, labor and social practices as those that can potentially affect the well-being of human capital of communities. Service modeling involves describing all processes in communities of different typologies in order to take these processes into account while projecting. Infrastructure and service projecting is the process of organizing space in such a way that economic agents interact as smoothly and efficiently as possible within innovative communities. In this context of the project, service innovations will be considered at the local level as an integration totality of basic factors of living standards, socioeconomic conditions, characterizations of innovative business entities, innovation infrastructure, cluster and network connections. The authors believe that for infrastructure development at the decent level, it is necessary to maximize the existing potential of the community, which is as most effectively possible through the development of innovative communities. Within the terms of practical implementation of the infrastructure and service methodology for the development of innovative communities, it is advisable to consider the hypothesis that development at the regional level should be carried out through a combination of smart-specialization strategies and the objectives of sustainable development.

141-146

Authors: Husak O. А.

The article is aimed at substantiating and forming theoretical and methodological foundations of strategic management of development of transport enterprise. The author of the article reveals the dependence and importance of the category of development strategy of transport enterprise on external changes in the market segment, which is necessary in conditions of uncertainty, the growing rapid variability of the environment and the need for instant response. The article forms, substantiates and improves the content and essence of the components of the strategy for managing the development of transport enterprise. Attention is focused on the importance of integration processes for transport enterprises regarding the implementation in their work of the principles of sustainable development in the field of transport system. The stages of strategic management and structuring of problems as an instrument for assessing the initiative of holistic-oriented thinking in relation to managerial decision-making were also considered. One of the most urgent tasks of modern management is the formation of a model of strategic management of the development of a transport enterprise, the search for modern and novel instruments for its implementation, which are able to ensure economic development and its effective functioning in both the domestic and the foreign markets. It is determined that the solution of this problem depends on timely and preliminary formation of a map of actions for strategic management of the enterprise’s activity. The formed model of strategic management of the development of a transport enterprise will allow systematizing the managerial decisions, problem areas of management, will reduce uncertainty in matters of the relative state and efficiency of the enterprise in a changing situation of the external environment. The article substantiates practical necessity of a model of strategic management of development of a transport enterprise to achieve continuous and efficient operation of the transport enterprise.

156-167

Authors: Negliad A. V., Babichev A. V.

The article is concerned with studying topical issues of functioning of cluster structures in Ukraine, which are an important instrument for ensuring sustainable economic development of the country. The research is aimed at improving the methodological support of substantiation of the feasibility of forming and evaluating the efficiency of the results of functioning of cluster structures. The necessity of expanding the existing classification of cluster structures is substantiated and it is proposed to supplement the list of types of cluster structures with the following types in accordance with the purpose of functioning: discretionary, sales, service, income, profitable, costs, capital investment, venture, and investment. It is proposed to link individual indicators of efficiency of cluster activity with its type, defined in accordance with the purpose of functioning. For each type of cluster structures, it is advisable to use a separate set of indicators in accordance with their purpose and the developed list of types. For the operation of the discretionary cluster, it is necessary to calculate the coefficients of the level of performance of a certain list of works and compliance with the estimate of operating costs by elements. The basis for evaluating the performance of the «costs» cluster should be based on such indicators as the coefficient of compliance with the estimate of operating costs by elements, the total coefficient of operating costs for production and the cost efficiency ratio. The activities of the «sales» cluster should be assessed by indicators of the individual coefficient of sales volume, the coefficient of compliance with the standard of finished product balances in the warehouse, and the coefficient of transaction costs. For the cluster structures of service, it is necessary to determine the coefficients of compliance with the estimates of operating costs, services provided outside the enterprise, and the quality of service of its structural units. The results of the functioning of the income cluster structures are expressed in the sale of products of the i-th type, sales of products with the help of intermediaries, the coefficient of potential losses. For the profitable cluster structures, it is necessary to use such criteria as product profitability, total profitability of sales, compliance with operating cost estimates, profit growth rate. For the capital investment cluster structures, it is proposed to calculate the following criteria: coefficients of compliance with the estimate of operating costs, profitability of capital investments and their payback period for each investment project. For the venture cluster structures, it is advisable to calculate the level of risk, and for investment ones – indicators of economic efficiency of investment projects. The proposed types of cluster structures and the system of criterial indicators for evaluating their activities allow considering each cluster as an independent business entity that functions independently in accordance with its purpose, according to which individual strategies are developed, ensuring adaptability to changes in the external environment and creating real opportunities for self-development.

176-181

Authors: Semenchuk T. B., Lichenko V. Y.

The article is aimed at studying and substantiating the implementation of modern instrumentarium as a form of digitalization, i.e. digitization of all information relating to business processes of enterprise. The article describes the importance of digitalization in the economy as a process of introduction of digital technologies for collecting, transmitting, storing, and processing data. It is defined that digitalization is a modern stage in the development of the digital society, in which digital technologies of working with data prevail, which is implemented through the use of technical means and software solutions. It is proved that a promising instrument at the micro level is the application of digitalization as a factor of sustainable development of business processes. The authors of the article reveal the latest visions of recent research and visions of domestic researchers regarding the conceptual apparatus of digitalization and provided a definition of digital transformation as the basis of the modern instrumentarium of business processes in enterprise. This allowed the authors to systematize their research and identify the main advantages and opportunities for enterprises in the digitalization of business processes, which are presented in this publication. Of course, the definition of advantages and opportunities provides a clear understanding and systematization of competitive advantages of the enterprise when applying the modern instrumentarium, specified by the authors of the presented study. The article also forms the main directions of improving the work of the enterprise and interaction with customers through the implementation of projects of digital transformation of business processes of enterprise, which are manifested in increasing productivity while reducing labor costs, improving the quality of customer service and stimulating innovation in the enterprise. This becomes possible through the implementation of the main five components of the management of business processes, which are given in the article. To substantiate the proposed directions of digitalization of business processes of enterprise, the article provides many contemporary examples (cases) for their implementation. The authors were able to bring and systematize the best practices in accordance with the directions of digitalization of business processes of enterprise and in accordance with a certain industry while preserving the specifics of the enterprises, which will significantly advance the implementation of the proposed measures to improve the business processes of the enterprise.

190-197

Authors: Kholodnyi G. O.

In the current economic conditions, special importance is given to innovative marketing, which generally contributes to the effective commercialization of innovations, ensures the synchronization of the processes of observation, evaluation, modeling, forecasting, control and coordination of innovative marketing activities. The article is aimed at defining the essence and considering the features of functioning of innovative marketing. The article considers general characteristics, subject environment, modern features and contradictions of innovative marketing. A contentual definition of innovative marketing as a modern concept of marketing, innovation-oriented marketing activity of enterprise (organization) regarding constant and continuous improvement of products and methods, instruments and technologies of marketing, formation of new markets and new needs in order to effectively meet consumer demands and use of own resource potential are proposed. The article presents a detailed structure, content-key and instrumental-functional components of innovative marketing; the article identifies significant problems and contradictions in the processes of distribution and development of innovative marketing (ethical contradictions; contradiction between traditional («old») and new marketing; contradiction between globalization and individuality of innovative marketing programs; between stimulation to increase total consumption of goods and limited natural resources and material capabilities of consumers). The carried out studies and the obtained results will reduce the factor of uncertainty and risk in assessments, hypotheses, innovative marketing solutions and actions.

204-212

Authors: Caprian Iurie

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological (informational) complex designed to imitate human intelligence to perform tasks that previously required human input. AI has become an important component of the new economic and financial processes, with applications in various fields, including in the banking sphere. The purpose of this publication is to present the essence of AI through the lens of benefits and specific areas of the banking industry, including for combating bank fraud. For this, the author used the publications accessible in the form of analytical reports and expert views. Then a synthesis image was formed on the topic addressed and the related conclusions were formulated. The conducted study demonstrated the high potential of AI for promoting the innovative process on the banking market, raising the quality level of banking products based on deep knowledge of market trends, preferences and customer behavior. In the same way, AI has become an important applicable component within the banking institutions' divisions for management of placements and risks. AI has also become an important component in the activity of ensuring the cybersecurity of banks and the security of customers' banking operations, as well as combating bank fraud in different forms.

224-230

Authors: Marhasova V. H., Dubyna M. V.

The current macroeconomic and political situation in Ukraine is characterized by instability and impact of a number of adverse factors. In such circumstances, Ukraine's debt relations are focused on the increased need to attract financing. At the same time, because of the ongoing war, Ukraine's expenses are constantly and rapidly growing. The revenue side of the budget under such conditions is limited. Today it is impossible to adhere to the chosen strategic benchmark – reducing the share of the external public debt and loans in foreign currency. The article is aimed at studying the practical aspects of attracting financing by Ukraine in the foreign market with an emphasis on the problems accompanying this process. The article examines the main indicators of attracting financial resources in the foreign market, the structure of Ukraine's debt in terms of currencies, as well as an overview of the risks that accompany the current debt situation. The primary task of Ukraine's debt policy is to optimize the attraction of financial resources in the foreign market within the security corridors. Taking into account the experience of attracting financial resources both in the domestic and foreign loan capital markets will allow defining the existing problems and identifying the directions for optimizing the attraction of such financing in the current crisis. Despite the significant need for financing and limited opportunities to attract resources in the domestic market, it is proposed to limit the use of external sources. In the current period, it is proposed to focus on restructuring the existing debt and finding opportunities to attract soft lending programs. Further, in the postwar period, a clear and flexible debt policy should be formed with the definition of quantitative benchmarks for Ukraine's debt security. However, prospects for solving Ukraine's debt problems will appear only after the settlement of the political situation in the country.

240-249

Authors: Holian V. A., Medynska N. V., Kolosa L. L., Zamlynskyi O. S.

It is substantiated that under wartime conditions, formation of a new global nature protection architectonics and decentralization of power, the solution of ecological problems of socioeconomic development passes into a new financial and investment dimension, which requires diversification of sources of financing of capital investments and current costs in environmental protection. It is determined that in the dynamics of the nominal amount of financing of capital investments and current expenditures in environmental protection in the context of the main nature protection measures in 2000–2020, in general, there is an upward trend, which is caused by inflation-devaluation processes, rather than a real increase in assignations to environmental projects both in the public and corporate sectors. It is identified that in 2000–2020 there was a significant difference between the amounts of financing of capital investments and current expenses in the direction of increasing the amount of financial support for the operation and maintenance of environmental infrastructure, rather than their renovation and modernization. It is substantiated that the chronic deficit of financial and investment support for solving ecological problems is caused by excessive unification of sources and methods of financing the renewal of the network of environmental infrastructure objects and rationalization of the use of natural raw materials, which requires diversification of fiscal, budgetary and credit investment instruments of the environmental protection industry. It is determined that increasing investment flows in the environmental sphere of Ukraine depends on the inclusion in the range of priorities of the national environmental policy of the dominants of international environmental conventions, primarily the New Climate Agreement, which will allow obtaining financial preferences from global environmental funds and foreign governments. It is substantiated that the intensification of environmental activities at the level of local self-government will become possible due to an increase in the share of deductions of the natural resource rent and environmental tax to special funds of budgets of territorial communities, which will ensure targeted linking of eco-resource payments to solving the most pressing ecological problems of territorial entities.